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Engineers Without Borders - Notre Dame Margot Hughan, The University of Notre Dame College of Engineering

Project Reporting Process

Water Testing Results

The Alfred and Sarah Bilingual Academy of Sangmelima, Cameroon Partnership to Achieve Success

Success Indicators

Minnimum 270

25

45

10

15

15

Minimum 6m

Approved By: Rod Beadle 12/09/2014Nov-15-14Date:0.100Scale

Units: cmConcrete Pad

Title:Drawn By: EWB-University of Notre Dame

SCALE 0.020

Foundation of Slab

SECTION XSEC0001-XSEC0001 Drainage Channel

Slope 2%

11 59.227, 2 57.305

11 59.269, 2 57.262

11 59.268, 2 57.312Springbox

Water from spring by school

Water from high school

Primary building

Nursery Building

Ma Hannah's hand-dug well

Latrine

Local School Community

Coordinates given in degrees decimal minutes (E,N)

100 meters

200 feet

500

1000

661 - 670

671 - 680

681 - 690

691 - 700

701 - 710

Elevation (ft)

Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, TomTom, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan,METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, MapmyIndia, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community

Appendix 1.0 Water Testing Results

1.1 Spring Location(Name:( Alfred and Sarah Bilingual

Academy Sample(Date:( January 2, 2014

Address:( Sample Time:

6:30 PM

Village/City:( Sangmelima, Cameroon GPS N: Contact(Name:( GPS W: Water(Source:( Spring Phone:

Notes:( A spring located downhill and within 1 kilometer from the campus.

Parameter

Units

Reading

USEPA Standards Min Max Ideal

Physical and Chemical Properties Test Strips Total Cl mg/l 0 0 5 Free Cl mg/l 0 0 2 0.2 to 2.0 Hardness mg/l 25 0 250 < 80 Alkalinity mg/l 10 0 pH 6.8 6.5 8.5 7 Nitrite mg/l 0 0 1 0 Nitrate mg/l 3 0 10 0 Iron mg/l 0 0 0.3 0 Multimeter pH 8.2 6.5 8.5 7 Conductivity µS/l 52 0 1,000 TDS mg/l 37.1 Salinity mg/l 32.7 Temperature - Turbidity Meter Turbidity NTU - 0 5.0 < 1.0 Colorimeter Total Cl mg/l - 0 5 Free Cl mg/l - 0 2 0.2 to 2.0

Biological Properties Easy Gel Coliforms colonies 50 x 50 = c/100ml 2,500 0 0 0 E. coli colonies 7 X 50 = c/100ml 350 0 0 0

1.2 Springbox

Location(Name:( Alfred and Sarah Bilingual

Academy Sample(Date:( January 2, 2014

Address:( Sample Time:

6:30 PM

Village/City:( Sangmelima, Cameroon GPS N: Contact(Name:( GPS W: Water(Source:( Springbox Phone:

Notes:( A springbox located downhill and within 1 kilometer from the campus. (

Parameter

Units

Reading

USEPA Standards Min Max Ideal

Physical and Chemical Properties Test Strips Total Cl mg/l 0 0 5 Free Cl mg/l 0 0 2 0.2 to 2.0 Hardness mg/l 25 0 250 < 80 Alkalinity mg/l 20 0 pH 6.8 6.5 8.5 7 Nitrite mg/l 0 0 1 0 Nitrate mg/l 1 0 10 0 Iron mg/l 0 0 0.3 0 Multimeter pH 8.0 6.5 8.5 7 Conductivity µS/l 60.7 0 1,000 TDS mg/l 52 Salinity mg/l 41.9 Temperature - Turbidity Meter Turbidity NTU - 0 5.0 < 1.0 Colorimeter Total Cl mg/l - 0 5 Free Cl mg/l - 0 2 0.2 to 2.0

Biological Properties Easy Gel Coliforms colonies TNTC x 20 = c/100ml TNTC 0 0 0 E. coli colonies TNTC X 20 = c/100ml TNTC 0 0 0

Criteria Definition Analysis for Afridev Handpump Complexity of Design and Construction

Includes the technical skills required for the design and the skill level and amount of labor required for implementation

The Afridev Handpump is the most prevalent handpump un the region, and would thus be able to be constructed using a local contractor. Additionally, the design of the well and supporting structures would be within the scope of EWB-ND.

Cost Includes the cost of materials, labor, and transportation for initial construction as well and the long-term cost of maintenance and operation

Technical reports found online and through EWB indicate that a typical drilled borehole with a hand-pump should conservatively cost between $10,000 and $12,000 USD. Generally, however, the overall cost would depend on the depth required for the well as this would dictate the amount of cement required and the hours of labor.

Complexity of Maintenance

Evaluates the amount of time, materials, and labor required to upkeep the system and ensure its functionality.

To ensure the longevity of the source, two representatives from the community will be trained on how to maintain the pump and well. It is also recommended that the well be treated with chlorine annually and thoroughly disassembled and cleaned every five years. It is estimated that annual maintenance would be roughly $50 to $100 USD.

Quantity/ Ability to Meet Demands

Determines the amount of water made available form the source, therefore dictating the amount of people served and the project’s impact.

To allow for regulation of the well and proper practice, the well would be open for two hours in the morning and two hours in the evening for operation. As shown in Table X, assuming a pumping rate of 10 liters per minute, this would produce roughly 2,400 Liters per day, which would provide 14 Liters per day per person.

Susceptibility to Contamination

Addresses the alternative’s exposure to run-off, human interaction, and ground-water pollution from latrines.

The well would be properly sealed to protect against contamination and would be periodically cleaned and treated with chlorine annually. Although contamination of groundwater from latrines is a risk, the location of the well would be carefully determined and ensured to be upstream of all latrines and other sources of contamination.

Sustainability/ Opportunity for Growth

Encompasses the previously stated criteria of required maintenance and susceptibility to contamination, while also addressing the alternative’s potential for adaptation to meet a lesser or greater demand.

If the community were to grow or the availability of electricity were to become more consistent, it would be possible to convert the hand-pump well to an electric-pump well with an elevated tank. Because of the relative simplicity of the hand-pump design, the system would be sustainable as the replacement or repair of broken or damaged parts would be manageable.

Short Term Functionality Long Term Sustainability

Rate of flow Decrease in school absences related to health

Quality of Water Existence of broken components, i.e. valves, pump lever

Distance to water collection point Number of days per month that the system is not operational

Quantity of water available to each household during dry and wet seasons

Observed evidence of routine maintenance on the system done accurately without EWB-USA

Number (or percentage) of community members satisfied with the project

Duplication of any element of the system without EWB-USA

Number of days per month that the system is not operational

Balance available in maintenance fund

Water pressure in the system Chapter observed community members training others Cost of water to user

511 - Project Partner Roles and Responsibilities Revised 11/01/2012

© 2012 Engineers Without Borders USA. All Rights Reserved Page 1 of 2

Partnership Structure

x Community - Community-Based Organization (CBO) and Community Members (Examples include: water board, community development committee, women’s committee, village council, etc.)

x Local Partner Organization(s) - Local NGO and/or municipal/city government x EWB-USA

From years of experience, we have found that EWB-USA projects are most successful when there is a three-way partnership between each of the entities listed above. Each partner has specific skills and expertise, which together, contribute to a more sustainable project over the long-term. Typical Roles and Responsibilities The following roles and responsibilities are typical for EWB-USA community development projects and are intended to be a guideline and framework as each partner considers its unique contributions and roles from the initial phase of the project. It is important to note that each project, community, and partnering organization is unique and distinct. Therefore, roles and responsibilities may overlap between partners and/or may be different than what is listed below. Ultimately, the roles and responsibilities of each partner should be detailed in the agreements established between each partner.

Community (Community-Based Organization (CBO) and Community Members) x Contribute to project design (handle permissions/permits/property rights, provide feedback, help select

preferred design) x Provide in-kind contributions (skilled and unskilled labor, borrowed equipment, transportation,

translation, lodging and food, local materials, etc.) x Contribute financially towards capital costs (at least 5% of total project cost in cash will be required

beginning in fall 2013) x Responsible for 100% of the financial and logistical aspects of the operation and maintenance component

of the project (NOTE: This may be fulfilled by the local government, depending on the project type). x Organize and involve community members in all aspects of project x Support site preparations x Identify community contact(s) to accompany team during visits x Provide logistical support within community x Communicate directly with chapter on a regular basis x Data collection

Project

Community Local Partner(s)

EWB-USA

Community: •  Contribute to project design •  Provide in-kind contributions (skilled and unskilled labor, borrowed

equipment, transportation, •  translation, lodging and food, local materials, etc.) •  Contribute financially towards capital costs (at least 5% of total

project cost) •  Responsible for 100% of operation and maintenance. •  Organize and involve community members in all aspects of project

Local NGO Plant-A-Seed: •  Provide project-specific training for community members/CBO •  Monitor project progress •  Arrange translation services •  Inform chapter about changes to security/safety situation •  Visit community regularly •  Support site preparations EWB-USA: •  Design and construction

management •  Involve and seek input from all

partners during each phase of the design

•  Provide education and training, including O&M training and manual

The purpose of this project is to work with the Alfred and Sarah Bilingual Academy in Sangmelima, Cameroon to develop a clean, reliable water source at an academy that will serve the population of the school directly and the surrounding village indirectly. The school has a population of 171 students and faculty and is located about 7 km from downtown Sangmelima in a village called Etonolinga, which has a population of about 2,000. Currently, this village relies on drinking water from springs and hand-dug wells, which the team found to be contaminated with harmful bacteria that can lead to the spread of waterborne disease. Dealing with water related sicknesses or the alternative of traveling miles to obtain clean water from neighboring villages have also generally hindered the ability of the students to engage in academics and pursue careers.

Our Mission: To give engineering students the opportunity to pursue service related to their majors through the development, pursuit, and completion of various sustainable engineering projects both domestically and internationally.

Access to a local clean water source would allow the students to commit more fully to their studies as they will not be prevented from attending school because of sickness and will not have to travel to the local spring to collect water. Additionally, the chapter will provide materials and training for testing the water that will not only ensure the safety of the water source, but also provide scientific experience for the local students. Furthermore, access to clean water will help to break the cycle of poverty within the greater community, as it will enable its members to have the health and means to start new businesses and improve their lives and environment.

Range: 15m to 45m

1.0

5.0

10.0

5.0

200 mm

17.5

150 mm

1.0

10.0

Approved By: Rod BeadleNov-15-14Date:0.130Scale

Units: mWELL WITH HAND PUMPTitle:Drawn By: EWB-University of Notre Dame

ITEM NO.DESCRIPTION1Cap2Gravel3Large Gravel4Loose Soil5Rock6Sand7Seal8Sediment Zone

SCALE 0.060

SECTION XSEC0001-XSEC0001

2

3

1

6

7

4

8

5

Casing Pipe (PVC)