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Advisory committee
1. V. Narayanan Master, Chairman, Standing committee for-Education & Health, Dist. Panchayath, Kasaragod
2. George Joseph, Principal, DIET, Kasaragod3. V. Ramachandran, DDE, Kasaragod.4. Dr. P. Rajan, DPO, SSA, Kasaragod.5. G. K. Sreekandan Nair, AEO, Bekal.
Chief EditorGeorge Joseph, Principal, DIET, Kasaragod
EditorP. Bhaskaran, Lecturer, DIET, Kasaragod
Resource Team
1. P. Bhaskaran, Lecturer, DIET, Kasaragod2. Suresh Kokkot, Lecturer, DIET, Kasaragod3. N. K. Baburaj, HM, GLPS Kalanad Old
DTP, Layout & Coverpage DesignJayan G, Shyamlal
KpW\nehmcapff hnZym`ymkw Ip´nbpsS AhImiw
F∂ e£yw km¿∞Iam°p∂Xn\pff {]bmWØnemWt√m
\mw. \ΩpsS Hmtcm hnZymebtØbpw anIhm¿∂
{]h¿Ø\߃°mbn k÷am°nbm¬ am{Xta CXv
km[n°pIbpffq. Cu {]bmWØn¬ {]iv\ßfpw
{]Xnk‘nIfpw Gsd D≠mImw. hnZymebßfnse
KpW\nehmcw Db¿Øp∂Xn\mbn Hmtcm {]iv\sØbpw
AXmXnSßfn¬ AXmXv kabØv ]cnlcnt°≠Xp≠v.
hntI{μoIrX {]h¿Ø\Ønt‚bpw kq£vaXe
At\zjWØns‚bpw Hcp kwkv°mcw hnIkn∏n®m¬ am{Xta
\ΩpsS hnZymeb߃ KpW\nehmcØns‚ {]Xy£
ASbmfßfmbn amdpIbpffq.
icnbmbn Bkq{XWw sNbvX hnZymeb
{]h¿Ø\ßfneqsSbpw Nn´bmb AXns‚ \SØn∏neqsSbpw
am{Xta e£yØnte°v apt∂dm≥ Ignbq F∂v \mw
Xncn®dn™n´p≠v. Cu {]{InbbpsS A®pX≠mbn
{]h¿Ønt°≠Xv {][m\m[ym]IcmWv.
hnZym`ymk hIp∏v s]mXp hnZymebßsf
i‡ns∏SpØp∂Xn\pw KpW\nehmcØnte°v
Db¿Øp∂Xn\pw th≠n Ht´sd I¿Ω]≤XnIƒ
apt∂m´psh®ncn°pIbmWv.Cu h¿jw ss{]adnXew apX¬
lb¿sk°≠dnXew hscbpff Hmtcm Ip´ntbbpw _n
BapJw
t{KUntem AXn\p apIfntemDff ]T\ \nehmcØnte°v Db¿ØpI
F∂Xn\mWv Du∂¬. CXns‚ `mKambn A[ym]I¿°v 6 ZnhksØ
Ah[n°me ]cnioe\hpw {][m\m[ym]¿°v 2 ZnhksØ {]tXyI
]cnioe\hpw \¬IpIbp≠mbt√m, hnZymeb {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS
kakvXtaJeIfnepw KpWmflIambn CSs]Sm≥ {][m\m[ym]Isc
{]m]vXcm°m≥ D∂w sh®pffXmbncp∂p c≠p ZnhksØ ]cnioe\]cn]mSn.
Cu ]cnioe\ØneqsS e`n® ImgvN∏mSpIfpw [mcWIfpw Dƒs°m≠psIm≠v
Hcp am¿KtcJ cq]s∏SpØWw F∂v {][m\m[ym]I¿ ]cnioe\ kabØv
Bhiys∏SpIbp≠mbn. Cu Bhiyw IqSn ]cnKWn®mWv Cu am¿KtcJ
cq]s∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. CXnse D≈S°w s]mXpsh F√m hnZymeb߃°pw
D]tbmK{]ZamsW¶nepw apJyambpw D∂w sh°p∂Xv F¬.]n., bp.]n.
hnZymebßsfbmWv. {][m\m[ym]cpsS Iq´mbvatbmsS cq]s∏SpØnb Cu
am¿KtcJ hnZymebßfn¬ A°mZanI {]h¿Ø\߃ Bkq{XWw
sNøp∂Xnepw AXv \S∏n¬ hcpØp∂Xnepw IqSpX¬ sXfn®w \¬Ipsa∂v
{]Xo£n°p∂p.
tPm¿Pv tPmk^v
{]n≥kn∏mƒ,
Ub‰v, ImkdtKmUv.
kv°qƒ {]h¿Ø\߃ ^e{]m]vXnbn¬ FØn°p∂Xn¬
{][m\m[ym]IcpsS ]¶v hfsc hepXmWv. amdnhcp∂
kmlNcy߃°\pkcn®v Xs‚ kl{]h¿ØIscbpw
]TnXm°sfbpw apt∂m´p\bn°m≥sI¬∏p≈ Hcp
`cWm[nImcnbpw, A°mZanI t\Xmhpw, Bkq{XI\pw P\Iob\pw
Hs° Bbncn°Ww {]Ym\m[ym]I≥.
{][m\m[ym]IcpsS im‡oIcWØns‚ mKambmWv "Ub‰v'
Cu ssI∏pkvXIw ]pdØnd°p∂Xv. s]mXphnZym`ymk hIp∏v
apt∂m´psh°p∂ hnhn[ {]h¿Ø\߃ e{]Zambn \S∏nem°m≥
{]Ym\m[ym]I¿°v Cu ]pkvXIw Gsd klmbIcambncn°psa∂v
F\n°v Dd∏p≠v.
hn. \mcmbW≥ amÿ
sNb¿am≥
BtcmKy˛hnZym`ymk Ãm‚nwKv IΩ‰n
Pn√m ]©mbØv, Imk¿tKmUv
ktμiw
1. hnZymeb P\m[n]Xy thZn ............................................ 7
2. kv°qƒ ipNnXz BtcmKy]cn]mSn ............................. 14
3. D®`£W ]cn]mSn ............................................................ 17
4. imkv{Xh¿jw ]cn]mSnIƒ ........................................... 20
5. et_md´dn \hoIcWw .................................................... 26
6. sse{_dn \hoIcWw ....................................................... 28
7. ¢∫v {]h¿Ø\߃......................................................... 31
8. Zn\mtLmj߃ .................................................................. 33
9. Fkv.B¿.Pn./k_vPŒv Iu¨kn¬ .......................... 35
10. kv°qƒ ]n.Sn.F. .................................................................. 38
11. hnZymeb Pm{KXm kanXn ............................................... 42
12. kºq¿Æ BtcmKy ImbnI £aXm ]cn]mSn ...... 46
13. F®v.Fw. tamWn‰dnwKv ...................................................... 49
14. ]ncoUv Bkq{XWw .......................................................... 54
15. A\p_‘w
i. hnZymeb tamWn‰dnwKv Sqƒ ................................. 64
ii. ¢mkv tamWn‰dnwKv Sqƒ ......................................... 69
iii. t{]m{Kmw tamWn‰dnwKv t^m¿am‰v ..................... 70
iv. kvIqfn¬ kq£nt°≠ tcJIƒ .................... 71
v. D®`£W ]cn]mSn ˛ k¿°pe¿ ...................... 74
vi. kvIqƒ ]n.Sn.F. ˛ DØchv ................................... 77
vii. s]mXpNSßpIƒ ˛ DØchv ................................ 82
viii. hnhcmhImiw ˛ DØchv ...................................... 85
D≈S°w
tkmgvkv _p°v D]tbmKn°ptºmƒ
hnZym`ymk {]h¿Ø\߃ anIhp‰Xm°m\pff
am¿§\n¿t±ißfpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpamWv {][m\ambpw
CXnse DffS°w. CXns\ kzmwioIcn®v hnZymebØns‚
{]tXyIXIƒ IqSn ]cnKWn®v {]h¿Ø\ ]cn]mSnIƒ
Bkq{XWw sNbvXv \S∏nem°m\pff kzmX{¥yw
{][m\m[ym]I¿ {]tbmP\s∏SptØ≠XmW.v Cu tkmgvkv
_p°v Fßs\sbms° {]tbmP\s∏SpØmsa∂p t\m°mw.
hnZymeb Bhiy߃ Is≠Øp∂Xn\pw {]h¿Ø\
]cn]mSnIƒ Bkq{XWw sNøp∂Xn\pw Dff d^d≥kv
kma{Knbmbn.
A[ym]I¿°v Hmtcm L´Ønepw Bhiyamb
\n¿t±ißfpw klmbhpw \evIm≥
kvIqƒ/¢m v {]h¿Ø\߃ ^e{]Zambn tamWn‰¿
sNøm≥.
{][m\[ym]I≥ F∂ \nebn¬ ssZ\wZn\
{]h¿Ø\ßf Bkq{XWw sNøp∂Xn\v.
hnZymeb anIhn\mhiyamb X\Xv {]h¿Ø߃
I≠Øn Bkq{XWw sNøp∂Xn\v.
Db¿∂ Hm^oknte°v \¬Im\mbn hnZymeb
{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°m≥.
hnZymeb P\m[n]Xy thZn
]uc[¿Ωhpw P\m[n]Xy t_m[hpw hy‡nIfn¬
Du´nbpd∏t°≠Xv hnZymeßfn¬ sh®mWv. AhImi
t_m[tØmsS ISaIƒ \n¿Δln°m≥ Ignbp∂p F∂
A`nam\w hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v \¬Im≥ hnZymeb߃°v
IgnbWw. hnZymeb {]h¿Ø\ßfnse√mw hnZym¿∞nIfpsS
]¶mfnØw Dd∏p hcpØm\pw Ahkcw D≠mhWw. CXn\pff
]cnioe\ IfcnIfmWv bYm¿YØn¬ "kvIqƒ P\m[]Xy
thZn'.
hnZymebØnse apgph≥ ]mTy˛]mtTyXc {]h¿Ø\
ßfnepw XßfptSXmb DØchmZnXz߃ \ndth‰m≥ Ignbpw
hn[Øn¬ kvIqƒ ]m¿esa‚ v kwhn[m\w ]p\:{IaoIcn
t°≠Xp≠v. Ip´nIfn¬ ]uct_m[hpw P\m[n]Xy hnizmkhpw
hy‡nXz hnImkhpw t\Xrtijnbpw hf¿ØnsbSp°m≥ Ignbpw
hn[w hnZymeb {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ AhcpsS ]¶mfnØw
Dd∏m°p∂Xn\v hnZymeb P\m[n]Xy thZnIfneqsS IgnbWw.
KpWta≥abpff hnZym`ymkw Ip´nIfpsS AhImiamWv F∂
Xncn®dnhv hnZym¿∞nIfn¬ hf¿ØnsbSp°m\pw hnZymeb
P\m[n]Xy thZnbneqsS km[yamIWw. Ip´nIfpsS ]¶mfnØw
Dd∏m°ns°m≠v hnZymeb {]h¿Ø\߃ IqSpX¬
kpXmcyam°m≥ CXphgn Ignbpw.
9¢m v k`bpw ]m¿esa‚pw
hnZymeb P\m[n]Xy thZnbpsS ASnÿm\ LSIßfmWv ¢mkv k`Ifpw,
kvIqƒ ]m¿esa‚pw.
F¬. ]n. Xew ¢m v k`
Hmtcm ¢mkpw Hmtcm ¢mkv k`bmWv, ¢mknse Ip´nIƒ AXnse
AwKßfpw. P\m[n]Xy coXnbn¬ sXscs™Sp°s∏Sp∂ Hcp eoU¿ BWv
¢m v k`bpsS A[y£≥. Cu k`bn¬ \mev {Kq∏pIƒ D≠mIpw (\mep
hIp∏pIƒ).
1 ipNnXzw
2 IpSnshffw, `£Ww
3 A®S°w
4 IemImbnIw
¢mkv k`bnse Hmtcm {Kq∏ns‚bpw {]h¿Ø\߃ BgvNbnsemcp
XhWsb¶nepw hnebncpØs∏SWw. Ip´nIƒ°p Xs∂ hnebncpØm≥
klmbIcamb coXnbn¬ Hmtcm {]h¿Ø\taJebpambpw _‘s∏´
kqNI߃ Ip´nIfpsS IqSn ]¶mfnØtØmsS hnIkn∏nt°≠XmWv. CXv
Nm¿´n¬ FgpXn ¢m n¬ {]Z¿in∏n°Ww.
1. ipNnXzw
a. ¢mknepw ]cnkcØpw
¢mknepw ]cnkØpw N∏pNhdpIƒ hens®dn™n´n√.
N∏pNhdpIƒ CSm≥ Nh‰p Ip´ D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v.
F√m Znhkhpw ¢mkpw ]cnkchpw hrØnbm°p∂p≠v.
πmÃnIv amen\y߃ {]tXyIw Ipgnbn¬ \nt£]n°p∂p≠v.
amdmeIƒ, s]mSn ]Se߃, `£WmhinjvS߃ F∂nh C√msX
¢mkpw ]cnkchpw hrØnbmbn kq£n°p∂p≠v.
10b. hy‡n ipNnXzw
`£WØn\p apºpw tijhpw ssIbpw apJhpw
IgpIp∂p≠v.
F√mIp´nIfpw Ipfn®v hrØnbmbn´mWv hcp∂Xv.
\Jw sh´n hrØnbm°nbn´p≠v.
Ae°n hrØnbm°nb hkv{XamWv [cn°p∂Xv.
]√ptX®p hrØnbm°nbn´p≠v.
apSn NoIn hrØnbm°nbn´p≠v.
2. IpSnshffw, `£Ww
ip≤amb IpSnshffw F√mh¿°pw D]tbmKn°m≥ ]mIØn¬ D≠v,
shffØns‚ ]m{Xw F√m Znhkhpw IgpIn hrØnbm°p∂p≠v.
shffw BhiyØn\p am{Xw D]tbmKn°p∂p.
shffw sh°p∂ ]cnkcw ipNnbmbn kq£n®n´p≠v.
F√m Ip´nIfpw `£Ww Ign°p∂p≠v.
hrØnbpff ÿeØv kuIcyambn Ccp∂v `£Ww Ign°p∂p≠v.
`£Ww ]mgm°p∂n√.
3. A®S°w
Ccn∏nS߃ `wKnbmbpw Nn´bmbpw {IaoIcn®n´p≠v.
]pkvXI߃ ss_≥Up sNbvXv `wKnbmbn kq£n°p∂p≠v.
D]tbmKn°m≥ ]mIØn¬ t]\/s]≥kn¬/d∫¿/kvsIbn¬/t_mIvkv/
]pkvXIw F∂nh sIm≠ph∂n´p≠v.
_mKv, IpS F∂nh bYmÿm\Øv sh®n´p≠v.
Akwªnbn¬ ]s¶Sp°m≥ t]mIp∂Xpw Xncn®phcp∂Xpw XnI™
A®S°tØmsSbpw Iyq ]men®psIm≠pamWv.
¢mknse km[\ kma{KnIƒ, ]Tt\m]IcW߃, Nm¿´pIƒ F∂nh
BI¿jIambn {IaoIcn®´p≠v.
114. IemImbnIw
_mek` F√m BgvNbpw \n›nX Znhkw \S°p∂p≠v.
_mek`bnse hnhn[ ]cn]mSnIfn¬ F√m Ip´nIfpw hyXykvX
Ahkcßfnembn ]s¶Sp°p∂p≠v.
Ifn D]IcW߃ D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v, kq£n°p∂p≠v.
kvIqƒ Xe Iem/ImbnI tafbn¬ ¢mkns‚ ]¶mfnØw Dd∏m°p∂p≠v.
hnhn[ ImbnI {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ F√m Ip´nIfpw ]s¶Sp°p∂p≠v.
ta¬∏d™ hnebncpج kqNI߃ Hmtcm {Kq∏pw Gs‰SpØp \S∏n¬
hcptØ≠ {]h¿Ø\ kqNI߃ IqSnbmWv.
{Kq∏pIfpsS NpaXe Hmtcm amkhpw am‰mhp∂XmWv. Hmtcm {Kq∏ns‚bpw
{]h¿Ø\ßsf hnebncpØm\pff kqNI߃ Nm¿´nsegpXn ¢m n¬ Xq°Ww.
Hmtcm BgvNbnepw CXn¬ a‰p{Kq∏pIfpsS hnebncpج tcJs∏SpØWw.
CXn\p klmIcamb coXnbn¬ Nm¿´pIƒ Xømdm°mhp∂XmWv. Hcp amXrI
NphsS \¬Inbncn°p∂p.
kqNI߃
G.No..........Bgv® 1 Bgv® 3Bgv® 2 Bgv® 4
G.No.......... G.No.......... G.No..........
1 ¢mknepw ]cnkØpw
N∏pNhdpIƒ
hens®dn™n´n√.
2 N∏pNhdpIƒ CSm≥ Nh‰p
Ip´ D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v.
3 F√m Znhkhpw ¢mkpw
]cnkchpw
hrØnbm°p∂p≠v.
4 πmÃnIv amen\y߃
{]tXyIw Ipgnbn¬
\nt£]n°p∂p≠v.
5 amdmeIƒ, s]mSn ]Se߃,
`£WmhinjvS߃ F∂nh
C√msX ¢mkpw ]cnkchpw
hrØnbmbn kq£n°p∂p≠v.
5 points 3 points 0 point
RßfpsS ¢mkv ipNnXzap≈ ¢mkv
12¢mkv k` tNcptºmƒ
¢mkv So®dpsS km∂n[yØnte k` tNcmhq. a‰v A[ym]I¿°pw
c£nXm°ƒ°pw \nco£Icmbn ]s¶Sp°mhp∂XmWv. tbmK \S]SnIƒ
tcJs∏SpØn sht°≠XmWv. AwKßfpsS
tNmZy߃°v adp]Sn ]dbp∂Xpw \n¿t±i߃
kzoIcn®v ]≤Xn BhnjvIcn°p∂Xpw Hmtcm
hIp∏nsebpw a{¥namcmWv.
¢mkv k` bp.]n Xew
bp.]n kvIqfnepw k`bpsS A[y£≥ ¢mkv eoU¿ Xs∂. sXcs™Sp∏p
{]{InbIfpw \S]SnIfpw ]men®psIm≠mbncn°Ww ¢mkv eoUtdbpw
a{¥namtcbpw sXcs™Spt°≠Xv. tbmK\S]SnIƒ tcJs∏SpØp∂Xn\mbn
bp.]n. hnZymebßfn¬ ¢mkv k`bv°v Hmtcm sk{I´dnbpw D≠mIWw. {][m\
hIp∏pIƒ ChbmWv.
1 A®S°w
2 ipNnXzw, kuμcyh¬°cWw
3 hnZym`ymkw, Iem kmwkvImcnIw
4 ImbnIw, {]hrØn ]cnNbw
5 `£Ww, BtcmKyw
NpaXeIfpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw F¬.]n ¢mkv k`bn¬ \n¿t±in®h
Xs∂bmWv. Ch IqSmsX kuμcyh¬°cWw F∂Xv ¢mkns‚bpw AXphgn
samØw kvIqfns‚bpw kuμcyh¬°cWamWv e£yanSp∂Xv. hnZym`ymk {Kq∏v
¢mkv sse{_dn, hmb\maqe, _pff‰n≥ t_m¿Uv, ssIsøgpØv amknI
F∂nhbpsS D]tbmKhpw hnebncptØ≠Xp≠v.
¢mkv k`Ifpw kvIqƒ ]m¿esa‚pw amkØn¬ Hcp XhW tbmKw tN¿∂v
{]h¿Ø\߃ hnebncpØpIbpw `mhn]cn]mSnIƒ Bkq{XWw sNøpIbpw
thWw.
13kvIqƒ ]m¿esa‚ v
¢mkv eoU¿amcmWv kvIqƒ
]m¿esa‚nse Fw ]n am¿.
amkØn¬ H∂v F∂ tXmXnse¶nepw
kvIqƒ ]m¿esa‚ v hnfn®p tN¿°Ww.
Chcn¬ \n∂pw {][m\ a{¥nbpw, a‰p
a{¥namcpw sXcs™Sp°s∏SWw.
Bhiyapfft∏mƒ a{¥nam¿ ¢mkv
k`bnse _‘s∏´ a{¥namcpsS
tbmKw hnfn®p tN¿°Ww
kvIqƒ ]m¿esa‚n¬ bp.]n hn`mKØn¬ {]h¿Ø\ kuIcyØn\mbn
A©v hIp∏pIƒ D≠mbncn°p∂Xv \√Xmbncn°pw.
1 A®S°w
2 ipNnXzw, kuμcyh¬°cWw
3 hnZym`ymkw, Ie, kmwkvImcnIw
4 ImbnIw, {]hrØn]cnNbw
5 `£Ww, BtcmKyw
kvIqfnse a‰v ¢∫pIƒ Hmtcm a{¥nk`bptSbpw Iognembncn°pw.
kb≥kv ¢∫v
tkmjy¬ kb≥kv ¢∫v
KWnX ¢∫v
hnZymcwKw IemkmlnXythZnhnZym`ymkw, IemkmwkvImcnIw
hnZym`ymkw, Ie, kmwkvImcnIw
tKƒkv ¢∫v(Iuamcy Zo]nI)
]cnÿnXn¢∫v ˛ipNnXzw, kuμcyh¬°cWw
sl¬Øv ¢∫v ˛BtcmKyw, `£Ww
kvIu´v & ssKUvkv
_pƒ_pƒ ¢∫pIƒ A®S°w
sdUv t{Imkv
Cu coXnbnembncn°Ww {IaoIcWw.
14Hmtcm hIp∏ns‚bpw NpaXe Hc[ym]I\v/A[ym]nIbv°v.
kvIqƒ ]m¿esa‚nse an\n‰vknse {]k‡ `mK߃ {][m\[ym]I≥
kvIqƒ Akwªnbnepw, Ãm^v ao‰nßnepw AhXcn∏n°Ww.
kvIqƒ P\m[n]Xy thZn°v Hcp t\m´okv t_m¿Uv D≠mbncn°Ww.
hnZym¿∞nIfpsS s]mXp hnImcw Adnbp∂Xn\v P\m[n]Xy thZn°v
Hcp tNmZys∏´n ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv.
Xs‚ hoSpw ]cnkchpw hrØnbmbn kq£n°m≥ \mw
F{Xam{Xw ap≥ssIsbSp°p∂pthm A{Xbpw {]m[m\yw
kvIqfpw ]cnkchpw hrØnbm°p∂ ImcyØnepw \mw
ImWnt°≠Xp≠v. hy‡nipNnXzw Gsdbpff \mw ]cnkc
ipNnXzØns‚ ImcyØnepw Gsd {i≤nt°≠Xp≠v.
]cnkc ipNnXzw ]men°m\p≈ at\m`mhw Ip´nIfn¬
hf¿ØnsbSpt°≠Xp≠v. CXn\p≈ A\p`hßfpw \√
amXrIIfpw hnZymebßfn¬ D≠mIWw. hnZymebhpw
]cnkchpw ]cnkc ipNnXzØns‚ DØa amXrIIfm
bncn°Ww. CXv A[ym]Icpw Ip´nIfpw tN¿∂p≈ Hcp Iq´mb
bXv\Øns‚ ^eambncn°Ww. kv°qƒ ]cnkc
ipNnXzhpambn _‘s∏´v Fs¥ms° ImcyßfmWv
{][m\m[ym]I¿ Dd∏phcptØ≠sX∂v t\m°mw.
I°qkv, aq{X∏pc, ¢mkvapdn , ]mNIime
X p S ß n b h b p s S
A ‰ I p ‰ ∏ W n I ƒ
bYmkabw \SØp∂p.
(G{]n¬ sabv amkßfn¬
Xs∂)
kvIqƒ ipNnXz BtcmKy ]cn]mSn
16I°qkv/aq{X∏pcIfn¬ PehnXcW kwhn[m\˛ samcp°p∂p.
ItºmÃv Ipgn \n¿Ωn°p∂p/dnt∏¿ sNøp∂p.
ssPhamen\yw, AssPhamen\yw (πmÃnIv, teml߃, •m v,
D]IcWßfpsS AhinjvS߃, kndanIvkv..) c≠n\pw shtΔsd
kuIcyw.
F√m¢mknepw Nh‰pIp´, Nq¬, Im´wtImcn, Nhn´n XpSßnbh
Hcp°nbn´p≠v.
InW¿, Sm¶v ipNoIcn°p∂p, hebn´p
aqSp∂p.
Ãm^v apdn , Hm^okv apdn
ipNoIcn°p∂p. ^b¬, ]pkvXI߃,
a‰p kma{KnIƒ F∂nh Nn´bmbn ASp°n
sh°p∂p.
πmÃnIv amen\yap‡ hnZymebw F∂
e£yw {]mh¿ØnIam°p∂p.
t]mÿ, \n¿t±i߃ ASßnb
π°m¿Uv (in metal or in wooden sheet)
ÿm]n°p∂p.
ipNnXz ]cn]me\Øn¬ anI® ¢mkns\
sXcs™Sp°p∂p. kΩm\w \¬In
A`n\μn°p∂p.
¢mkv apdn, Hm^okv apdn, Ãm^v apdn
F∂nh Nn{X߃/t^mt´m, hN\߃
F∂nh sIm≠v Ae¶cn°p∂p.
kvIqƒ ]dºv tπm´pIfmbn Xncn®v
¢mkpIƒ°v ipNoIcW NpaXe
\¬Ip∂p.
]dºn¬ XW¬ ac߃ \´phf¿Øp∂p.
PetkN\˛kwc £W®paXe hn`Pn®p
\¬Ip∂p.
hrØnbpw shSn∏pap≈ ¢mkv
BtcmKyIcamb Hcp
]T\m¥co£w {]Zm\w
sNøp∂p. sNdnb
¢mkpIfnse Ip´nIƒ
¢mkpIfn¬ Xdbnepw a‰pw
Ccp∂mWt√m
]T\{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬
G¿s∏Sp∂Xv. AXpsIm≠v
Xs∂ ¢mkv s]mSnbn√msX
hrØnbmbn kq£n°Ww.
CXn\mbn...
¢mkn\v ]pdØv Nhn´n
sh°Ww (hrØnbp≈
Nm°mbmepw aXn)
sNcp∏v F√mhcpw
(A[ym]I≥ Dƒs∏sS
¢mkn\pshfnbn¬ \n›nX
ÿm\Øv kq£n°Ww.
¢mkn\IØv BhiyØn\v
]mb e`yam°Ww.
Aev]w {i≤n®m¬ \ap°v
CsXms°
sNømhp∂Xt√bp≈q.
17aen\ Pe \n¿Ωm¿÷\ kwhn[m\samcp°p∂p.
D®`£Ww ]mgm°p∂Xv XSbm\pff {IaoIcWw G¿s∏SpØp∂p.
t_m[h¬°cW ¢m pIƒ, knUn {]Z¿i\w, saUn°¬ IymºpIƒ,
ipNnXz BtcmKy t{]mPIvSpIƒ, k¿tΔ, sl¬Øv Im¿Uv F∂o
{]h¿Ø\߃ \S°p∂p.
kvIqƒXe ipNnXz {Kq∏pw, `£W˛ BtcmKy {Kq∏pw Gs‰Spt°≠
NpaXeIfmWv Ch. BtcmKy {Kq∏ns‚ an° {]h¿Ø\ßfpw Gs‰Sp°p∂Xv
kvIqƒ sl¬Øv ¢∫v Bbncn°pw.
tIcfØnse hnZymebßfn¬ D®`£W ]cn]mSn
Bcw`n®n´v h¿jßfmbn. t]mjImlmc Zmcn{Zyw \ΩpsS
kvIqƒ Ip´nIfnep≠v F∂v ]T\߃ sXfnbn°p∂p.
AXpsIm≠pXs∂ D®`£Ww t]mjIkar≤ amth≠Xv
A\nhmcyamWv. Acnbpw ]bdpw am{Xw thhn®p \¬Ip∂
coXnbn¬ am‰w h∂psh¶nepw C∂pw kvIqfpIfn¬
\¬Inhcp∂ `£Ww t]mjI kar≤sa∂v AhImis∏Sm≥
hø. CtXmS\p_‘ambn ]mNIw, hnXcWw XpSßn Ht´sd
taJeIfn¬ \hoIcWw BhiyamWv.
Fs¥ms° {i≤n°Ww?
]mNI°mc≥ hy‡nipNnXzsØ°pdn®v \∂mbn
Adn™ncn°Ww.
Ch¿°v {]mb]cn[n \n›bn°p∂Xv \√XmWv.
`£W AhinjvS߃ aÆnc ItºmÃv Ipgnbn¬
\nt£]n°mw. Ch hfamIptºmƒ kvIqƒ
]®°dntØm´Øntem a‰v
Irjn BhiyØnt\m
D]tbmKn°mw.
`£W ]mNIØnse
ipNnXzw Dd∏phcpØm≥
D®`£W ]cn]mSn
19Hmtcm Znhkhpw ]nSnF/Fw]nSnF AwKßfpsS km∂n[yw Dugan´v
G¿s∏SpØmhp∂XmWv. hn`h߃ tiJcn°p∂ ImcyØnepw Cu Dugw
\n›bn°mw. ¢m v ]nSnFbn¬ Cu Imcyw N¿® sNbvXv Hmtcm
¢m nt‚bpw Fw]nSnFbv°v NpaXe G¬∏n°Ww. ipNnXzhpw
t]mjWhpw Dd∏p hcpØm≥ CXv klmbn°pw.
AS®pd∏pw ipNnXzhpapff ASp°f D≠mbncn°Ww.
ssI IgpIn `£Ww Ign°pI F∂Xv Hcp ioeamIWw.
aen\Pe amt\Ppsa‚ v icnbmbn \n¿hln°Ww. IgpIp∂ shffw Nc¬
]qgn apXembh \nd® Sm¶neqsS ISØnhn´v Acn®tijw Irjn
BhiyØn\v D]tbmKn°mhp∂XmWv.
Kh¨sa‚ v kvIqfpIfn¬ tÃm¿ dqw
]©mbØpIfpsS sabn‚\≥kv
^≠p]tbmKn®v \n¿Ωn°mw.
`£yhkvXp°ƒ AS®pd∏pff
]m{Xßfntem, Fen IbdmØhn[w
AS®pd∏pff apdnbntem kq£n°Ww.
`£Ww Ign°m\p]tbmKn°p∂
sπbn‰pIƒ F∂pw IgpIn hrØnbm°p∂p
F∂pd∏phcpØWw. sπbn‰pIƒ
sIm≠phcp∂ps≠∂v Dd∏phcpØm≥
AΩam¿ {i≤n°Ww.
`£W hnXcWØn\v A≤ym]I¿ Xs∂
ta¬t\m´w hln°Ww.
`£Ww Ign°p∂Xn\v hrØnbpffXpw
kuIcy {]Zhpamb CSw Ip´nIƒ°v
\¬Im≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n°Ww. {]tXyI
`£Wime C√mØnSØv kz¥w
Ccn∏nSØn¬ Ccp∂p Xs∂ `£Ww
Ign°s´.
ip≤amb IpSnshffw e`yam°Ww.
Ch Ip´nIfpsS AhImi
\ntj[amW,v {IqcXbmWv
Zo¿Lt\cw `£W˛
Øn\mbn Iyq \n¿Ø¬
NqSpff D®`£Ww
ssIønse ]m{XØn¬
hnfºn\¬I¬
`£WØn\mbn sNdnb
¢m nse Ip´nIƒ Zqcw
k©cn°¬
CSpßnb hcm¥bnepw
hrØnbn√mØ ÿeØpw
Ccp∂v £Ww Ign°¬.
20I™nshffw IpSn°p∂Xv t{]m’mln∏n°Ww. ]©mbØpIfpsS
Du¿Panj≥ t{]mPIvSpIfn¬s∏SpØn kvIqfpIfn¬ tkmfm¿ hm´¿ lo‰¿
ÿm]n°m≥ Ignbpw.
]mNIw, hnXcWw, kmºØnIw, tamWn‰dnwKv XpSßn F√m
taJeIfnepw ]nSnFbpsS ]¶mfnØw Dd∏m°Ww.
D®`£W]cn]mSnbpsS samØw \SØn∏pw \nb{¥Whpw hm¿Uv saº¿
sNb¿am\mbpff D®`£W°Ωn‰n°mWv.
kvIqƒ ]®°dntØm´ßƒ hym]Iam°Ww.
amkmamkw \S°p∂ D®`£W°Ωn‰n AhtemI\tbmKØn¬
slUvamÿ/NpaXebpff A[ym]I≥ Imcy߃ AhXcn∏n°Ww.
sa®s∏SpØm\pff \n¿t±i߃ N¿® sNøWw.
kvIqƒ ]m¿esa‚nse `£Ww˛BtcmKy {Kq∏ns‚ Iognembncn°pw
CXns‚ {]h¿Ø\߃. kvIqƒ ]m¿esa‚ v Hmtcm amkhpw tbmKw
tN¿∂v D®`£W ]cn]mSn sa®s∏SpØm\pff \n¿tZi߃
cq]s∏SpØn Nm¿Ppff A[ym]nIsb Adnbn°Ww.
imkv{X h¿jw{]tXyI ]cn]mSnIƒ
A¥mcmjv{S tPymXnimkv{X h¿jambn 2009
BNcn°s∏SpIbmWv. Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ Ip´nIfn¬ imkv{Xob
at\m`mhw D≠m°nsbSp°pI F∂ e£ytØmsS
"Keoentbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv' F∂ {]tXyI ]cn]mSn
hnZymebßfn¬ \S∏nem°pIbmWv. CXns‚ `mKambn
hnZymebßfn¬ Gs‰SpØp \StØ≠ {]h¿Ø\߃,
]cn]mSnIƒ Nneh C\n ]dbp∂p.
BgvNbn¬ \n›nX Znhkw XmsgImSpØhbn¬
GsX¶nepw Hcp ]cn]mSn hoXw \SØmhp∂XmWv
kvIqƒem_v D]IcWßfpsS {]Z¿i\w
BgvNbn¬ HcpZnhkw imkv{X ]co£Ww
imkv{X⁄≥amsc°pdn®pff kvIn‰ v/
PohNcn{XIpdn∏v AhXcWw XpSßnbh
2. sSekvtIm∏v \n¿ΩmW Ifcn
3. tPymXnimkv{X Iymºv
hm\\nco£Ww
imkv{X amPn°pIƒ/
eLp]co£W߃
kn.Un {]Z¿i\w XpSßnb
]cn]mSnIƒ
224 tPymXnimkv{X Ie≠¿ cq]oIcW {]h¿Ø\߃
5 imkv{X IemPmYIƒ
kwKoX inev]߃, eLp \mSI߃
]mh\mSI߃, imkv{X KoX߃....
6 KWnXw, imkv{Xw, kmaqlyimkv{Xw F∂nhbn¬ Du∂¬ \¬In.
_meimkv{X tIm¨{K v t{]mPIvSv AhXcWw(kvIqƒXew)
At\zjW hnjb߃
{]mtZinI Ncn{X cN\
{]mtZinI `qanimkv{X ]T\w
{]tZisØ aW¬
hnhn[bn\w ]mdIƒ
kky P¥p sshhn[yw XpSßnbh Is≠ØpIbpw Xcw Xncn®v
tcJs∏SpØepw, AhbpsS ]T\hpw
KWnXimkv{X amKkn≥
IW°nse IfnIƒ
IpkrXnIW°pIƒ
KWnX]T\w ckIcam°¬
KWnXw \nXy PohnXØn¬
Ip´nIfpsS a‰v krjvSnIƒ
Ch IqSmsX k¿Δin£m A`nbm≥ apt∂m´p sh°p∂ {]h¿Ø\
Ie≠¿ NphsS tN¿°p∂p.
Pq¨ 2009
1. imkv{Xw, KWnXw, kmaqlyimkv{Xw F∂nh ssIImcyw sNøp∂
A[ym]I¿°v {]tXyI ]cnioe\w˛ 100 XoapIfpambn _‘s∏´ kn.Un
hnXcWw
2. kb≥kv, KWnXw, kmaqlyimkv{Xw F∂o hnjbßfpambn _‘s∏ v
]T\ t_m[\ coXn, em_v, ¢∫pIƒ F∂nhbpsS Ahÿm]T\w
(Ub‰pIfpsS t\XrXzØn¬)
3. Ip´nIƒ°v tPymXnimkv{Xhpambn _‘s∏´v {]o sSkv‰pIƒ.
234. kb≥kv, KWnXw, kmaqlyimkv{Xw ¢∫pIƒ hnhn[ ]cn]mSnItfmsS
kPoham°¬.
5. em_v, sse{_dn kPoham°¬.
6. tPymXn¿ tKmf߃, {]IrXn {]Xn`mk߃, tZiob, {]mtZinI
`qanimkv{Xw F∂nhbpambn _‘s∏´v 100 ]co£W {]h¿Ø\߃,
Ncn{Xmt\zjW߃F∂nh ASßnb h¿°p_p°pIƒ Ip´nIƒ°v
e`yam°epw, {]h¿Ø\߃ \S∏m°epw.
7. h¿°p_p°pIƒ \nc¥c hnebncpØens‚ `mKambn ]cnKWn°¬.
8. KWnXw, kb≥kv, kmaqlyimkv{Xw F∂o hnjbßfn¬ Pn√mXe
A[ym]I Iq´mbvaIƒ cq]oIcn°¬˛{]Xnamk HØptNc¬.
9. kb≥kv ¢∫v, tkmjy¬ kb≥kv ¢∫v, KWnX ¢∫v, hnZym`ymk
Pn√msk{I´dnam¿, D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk sk{I´dnam¿, kvt]m¨k¿am¿
F∂nh¿°pff ]cnioe\w˛XpS¿∂v c≠p amkØnsemcn°¬ GIZn\
inev]imeIƒ˛{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS hnebncpج
10. h¿°v _p°nse Pq¨ amk {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWw/^oUv
_m°v tiJcWw.
11. tPymXnimkv{X Ie≠dpIƒ F√m ¢mknepw FØn°p∂p.
Pqsse 2009
1. kqcy{KlWw \nco£n°m≥ Solar FilterIfpsS \n¿amWw/¢m pIƒ.
2. Pqsse 22 `mKnI kqcy{KlWw t\cn´v \nco£n°¬.
3. Nm{μbm\ skan\mdpIƒ˛Pqsse 21˛\v F√m ]©mbØpIfnepw/
kvIqfpIfnepw/Pn√mtI{μßfnepw.
4. sSenkvtIm∏v \n¿amW coXnIƒ
5. hoUntbm PmYIƒ
6. h¿°p _p°nse Pqsse amkØnse {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWw/
^oUv _m°v tiJcWw
BKÃv 2009
1. Keoentbm kb≥kv HfnºymUpIƒ˛_n.B¿.kn/Pn√mXew
242. kvIqƒXe/_n.B¿.kn Xe Keoentbm _meimkv{X tIm¨{K pIƒ/
Iznkv ]cn]mSn.
3. \£{X \nco£W klhmk IymºpIƒ.
4. A[ym]I ]cnio\߃
5. Ncn{Xmt\zjW߃.
6. h¿°v _p°nse BKÃv amk{]hcØ\ßfpsS ]q¿ØnIcWw/^oUv
_m°v If£≥
sk]v‰w_¿ 2009
1. Pn√mXe Keoentbm _meimkv{X tIm¨{K pIƒ
2. tkmW¬Xe (Hcp Pn√bn¬ 5 FÆw) Keoentbm kb≥kv
HfnºymUpIƒ.
3. h¿°v _p°v ^oUv _m°v tiJcWw
4. kvIqƒXe kb≥kv s^bdpIƒ
HIvtSm_¿/\hw_¿ 2009
1. kwÿm\Xe Keoentbm _meimkv{X tIm¨{K v
2. h¿°v _p°v ^oUv _m°v tiJcWw
3. N{μbm≥ H∂mw hm¿jnIw
Unkw_¿ 2009
1. Keoentbm kb≥kv HfnºymUv˛kwÿm\ Xew
2. KthjWÿm]\ßfnte°v ^o¬Uv {Sn∏pIƒ
3. Keoentbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv kzm[o\ ]T\w
4. Ip´nIƒ°v t]mÃv sSÃv
5. A[ym]I ]cnioe\w
2010 P\phcn/s^{_phcn/am¿®v
1. Ip´nIƒ kaqlhpambn AdnhpIƒ ]¶phbv°p∂p˛hn⁄m\°fcnIƒ
2. Keoentbm Ahm¿Uv hnXcWw
3. Dev]∂ {]Z¿i\߃
254. t\´ßfpsS hn\nabw ˛kwÿm\Xe skan\m¿
5. 2010˛2011 h¿jtØbv°pff {]h¿Ø\ ]mt°Pv Xømdm°¬.
IqSmsXF√mBgvNIfnepw kvIqfn¬ Ip´nIƒ°v Hcpan®v tIƒ°m\pw
kwhZn°m\pw km[n°pwhn[w kab{Iaw ]men®psIm≠v tdUntbm
kwt{]jW߃.
_n.B¿.kn.Xe kb≥kv tPWepIƒ
Zn\mNcW߃
t^m¨ C≥ t{]m{KmapIƒ
{]Xnamk Pn√mXe X\Xp {]h¿Ø\߃
hnhn[ hnjbßfpsS ka\zbw
1. kmaqlyimkv{Xw
a. Ncn{X ]T\w
imkv{XImc≥amcpsS PohNcn{Xw
AhcpsS KthjW߃
Ah¿ t\cn´ {]Xnk‘nIƒ/G‰pap´epIƒ Chsb°pdn®pff
At\zjW߃
Poh]cnWmasØ°pdn®pff At\zjW߃
am\hNcn{XØnse Hmtcm ImeL´ßfnsebpw
kwkvImcsØ°pdn®pff At\zjW߃
Hmtcm ImeL´Ønepw imkv{X ]ptcmKXn°p klmbn® LSI߃
/XS s∏SpØnb LSI߃
sXmgnepw imkv{Xhpw˛b{¥ßfpsS Is≠ØepIfpsS Ncn{Xw
XpSßnbh.
b. `uaimkv{Xw
{]mtZinI hn`hßsf°pdn®pff ]T\w
aÆv, ag, \ZnIƒ, sXmgnepIƒ
{]IrXn {]Xn`mkßfpsS \nco£Ww/Ahbv°m[mcamb
26LSßsf°pdn®pff At\zjW߃.
Irjnbpw Imemhÿbpw XpSßnbh
2. KWnXw
tPymXnimkv{X ]T\Ønse F√m ]co£Wßfnepw, \nco£W
{]h¿Ø\ßfnepw Ip´nIƒ°v Ah¿ ]Tn® KWnXmib߃ {]tbmKn°m≥
Ignbpw. ]pXnb KWnXmib߃ ]Tn°m\pw [mcmfw Ahkcßfp≠v. Zqcw,
ÿm\w, thKX, Dbcw, kabw, FÆw, hen∏w. LS\ F∂nhbnse√mw
KWnXmib߃ IS∂phcmw. k¶o¿Æamb KWnXmibßfpw Nnet∏mƒ
IS∂phcmw. Chsb√mw Xs∂ efnXambn ]Tn°m\pw {]tbmKn°m\pw Ahkcw
e`n°p∂p.
et_md´dn \hoIcWw
]pXnb ]mTy ]≤Xn A\pimkn°p∂ hn[Øn¬
Adnhns‚ \n¿ΩmW {]{Inbbv°v Du∂¬ \¬In ]T\w
^e{]ZamIWs¶n¬ hnZymebßfn¬ anI® et_md´dnIƒ
Hcpt°≠Xp≠v. imkv{X ]T\Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ Cu
A[yb\ h¿jmcw`Øn¬ Xs∂ et_md´dn \hoIcW
{]h¿Ø\߃ XpStß≠Xp≠v.
♦ apgph≥ sslkvIqƒ/lb¿sk°≥UdnIfnepw
kpk÷amb et_md´dnIƒ Dd∏m°pI F∂XmWv
e£yw.
♦ F√m bp.]n kvIqfpIfnepw ss{]adn Xew hscbpff
imkv{X]T\Øn\p tbmPn® hn[Ønepff
et_md´dnIƒ
♦ F√m F¬.]n kvIqfpIfnepw eLp]co£W߃
Gs‰SpØv sNøp∂Xn\pff kuIcytØmSp IqSnb
]co£W aqeIƒ D≠mIWw.
♦ kvIqƒ XeØn¬
sNømhp∂ {]h¿Ø\߃
♦ kvIqfn¬ {]tXyI
NpaXe°msc \n›bn°pI.
(F¬.]n.bn¬ Dƒs∏sS),
28sslkvIqfpIfn¬ NpaXe°mcpsS t\XrXzØn¬ (4˛5 t]¿) ASßp∂
et_md´dn IΩn‰n cq]oIcn°¬
♦ UP/HS {]tXyI et_md´dn dqw Hcpt°≠XmWv.
♦ LPbn¬ \nehn¬ A[nI ¢m dqw kuIcyaps≠¶n¬ em_v Bbn
{IaoIcn°Ww./]co£W aqeIƒ Hcp°Ww.
♦ Pq¨ amkØn¬ Xs∂ \nehnepff D]IcWßfpsSbpw
cmkhkvXp°fpsSbpw tÃm°v hnebncpØn BhiyambhbpsS enÃv
Xømdm°¬
♦ PTA , Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS klmbtØmsS
\hoIcW{]h¿Ø\߃ Bcw`n°¬
♦ LP/UP/HS hnZymebßfn¬ Hmtcm¢mknepw imkv{X ]mThpambn
_‘s∏´v, Hmtcmamkhpw Gs‰SpØv \SØmhp∂ ]co£WßfpsS
enÃv, Bhiyamb kma{KnIfpsS enÃv F∂nh ap≥Iq´n Xømdm°Ww.
♦ PTA/]©mbØv ^≠n¬ \nt∂m So®¿ {K‚n¬ \nt∂m XpI Is≠Øn
D]IcW߃/imkv{X ]pkvXI߃ F∂nh hm߬.
♦ imkv{X ]pkvXI߃ Ip´nIƒ°v \¬IpIbpw imkv{X ¢∫ns‚
t\XrXzØn¬ Ip´nIfpsS imkv{X Iev]nX IYIƒ (Science Fiction)
{]kn≤oIcn°mhp∂XpamWv.
♦ t\ctØ Xømdm°nb enÃns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ ]co£W
kma{KnIfpw D]IcWßfpw ap≥Iq´n Hcp°¬(]co£W aqe)
♦ em_v D]IcW߃ kq£n®p sh°p∂Xn\mhiyamb ^¿Wn®¿
PTAbpsS klmbtØmsS Hcp°mhp∂XmWv.
♦ a‰v kvIqfpIfnse anI® em_v kμ¿in®v em_v sk‰v sNtø≠ hn[w
a\ nem°mhp∂XmWv. CXn\mbn hnZKv≤cmb A[ym]IcpsS klmbw
tXSWw.
♦ \hoIcn® et_md´dnIfpsS DZvLmS\w/{]Jym]\w \SØmhp∂XmWv.
sse{_dn \hoIcWw
Cu h¿jw hnZymebØn¬ \S∏nem°p∂ sse{_dn
\hoIcW {]h¿Ø\ßfpw hmb\m {]h¿Ø\ßfpw
SRGbn¬ N¿® sNbvXv [mcWbmIWw. BXy¥nIambn Hmtcm
Ip´ntbbpw ]T\ anIhnte°v \bn°p∂ hn[Øn¬ Hcp
t{]mPIvS v coXnbn¬ Xs∂ hmb\m {]h¿Ø\ßfpw
A\p_‘ {]h¿Ø\ßfpw Bkq{XWw sNøWw.
{]h¿Ø\߃
sabv amkØn¬ Xs∂ sse{_dnbpsS ASnÿm\
kuIcy߃ k÷am°¬
]pkvXI߃ C\w Xncn®v ASp°¬
sj¬^v/dm°v A‰Ip‰∏Wn Xo¿°¬
]pkvXI߃ Im‰temKn¬/cPnÃdn¬ Dƒs∏Spج
AXmXp ¢mknte°p th≠ ]pkvXI߃ am‰nsh°¬
sse{_dnbpsS {]h¿Ø
NpaXeIƒ hn`Pn°¬
P\d¬ sset{_dn
b\mbn Hcp A[ym]
I\v NpaXe \¬I¬
30¢mkvXe ItÃmUnb≥amcmbn ¢mkv So®¿°v NpaXe \¬I¬
¢mkvXe sset{_dnb≥amcmbn Ip´nIsf sXcs™Sp°¬
¢m v sse{_dnIƒ k÷am°¬
Hmtcm ¢mknepw ]pkvXI߃ kq£n°m≥ sj¬^v/dm°v D≠v F∂v
Dd∏n°¬
Ip´nIfpsS ]¶mfnØtØmsS ]pkvXI߃ C\wXncn®v ASp°n sh°¬
Ip´nIfpsS ]¶mfnØtØmsS cPnÿ/Im‰temKv Xømdm°¬
]pkvXI hnXcW cPnÿ ˛ HmtcmIp´n°pw Hmtcm t]Pv \¬In
Xømdm°¬
hmb\mapdn Hcp°¬ (kvIqfn\p s]mXphmbn)
kuIcyapff Hcp apdn Is≠ج
BI¿jIambn k÷oIcn°¬
]{Xw/B\pImenIw kvt]m¨k¿ sNøn°¬
hmb\mapdnbpsS NpaXe G¬∏n°¬
hmb\m\p_‘ {]h¿Ø\߃
sse{_dn ]pkvXIßfpsS {]Z¿i\w
]pkvXI `mK߃ ssa°neqsS hmbn®p
tIƒ∏n°¬
BkzmZ\°pdns∏gpØv a’cw
]nd∂mƒ ]pkvXI kΩm\ ]≤Xn XpS߬
ssZzhmc ]pkvXI N¿® XpS߬
hnZymcwKw IemkmlnXythZnbn¬
A[ym]nIbpw Ip´nIfpw hmb\m\p`hw
]¶psh°¬, ]pkvXI ]cnNbw \Sج
Ip´nIƒ hmbn® ]pkvXIßfpsS FÆw
¢m v sset{_dnb≥ tcJs∏Spج. G‰hpw
IqSpX¬ ]pkvXI߃ hmbn®Xmcv? Hmtcm
amkhpw hnebncpج.
hmb\ \nc¥cw
t{]m’mln∏n°s∏SWw.
]pkvXI߃ Hmtcm
Ip´n°pw e`n°p≠v F∂v
Dd∏p hcpØWw.
s ] m X p h m b n
D ] t b m K n t ° ≠
] p k v X I ß f p w
d ^ d ≥ k k v
]pkvXIßfpw kvIqƒ
sse{_dnbn¬ \n∂v
I p ´ n I ƒ ° v
e`yamt°≠XmWv.
31hmb\m°pdn∏pIfpsS {]kn≤oIcWw
Ip´nIfpsS krjvSnIƒ {]kn≤oIcn°¬.
FgpØpImcpambn kwhZn°m\hkcw \¬I¬.
{]tZinI sse{_dnbnse AwKXzw t{]m’mln∏n°¬˛hnhn[
]cn]mSnIƒ kwbp‡ambn kwLSn∏n°¬.
sse{_dn \hoIcW {]h¿Ø\ßfpw hmb\m{]h¿Ø\ßfpw HM
\nc¥cw tamWn‰¿ sNøWw, Hmtcm amkhpw hnebncpØs∏SpIbpw thWw.
¢∫v {]h¿Ø\߃
]TnXm°fpsS ka{KhnIk\Øn\v kvIqƒ ¢∫pIƒ°v
\n¿WmbI ]¶v hln°m≥ Ignbpw. kmaqly
ImgvN∏mSneq∂nb hy‡nXz hnIk\w km[yam°p∂Xn\pw
]mTy]≤Xn hn`mh\w sNøp∂ Dt±iy߃ ^e{]m]vXnbn¬
FØn°p∂Xn\pw ¢∫v {]h¿Ø\߃ A\nhmcyamWv.
icnbmb ImgvN∏mtSmsS IrXyamb Bkq{XWØneqsS
hnZymeßfn¬ ¢∫v {]h¿Ø\߃ \StØ≠Xp≠v.
{]h¿Ø\߃/am¿§\n¿t±i߃
SRG tN¿∂v hnZymebØn¬ cq]oIcnt°≠ ¢∫pIƒ,
NpaXeIƒ, {]h¿Ø\ ]cn]mSnIƒ F∂nh
BtemNn°¬
Hmtcm ¢∫n\pw tIm˛HmUnt\‰dmbn Hmtcm So®sd
NpaXes∏Spج.
Pq¨ amkØn¬ Xs∂
hnhn[ ¢∫pIfpsS
cq]oIcWhpw {]h¿˛
Ø\ßfpsS XpS°hpw
Dd∏p hcpØWw.
33hnZymcwKw IemkmlnXythZn, imkv{X¢∫v, kmaqlyimkv{X¢∫v,
KWnX¢∫v, ]cnÿnXn¢∫v, sl¬Øv ¢∫v, tPWenkw ¢∫v XpSßnb
hnhn[ ¢∫pIƒ (bp ]n/sslkvIqƒ) cq]oIcn°Ww. ChbpsS
GtIm]\w Dd∏mt°≠XmWv.
F¬ ]n hn`mKØn\v _mek`, imkv{X¢∫v, sl¬Øv¢∫v,
ipNnXzBtcmKy ¢∫v {]h¿Ø\߃ \SØmw.
Ip´nIsf°qSn ]¶mfnIfm°ns°m≠v ¢∫ns‚ hm¿jnI ]≤Xn
cq]oIcn°Ww.
Hmtcm ¢∫n\pw klmbnIfmbn ]mc‚ v Iu¨kn¬, ]n. Sn. F
FIvknIyq´nhv F∂nhbn¬\n∂v klmbnIsf \n›bn°Ww.
¢∫v {]h¿Ø\߃ kaqlØnseØn°p∂Xn\v tPWenkw ¢∫ns‚
B`napJyØn¬ amkØn¬ Hcp ]{Xw {]kn≤oIcn°mhp∂XmWv.
¢∫pIƒ Gs‰SpØp \SØp∂ {]h¿Ø\߃ GsX¶nepw Hcp
]mTy]≤Xn {]h¿Ø\Øn\v A\p]qcIamIWw.
F√m Ip´nIfpw Ah¿°v XmXv]cyapff GsX¶nepw Hcp ¢∫nse¶nepw
AwKambncn°Ww. A¥¿apJcmb Ip´nIfn¬ Bflhnizmkw hf¿Øn
apJ[mcbnte°v sIm≠phcp∂Xn\v Ahsc t_m[]q¿Δw ¢∫v
{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]s¶Sp∏n°Ww.
¢∫ns‚ ^e{]Zamb \SØn∏n\v Hcp sNdnb IΩn‰n
cq]oIcn°mhp∂XmWv. CXn¬ hnhn[ ¢mkpIfnse hnZym¿∞nIfpsS
{]mXn\n[yw Dd∏p hcpØWw. Hcp I¨ho\sdbpw tPm. I¨ho\sdbpw
sXcs™Sp°Ww. Chcn¬ Hcmsf¶nepw s]¨Ip´nbmbncn°s´.
¢∫pIƒ°v Hmtcm _pff‰n≥ t_m¿Uv ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv.
34_mek`
_mek`m{]h¿Ø\߃ Ip´nIƒ Xs∂
\nb{¥n°s´. BgvNbn¬ \n›nX Znhkw \SØp∂
_mek`bn¬ sshhn[yam¿∂ {]h¿Ø\߃°v
CSw \¬IWw. Ip´nIfpsS Iem]cn]mSnIƒ, ImbnI
{]h¿Ø\߃, krjvSn]camb {]h¿Ø\߃,
\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø\߃, A`n\b {]m[m\yapff
{]h¿Ø\߃, hnhn[ ¢∫pIfpambn _‘s∏´ A\p_‘ {]h¿Ø\߃
XpSßnbh \S°Ww. A[ym]Is‚ Akm∂n[yØn¬ ]cnioe\w e`n®
AΩam¿°pw _mek`Iƒ \SØm\hkcw \¬Imhp∂XmWv.
Zn\mtLmj߃
Hmtcm h¿jhpw BtLmjnt°≠/BNcnt°≠
hntij Znhk߃ ap≥Iq´n \n›bn®v cq]s∏SpØWw.
CØcw {]h¿Ø\߃ an°hbpw ]T\{]h¿Ø\ßfmIm≥
{]tXyIw {i≤n°Ww. A√mØ {]h¿Ø\߃
\SØp∂Xpaqew ]T\kabw \jvSs∏SpØp∂n√
F∂pd∏phcpØWw.
Fs¥ms° {i≤n°Ww?
Zn\mtLmj߃ Fkv.B¿.Pn bn¬ ap≥Iq´n N¿®
sNøWw. hnhn[ NpaXeIƒ A[ym]I¿°v/]n.Sn.F
AwK߃°v/¢∫pIƒ°v/Ip´nIƒ°v hoXn®p \¬IWw.
Hmtcm hntijZn\hpambn _‘s∏´p \SØp∂
{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS hniZmwiw Nm¿÷pff
A[ym]nIbn¬ \n∂pw FgpXn hmßWw. Cu tcJbpsS
ASnÿm\Øn¬ slUvamÿ temKv _p°n¬ Ch
tcJs∏SpØpWw. ^≠v
Bhiyapff {]h¿Ø\߲
fn¬ ^≠ns‚ tiJcWw,
hn\ntbmKw F∂nh SRG/
Ãm^v Iu¨kn¬/]n.Sn.F
F∂nhbn¬ N¿® sNøWw.
36tamWn‰dnwKv t^m¿am‰v D]tbmKn®v slUvamÿ {]h¿Ø\߃ tamWn‰¿
sNø¬.
Zn\mtLmjsØ/Zn\mNcWsØ ASpØ Fkv B¿.Pn tbmKØn¬
hnebncpØpWw. {]h¿Ø\ hnPbw ssIhcn®Xn¬ A[ym]Iscbpw
Ip´nIsfbpw A`n\μn°¬, sa®s∏Spج \n¿t±i߃ \¬I¬.
khntijamb {]h¿Ø\߃ am[yaßfn¬ {]kn≤oIcn°m\p≈
NpaXe G¬∏n°Ww.
tUmIypsat‚j≥ \SØm≥ Bhiyamb tcJIƒ tUmIypsat‚js‚
NpaXebpff A[ym]Is\ G¬∏n°¬.
kvIqfnse samØw {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS tUmIypsas‚j≥ NpaXe
Hc[ym]nIbv°v/A[ym]I\v \¬IWw. {]h¿Ø\߃°ptijw
Nm¿÷pff A[ym]nI slUvamÃsd G¬∏n°p∂ {]h¿Ø\ dnt∏m¿´v
tUmIypsat‚j\p th≠n D]tbmKn°Ww.
tUmIypsat‚j\v D]tbmKn°p∂ t^mt´mIƒ kvIqƒ _pff‰n≥
t_mUn¬ {]Z¿in∏n°¬.
CØcw tUmIypsat‚j≥ CPTA/PTA tbmKßfn¬ AwK߃°v
hmbn°m≥/ImWm≥ e`yam°Ww.
Fkv.B¿.Pn/k_vPIvSv Iu¨kn¬
kvIqfnse A°mZanI {]h¿Ø\߃ N¿®
sNøp∂Xn\pw kq£vaXeØn¬ Bkq{XWw
sNøp∂Xn\papff thZnbmWv Fkv.B¿.Pn. hnjbXeØnse
N¿®Ifpw Bkq{XWhpw k_vPIvSv Iu¨knen¬ (UP/HS)
\S°Ww
sabv Ahkm\ BgvNbn¬ Xs∂ Fkv.B¿.Pn
I¨ho\¿amscbpw k_vPIvS v Iu¨kn¬
I¨ho\¿amscbpw sXcs™SpØv {]h¿Ø\w
Bcw`n°Ww. (Hcp tSw Ign™m¬ ]pXnb S.R.G.
I¨ho\sd sXcs™Sp°p∂Xv A`nImayw)
F√m BgvNbnepw S.R.G./k_vPIvSv Iu¨kn¬
H.M.s‚ t\XrXzØn¬ \S°Ww. (Xn¶fmgvN/
shffnbmgvN A`nImayw)
HcmgvNbn¬ F√m hnjbßfpsSbpw k_vPIvSv
Iu¨kn¬ \S°pwhn[w hnZymebØn¬ (UP/HS)
ssSwtS_nƒ Xømdm°Ww. H∂n¬ IqSpX¬
hnjb߃ ssIImcyw
sNøp∂ A[ym]I¿°v
tbmKØn¬ ]s¶Sp°m≥
IgnbWw.
F¬.]n ¢mkpIfn¬
S.R.G. \S°ptºmƒ
38Ip´nIfpsS c£nXm°fpsS t\XrXzØn¬ _mek` kwLSn∏n°phm≥
{ian°Ww.
bp.]n.¢mkn¬ k_vPIvS v Iu¨kn¬ tNcptºmƒ Ip´nIƒ°v
kzbw\nb{¥nX {]h¿Ø\߃ \¬IWw.
H.Ms‚ A`mhØnepw Fkv.B¿.Pn/k_vPIvSv Iu¨kn¬ \S°p∂p≠v
F∂v Dd∏p hcpØWw.
S.R.G.bn¬ AP≠ \n›bnt°≠Xv I¨ho\¿ slUvamÃdpambn
BtemNn®mbncn°Ww.
Fkv.B¿.Pn/k_vPIvSv Iu¨kn¬ (bp.]n.Xew)
\St°≠ {]h¿Ø\߃:˛
slUvamÃdpsS tamWn‰dnwKv dnt∏m¿´v N¿®.
Ign™ BgvNbn¬ \SØnb {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS AhtemI\w.
\√ A\p`h߃, amXrIIƒ, {]iv\߃ F∂nh ]¶nS¬.
Hmtcm ¢mkntebpw ASpØ AgvNsØ {]h¿Ø\ßsf°pdn®v N¿®.
kvIqfn¬ s]mXphmb Iq´mbva Bhiyapff taJeIƒ N¿®bv°v
hnt[bam°¬.
Zn\mNcW߃
¢∫v {]h¿Ø\߃
kn.]n.Sn.F
sse{_dn D]tbmKw
et_md´dn D]tbmKw
tem°¬ dntkmgvkv
_mek`
N¿®bpsS t{ImUoIcWhpw ASpØ BgvNtØ°v ¢mkv/hnjb
XeØn¬ πm\nwKpw \Sج.
Hcp amksØ Ahkm\sØ Fkv.B¿.Pn.bn¬ ASpØ amksØ ¢mkv
Ie≠¿/kvIqƒ Ie≠¿ cq]s∏Spج.
Hmtcm amktØbpw kvIqƒ Ie≠¿ cq]s∏SpØm\pff NpaXe Hmtcm
A[ym]I¿°pw amdn amdn sImSp°p∂Xv DNnXambncn°nt√?
Fkv.B¿.Pnbnse Xocpam\߃ an\pSvkn¬ IrXyambn tcJs∏SpØpIbpw
s]mXphmbn I≠ ¢mkv dqw ]T\{]iv\߃ C.R.C.bnte°v dnt∏m¿ v sNøpIbpw
thWw.
kvIqƒ ]n.Sn.F
kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø\Øn¬ c£nXm°fpsS ]¶mfnØw,
{]k‡n, {]m[m\yw F∂nh Dd∏m°p∂ kwLS\m
kwhn[m\amWv ]n.Sn.F.
kvIqƒ ]n.Sn.F kwLmS\w, {]h¿Ø\w F∂nh
hniZam°p∂ k¿°m¿ DØchv A\p_‘ambn(vi)
sImSpØncn°p∂p.
]n.Sn.F bpsS ]¶mfnØtØmsS kvIqfn¬ \St°≠
{]h¿Ø\߃
h¿jØnse BZy P\d¬ t_mUn Pq¨ 15 \v apºmbn
\S°Ww. h¿jØn¬ aq∂v {]mhiysa¶nepw ]n.Sn.F P\d¬
t_mUn \St°≠XmWv.
kvIqƒ hnIk\ ]≤Xn cq]oIcWw, \SØn∏v,
tamWn‰dnwKv F∂nhbpsS ta¬t\m´w.
D®`£W ]cn]mSn IqSpX¬ anIhp‰Xm°p∂Xn\m
hiyamb hn`h kaml˛
cWw \Sج.
kvIqfns‚ `uXnI
kuIcy߃ sa®s∏Sp
ØpXn\pw ipNnXzhpw
40kuμcyhpw Dd∏p hcpØp∂Xn\pap≈ {]h¿Ø\߃.
kvIqƒ ]cn]mSnIsf tamWn‰¿ sNbvXv Bhiyamb CSs]SepIƒ,
\n¿t±i߃ F∂nh bYmkabßfn¬ \¬I¬.
LSG/SSA a‰v hcpam\ t{kmX pIfn¬ \n∂pw e`yamIp∂ ^≠pIƒ
^e{]Zambn hn\ntbmKn°pIbpw, hchv sNehv IW°pIƒ IΩ‰nIfn¬
IrXyambn AhXcn∏n°pIbpw sNø¬.
c£nXm°sf t_m[h¬°cn°p∂Xn\pff ¢m pIƒ kwLSn∏n°¬.
]T\Øn¬ ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂ Ip´nIfpsS ]nt∂m°mhÿbpsS
ImcW߃ ]T\ hnt[bam°pIbpw {]iv\߃ ]cnlcn°p∂Xn\pff
]≤Xn {]mtZinI ]¶mfnØtØmsS Xømdm°pIbpw sNø¬.
Ip´nbpsSbpw ho´nsebpw ipNnXzw BtcmKy {]iv\߃ N¿® sNøepw
sl¬Øv Im¿Uv hnXcWw sNøepw.
]mTy ]≤Xnbpambn _‘s∏´v c£nXm°ƒ°v hy‡X Bhiyapff
taJeIfn¬ t_m[h¿°cW ¢m pIƒ kwLSn∏n°¬.
dntkmg vkv am∏nwK v \SØn e`yamIp∂ {]tZinI hn`h߃
Is≠Øm\pff {iaw \Sج.
¢mkv ]n.Sn.F
]mTy]≤Xn hn\nabw ^e{]Zam°p∂Xn¬ c£nXm°fpsS ]¶mfnØw
A\nhmcyamb Hcp LSIamWv. CXv Dd∏m°p∂Xn\mbn ¢mkv So®dpsS
t\XrXzØn¬ cq]s∏SpØnb Hmtcm ¢mkntebpw c£nXm°fpsS thZnbmWv
¢mkv ]n.Sn.F.
C.P.T.A. Fßs\?
AXmXv ¢mkv So®dpsS NpaXebnepw t\XrXzØnepw amkØn¬ Hcn°¬
C.P.T.A.\S°Ww.
C.P.T.A.tbmKØn¬ A≤y£X hlnt°≠Xv c£nXm°fn¬ \n∂v
Hcmfmbncn°Ww.
C.P.T.A. aps∂mcp°ßƒ Fs¥ms°?
hnhn[ ¢mkpIfnse C.P.T.A.tbmKßfpsS XoøXnIƒ S.R.G.tbmKØn¬
41
bqWn‰v sSÃns‚
ASnÿm\Ønepw
\nc¥c
hnebncpØens‚
ASnÿm\Ønepw
Hmtcm Ip´nbptSbpw
]T\ ]ptcmKXn tcJ
ap≥Iq´n Xømdm°pI.
(bp.]n./F®v.Fkv
¢mkpIfn¬
hnjbßfpsS
hniZmwiw _‘s∏´
A≤ym]Icn¬ \n∂pw
¢mkv So®¿
tiJcn°Ww)
Xocpam\nt°≠XmWv.
C.P.T.A.bn¬ \St°≠ Imcy߃ S.R.G.tbmKØn¬ s]mXphmbn
Bkq{XWw sNøWw.
C.P.T.A.tbmKØn\pff aps∂mcp°ßƒ ¢mkv So®dpsS t\XrXzØn¬
\SØm≥ H.M. \n¿t±iw \¬IWw.
C.P.T.A.bpsS AP≠bpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw ¢m v So®¿ kq£vaambn
Bkq{XWw sNøWw.
Fs¥ms° {]h¿Ø\߃?
]T\{]h¿Ø\Øns‚ `mKambn
¢mkvapdnbn¬ cq]s∏´ D¬∏∂ßfpsS
{]Z¿i\w Hcp°¬.
]T\{]h¿Ø\Øns‚ `mKambn
¢mkvapdnbn¬ cq]s∏´ D¬]∂߃
ImWm\pw hnebncpØm\pw Xs‚
Ip´nbpsS \ne Xncn®dnbm\pw c£nXmhn\v
Ahkcap≠m°¬
Ip´nIfpsS ]T\]ptcmKXn hnebncpØn
So®dpsS s]mXp AhXcWw.
HmtcmIp´nbptSbpw ]T\]ptcmKXn
tcJsb ASnÿm\am°n Ip´nbpsS
t\´ßƒ, ]T\{]iv\߃ Ahbv°pff
]cnlmc am¿§ßƒ F∂nh N¿® sNø¬.
Bhiysa¶n¬ ]T\{]h¿Ø\߃
\nco£n°m≥ Ahkcsamcp°¬.
c£nXm°fpsS \n¿t±ißfpw
{]XnIcWßfpw N¿®, A≤y£s‚ t{ImUoIcWw.
Ip´nIfpsS ]T\hpambn _‘s∏´v Gs‰SpØv \StØ≠
{]h¿Ø\ßsf°pdn®v So®dpsS hniZoIcWw.
Ip´nIfpsS ]T\Imcyßfnepw Ahcn¬ \√ioe߃ hf¿Øp∂Xnepw
c£nX°ƒ°vFs¥ms° sNømw? A≤y£s‚ t\XyXzØn¬ N¿®bpw
Xocpam\ßsfSp°epw.
42C.P.T.A.bn¬ c£nXm°ƒ°v
\SØmhp∂ sshhn[yam¿∂
{]h¿Ø\߃ AhXcn∏n
°m≥ Ahkcw \¬IWw.
DZmlcWw AΩamcpsS
ssIsøgpØp amknI,
I p S p w _ a m k n I ,
hmb\m]cn]mSn , Iz nkv
a’cw, {]h¿Øn]cnNb
{]h¿Ø\ ߃, _mek`m
\SØn∏v kw_‘n®
NpaXeIƒ XpSßnbh.
So®¿°v \¬Imhp∂ \n¿t±i߃
kvIqƒ kab\njvTbpw Nn´Ifpw
]men°p∂p F∂v Dd∏phcpج.
Ip´nIfpsS _mKv c£nXmhv F√m
Znhkhpw ]cntim[n®v Bhiyamb
D]IcW߃, ]pkvXI߃ D≠v F∂v
Dd∏phcpج.
]pkvXIßfpw ]Tt\m]IcWßfpw
a‰pw tISpIqSmsX hrØnbmbn
kq£n°p∂p≠v F∂v Dd∏phcpج.
¢mkv{]h¿Ø\Øns‚ XpS¿®bmbn
\n¿t±in°s∏´ {]h¿Ø\߃
(tiJcWw, \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø\w,
cN\m {]h¿Ø\w, . . . . .) sNøp∂p
F∂pd∏phcpج.
D®`£WØn\mbn Ip´nIƒ D]tbmKn°p∂ ]m{Xw IgpIn
hrØnbm°p∂p F∂pd∏phcpج.
ipNnXz ioe߃ ]men°p∂p F∂v {i≤n°¬.
ASpØ amksØ {]h¿Ø\߃°v cq]w \¬I¬.
C.P.T.A.bnse Xocpam\߃ an\p´vkn¬ tcJs∏Spج.
hnZymeb Pm{KXm kanXn
Ip´nIƒ hnhn[ XcØnepff NqjW߃°v
hnt[bambns°m≠ncn°p∂ Hcp ImeamWnXv. ss{]adn
¢mkn¬ ]Tn°p∂ Ip´nIƒ t]mepw ssewKnI ]oV\ßtf‰p
hmtß≠n hcp∂p. ]pIbnebptSbpw aZyØnt‚bpw
ab°pacp∂pIfptSbpw D]tbmKØnte°v hgqXn hogp∂
Ip´nIfpw Ipdh√.
XßfpsS {]iv\ßsf°pdn®v a‰pffhtcmSv Xpd∂p
]dbm≥ Ip´nIƒ apXncp∂n√. ]ckv]cw ]¶p shbv°mt\m
A[ym]nIamtcmSv Xpd∂p ]dbmt\m Dff a\ÿnXn
Ip´nIƒ°n√. G‰phmßnb F√m]oV\ßfpw a\ n¬ Xs∂
kq£n°p∂p. Cßs\bpff Ip´nIƒ°v A[ym]nI Hcp
ssIØmßmbpw kzImcyXIƒ hnizmk]q¿Δw ]dbm≥ ]‰nb
Hcmfmbpw amtd≠nbncn°p∂p.
Ip´nIƒs°Xnscbpff ]oV\߃ C√mXm°p∂Xn\pw
AXns\°pdn®pff t_m[h¬°cW ]cn]mSnIƒ°v t\XrXzw
\¬Ip∂Xn\pw th≠n kvIqƒ XeØnepff Hcp
kwhn[m\amWv hnZymeb Pm{KXmkanXn. CXns‚
B`napJyØn¬ Ip´nIƒ°p≠mIp∂ am\knI {]iv\߃
hniIe\w sNbvXv Is≠Øm\pw AXn\pff ]cnlmc߃
44\n¿t±in°m\pw A[ym]Isc {]m]vXcmt°≠Xp≠v. {]iv\ßsf Fßs\
kan]n°Ww F∂Xpw hfsc {][m\amWv. Ip´nIƒ kzbw ]cnlcnt°≠h,
A[ym]nIbpsS \n¿t±i߃ Bhiyambh, c£nXm°fpsS
{i≤bn¬s∏SptØ≠h, kaqlØns‚ klmbw Bhiyambh, t]meokv
A[nImcnIƒ sNtø≠h F∂nßs\ Ip´nbpsS {]iv\w ]cnlcn°m≥ hnhn[
am¿K߃ Is≠ØWw. CXn\mbn c£nXm°ƒ, kaqlw, Ip´nIƒ F∂nhsc
t_m[h¬°cn°m\pff Ignhv A[ym]nIbv°v D≠mhWw. CXn\v slUvamÿ
t\XrXz]camb ]¶v hln°Ww.
{]h¿Ø\߃/am¿§ \n¿t±i߃
Ãm v Iu¨kn¬ tbmKw tN¿∂v hnZymeb Pm{KXm kanXn cq]oIcWw
N¿® sNø¬, hnZymeb Pm{KXmkanXnbpsS BhiyIX, {]h¿Ø\
]cn]mSnIƒ, NpaXeIƒ XpSßnbhsb°pdn®v [mcW cq]s∏Spج
]n.Sn.F tbmKw tN¿Øv hnZymeb Pm{KXm kanXn cq]oIcn°¬.
kanXnbpsS Dt±iy e£y߃, BhiyIX, {]h¿Ø\ ]cn]mSnIƒ
F∂nh N¿®sNø¬. {]h¿Ø\߃ GtIm]n∏n°m\mbn Hcp
A[ym]Is\/A[ym]nIsb I¨ho\dmbn sXcs™Sp°¬.
hnZymeb Pm{KXm kanXnbn¬ ]n.Sn.F/Fw.]n.Sn.F {]Xn\n[nIƒ,
Ip´nIfpsS {]Xn\n[nIƒ, hm¿Uv saº¿, A[ym]I {]Xn\n[nIƒ, F®v
.Fw F∂nh¿ D≠mbncn°pw.
\nehn¬ Iu¨knenwKv sk‚¿/Iuamcy Zo]nI {]h¿Øn°p∂
hnZymebßfn¬ ChbpsS NpaXebpff A[ym]nI/A[ym]I≥ IqSn
kanXnbn¬ AwKambncn°pw.
LP hnZymebßfn¬ Pm{KXmkanXnbn¬ ]n.Sn.F {]Xn\n[n, F®v.Fw,
A[ym]I {]Xn\n[n/I¨ho\¿ F∂nh¿ aXnbmIpw.
kanXn amkØnsemcpXhWsb¶nepw tbmKw tN¿∂v {]h¿Ø\߃
hnebncpج, ]cn]mSnIƒ Akq{XWw sNø¬, A[ym]nIsb
klmbn°¬.
c£nXm°ƒ°v t_m[h¬°cW ¢mkv, Iuamcw˛ amdp∂ ioe߃,
c£nXmhns‚ ISaIƒ, kulrZ]camb IpSpw_m¥co£w, icnbmb
45Bibhn\nabw XpSßnbhbv°v Du∂¬.
B¨Ip´nIƒ°pw s]¨Ip´nIƒ°pw {]tXyIw ¢mkpIƒ. Xs‚
{]iv\߃ a‰pffhtcmS v Xpd∂p ]dtb≠Xns‚ BhiyIX,
A[ym]ItcmSpw kl]mTnItfmSpapff _‘w, {]iv\ßsf Fßs\
AXnPohn°mw? XpSßnbhbv°v {]m[m\yw.
Ip´nIfn¬ Bflhnizmkw hf¿Øm\pff {]h¿Ø\߃, {]iv\߃
Xncn®dnbm\pw hniIe\w sNøm\papff Ignhv hf¿Øm\pff
{]h¿Ø߃ F∂nh \S∏nem°¬.
Ip´nIƒ°v XßfpsS {]iv\߃ _‘s∏´ A[ym]ItcmSv Xpd∂p
]dbp∂Xn\pff Ahkcw \¬I¬.
]cmXns∏´n ÿm]n°¬. Ip´nIƒ°v XßfpsS {]iv\߃ FgpXn
]cmXns∏´nbn¬ \nt£]n°mw.
{]iv\߃ AXXp kabØp Xs∂ _‘s∏´ A[ym]nIbpsS
{i≤bn¬s∏SpØmw, Xpd∂v kwkmcn°mw,
{]iv\߃ bYmkabw ]cntim[n®v hniIe\w sNbvXv GXv XeØn¬
ssIImcyw sNøWw F∂v Xocpam\n°epw ]cnlmc{]h¿Ø\߃
\n¿t±in°epw
{]iv\ßf ssIImcyw sNøptºmƒ kzImcyX \ne\n¿Øm≥ I¨ho\dmb
A[ym]nI {]tXyIw {i≤n°Ww.
tªm°v/ap≥kn∏¬ Xew
{]h¿Ø\߃ GtIm]n∏n°m≥ tªm°v/ap\nkn∏¬ XeØn¬ Hcp
kanXn cq]oIcn°Ww. CXn¬ hnZymeb I¨ho\¿am¿, ]n.Sn.F, Fw.]n.Sn.F,
h\nXm kwLS\, \nba hnZKv[¿, t]meokv, BtcmKy hIp∏v F∂nhcpsS
{]Xn\n[nIƒ F.C.H, tªm°v ]©mbØv {]knU‚ v/ap\kn∏¬ sNb¿am≥
F∂nh¿ Dƒs∏Sp∂p. {]h¿Ø\߃ tIm˛Hm¿Unt\‰v sNøm≥ Hc[ym]I≥/
A[ym]nIsb NpaXes∏SpØWw.
{]h¿Ø\߃
hnZymbØnse Pm{KXmkanXn {]h¿Ø\߃ GtIm]n∏n°¬.
46hnZymeb I¨ho\¿amcpsS {]Xnamk IqSnt®cepIƒ, A\p`h߃
]¶nS¬.
hnZymebØn¬ ]cnlcn°m≥ ]‰mØXv N¿® sNø¬.
c£nXm°fpsS t_m[h¬°cW]cn]mSnIƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬I¬.
Pn√mXew
Pn√mXe kanXnbpsS NpaXe A[ym]I im‡oIcWØn\v t\XrXzw
\¬I¬, tamWn‰dnwKv , tªm°vXe {]h¿Ø\߃ GtIm]n∏n°¬
F∂nhbmWv.
AwK߃ : tªm°vXe I¨ho\¿am¿, Iu¨kne¿am¿, h\nXmkwLS\,
\nbahnZKv[¿, t]meokv, BtcmKyhIp∏v, dh\yq F∂nhbpsS {]Xn\n[nIƒ,
Un.Un.C, Un.C.H amcpsS {]Xn\n[nIƒ.
{]h¿Ø\߃ tIm˛Hm¿Unt\‰v sNøm≥ Hcp A[ym]Is\/A[ym]nIsb
NpaXes∏SpØWw. hnZymeb I¨ho\¿am¿°v hnhn[ L´ßfnembn
Bhiyamb ]cnioe\߃ \¬tI≠Xv Pn√mXe kanXnbpsS NpaXebmWv.
kºq¿Æ BtcmKy ImbnI£aXm]cn]mSn
Ip´n°mesØ {]kcn∏pff PohnX ssien
buh\Ønepw hm¿≤IyØnepapff BtcmKyØn\p t\cn´v
KpWw sNøp∂p. F∂m¬ B[p\nI PohnXssien \ΩpsS
Ip´nIsfbpw apXn¿∂hscbpw Hcpt]mse
{]h¿Ø\amμyapffhcm°n Xo¿Øncn°p∂p. (Imdpw, en v‰pw,
Iºyq´dpw, sSenhnj\pw a‰pw CXn\p hftaInbn´p≠v).
CXns‚ ^eambn AanX taZ pw, \njv{InbXzhpw, lrt{ZmK
km[yXbpw \ap°nSbn¬ h¿≤n®phcnIbmWv.
sNdp{]mbØn¬ Xs∂ {]h¿Ø\\ncXamb Hcp
PohnXssien hnZym¿∞nIfn¬ hf¿ØnsbSp°p∂Xn∂v
Du∂¬ \¬Ins°m≠mWv \ΩpsS hnZymebßfn¬ kºq¿Æ
ImbnI£aXm ]≤Xn°v XpS°w Ipdn®Xv. ImbnI£aX
BtcmKyØn\pff ojWnIƒ Ipd°m\pw D¿÷kzeXtbmsS
ssZ\wZn\ {]h¿Ø\߃ sNøm\pw hyIXnIsf
{]m]vXcm°p∂ t£amhÿbmWv.
]≤XnbpsS e£y߃
1. A\ptbmPyamb ImbnI {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ {]tXyIn®v
lrZb˛izk\ £aXm ]cn]mSnIfn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂ 9
48\pw 17\pw CSbv°v {]mbapff Ip´nIfpsSbpw Iuamc{]mb°mcpsSbpw
A\p]mXw 90%¬ A[nIam°pI.
2. Znhtk\bpff ImbnI {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂ 9\pw 17\pw
CSbv°v {]mbapff Ip´nIfpsS A\p]mXw 60%˛¬ A[nIambn Db¿ØpI.
3. Ip´nIfpsSbpw Iuamc°mcpsSbpw BtcmKykw_‘amb ImbnI £aX
imkv{Xobambpw hyhÿm]nXambpw hnebncpØp∂Xn\pff ]T\{Iaw
ÿm]n°pI. 9\pw 17\pw CSbv°v {]mbapff 100% Ip´nIfpw CØcw
]cntim[\m ]cn]mSnbn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂p F∂v Dd∏p hcpØpI.
ImbnI£aXbpsS LSI߃ (Components of Physical Fitness)
NpdpNpdp°v (Agility)
IcpØv (Power)
lrZb˛izk\ kw_‘amb ÿncX
(Cardio - respirodory Eduarance)
i‡n (Strength)
t]ioÿncX (Musculer Eduarance)
icoc \n¿ΩnXn (Body Composition)
Abhv (Flexibility)
thKX (Speed)
k¥pe\w (Co-ordination)
ImbnI £aXm ]cn]mSnbpsS (TPFP) sSÃv C\߃
1. icoc]nfi kqNnI (BMI) Dbcw, `mcw.
2. kn‰v A]vkv (60 sk°‚ v)
3. kn‰v B‚ v do®v
4. tamUnss^Uv ]pƒ A]vkv
5. 1.6 In.an. Hm´w/\SØw
Hmtcm C\Ønse {]IS\Øn\pw Ip´nIƒ°v A apX¬ F hsc t{KUpIƒ
\¬Ip∂p.
t{KUpIƒ kqNn∏n°p∂Xv ChbmWv.
F t{KUv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv sSÃn¬ tbmKyX t\Snbn√.
49E t{KUv G‰hpw Ipd™ tbmKyX ˛ Ipd™ ]£w 4 sSÃnepw E
t{KUv.
D t{KUv ˛ Ipd™ ]£w 4 sSÃnepw D t{KUv BMI ip]m¿i sNøp∂
kvtImdn\nSbnepff t]mbn‚pw.
C t{KUv ˛ Ipd™]£w 4 sSÃnepw C t{KUv BMI ip]m¿i sNøp∂
kvtImdn\nSbnepff t]mbn‚pw.
B t{KUv Ipd™]£w 4 sSÃnepff B t{KUpw BMI ip]m¿i sNøp∂
kvtImdn\nSbnepff t]mbn‚pw.
A t{KUv ˛ Nmºy≥ Ahm¿Uv. 4 sSÃnepw A t{KUv, BMI ip]m¿i
sNøp∂ kvtImdn\nSbnepff t]mbn‚pw.
Ign™ h¿jw \SØnb ImbnI £aXm ]cntim[\bpsS ^ew
t{ImUoIcn®v Ãm^v ao‰nwKv/S.R.G. bn¬ AhXcn∏n°Ww.
Pq¨, Pqsse amkßfn¬ ImbnIm[ym]Is‚ t\XrXzØn¬ Xmsg
]dbp∂ {]h¿Ø\߃ Gs‰Sp°mhp∂XmWv (HS/UP).
Ifcn, tbmK, Fbvtdm_nIvkv, AXve‰nIvkv,
thmfnt_mƒ, _mUvan‚¨, ^pSvt_mƒ
ssk¢nwKv, \o¥¬, amkv{Un¬ apXembh.
{]mtZinI hnZKv[s‚ tkh\w {]tbmP\s∏SpØmhp∂XmWv.
PTA/CPTA tbmKßfn¬ Ip´nIfpsS ImbnI£aXm ÿnXn AhXcn∏n®p N¿®
sNtø≠XmWv.
F¬.]n.XeØn¬ amkv{Un¬ eLphmbXpw Ip´nIƒ°v tbmPn®Xpw
ckIchpamb ImbnI {]h¿Ø\߃ Dƒs°m≈p∂Xpw Bbncn°Ww.
slUvamÿamcpsS tamWn‰dnwKv
tamWn‰dnwK v F∂Xv \nc¥cw \St°≠ Hcp
{]{InbbmWv. GsXmcp {]h¿Ø\]≤Xnbpw e£yØn
seØp∂Xv AXns‚ {]h¿Ø\ {]{Inb \nc¥cw
hnebncpØn Bhiyamb XncpØepIfpw sa®s∏SpØepIfpw
bYmkabw \SØn apt∂m´p t]mIptºmgmWv. kvIqƒ
{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS e£y {]m]vXnbpsS hgnbpw as‰m∂√.
slUvamÿ Hcp A°mZanIv eoU¿ F∂ \nebnepw Hcp
`cWm[nImcn F∂ \nebnepw kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø\߃
\nc¥cw tamWn‰¿ sNtø≠Xp≠v. hy‡amb e£ytØmsS
cq]s∏SpØnb kvIqƒ hnIk\ ]≤Xn (SDP) CXns‚
ASnØdbmWv. kvIqƒ hnIk\ ]≤XnbpsS `mKambn
Gs‰SpØp \SØp∂ hnhn[ {]h¿Ø\ßsf°pdn®v icnbmb
[mcW {]m[m\m[ym]I\v D≠mbncn°Ww. ¢mkv apdnIfnepw
hnZymebØn¬ s]mXphmbpw Gs‰SpØp \S∏nem°p∂
{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS kq£vaXe {]{InbIsf°pdn®v icnbmb
Dƒ°mgvN {][m\m[ym]I\v BhiyamWv. F¶n¬ am{Xta
CØcw {]h¿Ø\ßsf imkv{Xobambn tamWn‰¿ sNøm\pw
^e{]m]vXnbnte°v \bn°m\pw Ignbq.
¢mkv {]h¿Ø\ßfpsSbpw hnZymeb {]h¿Ø\
51ßfpsSbpw ""KpW]camb hi߃°v (quality aspects) ap≥Xq°w \¬In tamWn‰¿
sNøp∂XmWv Izmfn‰n tamWn‰dnwKv''. Izmfn‰n tamWn‰dnwKv imkv{Xobambn
\SØm≥ Izmfn‰n tamWn‰dnwKv Sqƒ (QMT) BhiyamWv. CXn\mbn td‰nwKv
kvs°bn¬, sNIv enÃv , \nco£W kqNI߃ XpSßnb SqfpIƒ
hnIkn∏n°mhp∂XmWv. kz¥w XeØnepw NpaXebnepapff hnZymeb
{]h¿Ø\ßsf tamWn‰¿ sNøm\pff SqfpIƒ hnIkn∏n°m≥
{][m\m[ym]I¿ {]m]vXcmtI≠XmWv.
hnZymeb {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS tamWn‰dnwKv
hnZymebsØ anIhns‚ ]ShpIfneqsS apt∂m´p \bn°m≥ icnbmb
Znimt_m[hpw Img vN∏mSpw AXymhiyamWv. CXn\mbn hnZymeb
{]h¿Ø\ßsf ka{Kambn ImtW≠Xp≠vv. hnZymeb ^e{]m]vXnsb
Xocpam\n°p∂ {][m\ LSIßfmb hnZymeb Bkq{XWw, hnZymeb
A¥co£w, kmaqly ]¶mfnØw, amt\Pvsa‚ v, ]T\ anIhv, A[ym]I
im‡oIcWw, F∂nhsb°pdn®v icnbmb [mcWbpw {]mtbmKnI
]cn⁄m\hpw {][m\m[ym]I¿ t\SnsbSpt°≠Xp≠v. hnZymeb
{]h¿Ø\߃ ^e{]Zambn tamWn‰¿ sNøphm≥ Cu LSIßsf
ASnÿm\am°nbpff Sqƒ hnIkn∏n°mhp∂XmWv. Hcp amXrIm Sqƒ
A\p_‘ambn(i) tN¿Øncn°p∂p.
hnZymeb {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ t\XrXz]camb ]¶phln°pIbpw
bYmkabw tamWn‰¿ sNbvXv Bhiyamb XncpØepw sa®s∏SpØepIfpw
\SØpIbpw thWw. CXns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ Nne tcJs∏SpØepw ta¬
DtZymKÿ¿ Bhiys∏´m¬ dnt∏m¿´pw \¬Imhp∂XmWv.
¢mkv tamWn‰dnwKv
klm[ym]IcpsS ¢mkv CSbv°nsS tamWn‰¿ sNøWw. ÿncambn ¢mkn¬
Ccp∂psIm≠pff Hcp tamWn‰dnwKv A√ Dt±in°p∂Xv. ¢mkv {]h¿Ø\߃
\nco£n®pw A[ym]IcpsS Bkq{XWtcJ hnebncpØnbpw Ip´nIfpambn
CSs]´pw a‰pw tamWn‰dnwKv \SØmhp∂XmWv. CXv Hu]NmcnI coXnbnepw
52A\u]NmcnI coXnbnepw sNømhp∂XmWv. bYmkabw klm[ym]I¿°v oUv
_m°v \¬Im≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n°Ww. kz¥w ¢mkpw tamWn‰dnwKn\v
hnt[bam°Wsa∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw ]dtb≠Xn√t√m. SRG tbmKØn¬ HM
tamWn‰dnwKv ^oUv _m°v AhXcn∏n°Ww. ¢mkv tamWn‰dnwKn\v
D]tbmKn°mhp∂ Hcp Sqƒ A\p_‘ambn(ii) \¬Inbncn°p∂p.
t{]m{Kmw tamWn‰dnwKv & Chmtezj≥
hnZymeb {]h¿Ø\߃ {]Xnamk Ie≠dneqsS Nn´s∏SpØp∂ coXn
\mw {]mh¿ØnIam°pIbmWt√m. Ie≠dn¬ \n¿t±in°p∂ Hmtcm
{]h¿Ø\ßfpw ]cn]mSnbpw tamWn‰¿ sNøs∏tS≠Xp≠v.
Hmtcm {]h¿Ø\hpw/]cn]mSnbpw F¥mWv D∂wsh°p∂Xv F∂v
ap≥Iq´n \n›bn°Ww. CXv t\SnsbSp°m\mhiyamb {]h¿Ø\ {]{InbIfpw
AXns‚ NpaXebpw Xocpam\n°s∏SWw. Cu coXnbn¬ {]h¿Ø\ßsfbpw/
]cn]mSnIsfbpw ap≥Iq´n hniIe\w sNbvXm¬ t{]m{Kmw tamWn‰¿
sNøm\pff Sqƒ hnIkn∏n°mhp∂XmWv. Hmtcm {][m\ {]h¿Ø\Øns‚bpw/
]cn]mSnbpsSbpw \n¿WmbI {]h¿Ø\ L´ßƒ/{]{InbIƒ ap≥Iq´n
Is≠ØWw. Cu Hmtcm L´Ønepw Bhiyamb CSs]Sepw XncpØepw
sa®s∏SpØepw bYmkabw \SØWw. tamWn‰dnwKneqsS e`n°p∂ ^oUv
_m°v bYmkabw {]h¿Ø\®paXebpff A[ym]I\pambn ]¶psh°Ww.
Bhiyamb sa®s∏SpØepIƒ XpS¿∂p≈ {]h¿Ø\Øn¬ hcpØWw.
Hcp {][m\ {]h¿Ø\w/]cn]mSn Ahkm\n°p∂tXmsS hnebncpج
(Evaluation) \SØWw. tamWn‰dnwKneqsS \nc¥cambn e`yamIp∂ ^oUv
_m°ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ ]cn]mSn F{XtØmfw hnPbn®p (e£yhpambn
X´n®v) hnPbn®n√, F¥psIm≠v? F∂nßs\ hnebncpØs∏SWw. Cu
hnebncpج ]cn]mSnbpsS NpaXebpff A[ym]I≥ tcJs∏SpØp∂Xpw
\√XmWv. t{]m{Kmw tamWn‰dnwKn\pw Chmepthj\pw D]tbmKs∏SpØmhp∂
Hcp t^m¿am‰v A\p_‘ambn(iii) \¬Inbncn°p∂p. Hmtcm amktØbpw
{]h¿Ø\ Ie≠dns\ ASnÿm\am°nbpff slUvamÿamcpsS
hnebncpج dnt∏m¿´nwKv Cu t^m¿am‰ns\ ASnÿm\am°n sNøp∂Xv
^e{]Zambncn°pw.
53¢mkv Bkq{XWtcJ (So®nwKvam\z¬)
hnebncpØptºmƒ
ssZ\wZn\w A[ym]nI Gs‰SpØp\StØ≠ ]T\ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS
kq£vaXeØnepff Bkq{XW tcJbmWv So®nwKv am\z¬. {][m\[ym]I≥/
{][m\[ym]nI F∂ \nebn¬ klm[ym]IcpsS So®nwKv am\z¬ Nne
Ahkcßfn¬ hnebncpØn sa®s∏SpØmhiyamb \n¿t±i߃ \¬IWw.
Cßs\ hnebncpØptºmƒ Fs¥ms° ImcyßfmWv ]cnKWnt°≠Xv F∂v
t\m°mw.
¢Ãdn¬ Xømdm°nb tamUyqƒ coXnbnepff Bkq{XWsØ
Fk.B¿.Pn.tbmKØn¬ kq£vaXeØn¬ hnIkn∏n®v ssZ\wZn\
{]h¿Ø\ßfm°n tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v.
Bibhpw D]mibßfpw tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v.
Ip´nbpsS \nehmcØn\v tbmPn® kmaqly {]iv\ßfn¬ CSs]Sm\pff
km[yXIƒ Is≠Ønbn´p≠v.
{]h¿Ø\߃ {]{Inbm_‘nXambn Bkq{XWw sNbvXn´p≠v.
Adnhp \n¿ΩmWL´ßƒ Dd∏m°nbn´p≠v.
Bhiyamb ]Tt\m]IcW߃ D]tbmKn°p∂Xns\ Ipdn®v kqN\
\¬Inbn´p≠v.
\nc¥c hnebncpØen\pff L´ßfpw km[yXIfpw kqNn∏n®n´p≠v.
kwL]T\w, ]ckv]c ]T\w F√m Ip´nIfpsSbpw ]¶mfnØw
XpSßnbhbv°pff km[yXIƒ Is≠Ønbn´p≠v.
ap≥ {]XnIcW t]Pnse \nco£W߃ ]cnKWn®n´p≠v.
\S∂ {]h¿Ø\Øns‚ {]XnIcWßfpw KpWmflI Ipdn∏pIfpw
tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v.
hnhn[ ]T\ X{¥ßƒ°pff km[yX (t{]mPIvSv , skan\m¿
XpSßnbh) ]cnKWn®n´p≠v.
Sot®gvkv th¿j≥ Xømdm°pIbpw D]tbmKn°pIbpw sNøp∂p≠v.
Ip´nbpsS Nn¥sb a\ nem°m\pw Zni\n¿Æbn°m\papff
kμ¿`ßfp≠v.
]ncoUv Bkq{XWw/ssSwtS_nƒ
kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS ^e{]Zamb amt\Pvsa‚n\v
imkv{Xobamb ]ncoUv Bkq{XWhpw ssSwtS_nƒ
{IaoIcWhpw hfsc {][m\amWv. e`yamb hn`h߃
(hy‡nIƒ, kma{KnIƒ, kuIcy߃, kabw.......) hy‡amb
e£y{]m]vXn°mbn (kvIqƒ anIhv) imkv{Xobambn
hn\ntbmKn°p∂Xn\pff Hcp N´°qSmbn ]ncoUv
Bkq{XWtØbpw ssSwtS_nƒ {IaoIcWØnt\bpw
IW°m°mw. ]ncoUv Bkq{XWw \SØptºmƒ C\n∏dbp∂
Imcy߃ ]cnKWn°p∂Xv \∂mbncn°pw.
(CXv slUv amÿam¿°pff Hcp am¿KtcJ am{XamWv. CXv
\n¿_‘ambpw \S∏nemt°≠ Hcp ssSwtS_nƒ A√.)
F¬.]n.kvIqfn¬ ¢mkv So®¿ k{ºZmbw Dd∏m°Ww.
sslkv°qfn¬ k_vPIvS v So®¿ k{ºZmbw
\nehnep≠v. AXv XpScWw.
F∂m¬ bp.]n .hn`mKØn¬ A[ym]Isc
s]mXpam\ZWvUØn¬ \nban°pIbpw
hnjbmSnÿm\Øn¬ ssSw tS_nƒ {IaoIcn°pIbpw
sNøp∂p. CXns‚ eambn A[ym]I¿ ap∂pw \mepw
hnjbsaSpt°≠ Ahÿ \nehnep≠v. CXv
55]cnlcn°m≥ Hcmƒ°v c≠v hnjbØn¬ IqSpX¬ hcmØhn[w
{IaoIcn°Ww.
bp.]n. ssSw tS_nƒ Xmsg∏dbp∂ ASnÿm\ \bßfn¬ \n∂psIm≠p
thWw Xømdm°m≥.
1. Hc[ym]I\v c≠p hnjbw(Ah[n°meØv ]cnioe\w t\Snb c≠p
hnjb߃)
2. Hcp kvIqfn¬ Hcp hnjbØn\p c≠pt]¿.
3. BgvNbn¬ Hcp Znhksa¶nepw c≠p ]ocnbUv ¢∫v sNøp∂ coXn.
4. ssSw Atem´vsa‚n¬ am‰an√.
5. s{Sbn\nMv, ¢Ã¿, k_vPIvSv Iu¨kn¬ F∂nhbnse ]¶mfnØw
^e{]Zw. Sot®gvkv am\z¬ Xømdm°p∂Xn¬ IqSpX¬ klmbw. c≠v
hnjbØn¬ tI{μoIcn®v hmb\.
6. Hcp Unhnj≥ am{XapffnSØv Hcmƒ°v c≠v hnjbw. ]ckv]c N¿®bv°v
CSan√mØXpsIm≠ Fkv.B¿.Pn. N¿®bneqsS ]cnlcn°mw.
7. aqt∂m AXn¬ IqSpXtem Unhnj\ps≠¶n¬ Hcmƒ°v Hcp hnjbw
aXnbmIpw.
8. Nne km[yXIfpsS amXrIIƒ sImSpØncn°p∂Xp ImWpI.
CXpt]mse ASnÿm\ \bßfn¬ \n∂v hyXnNen°msX kvIqfns‚
a‰p {]tXyIXIƒ ]cnKWn®psIm≠v thsd ssSwtS_nƒ cq]s∏SpØmw.
F¬.]n.hn`mKØn¬ ¢m v So®¿ k{ºZmbamWv \n¿t±in®n´pffXv.
`qcn`mKw CSßfnepw AXv {]mh¿ØnIam°p∂p≠v. CXv F√mbnSØpw
Dd∏m°Ww.
F∂m¬ bp.]n. hn`mKØn¬ \nba\w s]mXphmbpw ssSwtS_nƒ
hnjbmSnÿm\ØnemWv. CXv Xmsg ]dbp∂ {]bmk߃ D≠m°p∂p.
Hcmƒ H∂ne[nIw hnjb߃ FSp°p∂p. F∂m¬ ]cnioe\Øn¬
Hcp hnjbØn\p am{Xw A\p`hw e`n°p∂p.
k_vPIvSv Iu¨kn¬, Fkv.B¿.Pn. F∂nh ^e{]ZamIp∂n√.
ssZ\wZn\mkq{XWØn¬ {]bmkw t\cnSp∂p.
kzbw ]T\w, At\zjWw F∂nhbn¬ tI{μoIcn°m≥ Ignbp∂n√.
56Cßs\ sNdpXpw hepXpamb \nch[n {]iv\߃ Cu taJebn¬
\ne\n¬°p∂p. hniZamb]T\w Bhiys∏Sp∂ XeamWnXv. \nehnepff
hyhÿIƒ ]men®psIm≠v Nne {IaoIcWw hcpØp∂Xn\pff {iaamWv ChnsS
\SØp∂Xv.
PERIOD ALLOTMENT FOR UP CLASSES
Subject V VI VII
Malayalam 6 6 6
English 6 5 5
Hindi 2 3 3
Basic Science 5 5 5
Social Science 4 4 4
Mathematics 5 5 5
Work Experience 3 3 3
Art Education 2 2 2
Phy.Education 2 2 2
Total 35 35 35
]cnKWnt°≠ Imcy߃
Hc[ym]I\v ]camh[n c≠v hnjbw (]cnioe\w, Bkq{XWw (CA,
TM, SRG) F∂nh KpWmflIamhpw.
c≠p ]ncntbUpIƒ ¢∫v sNøm\pff km[yX {]tbmP\s∏SpØp∂p.
(]pkvXI `mcw Ipdbv°mw ˛ Activity based class-\v A\ptbmPyw)
H∂nShn´ Znhkßfn¬ Hmtcm hnjbw
Hcp kvIqfn¬ Hcp hnjbØn\v 2 t]sc¶nepw (Hcp Unhnj≥
am{XapffnSØv km[ya√).
F√mh¿°pw Gsd°psd Xp√y ]ocntbUv.
Htc hnjbsaSp°p∂h¿°v Htc kabw Hgnhv.
aqt∂m AXne[nItam Unhnj\pffnSØv Hcmƒ°v Hcp hnjbw am{Xw.
57hnhn[ km[yXIƒ, {]mtZinI ]cnKW\Iƒ sh®v Is≠ØWw.
(Xmsg sImSp°p∂Xv Nne kmºnfpIƒ, km[yXIƒ)
TIME TABLE FORMAT-UP SECTION
Division - 1 each; 3-Classes; Total Period - 105
No. of Teachers PD-3; Hindi-1; Arabic-1;
Name of
Teacher Subject-1 Period Subject-2 Period Subject-3 Period Total
A Mal 18 SS 06 HPE 06 30
B Eng 16 SS 06 AE 04 26
C Math 15 BS 15 30
D Hindi 08 WE 09 WE 02 19
Total 105
Division - 2 Each; 6-Classes; Total Period - 210
No. of Teachers PD-6; Hindi-1; Arabic-1
Name ofTeacher
Subject-1 Period Subject-2 Period Subject-3 Period Total
A Mal 12 Mal 12 24
B Arabic 12 WE 18 30
C Eng 22 HPE 04 26
D Eng 10 GS 10 HPE 04 24
E Math 10 GS 10 HPE 04 24
F Math 20 SS 08 28
G SS 16 GS 10 26
H Hindi 16 AE 12 28
58Total 210
Division -3 Each; 9-Classes; Total Period - 315
No. of Teachers PD-9; Hindi-1; Arabic-1
Name ofTeachers Subject-1 Period Subject-2 Period Subject-3 Period Total
A Mal 16 Mal II 12 28
B Mal 08 SS 12 WE 09 29
C SS 24 Mal II 06 30
D Eng 25 AE 04 29
E Eng 23 HPE 04 AE 02 29
F Math 20 WE 09 29
G Math 20 WE 09 29
H BS 20 WE 09 29
I BS 25 AE 04 29
J Hindi 24 AE 04 28
K Arabic 12 HPE 14 26
Total 315
59
Division -4 Each; 12-Classes; Total Period - 420
No. of Teachers PD-13; Hindi-2; Arabic-1; Urdu-1; SKT-1; PET-1
Name ofTeachers Subject-1 Period Subject-2 Period Subject-3 Period Total
A Mal 24 Mal II 04 28
B SKT 12 Mal II 10 22
C Urdu 12 AE 08 20
D Arabic 12 WE 12 24
E Eng 24 24
F Eng 20 WE 03 23
G Eng 20 WE 03 23
H Hindi 17 AE 04 21
I Hindi 15 AE 04 19
J BS 20 WE 03 23
K BS 20 WE 03 23
L BS 20 WE 03 23
M Maths 20 WE 03 23
N Maths 20 WE 03 23
O Maths 20 WE 03 23
p HPE 24 24
S(HM) Mal II 10 10
R SS 24 AE 04 28
S SS 24 AE 04 28
Total 432
60TIME TABLE FOR U.P.SCHOOLS V-VII (TWO DIVISIONS EACH)
VADays 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mon ML ML SC SC Eng Eng WE MD MD NTP NTP NTN NTN MD
TUE H AE MT MT SS SS WE NTS MD NTP NTP NTN NTN MD
WED SC SC ML ML Eng Eng AE NTP NTP NPS NPS NTN NTN MD
THU ML ML MT MT SS SS HPE MD MD NTP NTP NTN NTN MD
FRI H HPE Eng Eng SC MT WE NTS MD NTN NTN NTP NTP MD
VB
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mon H H Eng Eng SC SC AE NTS NTS VE VE KA KA NPS
TUE SS SS ML ML MT MT HPE VE VE MD MD KA KA NPS
WED ML ML Eng Eng SS SS WE MD MD VE VE KA KA NPS
THU ML ML MT MT SS SS WE NPS NPS KA KA VE VE NPS
FRI WE AE SC MT Eng Eng HPE NPS NPS KA KA VE VE NPS
VIA
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mon SC SC Eng Eng H H WE NTP NTP NTN NTN NTS NTS NPS
TUE SS SS ML ML MT MT WE NTN NTN MD MD NTP NTP NPS
WED ML ML Eng Eng SC SC WE MD MD NTN NTN NTP NTP NPS
THU SS SS MT ML MT MT HPE NTN NTN NPS NPS NTP NTP NPS
FRI SC MT AE AE Eng Eng HPE NTP NTP NPS NPS NTN NTS NPS
VIB
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mon SC SC ML ML Eng H AE KA KA NPS NPS VE NTS CK
TUE ML ML MT MT SS SS AE MD MD KA KA VE VE CK
WED SC SC ML ML Eng Eng WE KA KA MD MD VE VE CK
THU SS SS H H MT MT HPE VE VE NTS NTS KA KA CK
FRI SC MT Eng Eng HPE HE HE KA KA VE VE CK CK KM
61VIIA
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mon Eng Eng ML ML SC SC WE NTN NTN NPS MD MD NTP KM
TUE MT MT SS SS H H WE NTP NTP NTN NTN NTS NTS KM
WED Eng Eng SC SC ML ML HPE NTN NTN NTP NTP NPS NPS KM
FRI Eng H SC MT AE AE WE NTN NTS NTP NTP KM KM CK
VIIB
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mon ML ML SC SC Eng Eng WE MD MD NTP NTP NTN NTN MD
Mon Eng Eng SC SC ML ML WE VE VE KA KA NPS NPS NTS
TUE MT MT SS SS ML ML WE KA KA VE VE MD MD NTS
WED Eng H SC SC H H HPE VE NTS KA KA NTS NTS VE
THU MT MT SS SS HPE AE AE KA KA VE VE KM NTS KM
FRI Eng Eng ML ML SC MT WE VE VE MD MD KA KA NTS
PERIOD ALLOTMENT
Subject 5th 6th 7th
Malayalam 6 6 6
English 6 5 5
Hindi 2 3 3
Science 5 5 5
Social Science 4 4 4
Mathematics 5 5 5
WE 3 Periods and AE and HPE 2 each
62
Period allotted to teachers in a school (Sample)
Teachers Subject Periods
1. MD Malayalam 24
WE,HPE,AE 7 31
2. NPS(HM) Malayalam 12
WE,HPE,AE 14 26
3. NTP Science 15
Maths 15 30
4. KA Science 15
Maths 15 30
5. NTN Social Science 12
English 18 30
6. VE Social Science 12
English 18 30
7. CK Sanskrit 12
We,HPE,Ae 7 19
8. KM Urdu 12
WE,HPE,AE 7 19
9. TS Arabic 12
WE,HPE,AE 7 19
10. NTS Hindi 16 16
A\p_‘w
64
i. kvIqƒ tamWn‰dnwKv Sqƒ
P\Iob ]¶mfnØtØmsS ASpØh¿jsØ hm¿jnI
]≤Xnbpw Ie≠dpw bYmkabØpXs∂ cq]oIcn®n´p≠v.
hm¿jnI ]≤Xnsb ASnÿm\am°n {]Xnamk Ie≠¿
Xømdm°nbn´p≠v. e£yan´ {]h¿Ø\߃ ^e{]Zambn
\S°pwhn[Øn¬ hnhn[ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS/]cn]mSnIfpsS
NpaXem hn`P\w \SØnbn´p≠v.
BgvNtXmdpw FkvB¿Pn/k_PIvSv Iu¨kn¬ tbmKw tN¿∂v
A\p`h߃ ]¶psh®v, hnebncpØepw Bkq{XWhpw
\SØp∂p≠v.
kμ¿iI Ubdnbnse \n¿t±ißfpw tamWn‰dnßneqsS kzbw
t_m[ys∏´ Imcyßfpw {]Xnhmc FkvB¿Pnbn¬ slUvamÿ
AhXcn∏n°pIbpw N¿®bneqsS ]cnlmc{]h¿Ø\߃
Is≠ØpIbpw sNøp∂p≠v.
^oUv _m°ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ klm[ym]I¿ Bhiyamb
sa®s∏SpØepIƒ hcpØp∂p F∂v Dd∏p hcpØp∂p≠v.
Ip´nIfpsS ]T\]ptcmKXn \nc¥cw hnebncpØn
]T\{]h¿Ø\߃ Bkq{XWw sNøm≥ Ignbpwhn[w So®nwKv
am\z¬ F√m A[ym]Icpw slUvamÃdpw Xømdm°p∂p≠v.
klm[ym]IcpsS So®nwKv am\z¬ c≠mgvNbnsemcn°se¶nepw
hniZambn hnebncpØmdp≠v.
So®nwK v am\z¬ hnebncpØn KpW\nehmcw
Dd∏phcpØm\mhiyamb \n¿t±i߃ \¬Imdp≠v.
_nB¿kn, knB¿kn Xe ]cnioe\ßfn¬ F√m A[ym]Icpw
IrXyambn ]s¶Sp°p∂p≠v.
F√m A[ym]Icpw hnhn[ {Km‚pIƒ D]tbmKn®pw A√msXbpw
Bhiyamb ]Tt\m]IcW߃ Xømdm°n/tiJcn®v
D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v.
Bkq{XWw
kqNI߃
C√
]q¿
Æw
`mK
nIw
65Bhiyamb kμ¿`ßfn¬ ¢m n\p]pdØpw ]T\
{]h¿Ø\߃ (^o¬Uv{Sn∏ v , t{]mPIvS v , {]mtbmKnI
{]iv\߃....) \S°p∂p≠v.
Ip´nIfpsS hnhn[ teJ\]pkvXI߃ Nn´bmbpw {Iaambpw
Xømdm°pIbpw D]tbmKn°pIbpw sNøp∂p≠v.
e`yamb {]mtZinI kuIcy߃ aq≥Iq´n Xncn®dn™v Ah
]T\{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ {]tbmP\s∏SpØp∂p≠v.
hnhn[ {Km‚pIƒ D]tbmKn®pw c£nXm°fpsS
klmbtØmsSbpw ¢mkv sse{_dnbnte°v ]pkvXI߃
tiJcn°p∂p≠v.
A[ym]IcpsS Ah[n km[yXIƒ aq≥Iq´n°≠v ¢mkv
{]h¿Ø\߃ {IaoIcn°p∂p≠v.
A¥co£w
¢mkv apdnIƒ ipNnbmbpw BI¿jIambpw {IaoIcn°p∂p≠v.
]mTy]≤Xn Dt±iy߃°\pkrXambn ]T\{]h¿Ø\߃,
¢m v {IaoIcWw F∂nh \S°p∂p≠v.
krjvSnIfptSbpw ]Tt\m]IcWßfpsSbpw hn\ymkw F∂nh
¢mkn¬ ZriyamWv.
hnhn[ {Km‚pIƒ D]tbmKn®pw A√msXbpw hnZymeb
kuμcyh¬°cW {]h¿Ø\߃ ^e{]Zambn \S°p∂p≠v.
Ifnÿew, XW¬ ac߃, ]qt¥m´w Irjn/Huj[tØm´w,
ItºmÃpIpgn , ssPhthen, Nh‰psIm´, Ip´nIfpsS
ªm°vt_m¿Uv, Np‰paXn¬ XpSßnbh A[ym]IcpsSbpw
Ip´nIfpsSbpw kaqlØns‚bpw Iq´mbvatbmsS Xr]vXnIcambn
\ne\n¬°p∂p≠v.
Ip´nIfpsS FÆØn\v B\p]mXnIambn aq{X∏pcbpw I°qkpw
D≠v.
¢mkv apdnIƒ, aq{X∏pc, I°qkv, kvIqƒ]cnkcw F∂nh
ipNnbm°p∂ {]h¿Ø\w Ip´nIfptSbpw A[ym]IcptSbpw
t\XrXzØn¬ Znhtk\ \S°p∂p≠v.
D®`£Ww ]mIw sNbvXp hnXcWw sNøp∂Xn\v
BtcmKyIcamb kwhn[m\ap≠v.
Ip´nIfpsS FÆØn\v B\p]mXnIambn ip≤PehnXcW
kuIcyap≠v.
66Ip´nIfpsS {]h¿Ø\߃°mhiyamb Im¿jntIm]IcW
߃, imkv{XD]IcW߃, {]Yaip{iqjm kma{KnIƒ F∂nh
D≠v. Ch ^e{]Zambn hn\ntbmKn°p∂pap≠v.
Ip´nIfpsS FÆØn\v B\p]mXnIambn BtcmKyIcamb
Ccn∏nS kuIcyap≠v.
Ip´nIƒ kab\njvT, klIcWt_m[w, kzbw\nb{¥Ww
F∂nh {]ISn∏n°p∂p≠v.
A[ym]Icpw Ip´nIfpw XΩn¬ \n¿`bhpw kulrZ]chpamb
A¥co£hpw CSs]Sepw \ne\n¬°p∂p≠v.
A[ym]IcpsS Akm∂n≤yØnepw Ip´nIƒ
kzbw\nb{¥nXambn ]T\{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ G¿s∏Sp∂p≠v.
Ip´nIƒ°v {InbmflI ]¶mfnØhpw, DØchmZnXzhpw
ap≥ssIbpw e`n°p∂hn[Øn¬ Akwªn, amkv{Un¬
XpSßnbh \S°p∂p≠v.
kvIqfn¬ e`yamb D]IcW߃ A[ym]I¿°v ]T\
{]h¿Ø\ßsfmcp°m≥ ]mIØn¬ {IaoIcn®n´p≠v.
sse{_dn \hoIcW {]h¿Ø\w \SØnbn´p≠v.
Ip´nIƒ°v btYjvSw D]tbmKn°m≥ ]mIØn¬ F√m ¢mknepw
hmb\aqe k÷oIcn®n´p≠v.
A[ym]I¿ Hgnhpkabßfn¬ t]mepw A°mZanI
N¿®Ifnte¿s∏Sp∂p≠v.
em_v \hoIcW {]h¿Ø\߃ bYmkabw \SØnbn´p≠v.
em_v kuIcyw F√m ¢mkntebpw Ip´nIƒ°v D]tbmKn°m≥
]mIØn¬ {IaoIcWw \SØnbn´p≠v.
kmaqly]¶mfnØw
kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø\w i‡am°p∂Xn\mbn ]n.Sn.F, Fw.]n.Sn.F,
{]h¿Ø\߃ ^e{]Zambn \S°p∂p≠v.
kv°qƒ {]h¿Ø\߃°v klmbIamb hn[Øn¬
FkvFkvPn cq]oIcn®p {]h¿Øn°p∂p≠v.
tafIƒ, Zn\mtLmj߃ XpSßnbh ¢mkvdpw
{]h¿Ø\߃°v A\p]qcIambn F√m Ip´nIfptSbpw
]¶mfnØtØmsS \S°p∂p≠v.
¢m v ]n.Sn.F. A[ym]IcpsS t\XrXzØn¬ F√m amkhpw
\S°p∂p≠v.
67{]Xnamk ¢mkv ]n.Sn.F tbmKØn¬ c£nXm°ƒ ¢mkv
{]h¿Ø\ßfpw Ip´nIfpsS ]T\]ptcmKXnbpw hnebncpØn
\n¿t±i߃ shbv°p∂p≠v.
amt\Pvsa‚ v
slUvamÿ kvIqƒ Imcy߃ kl{]h¿ØIcpambn
IqSnbmtemNn®p Xocpam\n°p∂p≠v.
F.C.H, _n.B¿.kn, Ub‰v XpSßnbhcn¬ \n∂pff
X’abklmbw th≠hn[w {]tbmP\s∏SpØp∂p≠v.
Ip´nIƒ°v e`nt°≠ B\pIqey߃ bYmkabw
e`yam°p∂p≠v.
A[ym]IcpsS tkh\thX\Imcy߃ Xr]vXnIcambn
\n¿Δln°s∏Sp∂p≠v.
kvIqƒHm^okv, dn°m¿Uv XpSßnbh Nn´bmbn
]cn]men°p∂p≠v.
slUvamÿamcpsSbpw klm[ym]IcpsSbpw km∂n[yw
kvIqfn¬ Dd∏phcpØp∂hn[Øn¬ {]h¿Ø\߃
{IaoIcn°p∂p≠v.
kvIqfns‚ kuIcy߃ h¿[n∏n°p∂Xn\pff klmb߃
amt\Ppsa‚n¬/k¿°mcn¬ \n∂v e`yam°m\pff CSs]S¬
bYmkabw \S°p∂p≠v.
Ip´nIƒ°v ]camh[n ]T\klmbw In´pwhn[w kvIqƒ
kwhn[m\ßfpsS (A[ym]IcpsS, Ip´nIfpsS,
a‰ptZymKÿcpsS ....) kab]me\w IrXyambn \S°p∂p≠v.
]mT]pkvXI߃, A[ym]IklmbnIƒ XpSßnb kma{KnIƒ
bYmkabw e`yam°p∂p≠v.
kvIqfn¬\n∂v a‰v kwhn[m\ßfnte°p \¬tI≠ hnhc߃
IrXyambn \¬Ip∂p≠v.
slUvamÿ X\n°v NpaXes∏´ ¢mkv IrXyamb
Bkq{XWtØmsS ssIImcyw sNøp∂p≠v.
slUvamÿ kl{]h¿ØIcpsS ¢mkpIƒ CSbv°nsS
tamWn‰¿ sNøpIbpw t{]m’mln∏n°pIbpw Bhiyamb
\n¿t±i߃ \¬IpIbpw sNøp∂p≠v.
slkvamÿ hnhn[ kanXnIfpsS tbmK߃ bYmImew hnfn®p
tN¿°pIbpw ]s¶Spt°≠ tbmKßfn¬ IrXyambn
68]s¶Sp°pIbpw sNøp∂p≠v.
kvIqƒ/¢mkv {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS amt\Ppsa‚n¬ Ip´nIfpsS
A`n{]mbw ]cnKWn°p∂p≠v.
\nc¥c hnebncpج bp\n‰v sSÃv/tSw aqey\n¿Wbw
F∂nhbpsS ^ew hnebncpØn Bhiyamb XpS¿]cnlmc
{]h¿Ø\߃ F√m ¢mknepw \S°p∂p≠v.
Ip´nIƒ°v k{Inb ]T\ kabw (Effective learning time)
]camh[n In´p∂p F∂pd∏p hcpØp∂p≠v.
Ip´nIsf ]T\anIhnte°v \bn°m≥ kvIqƒ XeØn¬ X\Xv
{]h¿Ø\߃ \S∏nem°p∂p≠v.
hnhn[ ¢∫v {]h¿Ø\߃ Ip´nIfptSbpw A[ym]IcpsSbpw
t\XrXzØn¬ \S°p∂p≠v.
¢∫v Zn\mNcW{]h¿Ø\߃ Ip´nIfpsS ]T\ anIhnte°v
\bn°p∂Xn\pXIp∂ hn[Øn¬ \S°p∂p≠v.
imkv{X h¿jhpambn _‘s∏´ {]tXyI {]h¿Ø\߃
\S°p∂p≠v.
69
ii. ¢mkv tamWn‰dnwKv Sqƒ
So®nwKv am\z¬ Xømdm°nbmWv ¢mkv ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xv
Ip´nIƒ°v \¬Ip∂ \n¿t±i߃, ]T\®paXeIƒ F∂nh
hy‡hpw Ip´nIfpsS \nehmcØn\v tbmPn®XpamWv.
Ip´nIƒ ]ckv]chpw A[ym]nItbmSpw \n¿`bambn
Bibhn\nabw sNøp∂p≠v.
¢mkvapdnbptSbpw ]T\kma{KnIfptSbpw {IaoIcWw
{]h¿Ø\߃°v A\ptbmPyamWv.
]T\kma{KnIƒ, hmb\mkma{KnIƒ, ]Tt\m]IcW߃
F∂nh Bhiym\pkcWw e`yam°p∂p≠v.
]T\ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ G¿s∏Sp∂ HmtcmIp´n°pw kwLambpw
H‰bv°pw bp‡n]cambn Nn¥n®v Bibcq]oIcWw \SØm≥
Ahkcw e`n°p∂p≠v.
kv°qƒ ]cnkcØns‚ ]T\ km[yXIƒ Is≠Øn
D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂p≠v.
F√mIp´nIfptSbpw ]¶mfnØw Dd∏phcpØpw hn[w
A\ptbmPyamb ]T\X{¥ßƒ {]tbmKn°p∂p≠v.
Hu]NmcnIhpw A\u]NmcnIhpamb hnebncpج X{¥ßƒ
D]tbmKn®v hnebncpج \SØp∂p≠v.
]T\Øn¬ {]bmkw t\cnSp∂ Ip´nIƒ°v Bhiyamb klmbw
\¬Ip∂p≠v.
Ip´nIƒ°v ]ckv]cambpw kzbambpw hnebncpØp∂Xn\p≈
kmlNcyw Hcp°nbn´p≠v.
Ip´nIƒ°v AhcpsS ]T\]ptcmKXn kw_‘n® hnhc߃
(^oUv_m°v) bYmkabw \¬Ip∂p≠v.
kqNI߃
]q¿
Æw
`mK
nIw
C√
70
iii. FORMAT FOR PROGRAMME MONITORING & EVALUATION
Sl.No
Programme EvaluationMonitoring
Process Qualitative Feedback
A
B
C
D
EA
B
C
D
EA
B
C
D
EA
B
C
D
EA
B
C
D
E
71
iv. LIST OF IMPORTANT REGISTERS AND RECORDSTO BE MAINTAINED IN SCHOOLS
1. Main Cash book
2. Treasury Bill Books
3. Acquittance Roll
4. Acquittance of L.S. Grant
5. Acquittance of different scholarships
6. Admission Register
7. Register of Private Study Pupils with Applications
8. Counterfoils of T.C. issued and application for T.C.
9. T.C. received and Application for Admission
10. Stock Register of :-
1) Furniture
2) Appliances
3) Office stores
4) Library Books
5) Laboratory Equipments
6) Games Articles
` 7) Audiovisual Aids
8) Materials and Finished products of Crafts
11. Attendence Register of Teachers
12. Casual Leave register with Applications
13. Register of Leave other than C.L.with Applications.
14. Inward and Outward Registers
15. Increment Register
16. Establishment Register
17. Log Book
18. Notice Book
7219. Factual Diary
20. Inspection Diary
21. Supervision Diary
22. Visitorís Diary
23. Movement Register
24. Other duty Register with Attendance certificate
25. Substitution Work Book
26. Register showing the residential address of Teachers.
27. Stagnation Register
28. Consolidated Fee Register
29. Consolidated Mark Register
30. Individual Cash Books on Special fees
31. Day book of Special fee collection
32. General Cash Book of Special fees
33. Voucher file with invoice and Quotations
34. Removal Register
35. Arrear Demand Register
36. Issue Register of Library books;
37. Fee Receipt books and Hand books of fee collection
38. Register of Advances, Recoveries and Court attachment
39. Register of Refund.
40. Register of Audit/Inspection Objections and clearance
41. Register showing accounts on flags and stamps
42. Bill Register
43. Register of O.B.C., O.E.C., S.C and S.T.
44. Register of Chalan and Chalan file
45. Register of linguistic Minority
46. Pupils attendance Register
47. Register of immovable properties and Details of accomodation
48. Register of Service books with service books
7349. Register for the issue of Extracts of Admission Register with Applications
50. Register to check submission of lesson plan and composition work.
51. Timetable and year plan.
52. punishment Register
53. Minutes, of Staff Council and Subject Councils, SRG.
54 Minutes, Cash Book and Receipt Book of P.T.A.
55. Stock Register and other records on Noon-feeding
56. Pass Books for Deposits.
57. Minutes Books of special fees advisory committee and approved Budget.
58. Register showing the auction sale of unserviceable articles and valued
answer scripts.
59. Breakage register
60. Register showing the inservice courses of Teachers
61. Register of undisbursed Salary
62 Liability Register
63. Night Duty Register
64. F.B.S. and Group Insurance Register
65. Register showing Medical Reimbursement
66. Cash Book and acquittance of N.C.C.
67. Register showing pending pensionary claims
68. Register of stamp account
69. Contigent Register with connected vouchers
70. Kuthakapattom Register
71. Register showing Lending of School buildings
72. Register of closure of F.B.S.with connected files
73. Register of Sanctioning of G.P.F. : Loans.
74. S.S.L.C. Duplicate Register.(HS Only)
75. Registers relating to the conduct of S.S.L.C. and other Public examination.(HS
Only)
74
\w. F≥ Fw(1)/30660/09 Xncph\¥]pcw, XobXn : 16.05.09
k¿°pe¿
hnjbw : s]m.hn. D®`£W ]cn]mSn \S∏nem°p∂Xp kw_‘n®pff \n¿t±i߃.
* * * * *
ss{]adn A∏¿ss{]adn hnZym¿∞nIƒ°mbpff tZiob t]mjImlmc hnXcW ]cn]mSn
2009-- 10 A≤yb\ h¿jw kv°qfpIfn¬ \S∏m°p∂Xn\v Xmsg ]dbp∂ \n¿t±i߃ \¬Ip∂p.
1) 2009˛10 A≤yb\ h¿jsØ D®`£W hnXcWw F√m k¿°m¿/FbnUUv
kv°qfpIfnsebpw 8˛mw ¢m v hscbpff Ip´nIƒ°pw k¿°m¿/FbnUUv
kv°qfnt\mS\p_‘n®v \SØp∂ {]o˛ss{]adn kv°qfpIfnepw (]n.Sn.F \SØp∂hbpw)
2009 Pq¨ amkw 10˛mw XobXn apX¬ Bcw`nt°≠XmWv. IqSmsX Fkv.Fkv.FbpsS
\n¿t±im\pkcWw Un.]n.sF. AwKoImcw \¬Inb aƒ´nt{KUv teWnwKv sk‚dpIfnsebpw,
Bƒ´¿t\‰ohv sk‚dpIfnsebpw k¿°m¿ AwKoImcw \¬Inb _p≤namμyw kw`hn®
Ip´nIƒ°mbpff kv°qfpIfnsebpw Ip´nIsf D®`£W ]cn]mSnbn¬
Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂XmWv. 2008˛09 A≤yb\ h¿jsØt∏mse D®`£WØn\v A¿lcmb
7˛mw ¢m phscbpff F√m Ip´nIƒ°pw BgvNbn¬ Hcp tImgnap´ \¬Imhp∂Xpw ap´
Ign°mØh¿°v Hcp t\{¥∏gw \¬tI≠XpamWv.
2) F√m kv°qfpIfnepw Pq¨ 9˛mw XobXn°Iw kv°qƒXe \q¨ ^oUnwKv IΩn‰nIƒ
tN¿∂v ]cn]mSnbpsS hnPbØn\mkv]Zamb Xocpam\߃ ssIs°mtff≠XmWv.
IΩn‰nbn¬ ].Sn.F {]knU‚ v, hm¿Uvsaº¿am¿, A[ym]I˛c£mI¿Ør {]Xn\n[nIƒ,
aZ¿ ]n.Sn.F {]Xn\n[nIƒ F∂nh¿ \n¿_‘ambpw D≠mbncn°Ww.
3) 2009 Pq¨ 9˛mw XobXn°Iw D®`£W ]cn]mSnbn¬ ]s¶Sp°phm≥ B{Kln°p∂
Ip´nIfpsS c£mI¿Øm°fn¬ \n∂pw At]£ {][m\m≤ym]I¿ kzoIcnt°≠XmWv.
4) Bdmw A[yb\ ZnhksØ tdmƒ kvs{SMvXv ASnÿm\am°n At]£Iƒ {]Imcw
Ip´nIfpsS FÆw Xn´s∏SpØn enÃpw a‰v Bhiyamb hnhcßfpw Pq¨ amkw 15˛mw
XobXn°Iw {][m\m[ym]I¿ D]Pn√m Hm^ok¿am¿°v ka¿∏n°Ww.
5) ÿncambn D®`£W ]cn]mSnbn¬ ]s¶Sp°mØ Ip´nIƒ°v D’hImetØ°v Acn
sImSp°phm≥ ]mSn√. kvs]jy¬ Acn hnXcWw sNøptºmƒ Ip´nbpsSbpw,
c£I¿Ømhns‚bpw, ¢m v A≤ym]Is‚bpw, Ht∏mSpIqSnb dnt°m¿Uv kq£n°Ww.
tI{μ k¿°mcns‚ 27.05.02˛se \n¿t±i{]Imcw D®`£Ww XpS¿®bmbn e`n°p∂Xn\v
Ip´nIƒ Hmtcm amkhpw 80%˛¬ IpdbmØ Znhkßfn¬ kv°qfn¬ lmPcmtI≠XmWv.
enÃv Xømdm°p∂Xn\p apºmbn kv°qƒ \q¨ oUnwKv IΩn‰n tN¿∂v enÃn\v AwKoImcw
hmßWw. IΩn‰n tNcphm≥ Fs¥¶nepw kmt¶XnI XS ߃ t\cn´m¬ enÃv D]Pn√m
v. D®`£W ]cn]mSn ˛ k¿°pe¿
75hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿°v ka¿∏n®v AwKoImcw hmßnbncn°Ww.
6) ap≥h¿jßfn¬ D®`£W ]cn]mSnbn¬ ]s¶SpØ Ip´nIsf am{Xw enÃn¬ Dƒs∏SpØm≥
¢m v So®¿amcpw {][m\m≤ym]Icpw kv°qƒ \q¨ ^oUnwKv IΩn‰nbpw {]tXyIw
{i≤nt°≠XmWv. F∂m¬ A¿lXbpff Ip´nIƒ ap≥h¿jsØ enÃn¬ Dƒs∏SmsX
t]mbn´ps≠¶n¬ AhcpsS t]cpIqSn 2009 h¿jsØ enÃn¬ Dƒs∏SpØmw. Cu coXnbn¬
Dƒs∏SpØp∂ Ip´nIfpsS enÃpIƒ°v \q¨ oUnwKv IΩn‰nbpsS {]tXyI AwKoImcw
tcJmaqew AXmXv {][m\m≤ym]I¿ hmßn kq£n°Ww. bYm¿∞Øn¬ D®`£W
]cn]mSnbpsS AwKoIcn® enÃn¬ Dƒs∏´n´pff hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v am{Xta D]Pn√m
hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿ C≥U‚ v ]m m°n \¬Im≥ ]mSpffq. F∂m¬ Pq¨ amksØ
C≥U‚ v Ign™ h¿jw AwKoIcn® coXnbn¬ ]m m°mhp∂XmWv.
7) H∂mw ¢mkp apX¬ A©mw ¢mkphscbpw Bdp apX¬ F´phscbpw , H≥]Xv, ]Øv
F∂o ¢m pIfnse Ip´nIfpsS enÃv D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿°v
ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv. IqSmsX {]o˛ss{]adn, Fw.Pn.F¬.kn., _p≤namμyw kw`hn® Ip´nIƒ
F∂nhcpsS enÃv {]tXyIw {]tXyIw \¬tI≠XmWv.
8) Cu A≤yb\ h¿jw apX¬ C≥U‚ v ]mkm°¬, I≠nP‚ v Nm¿÷v ]m m°¬, tÃm°v
F≥{Sn XpSßnbh Hm¨sse\mbn´mWv Un.]n.sF.°v ka¿∏nt°≠Xv. CXnte°mbn
F√m D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^oknepw Iw]yq´dn¬ C‚¿s\‰v kwhn[m\w \¬Inbn´p≠v.
Cu A≤yb\ h¿jw apX¬ Hm¨sse≥ A√msX C≥U‚ v ]m m°m≥ ]mSn√. amthen
tÃm¿ ASnÿm\Øn¬ am{Xta C≥U‚ v ]m m°m≥ ]mSpffq. t\csØ
\¬InbXpt]mepff C≥U‚pIƒ amthen tÃmdn¬ \¬Im≥ ]mSn√.
9) kv°qƒ {][m\m[ym]I¿ D®`£Whpambn _‘s∏´ F√m hnhcßfpw K2 t^mdØn¬
tcJs∏SpØn kv°qfn¬ kq£nt°≠XmWv. K2 t^mdØns‚ kw£n]vX hnhc߃ N.M.P.1
t^mdØn¬ Xømdm°n D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿°v ka¿∏n°Ww. Xte amksØ
dnt∏m¿´v X≥amkØnse BZy {]hrØn ZnhkwXs∂ D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^okn¬
ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv. hogvN hcpØp∂h¿s°Xnsc I¿i\ \S]Sn kzoIcn°p∂XmWv.
Nne sslkv°qƒ {][m\m≤ym]I¿ hogvN hcpØp∂Xmbn {i≤bn¬s]´n´p≠v. CXv
kw_‘n®v _‘s∏´ Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿ I¿i\ \n¿t±iw \¬tI≠XmWv.
hogvN hcpØp∂h¿s°Xnsc hIp∏pXe \S]Sn kzoIcnt°≠XmWv.
10) tÃm°v F≥{Snbpw I≠nP‚ v Nm¿÷v hnhcßfpw Iw]yq´dn¬ oUv sNbvXm¬ am{Xta
C≥U‚ v ]mkm°m≥ Ignbq F∂XpsIm≠v {][m\m≤ym]Icn¬ \n∂pw dnt∏m¿ v hmßn
^oUv sNøm≥ D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿ {]tXyIw {i≤nt°≠XmWv. hogvN
hcpØp∂hcpsS enÃv Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿, hnZym`ymk D]UbdIvS¿am¿
F∂nh¿°v \¬tI≠XmWv.
11) H∂papX¬ Ggmw ¢m phscbpff Ip´nIƒ°v Ip´n H∂n\v 60 {Kmw Acnbpw 30 {Kmw ]bdpw
F∂ IW°n\pw 8˛mw ¢m nse Ip´nIƒ°v 100 {Kmw Acnbpw 50 {Kmw ]bdpw F∂
IW°nepamWv C≥U‚ v ]m m°n \¬tI≠Xv. {]o˛ss{]adn Ip´nIƒ°v 30 {Kmw Acnbpw
15 {Kmw ]bdpamWv A\phZn°p∂Xv. `£W km[\߃ hmßptºmƒ AhbpsS
KpW\nehmcw Dd∏phcpØpIbpw tISpIqSmsX kq£n°pIbpw thWw. ]mNIØn\v
AbUn≥ tN¿Ø D∏v D]tbmKnt°≠XmWv. kvs]jy¬ kv°qfpIfnse Ip´nIƒ°v 12
hb n\v Xmsgbpffh¿°v 60 {Kmw Acnbpw 30 {Kmw ]bdpw 12 hb n\p apIfnepffh¿°v
100 {Kmw Acnbpw 50 {Kmw ]bdpamWv A\phZnt°≠Xv.
7612) ap´ hnXcWw kw_‘n®v \nch[n ]cmXnIƒ e`n°p∂p≠v. ap´bv°v ]Icw ÿncambn
]gw \¬Ip∂XmbmWv {][m\ ]cmXn. CØcw Imcy߃ \q¨ ao¬ kq∏¿sshk¿am¿
AhcpsS ]cntim[\mthfbn¬ {]tXyIw \nco£nt°≠XmWv.
13) D®`£ ]cn]mSnbpsS hnPbØn\mbn D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿ Pq¨ 6˛mw
XobXnbv°p ap≥]mbn {]m[m\m≤ym]IcpsS tbmKw hnfn®ptN¿t°≠Xpw
k¿°pedns‚bpw t^mdßfpsSbpw ]I¿∏pIƒ hnXcWw sNtø≠XpamWv.
14) Pq¨ amksØ C≥U‚ v ]mkm°p∂Xn\p apºmbn G{]n¬, sabv amkßfnse C≥U‚ v
]qPyambn Iw]yq´dn¬ F≥{Sn sNtø≠XmWv. (ap…nw Ie≠¿ A\pkcn®pff
kv°qfpIƒ°v sabv amksØ C≥U‚ v ]qPyambn Iw]yq´dn¬ F≥{Sn sNtø≠XmWv).
Iw]yq´dn¬ C≥U‚ v ]m m°p∂Xv kw_‘amb kwib߃ 0471 2324633 F∂ \ºdn¬
hnfn®v ZqcoIcnt°≠XmWv.
15) Ign™ A≤yb\ h¿jsØ tÃm°v kw_‘n®v Nne D]Pn√Ifn¬ sX‰pIƒ
kw`hn®Xmbn {i≤bn¬s]´n´p≠v. {]kvXpX ]nghpIƒ ]pXnb C≥U‚pIƒ
]m m°p∂Xn\p ap≥]mbn ]cnlcnt°≠XmWv.
16) Hmtcm Znhkhpw D®`£W ]cn]mSnbn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂ Ip´nIfpsS FÆw
{]m[m\m≤ym]I¿ t\m´okv t_m¿Un¬ FgpXn {]Z¿in∏nt°≠XmWv. AXpt]mse ap´
hnXcWw \SØp∂ Znhkhpw, hnXcWw sNøs∏´ ap´bpsS FÆhpw t\m´okv t_m¿Un¬
{]Z¿in∏nt°≠XmWv. D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿ ta¬ Imcyw \S∏nem°nbXmbn
Dd∏p hcptØ≠XmWv.
17) ap´ hnXcWw \SØp∂ Znhkw hnXcWw \SØnb ap´bpsS/]gØns‚ FÆhpw a‰v
hniZhnhcßfpw Hcp {]tXyI cPnÃdn¬ FgpXn aZ¿ ]n.Sn.F.AwKßfn¬
HcmfpsSsb¶nepw H∏phmßnbncn°Ww. Cu cPnÿ At\zjW DtZymKÿcpsS
]cntim[\bv°mbn ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv.
(H∏v)
AUojW¬ hnZym`ymk UbdIvS¿ (A°mUanIv) °pth≠n
AwKoImctØmsS
kq{]≠v
F√m hnZym`ymk D]UbdIvS¿am¿°pw
F√m Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿°pw
F√m D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hm^ok¿am¿°pw.
77
tIcf k¿°m¿
kw{Klw
s]mXphnZym`ymkw˛ Kh¨sa‚ v/FbnUUv kvIqfpIfnse A[ym]I c£mI¿XrkanXnbpsS
(Parents Teachers Association-PTA) {]h¿Ø\Øn\pff am¿§\n¿t±i߃˛ AwKoIcn®v
DØchmIp∂p.
s]mXphnZym`ymk (‰n) hIp∏v
k.D. (IsøgpØv) \º¿ 1236/2007/s]m.hn.h. Xncph\¥]pcw, 2007 Pq¨ 25
DØchv
kwÿm\sØ Kh¨sa‚ v/FbnUUv kvIqfpIfnse A[ym]I c£mI¿Xr kanXnbpsS
(Parents Teachers Association-PTA) {]h¿Ø\Øn\v A\p_‘{]Imcapff ]pXp°nb
am¿§\n¿t±i߃ AwKoIcn®v DØchmIp∂p. CXn\v 2007/2008 A°mZanI h¿jw apX¬
{]m_eyap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
Kh¿WdpsS DØchn≥ {]Imcw
Un kckzXn AΩ
AUojW¬ sk{I´dn
A\p_‘w
Kh¨sa‚ v/FbvUUv kvIqfpIfnse A[ym]I c£mI¿Xr kanXnbpsS
(Parents Teachers Association-PTA) {]h¿Ø\Øn\pff am¿§\n¿t±i߃
1. P\d¬ t_mUn
1.1. kvIqfn¬ AXmXv A°mZanI h¿jw ]T\w \SØp∂ apgph≥ hnZym¿∞nIfpsS
c£nXm°fpw CXn¬ AwKßfmbncn°pw.
1.2. ]n.Sn.F P\d¬ t_mUn F√mh¿jhqw aq∂p {]mhiysa¶nepw tbmKw IqtS≠XmWv.
lb¿sk°‚dn/shmt°jW¬ lb¿sk°‚dn kvIqfpIfn¬ ]Xns\m∂mw ¢mknse
{]thi\w ]q¿Ønbmbn Hcp amkØn\pffnembncn°pw BZy tbmKw. as‰√m
kvIqfpIfnepw Pq¨ amkØn¬ Xs∂ BZy tbmKw \S°Ww. c≠masØ tbmKw c≠mw
tSanepw aq∂matØXv lb¿sk°‚dn/shmt°jW¬lb¿sk°‚dn kvIqfpIfn¬ 10/
12 ¢mkpIfnse s]mXp]co£ Bcw`n°p∂Xn\v Hcp amkw apºpw a‰v kvIqfpIfn¬
s^{_phcn Ahkm\hmchpw \S°Ww.
1.3. H∂masØ P\d¬ t_mUn tbmKw ap≥ h¿jsØ ]n.Sn.F {]knU‚ns‚
A[y£XbnemWv \S°pI. {Kma]©mbØv/ap≥kn∏men‰n/tIm¿∏tdj≥ hm¿Uv saº¿
vi. kvIqƒ ]n.Sn.F. ˛ DØchv
78sNb¿t]gvkWmb kvIqƒ hnIk\ kanXnbn¬ AwKoIcn® kvIqƒ hnIk\ tcJ
(School Development) tbmKØn¬ AhXcn∏n®v N¿® sNbvXv AwKoIcn°Ww.
1.4. P\d¬ t_mUnbpsS H∂masØ tbmKØn¬ ]n.Sn.FbpsS FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰nsb
sXcs™Spt°≠XmWv. Cu tbmKØn¬ ap≥ A°mZanI h¿jsØ aq∂masØ
tbmKØn\p tijapff HmUn‰v sNbvX hchp sNehpIfpw AwKoIcn°Ww. IqSmsX
\S∏ph¿jsØ IW°pIƒ HmUn‰ v sNøm≥ c£I¿Øm°fn¬ \n∂pff
c≠wKkanXnsbbpw sXcs™Sp°Ww
1.5. aq∂masØ tbmKØn¬ hm¿jnI {]h¿Ø\ dnt∏m¿´pw ]n.Sn.F bpsS AXphscbpff
HmUn‰p sNbvX hchp sNehp IW°pIfpw AhXcn∏n®v AwKoIcn°Ww. IqSmsX
ASpØ A°mZanI h¿jØn¬ ]pXpXmbn kvIqfn¬ {]thin°p∂hcn¬ \n∂pw \nehn¬
]Tn°p∂hcn¬ \n∂pw tiJcnt°≠ JWvTnI 3.8 ¬ kqNn∏n® \n_‘\{]Imcapff
XpIbpsS Imcyhpw Xocpam\n°Ww.
1.6. ]n.Sn.F. bpsS {]h¿Ø\sØ°pdn®v Fs¥¶nepw Bt£]ßtfm X¿°ßtfm D≠mbm¬
AXp _‘s∏´ F.C.H/hnZym`ymk D]UbdIvS¿/doPnbW¬ D]UbdIvS¿/Akn v
UbdIvS¿ _‘s∏´ {Kma ]©mbØv {]knU‚ v/\Kck`m sNb¿am≥ /tIm¿∏tdj≥
tab¿ F∂nhcpsS km∂n[yØn¬ N¿® sNbvXv ]cnlcnt°≠XmWv.
2. FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰n
2.1. ]n.Sn.F. P\d¬ t_mUnbn¬ \n∂v t\cn´v sXcs™SpØhcmbncn°pw FIvknIyq´ohv
IΩ‰nbn¬. AXns‚ AwKkwJy G‰hpw Ipd™Xv 15Dw IqSnbXv 21 Dw Bbncn°pw
CXnse c£nXm°fpsS FÆw A[ym]IcptSXnt\°mƒ H∂p IqSpXembncn°pw.
DZmlcWambn 15 AwK FIvknIyq´ohn¬ 8 c£nXm°fpw 7 A[ym]Icpw D≠mbncn°pw.
Gtgm AXn¬ Ipdthm A[ym]Icpff kvIqfpIfn¬ F√m A[ym]Icpw Ahtc°mƒ
IqSpXepff{Xbpw c£nXm°fpw Dƒs∏´Xmbncn°pw FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰n.
c£nXm°fpsSbpw A[ym]IcpsSbpw {]Xn\n[nIfn¬ ]IpXnsb¶nepw
kv{XoIfmbncn°Ww. kv{XoIfpsS {]mXn\n[yw ImWn°m≥ km[n°mØ XcØnemWv
kvIqfnse A[ym]nIamcpsS FÆsa¶n¬ Ahsc ]camh[n Dƒs∏SpØp∂ hn[Øn¬
{IaoIcn®m¬ aXn.
2.2. 750 hnZym¿∞nIƒ hsc ]Tn°p∂ kvIqfpIfn¬ 15 t]cpw AXn\p apIfn¬
hnZym¿∞nIfpff kvIqfpIfn¬ Hmtcm 250 Ip nItfm AXns‚ mKtam DffnSØv IqSpXembn
c≠pt]¿ hoXhpw (c£nXmhv, A[ym]I≥/A[ym]nI F∂nh¿ H∂p hoXw) ]n.Sn.F
FIvknIyq´ohn¬ AwKambncn°pw. ]t£ ]camh[n AwKkwJy 21 t]¿ am{Xta ]mSpffq.
2.3. ]n.Sn.F FIvknIyq´ohnte°v c£nXm°sfbpw A[ym]Iscbpw sXcs™Sp°ptºmƒ
kvIqfnse ss{]adn , sslkvIqƒ, lb¿sk°≥UUdn, shmt°jW¬
lb¿sk°≥Udn F∂o hn`mKßfpsS {]mXn\n[yw Dd∏mt°≠XmWv.
2.4. ]n.Sn.F FIvknIyq´ohns‚ `mchmlnIfmb {]knU‚ v, sshkv {]knU‚ v F∂nhsc
A[ym]I {]Xn\n[nIƒ Dƒs∏sSbpff FIvknIyq´ohv AwKßfmWv sXcs™Sp°pI.
Cu c≠v ÿm\ßfpw c£nXm°ƒ°v am{XapffXmbncn°pw. lb¿sk°≥UUdn/
shmt°jW¬ lb¿sk°≥Udn hn`mKapff sslkvIqfpIfn¬ {]knU‚ v B
hn`mKØn¬ \n∂msW¶n¬, sshkv {]knU‚ v ss{]adn/sslkvIqƒ hn`mKØnse
c£nXm°fn¬ \n∂mbncn°Ww. {]knU‚ v ss{]adn/sslkvIqƒ hn`mKØn¬
\n∂msW¶n¬ sshkv {]knU‚ v lb¿sk°≥UUdn/shmt°jW¬
79lb¿sk°≥Udn hn`mKØn¬ \n∂mbncn°Ww.
2.5. lb¿sk°≥UUdn/shmt°jW¬ lb¿sk°≥Udn kvIqfpIfn¬ {]n≥kn∏¬ ]n.Sn.F.
bpsS FIvkv H^ntjym sk{I´dnbpw, slUvamk‰¿ FIvkv H^ntjym JPm≥Pnbpw
Bbncn°pw. ss{]adn/sslkvIqfpIfn¬ slUvamk‰¿ FIvkv H^ntjym sk{I´dnbpw
sU∏yq´n slUvamÿ/ko\nb¿ Akn v JPm≥Pnbpw Bbncn°pw.
2.6. FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰nbpsS BZy tbmKw H∂masØ P\d¬ t_mUntbmKZnhkw Xs∂
tN¿∂v {]knU‚ v, sshkv{]knU‚ v F∂nhsc sXcs™Sp°Ww.
amkØnsemcn°se¶nepw FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰n tbmKw tNtc≠XmWv.
2.7. FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰nbpsS Imemh[n sXcs™Sp°s∏´XpapX¬ sXm´SpØ h¿jsØ
FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰n sXcs™Sp∏v \S°p∂ Znhkw hscbmbncn°pw.
3. ]n.Sn.F ^≠v/kvIqƒ hnIk\ ^≠v
3.1. ]n.Sn.F ^≠v/kvIqƒ hnIk\ ^≠v c£nXm°fn¬ \n∂v tiJcn® Hcp s]mXp
^≠mbXn\m¬ hnZym¿∞nIfpsS t£aØn\v th≠n am{Xta CXv D]tbmKn°phm≥
]mSpffq.
3.2. ap≥ h¿jsØ \o°nbncn∏v XpI (Closing Balance) \S∏v A[yb\ h¿jsØ ssIøncn∏v
XpI (Openiong balance) Bbncn°pw.
3.3. kvIqƒ {]thi\ kabØpw a‰pw c£nXm°fn¬ \n∂pw tiJcn°p∂ ]n.Sn.F AwKXz
XpI apgph\mbpw ASpØ {]h¿Øn Znhkw Xs∂ ]n.Sn.F A°u≠n¬
\nt£]nt°≠XmWv. CXn\mbn ]cnkcØpff tZikm¬IrX _m¶ntem klIcW
_m¶ntem t]mtÃm^okv tkhnwKvkv _m¶ntem {]knU‚ v, sk{I´dn, JPm≥Pn
F∂nhcpsS t]cn¬ tPmbn‚ v A°u≠v Bcw nt°≠XmWv. ]n.Sn.F {]knU‚ns\IqSmsX
sk{I´dn, JPm≥Pn F∂nhcn¬ Hcmƒ IqSn H∏n´p am{Xta A°u≠n¬ \n∂v XpI
]n≥hen°m≥ ]mSpffq.
3.4. Hmtcmh¿jhpw H∂masØ P\d¬ t_mUnbn¬ Xs∂ ]n.Sn.F bpsS hm¿jnI _UvP‰v
AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv \∂mbncn°pw.
3.5. ]n Sn F AwKXzw F√m c£nXm°ƒ°pw h¿jw tXmdpw \n¿_‘amWv. AwKXz okv
hnZym¿∞nbpsS {]thi\ kabtØm A°mZanI h¿jØns‚ H∂masØ amktam
sImSpt°≠XmWv. AwKXz okns‚ {]Xnio¿j \nc°v Xmsg sImSp°p∂p.
F¬]n hn`mKw .................................................................... 10 cq]
bp.]n hn`mKw ....................................................................... 25 cq]
sslkvIqƒ hn`mKw .......................................................... 50 cq]
lb¿sk°≥Udn/shmt°jW¬
lb¿sk°≥Udn .............................................................. 100 cq]
3.6. ]´nI PmXn ]´nI h¿§ hn`mK߃, kmºØnIambn hfsc ]nt∂m°w
\n¬°p∂h¿(C°mcyw sXfnbn°m≥ {Kma]©mbØv {]knU‚ v/\Kck` sNb¿am≥/
tIm¿∏tdj≥ tab¿/]©mbØv {]knU‚ F∂nhcn¬ \n∂v k¿´n^n°‰v
lmPcm°nbm¬ aXn) F∂o hn`mKØn¬s∏´ hnZym¿∞nIfpsS c£nXm°ƒ°v ]n. Sn.
F AwKXz ^okv \n¿_‘a√. \n¿±ojvS ^okv \¬Inbns√¶nepw Chcpw ]n.Sn.F
P\d¬ t_mUnbn¬ AwKßfmbncn°pw.
803.7. JWvTnI3.5 ¬ ]d™n´pff AwKXz okpw k¿°m¿ \nba{]Imcw \n¿t±in® okpw
A√msX as‰mcp ^okpw sImSp°m≥ c£nXm°ƒ _m[yÿc√; Ahsc AXn\p
\n¿_‘n°m\pw ]mSn√.
3.8. ap≥ h¿jsØ aq∂mw tSanse ]n.Sn.F P\d¬ t_mUn tbmKw Xocpam\n°pIbmsW¶n¬
kvIqfnse \S∏v A°mZanI h¿jsØ {]tXyIw \n¿ΔNn°s∏´n´pff A°mZanI
Bhiy߃°mbn Xmsgs°mSpØn´pff ]camh[n \nc°n¬ Hmtcm hn`mKØnse
hnZym¿∞n/c£nXmhn¬ \n∂pw ≠v tiJcn°mhp∂XmWv.
F¬]n hn`mKw .................................................................... 20 cq]
bp.]n hn`mKw ....................................................................... 50 cq]
sslkvIqƒ hn`mKw .......................................................... 100 cq]
lb¿sk°≥Udn/shmt°jW¬
lb¿sk°≥Udn .............................................................. 400 cq]
Hcp c£nXmhns\bpw ta¬∏d™ XpI sImSp°m≥ \n¿_‘n°pItbm {]kvXpX XpI
sImSp°mØ c£nXmhns‚ aIƒ°v/aI\v kvIqƒ {]thi\w \ntj[n°pItbm sNøm≥ ]mSn√.
C°mcyw Dd∏mt°≠ NpaXe {]n≥kn∏en\v/slUvamÃdn\v BWv.
3.9. hnZym¿∞nIƒ /c£I¿Øm°fn¬ \n∂v tiJcn°p∂ XpIbv°v A∏t∏mƒ Xs∂
sk{I´dn/JPm≥Pn H∏n v kvIqƒ ko¬ ]Xn® cioXn sImSpt°≠XmWv.
3.10. kvIqƒ {]thi\w ]q¿Ønbm°n HcmgvNbv°pffn¬ ]n.Sn.F AwKXz ^okv tiJcn®
a‰p XpI F∂nhbpsS IrXyamb IW°pIƒ ]n.Sn.F {]knU‚ v, sk{I´dn, JPm≥Pn
F∂nh¿ H∏n v kvIqƒ t\m´okv t_mUn¬ ]Xnt°≠XmWv.
3.11. ]n.Sn.F bpsS Imjv _p°v,seUvP¿, tbmK\S]SnIfpsS an\pSvkv ]pkvXIw tÃmIv
cPnÿ F∂nh JPm≥PnbpsS klmbtØmsS sk{I´dn Xømdmt°≠Xpw kvIqƒ
Hm^okn¬ Xs∂ Ch sk{I´dnbpsS DØchmZnXzØn¬ kq£nt°≠XpamWv.
3.12. P\d¬ t_mUn sXcs™Sp°p∂ c≠wK kanXn ]n.Sn.F bpsS IW°pIƒ HmUn‰v
sNtø≠Xp≠v. IqSmsX _‘s∏´ F.C H/hnZym`ymk D]UbdIvS¿/doPnbW¬
D]UbdIvS¿(F®v Fkv Fkv)/Aknk‰‚ v UbdIvS¿(hnF®v Fkv Fkv) F∂nhcpw
HmUn‰v sNtø≠XmWv.
3.13. FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰nbpsS Xocpam\{]Imcw sk{I´dnbpw JPm≥Pnbpw {]knU‚pambn
IqSnbmtemNn®mWv ]n. Sn.F.bpsS ]Ww ssIImcyw sNtø≠Xv. ssIøncn∏v XpI
Hcn°epw 1,000/˛ cq]bn¬ IhnbcpXv.
3.14. AXymhiy L´ßfn¬ {]knU‚nt‚bpw JPm≥PnbptSbpw tcJmaqeamb
AwKoImctØmsS ]camh[n 3,000/˛ cq] hsc ]n.Sn.F ^≠n¬ \n∂pw ]n≥hen®v
sk{I´dn°v sNehm°mhp∂XmWv.
3.15. 3000 cq]bv°p apIfn¬ 30,000/˛ cq] hscbpff XpI sNehgn°m≥ FIvknIyq´ohv
IΩn‰nbptSbpw (30,000/˛ cq]bv°p apIfnepff XpI sNehgn°m≥ {Kma]©mbØpIfn¬,
t£aImcy Ãm≥UnwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿t]gvks‚bpw ap≥kn∏men‰nIfnepw
tIm¿∏tdj\pIfnepw, BtcmKy hnZym`ymk Ãm≥UnwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿t]gvks‚bpw
A\paXn ap≥Iqdmbn hmtß≠XmWv.)
3.16. ]n. Sn. F ^≠v D]tbmKn®v kvIqƒ hml\߃ hmßp∂Xn\pw hmßnbh
hn¬°p∂Xn\pw ]n.Sn.F P\d¬ t_mUnbpsS AwKoImcw hmßWw.
813.17. ]n.Sn. F ^≠nte°v e`n°p∂ F√mhn[ XpIbpw A∏t∏mƒ Xs∂ JPm≥Pn H∏n´
cioXn \¬tI≠XmWv.
3.18. Hmtcm FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰nbnepw AXphscbpff hchp sNehp IW°pIƒ
AhXcn∏n®v AwKoImcw hmßWw.
3.19. ]Ww ]n≥hen®m¬ AXns‚ IW°pIƒ icnbm°n hu®dpIƒ h®tijw am{Xta
IqSpX¬ ]Ww ]n≥hen°m≥ ]mSpffq.
3.20. FIvknIyq´ohv IΩn‰nbpsS Xocpam\Øn\p hnt[bambn
kvIqƒ cPnÃdpIƒ
Hm^okv BhiyØn\pff tÃj\dn,
kvIqƒ Ubdn
Xncn®dnb¬ Im¿Uv,
cmkhkvXp°ƒ Dƒs∏sSbpff et_md´dn km[\߃/D]IcW߃,
Iºyq´¿ em_nte°mhiyamb Iºyq´¿, a‰v A\p_‘ D]IcW߃,
sshZypX D]IcW߃,
kvt]m¿Svkv/IfnIƒ F∂nhbv°v Bhizamb D]IcW߃
^Ãv FbvUn\pff kma{KnIƒ,
I°qkv hrØnbm°m\pff ]Zm¿∞߃,
ip≤Pe hnXcWØn\mhiyamb ss]∏v, Sm∏v XpSßnbh, ¿Wn®dpIƒ,
kvIqƒ hml\ßfpsS dn∏b¿ sNehpIƒ,
]{Xw/B\pImenI߃ XpSßnbh hmßm≥,
^¿Wn®dpIƒ, P\¬, hmXn¬ XpSßnbhbpsS dn∏b¿, kvIqfns‚ ¢mkvapdnbpsS
sNdnbXcw A‰Ip‰∏Wn XpSßnbhbpsS sNehpIƒ,
I°qkv, aq{X∏pc, IpSnshffkuIcyw, Ifnÿew F∂nh D≠m°p∂Xn\v,
sI´nS \n¿ΩmWs®ehpIƒ XpSßnbh,
D®°™n e{]Zambn \SØm\mhiyamb sNehpIƒ,
kvIqfns‚ A`nhr≤n°mbn ]n.Sn.F FIvknIyq´ohv IΩ‰n Xocpam\n°p∂
sNehn\߃ XpSßnbhbv°v ]n.Sn.F ≠v D]tbmKn°mhp∂XmWv.
3.21 kvIqfn¬ \S°p∂ kmwkvImcnI ]cn]mSnIƒ, skan\mdpIƒ, N¿®Iƒ,]T\m\p_‘
{]h¿Ø\ßfmb bphPt\m’hw/_meIemtaf, imkv{Xtaf, ImbnI taf, kvIqƒ
]m¿esa‚ v {]h¿Ø\߃ F∂nhbv°pw Icnb¿ ssKU≥kv XpSßnb
{]h¿Ø\߃°pw FIvknIyq´ohv IΩ‰nbpsS AwKoImctØmsS ]n.Sn.F ^≠v
sNehgn°mhp∂XmWv.
3.22 Hmtcm h¿jhpw tiJcn°p∂ ≠n¬ Ipd™Xv 15 iXam\w kvIqƒ sse{_dnbnte°v
]pkvXI߃ hmßm≥ D]tbmKs∏SptØ≠XmWv.
* JWvUnI 3.15 k¿°m¿ DØchv ]n∂oSv t`ZKXn hcpØpIbpw 30,000 cq]bv°p apIfnepff
XpI sNehgn°p∂Xn\v ]©mbØv A[nImcnIfpsS A\paXn°p ]Icw ]n.Sn.F P\d¬
t_mUntbmKØns‚ A\paXn F∂m°n am‰pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v.
82
tIcf k¿°m¿
kw{Klw
s]mXphnZym`ymk hIp∏v kwÿm\sØ hnhn[ kvIqfpIfn¬ s]mXpNSßpIƒ \SØp∂Xn\pff
kabhpw {IaoIcWhpw am¿§tcJ/\n¿t±i߃ ]pds∏Sphn®v DØchmIp∂p.
s]mXphnZym`ymkw (Pn) hIp∏v
Pn.H.(B¿.‰n.)\w : 631/09/s]m. hn. h. XobXn, Xncph\¥]pcw, 6/2/2009.
DØchv
hnZymebßfn¬ \S°p∂ ]e s]mXpNSßpIfpw Hu]NmcnIXbpsS AXn{]kcwsIm≠v
\ndwaßnt∏mImdp≠v. hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v s]mXpsh hnckamb {]kwK߃ am{Xambn Ch
Bcw`n°pIbpw Ip´nIfpsS a\ n¬ H∂pw _m°nbmhmsX Ahkm\n°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Iogv
hg°ßƒ ]men°m\pff hy{KXbn¬ CØcw NSßpIƒ°v ]et∏mgpw Znimt_m[wXs∂
\jvSs∏Smdp≠v. AXn\m¬ hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v BI¿jIamb hn[Øn¬ k¿KmflIambn
hnZymebØnse s]mXp NSßpIƒ \StØ≠XmWv.
hnZymeb hm¿jnImtLmj߃ Bkq{XWw sNøptºmƒ Xmsg∏dbp∂ Imcy߃
{i≤nt°≠XmWv.
apgph≥ hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw ]¶mfnØw e`n°pwhn[Øn¬ hnhn[ßfmb ]cn]mSnIƒ
Bhnjv°cn°pI.
{]Z¿i\߃, \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø\߃, F√mh¿°pw ]¶mfnØw e`n°pwhn[apff
hnhn[ßfmb a’c߃ F∂nh hm¿jnImtLmjØns‚ mKam°pI.
CXn\pth≠n hnZym¿∞nIƒIqSn Dƒs∏Sp∂ P\Iob kanXnIƒ cq]oIcn°pI, NpaXeIƒ
hn`Pn®p \¬IpI, hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v dnt∏m¿´nwKn\v Ahkcw \evIpI.
Iem˛ImbnI hnZym`ymkØns‚ {]m[m\yhpw {]k‡nbpw hniZam°p∂ {]h¿Ø\߃°v
thZnsbmcp°pI.
Hmtcm hnZym¿∞n°pw Hmtcm kΩm\w/AwKoImcw In´pwhn[Øn¬ Ahkcsamcp°pI.
{]mtZinI hnZKvZcpsSbpw {]mtZinI hn`hßfptSbpw hn\ntbmKw Dd∏phcpØpwhn[apff
aps∂mcp°ßƒ \SØpI.
F√m c£nXm°fptSbpw Xt±i kzbw`cW {]Xn\n[nIfpsSbpw ]¶mfnØw Dd∏p hcpØpI.
kwL{]h¿Ø\߃°v IqSpX¬ Ahkcw e`n°pw hn[Øn¬ hm¿jnImtLmj
Iem]cn]mSnIƒ Nn´s∏SpØpI.
vii. s]mXpNSßpIƒ ˛ DØchv
83hnZymebsØ hn`mKßfm°msX ka{Kambn I≠psIm≠v hm¿jnImtLmjw Bkq{XWw
sNøpI.
ta¬hnhcn® kmlNcyØn¬ hnZymebßfn¬ s]mXpNSßv \SØn∏n\mbn Xmsg sImSpØ
am¿KtcJ \n¿t±in®v DØchv ]pds∏Sphn°p∂p.
s]mXpth \mev]Ønb©p an\nt‰m Gdnbm¬ Hcp aWn°qtdm \o≠p\n¬°p∂ NSßpIƒ
Bkq{XWw sNøpI.
Ip´nIƒ°v Ccn∏nSw Dd∏m°pI. ]cn]mSnIƒ \∂mbn ImWm≥ Ahkcw D≠mIWw (200-250
Ip´nIfpff hnZymebßfn¬ Ccn°m\mbn sNdnb ]mbIƒ hmßp∂Xv em`Icambncn°pw).
sNdnb kZ pIƒ acØWen¬ Bhmw. AXn\p ]‰nb ÿew Is≠ØpI. Im‰pw
shfn®hpapff ÿeßfmWv A\ptbmPyw.
A\ptbmPyamb kabw Is≠ØpI.
NSßpIƒ {]Jym]n® kabØp Xs∂ XpSßpIbpw Ahkm\n∏n°pIbpw sNøpI. C°mcyw
ap≥Iq´n £WnXm°sf Adnbn°Ww. apJymXnYn sshIpsa∂v ap≥Iq´n Adnbn∏p e`n®m¬
AXp IW°nseSpØp ]cn]mSn ]p\:{IaoIcn°mw. DZmlcWØn\v apJymXnYnbpsS NSßv
HgnsI a‰p ]cn]mSnIfpw BiwkIfpw ]q¿Ønbm°pI.
s]mXp NSßpIƒ°mbn ¢m pIƒ ]q¿Æambpw Hgnhm°p∂ {]hWX \ncp’mls∏SpØpI.
NSßn\ptijw A≤yb\w XpS¿∂pw \S°pwhn[Øn¬ hnZymeb {]h¿Ø\w {IaoIcn°pI.
hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v kzX{¥ambn tÃPnseØm\pw Ccn∏nSØnseØm\pw kuIcyw D≠m°pI.
c£nXm°ƒ°v Ip´nIƒs°m∏w Ccn∏nSsamcp°pI. Hmtcm c£nXmhnt\bpw AwKoIcn°m\pw
Ah¿°pth≠ Ccn∏nSsamcp°m\pw khntijamb {i≤bp≠mhWw.
thZnbpw kvIqƒ ]cnkchpw Ae¶cn°m≥ Ip´nIfpsS k¿KmflI krjvSnIƒ, Nn{X߃
t]∏¿ I´nwKpIƒ, ]´w t]mepff Ae¶mc coXnIƒ, ]q°ƒ, IpcptØme XpSßnbh
D]tbmKn°mw. ]Ws®ehpff Nab߃, t_m¿UpIƒ, sse‰pIƒ F∂nh Hgnhm°Ww.
^vfIvkv Dƒs∏sSbpff πmÃn°pIƒ ]q¿Æambpw Hgnhm°Ww. emfnXyambncn°Ww
s]mXpNSßpIfpsS apJap{Z.
Xmes∏men, AXnYnIƒ°mbn tdmUn\ncphihpw ImØp\nev]v, AXnYnIsf kzoIcn°m≥
hnZym¿∞nIsf Zo¿LZqcw hcnbmbn \Sج XpSßnbh hnZymebßfn¬ Xo¿Øpw
Hgnhmt°≠XmWv. Ah \ntcm[n®ncn°p∂p.
anIvkUv kvIqfpIfn¬ s]¨Ip´nIsf am{Xw D]tbmKs∏SpØnbpff kzoIcW߃ Xo¿Øpw
Hgnhm°Ww.
kvIqƒ AkwªnIƒ Imcyam{X {]k‡ambncn°Ww. Zo¿Lkabw \o´ns°m≠p t]mIp∂Xv
DNnXa√.
s]mXp NSßns‚ Bkq{XWØnepw \SØn∏nepw hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v ]camh[n ]¶mfnØw
sImSp°pI.
HmtcmcpØcptSbpw ÿm\hpw sshinjvSyhpw tkh\ßfpw FSpØp]d™v AXnYnIsf
Zo¿Lt\cw hmgvØp∂ XcØnepff kzmKX`mjWhpw, ]cn]mSnbpsS Kuchw sISpØp∂
84bp‡nclnXhpw, hnhcWmflhpamb \μn {]Imi\hpw Hgnhm°Ww.
hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v Xmev]cytam sh√phnfntbm P\n∏n°mØ coXnbntem hnjbØntem Dff
N¿®, kwhmZw, {]kwKw F∂nh Hgnhm°pI.
NSßn¬ kzmKXw, \μn, A≤y£X, DZvLmS\w F∂nhbv°pffhsc IqSmsX ]camh[n
Ht∂m ct≠m t]sc am{Xw Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂XmWv. ]cn]mSn KuchapffXmhm≥ AXmWv
\√Xv.
t\m´okn¬ t]cpff F√mhcptSbpw t]cpIƒ FSpØv ]d™v kwt_m[\ sNbvXpsIm≠v
HmtcmcpØcpw {]kwKw XpSßp∂Xv XnI®pw A\mhiyamWv. Cu coXn Hgnhm°Ww.
(Kh¿WdpsS DØchn≥ {]Imcw)
sPbnwkv h¿§okv
Kh¨sa‚ v sk{I´dn.
85
s]mXphnZym`ymk UbdIvSdpsS \S]Sn{Iaw
hnjbw : s]mXphnZym`ymkw˛hnhcmhImi \nbaw 2005˛ss{]adn kv°qfpIfn¬
]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿ XkvXnI ÿm\\n¿t±iw sNbvXp t`ZKXn
DØchv ]pds∏Sphn°p∂p.
]cma¿iw : 1) s]mXphnZym`ymk UbdIvSdpsS 16-˛07˛07se H & Fw (3)
77655/05 \º¿ DØchv.
2) kwÿm\ hnhcmhImi IΩojs‚ 9/3/09˛se 9280/Fkv.sF.kn.˛P\.1/
08 \º¿ IØv.
DØchv \º¿ : H & Fw (3)19180/09/Un.]n.sF. XobXn, 25/03/2009.
]cma¿iw (1) se DØchp {]Imcw s]mXp hnZym`ymk UbdIvStd‰v, UbdIvStd‰pambn
_‘s∏´ Pn√m/D]Pn√m k_v Unhnj≥ XeØnepff B^okpIfnepw A∏te‰v B^ok¿,
]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ B^ok¿, Akn v ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ B^ok¿ XkvXnIIfn¬
ÿm\ \n¿t±iw \¬In DØchmbn´p≠v.
{]kvXpX DØchp {]Imcw ]cma¿iw (2)se kwÿm\ hnhcmhImi IΩojs‚
IØp{]Imcw t`ZKXn hcpØn ss{]adn kvIqfnse slUvamÃsd ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥
B^okdmbpw _‘s∏´ D]Pn√m hnZym`ymk B^oksd A∏te‰v B^okdmbpw ÿm\\n¿t±iw
\¬In DØchv ]pds∏Sphn°p∂p.
ta¬ XkvXnIIfnte°v \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏´ B^ok¿amcpsS t]cv, sSent^m¨ \º¿
F∂nh A\p_‘ DØchpIfneqsS {]kn≤oIcnt°≠Xpw hnhcmhImi IΩoj≥
sk{I´dntbbpw Cu B^oknepw Adnbnt°≠XpamWv. AXmXv XkvXnIIfn¬ XpScp∂h¿
Ah[nbn¬ {]thin°pItbm hncan°pItbm sNbvXm¬, XpS¿∂v Nm¿÷v FSp°p∂h¿ {]kvXpX
DtZymKÿcmbn {]h¿Ønt°≠XmWv. CØcØn¬ ImemImeßfn¬ D≠mIp∂ am‰ßƒ
s]mXphnZym`ymk UbdIvStd‰nepw hnhcmhImi IΩoj≥ sk{I´dnbpsS Hm^oknepw
Adnbnt°≠XmWv.
˛s]mXphnZym`ymk UbdIvS¿.
viii. hnhcmhImiw ˛ DØchv