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HARMFUL SUBSTANCES & HAZARDOUS WASTESHAZARDOUS WASTES
What are some of the key hazardous wastes?
Which countries produce the most hazardous waste?
How can we reduce the impacts of hazardous waste?
Total Hazardous Waste Production (2005)metric tons
Clinical Wastes
ConstructionAsbestos
Electronics(e-waste)
ArsenicPCB chemicalsCadmiumLeadMercuryChromium
Pesticides
Source: Basel Convention 2002, Minimizing Hazardous Wastes: A Simplified Guide to the Basel Convention
CyanidePOP chemicals
IndustryStrong Acids and
Alkalis
196 844Ecuador
Source: Basel Convention 2005, National Reporting ; UNEP 2006, Vital Waste Graphics 2.
1 Minimize the generation of hazardous waste.Use and repair electronics for as long as possible.
2 Treat and dispose of hazardous wastes as close as possible to where they were generated.Be aware of where your recycler sends electronics. If donating to charity, make sure the program has a clear plan for recycling the electronics once they can no longer be used.
Glass Plastic Iron Aluminum Copper
Plastic Copper Glass
Lead Zinc Tin
Minor Material: Nickel Trace Material: Silver, Gold, Titanium, Platinum, Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury, Arsenic, and Others.
What materials are present in electronic appliances?
Coba
lt or
Lit
hium
Carb
on
Iron
Nick
elTi
n
Minor Material: Zinc, Silver, Chromium, Tantalum, Cadmium, Lead Trace Material: Antimony, Gold, BeryliumSource: UNEP 2006, Vital Waste Graphics 2; Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) 1996, Electronics Industry Environmental Roadmap.
Hazardous metals may seem to be only a small part of any device, but when many devices are disposed of together, this can lead to much higher concentrations, and even small concentrations of these metals are su�cient to have serious health impacts.
Source: (above) Basel Convention 2002, Minimizing Hazardous Wastes; (right) UNEP GEO Data Portal, compiled from UNSD
941 389Cuba
11 620 000China
422 550Mozambique
3 151 653South Korea
1 169 625Australia
7 015 908Estonia
548 916Malaysia221 802
Algeria
4 517 973Netherlands
534 199Ireland
856 902Austria
38 202Bahrain
North America to Chinae-waste
Europe to Africa
Europe to Asia
scrapped cars,
refrigerators, CFC products
cable, plastic, and electronic waste
Computer + Monitor
Mobile Phone
1 - 0.1% < 0.1%
2003 2005
Basel Convention not rati�ed (The Convention regulates transboundary movement of hazardous wastes.)
Countries that reported waste generation in 2005
Total Production
Luxembourg 1194Italy 1018Sweden 980Iceland 966Czech Republic 965Israel 961Finland 910Spain 909
Cell Phones per 100 PeopleSan Marino 91Canada 87Switzerland 86Netherlands 86Sweden 84
United States 77United Kingdom 77Denmark 70
Computers per 100 People
Major Illegal Waste Shipment Routes
Produced by UNEP/DEWA/GRID-Europe, Feb. 2009
www.unep.org
B a s i c
FACTS