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Strategic Plan for Risk Reduction: Haridwar City August 2018
Uttarakhand Disaster Recovery Project Page i
STATE LEVEL ENDORSEMENT
“The magnitude of hazards and frequency of extreme weather events in Uttarakhand has increased due to climate
change. The traditional methods of disaster management need to be overhauled, earlier the traditional methods used to
be relief, response and rehabilitation, but now the whole scenario has changed. We really have to upgrade our
capacities and strengthen our people.”
Mr. Amit Singh Negi
Disaster Management Secretary, Govt. of Uttarakhand
(State Workshop on “Strengthening Resilience to Climate Change Related Disaster Risks” held in Dehradun on 21st July 2017)
Strategic Plan for Risk Reduction: Haridwar City August 2018
Uttarakhand Disaster Recovery Project Page ii
Table of Contents
1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview of Area ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 About this Strategic Plan ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Area and Community Profile .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Haridwar Risk Profile ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Strategy Implementation, Monitoring, Evaluation ............................................................................................................................................. 25
2 Strategies ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
2.1 Overarching Strategies .................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
2.2 Specific Strategies for Earthquakes ................................................................................................................................................................. 35
2.3 Specific Strategies for Fluvial Floods ............................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.4 Specific Strategies for Landslides .................................................................................................................................................................... 42
3 Links to National and State Level Plans .................................................................................................................................................................. 46
Strategic Plan for Risk Reduction: Haridwar City August 2018
Uttarakhand Disaster Recovery Project Page 1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of Area
The Haridwar Strategic Risk Mitigation Plan presented here is intended to provide
key strategies and their priority with respect to mitigation of the identified risks
associated with earthquakes (High) and flooding (Moderate) for the City. The
strategies are for municipal leaders and planners, and are not technical. They are
easy to understand, realistic, and they are all achievable. Successful implementation
of the strategies will reduce the risk profile of this location.
Landslides in this location are a low risk, being ranked third to earthquakes and
flooding as priority one and two respectively. Greater detail is provided in the Risk
profile Section 1.3 below.
Over and above the threats these possible disasters pose to the estimated 400,000
residents of Haridwar City (a projected residential population of some 394, 900 people
in 2018), the annual pilgrim population of over 5 million and over 60 million pilgrims
for the Kumbha Mela - which is celebrated every 12 years - presents a set of
challenges that far exceed anything else within the State.
The 2010 mela saw approximately 10 million people bathed in the Ganges River on
the 14 April 2010, alone. By mid-April about 40 million people had bathed over the
preceding three months (since 14 January 2010). Thought to be the largest religious
gathering in the world, the Indian pilgrims are joined by many foreigners, both Hindu
and as tourists.
This setting represents a unique situation, and at this scale, unlike any other for the
State. It is addressed below in terms of the urban context in the first instance.
The pilgrimage context is addressed separately, but only in relation to local capacity
as it is presents a set of risks and the need for mitigation at a national, if not
international level, and is outside the scope of this case study.
Strategic Plan for Risk Reduction: Haridwar City August 2018
Uttarakhand Disaster Recovery Project Page 2
1.2 About this Strategic Plan
This document is an output of the Disaster Risk Assessment. It is one of 14 strategic plans produced
under the study that aim to reduce risk in the selected locations and serve as case studies for other
areas of risk in the State.
This Strategic Plan is built upon the hazard risk analysis undertaken by the project and formulated
around key elements of the disaster risk management (DRM) framework embodied in the Sendia
Framework.
The DRM process is sequential (cyclic) in order to allow adaptive improvement over time in order to
build back better. It is also intended to incorporate a focus on pre-impact preparation through planning
in order to mitigate risk associated with incidents before they occur.
This approach has been adopted at the National level.
While response and recovery are recognised as being reasonably short time frame processes (hours
and days to months), Mitigation and Preparation are seen as much more strategic processes over
longer time frames (months to years).
The National DRMP recognises three recovery periods after a disaster: a) Early – three to eighteen
months, b) Medium – within five years and c) Long-term – within five to ten years. The concept of “build
back better” points to continuous improvement in the mitigation and preparation process and its
implementation, over all time frames as funds and resources come to hand, risk profiles change, and skills and mitigation outcomes are increased or
realised. Continuous improvement represents a learning curve reflecting successes and failure – what has worked, what has not worked and how do we
do better into the future?
By developing strategies around the separate phases of DRM and recognizing the opportunity for improvements over time it is possible to prioritize the
actions that need to be taken. For each strategy presented here there is an initial list of key Actions include as the start of the process.
The strategies offered here are intended to aid the Municipality and its citizens, local authorities, businesses, private residents, and local NGOs, with the
intent of driving a ground up approach within a State level top down policy context. The challenge is for all organizations and individuals to take upon
themselves the responsibility of being prepared and being better able to offset the risks and manage the consequences of these disasters.
What is a Strategy?
“… a plan of action designed to achieve
a long-term or overall aim.”
A strategy gives recognition to an
overall goal and the way it might be
achieved, taking into account the
resource limitations and other
constraints being faced.
What is an Action?
An Action is a key step to be taken in
concert with other actions also needed
for the strategy to succeed.
Strategic Plan for Risk Reduction: Haridwar City August 2018
Uttarakhand Disaster Recovery Project Page 3
Strategic Plan for Risk Reduction: Haridwar City August 2018
Uttarakhand Disaster Recovery Project Page 4
1.3 Area and Community Profile
1.3.1 Topography
Haridwar is situated in the plains of Uttarakhand along the banks of the Ganges at an elevation of 314 metres. The city lies in the Terai physiographic
zone i.e. south of the Shivalik hills and north of the Indo-gangetic plains.
1.3.2 Climate
Haridwar experiences a moderate sub-tropical to humid climate with 3 distinct seasons namely summer (March-end till June-end), monsoon (June-end
till mid-September) and winter (November to mid-March) with an average an
