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Health and Safety Executive
Health and Safety Executive
CDM 2007 Training
Package
Session 4 - Designers
Version: September 07
Who are designers? (1)
• A ‘designer’ has a wide definition under CDM 2007
• If you design or specify building work, then you are a designer with duties under CDM
• Duties apply to all projects, including non-notifiable and domestic
• It includes people who prepare – Drawings– Design details, analysis and calculations – Specification and Bills of Quantities
• The design could be on paper, computer or verbal
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 2
Who are designers? (2)
• Designers include – Civil and structural engineers– Building services engineers – Those specifying or purchasing materials – Temporary works designers – Interior fit out designers– Clients who specify – Design and construction contractors– Statutory bodies that require features that are not
statutory requirements
• Statutory requirements are exempted i.e. Building Regs requirements are not designs under CDM 2007
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 3
Who are designers? - Overseas designers
• Where the design work is undertaken by oversees designers, the designers duties under CDM 2007 falls on:– Person who commissions it if in GB or – The client for the work
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 4
Duties on designers (1)
• Designers have to:– Ensure clients are aware of their duties– Make sure they (the designer) are
competent for the work they do– Co-ordinate their work with others as
necessary to manage risk – Co-operate with CDM co-ordinator and
others– Provide information for the health and
safety file CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 5
Duties on designers (2)
• Designers have to avoid foreseeable risks SFAIRP by:– Eliminating hazards from the
construction, cleaning, maintenance, and proposed use (workplace only) & demolition of a structure
– Reduce risks from any remaining hazard
– Give collective risk reduction measures priority over individual measures
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 6
Duties on designers (3)
Designers must also:
• Take account of the Workplace (Health, Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1992 when designing a workplace structure
• Provide information with the design to assist clients, other designers, & contractors
• In particular – inform others of significant or unusual/ “not obvious” residual risks
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 7
Duties on designers (4)
• Designers have to be given relevant information by the CDM co-ordinator
• Risks which are not foreseeable do not need to be considered
• CDM 2007 does not require “zero risk” designs
• Amount of effort made to eliminate hazards should be proportionate to the risk
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 8
HSE’s expectation of Designers - apply the ERI(C) principles (1)
Eliminate hazards• By experience• By red amber green lists (optional)• By challenging existing practice• By considering implications of their actions • By talking/listening to contractors• By complying with Workplace (Health, Safety and
Welfare) Regulations 1992Reduce remaining risks- Collective measures- Individual measures
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 9
HSE’s expectations of designers – apply the ERI(C) principles (2)
Inform others
• Provide relevant information to project team: other designers, CDM co-ordinator, contractors
• In particular: highlight significant, “not obvious” risks, & those that are difficult to manage
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 10
Designing out risk – example of what can be done
Simple design measure to reduce risk
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 11
Designing out risk – example of what not to do
Inherent risks for future maintenance of flue pipe
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 12
Designers - Information
• Provide the right information to the right people at the right time
• How to inform – Method of informing is optional– Notes on drawings – Written information with the design– Suggested sequence of construction
(only if not obvious)
• If in doubt – discuss itCDM 2007 Designers – Slide 13
Designers – co-operation
• A more managed approach will be necessary for larger projects:– integrated team involving designers, principal contractor
and other relevant contractors– the appointment of a lead designer, where many
designers are involved– agreeing a common approach to risk reduction during
design– meetings of the design team (including the CDM co-
ordinator) with contractors, and others– regular reviews of developing designs– encourage site visits, so designers can see how risks
are managed on site and vice versaCDM 2007 Designers – Slide 14
Designers - Paperwork
• Competent designers eliminate hazards and reduce risks – manage the risk, not paperwork.
• Design risk assessments (DRAs) are seen by many as unhelpful and should be discouraged– Just say no to thoughtless DRA but yes to
eliminating hazards
• CDM 2007 does not require designers to produce copious amounts of paperwork detailing generic hazards and risks
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 15
Designers - Records
• Designers under CDM 2007 are not legally required to keep records of the design process
• But – Brief records why key decisions were
made will be helpful when designs are passed to another, to prevent decisions being reversed for the wrong reasons
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 16
Designers – design review
• A process of design review will help to ensure buildability, usability, & maintainability
• Designers should involve the contractor when reviewing buildability
• Designers should involve the client (or building operators) when reviewing usability and maintainability
• Involve the CDM co-ordinator if project is notifiable
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 17
Additional duties for notifiable projects
• Check that the client has appointed a CDM co-ordinator
• Only ‘initial’ design work is permitted until a CDM co-ordinator has been appointed
• Co-operate with the CDM co-ordinator, principal contractors and with other designers or contractors so all can confirm with their CDM duties
• Provide relevant information for the health and safety file
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 18
Designers - “Do not……”
• And never have been asked to control risk on site - they can only influence what is within their control
• Take into account unforeseeable hazards and risks
• Design for possible future uses of structures that cannot reasonably be anticipated from their design brief
• Specify construction methods, except where the design requires a particular construction sequence
• Exercise a health and safety management function over contractors or others
• Have to consider trivial risksCDM 2007 Designers – Slide 19
Designers – Key messages
• If you design or specify building work, then you are a designer with new duties under CDM
• Competent designers eliminate hazards and reduce risks – manage the risk, not the paperwork
• Design for safety and health for those that build, use, maintain and demolish – it’s safer by design
• Tell others about significant risks which remain – give the right information to the right people at the right time
CDM 2007 Designers – Slide 20