Happy Thursday!Take out your homework (Columbian

Exchange Mix and Match) so I can come around and check it

My whiteboards have officially died so here is the schedule for today:Leadership in Jamestown activityJamestown notesPostcards from JamestownHOMEWORK: FINISH YOUR POSTCARD

Jamestown

Jamestown• First permanent English settlement in North

America- 1607• Joint-stock company- investors pool their

money to fund the colony– Virginia Company of London

• Settled by people seeking economic opportunities

• “Cavaliers”- English nobility who got land grants from King of England

• Indentured Servants- agreed to work in exchange for passage

Stop and Think!Most people who came to Jamestown were

men. What problem might that create?

Rocky Start…Almost failed due to disease and starvation

Ultimately succeeded due to Capt. John Smith’s leadership and tobacco

ProblemsEveryone’s looking for gold and profitDisease ran rampant from bad waterStarvation- too many people looking for gold,

not enough people planting cropsRelations with the Powhatan Indians- TENSE“Starving Time”- Winter of 1609-1610

Out of the 500 colonists only 60 survived!!

Successes• New settlers arrived in perfect time to save the

colony• Tobacco- “Brown Gold”- introduced by John Rolfe

in 1612• Headright System- solved labor issues- 50 acres

for paying a laborer’s passage– Laborer became indentured servant- full passage +

food and shelter in return for 4-7 years of labor• Low class English but also first Africans• When numbers declined, African slavery took over as

primary form of labor

• Established House of Burgesses (1619)- Virginia’s colonial legislature, first representative body in North America

Stop and Think!Summarize the Headright System and

indentured servants. Is it possible this “success” could become a failure? Why or why not?

Clashes with Native Americans • Relations with Natives got worse in time• No intermarriage like the Spanish• Colonists wanted more land for tobacco,

Native Americans resisted• 1622- Opechancanough’s revolt- wiped out

1/3 of VA settlers– Not to mention VA Company was in debt- King

James revokes the company’s charter• 1624- VA becomes a royal colony- under the direct

control of the king

Economic Differences split VARich v. PoorWealthy Cavaliers in eastern VA-tons of land

and money-represented by Governor BerkeleyFormer indentured servants in western VA

and frontier- no land, no money, no protection from Natives- represented by Nathaniel Bacon

Bacon’s Rebellion• Poor whites in west (including former indentured

servants) revolted against VA gov’t• WHY???

– Lack of protection from Native Americans– Lack of representation in the House of Burgesses

• Revolted and marched on and burned Jamestown• Bacon died, Berkley took over• Significance: led to more planters choosing

African slaves over indentured servants b/c revolt was less likely

Stop and Think!What was the main cause of Bacon’s

Rebellion?

Happy Monday!!!Take out your Jamestown postcards! I will

come around and stamp your assignment sheet but I will ALSO collect the postcards!

Today’s Schedule:America: The Story of US- PlymouthNew England NotesPuritans Acrostic

New England

SettlersEnglish Puritans seeking religious freedom

beginning in 1620Some non-Puritans came as well

Pilgrims v. PuritansSeparatists/ Pilgrims- church members who

wanted to break away completely from the Church of EnglandCame on the Mayflower

Mayflower Compact- before leaving the ship all men signed an agreement to create a civil gov’t based on English law BIG STEP TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC GOV’T IN

AMERICA

Established the Plymouth Colony (2nd permanent English settlement)

Pilgrims v. Puritans (continued)Puritans- church members who wanted to

“purify” or reform the Church of England (aka Anglican Church)Reforms include getting rid of all Roman

Catholic practicesGoal was the establish a new society where

they could practice their religion free from persecution

Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony

PuritansJohn Winthrop- first leader of the Puritans in

Mass Bay ColonyWanted to establish a “City Upon a Hill”-

Boston “For we must consider that we shall be a City upon

a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us”

Massachusetts Bay ColonyRight to vote in MBC was based on being

male and church membershipLegislation was called the General Court

No division between church and state- gov’t and laws based on Puritan vision

Much better organized than JamestownEntire families moved over not just individual

laborers

Stop and Think!What is the advantage of having whole

families settle rather than individual laborers?

Unrest in the Puritan CommunityNot everyone agreed with the Puritan visionRoger Williams- believed the following:

England had no claim to land unless they bought it from Native Americans

Called for separation of church and state- thought people should be able to practice their own religion

Founded colony of Rhode Island (Providence is capital) Based on religious freedom and separation of church

and state

Unrest in Puritan Community (continued)Anne Hutchison-

Taught lessons from the Bible Women were not allowed to do this Thought people could interpret the Bible for

themselvesBanished from Massachusetts, Moved to Rhode

Island and later to New York

Stop and Think!Looking at Roger Williams and Anne

Hutchison, how would you describe MBC’s view of people who think differently from them?

Relations with Native AmericansMass. settlers moved into new areas and set

up colonies in Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire- resistance from Native Americans

Native Americans did NOT believe in owning land- belonged to all for communal useEuropean settlers believed in private

ownership of land= conflict

Wars with Native AmericansPequot War (1637): Connecticut

Pequots revolted against English- nearly wiped out

Massacre at Mystic- brutal extermination tactics used

King Philip’s War (1675): all over New EnglandWampanoag chief Metacom revolted against

English settlersEnglish won, displayed Metacom’s head in

Plymouth for 20 yearsSignificance: end of Native American resistance

in NE

Happy Tuesday!Pick up a “DO NOW” and start working on it

Here is the schedule for today:Do NowMiddle Colonies NotesColonies Chart and MapHOMEWORK: FINISH CHART AND MAP

Middle Colonies

The Dutch Found New Netherlands Henry Hudson (English) sailed for the Dutch

up the Hudson River in NYNew Netherlands established for economic

reasonsFur trade

New Amsterdam is the capitalHas better relations with the Native

Americans than English b/c of the fur trade

Changes come to New NetherlandsThe Dutch take over New Jersey from the

SwedesCant get enough settlers so they open it up to

different types of people Dutch, German, French Huguenots (Protestants),

Jews, Scandinavians, Africans (both slave and free)

Duke of York (English) conquers the Dutch colony and renames it New York in 1664Becomes the proprietor or owner of New York

but gave away New Jersey to his friends

Stop and Think!How did New Netherlands become so

diverse?

PennsylvaniaQuakers- Protestant group devoted to

equality, cooperation, and religious toleranceServices held without ministers, plain dress and

pacifistsWilliam Penn= founder and proprietor of PA-

the “Holy Experiment” Philadelphia- capitalAll settlers promised 50 acres of land and the

right to voteFreedom of Religion

Pennsylvania (continued)Delaware eventually became an off-shoot of

PARelations with Native Americans were

generally goodPenn showed respect to them

Needed more settlers so opened it up to diverse groupsQuakers, Germans, Dutch and French

Stop and Think!How was the Pennsylvania colony different

from Jamestown or MBC?

The Rest of the 13 Original Colonies

Maryland (Southern)- Founded by Lord Baltimore as a haven for CatholicsAct of Toleration- led to religious freedom in

MD for a whileCarolinas (Southern)- land granted to King

Charles II’s friends, South of VAPlantation system emerged in South Carolina-

very wealthyGeorgia (Southern)- founded by James

Oglethorpe as a haven for debtorsAlso a buffer with Spain

The Rest (continued)Connecticut- Founded by Thomas Hooker-

bought the land from the Native AmericansNew Hampshire- Founded by John

Wheelwright- criticized Puritan teachings

Happy Thursday!!!Take out your chart/map so I can come

around and check it!

We will go over the chart to ensure you have the right answers to study from!

Today we are on an activity period schedule

England and Its Colonies

England’s Colonies ProsperMercantilism- economic philosophy of

England- to acquire more gold and silver than other nations. HOW?Become self-sufficientexport more than importColonies exist for the benefit of the mother

country Colonies provide raw materials to England (lumber,

fur, fish, tobacco) England provides manufactured goods (furniture,

utensils, books, china

Navigation ActsA series of laws that regulated and restricted

colonial trade- caused resentment from colonies

Goods from colonies had to be carried on British ships

Goods from colonies had to be shipped through England first

Stop and Think!!Why did England impose the Navigation

Acts?

How could this lead to resentment from the colonist?

Dominion of New EnglandNew England colonies were grouped together

with New York and New Jersey under one royal governor, Sir Edmond AndrosResented by colonistsWas too big for one man to govern

Glorious RevolutionWilliam and Mary were named co-monarchs,

replacing James IIBroke up the Dominion of New EnglandEngland focused more on France than on the

colonies

Stop and Think!What do you think will happen when England

switches its focus away from the colonies? (think back to the Navigation Acts)

Salutary NeglectEngland did NOT strictly enforce its

mercantilist policiesNavigation Acts were largely ignored by

colonistColonial legislatures were more powerful than

the royal governorsColonists were still very loyal to England

Southern EconomiesCash crops- agricultural products grown for

sale rather than for a farmer’s own use- **CROP grown for CASH**Examples: tobacco (MD, VA), rice and indigo

(SC)Self-sufficient plantations developed along

navigable riversLed to a lack of towns or cities in the South

Southern SocietyEthnic diversity was common in the southern

coloniesGermans settled in MD, VA and SCScots-Irish settled in western VA and NC- foothills

of the Appalachian MountainsMajority of southern population were small

farmers, but plantation owners controlled most of the power

Women had few legal, social or political rightsIndentured servants- decline by 1700

Slavery in the Southern ColoniesAfrican Slavery- primary source of labor on

southern plantations by 1700sRacism played an important part on the growth of

slaverySlave Trade- part of the Triangular Trade

Rum traded from NE to AfricaSlaves traded from Africa to CaribbeanSugar and Molasses traded from Caribbean to NEMiddle Passage- Slaves to Caribbean

Most slaves worked in fields of plantations

Africans in the New WorldCame from many different cultures, spoke

many different languagesAfrican culture preserved despite difficult

conditions of slaveryArt, pottery, music, stories, dance

Slave ResistanceTook many forms:

Passive resistance- fake illnesses, breaking tolls, work slowdowns

Escape/Runaways- punishment was harsh, but occurred frequently

Revolt- Stono Rebellion (1739) 20 slaves in SC rebelled and headed for Spanish

Florida, captured and killed by SC militia

Stop and Think!Describe the economy and the society in the

Southern Colonies.

Commerce in the NorthNew England:

Small farming- colder climate and rocky soilFishingLumberShipbuildingPort city- Boston

Middle Colonies:Larger farms- multiple crops and livestockMerchant activity increasePort cities: NYC and Philadelphia

Northern SocietyDiverse society!

Immigration in the 1700s was common English, German, Scot-Irish, Dutch, Scandinavians,

Jews

Slavery existed in the North too, but not as common

Women had few legal rights and couldn’t voteSalem Witch Trials- Massachusetts, 1692-

hysteria caused by accusations of witch-craft20 people convicted and killed

New Ideas Influence the ColonistsEnlightenment- emphasis on reason and logic

to obtain knowledgeBenjamin Franklin- most famous enlightenment

figure in AmericaThe Great Awakening- religious revival that

swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740sTraveling ministers delivering sermons to mass

audiences

Significance of the Great AwakeningIncreased importance of religion throughout

the coloniesNew Christians- Native Americans and

Africans/African-AmericansNew religious sects (branches)- Baptists and

MethodistHelped lay the foundation for the American

Revolution

What to expect on Test Day:1. I will come around and stamp your assignment

sheets if you have your study guides complete2. Next I will collect the assignment sheets so I can

record the grades into Clarity3. You will have the first 25 minutes to look over your

study guides and get some last minute studying done

4. You will be given a test packet and an answer sheet- DO NOT WRITE ON THE TEST

5. On the answer sheet you will sign the honor code and begin working

6. When you finish your test you will place it on my desk and pick up vocabulary to work on

Important Test informationFor those students who score below an 80%

on the test you will be required to do a remediation activity

THIS IS AN EXTRA ASSIGNMENT THAT MUST BE COMPLETED!!!!

It is to your benefit to study as much as possible and do your best on the test!!!!