Hannah Wilde Article Contributions-GPS Edition 5

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Within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, a conurbation housing a huge 2.7 million people and boasting the third-largest urban economy in the UK, is Salford, an area that has grown in both popularity and esteem in recent years.

Salford is a city steeped in culture, history and prestige. Its boundaries are clearly marked by the majestic River Irwell, as well as being home to interesting historical landmarks including the first free public park in the UK, the first free public library in Great Britain, and Chapel Street, the first street in the world to boast gas streetlamps way back in 1806.

Despite being built on a rich and illustrious past, Salford slipped into disrepair after its lifeblood, the Manchester Ship Canal, closed in 1982. Once known as Britain’s third-biggest port (despite being 50km inland), the Manchester Ship Canal in its heyday put Salford at the forefront of the world’s industrial revolution, with a reputation as one of the UK’s major industrial towns. The city’s thriving cotton and industrial trade allowed Salford to enjoy booming commerce, a skyrocketing population, and high employment rates. However, the late 1960s saw a rapid decline in dockland activity—Greater Manchester’s manufacturing sector was dwindling, several innovative new shipping techniques were introduced (including containerisation and increasing ship sizes), and a significant shift in trade patterns. Therefore, it was no surprise that 1982 saw the final closing of the docks and the loss of 3,000 jobs, leaving in its wake

redundant and derelict infrastructure, a declining employment economy and a surplus of land that was once the backbone of the city.

However, the present and future of Salford doesn’t paint such a bleak picture. After the closure of the docks, Salford City Council formulated a complete overhaul for the city, seeking to establish a framework for environmental improvement, economic development and employment in an attempt to entice both public and private sector long-term investors. Thus, the revolution of Salford began.

Fast-forward to 2015 and every aspect of the city is utterly unrecognisable. From the iconic Salford Quays area to Chapel Street, the central corridor between Salford and Manchester, the whole city has benefitted from a huge injection of investment capital from both public and private funds to build Salford back up to its former glory. And the area is truly burgeoning as a result. There are a number of individual regeneration projects happening all over Salford, but with one collective vision in mind: to turn Salford into a modern global city in its own right.

MediaCityUK

The regeneration of Salford can be traced back to as early as 2011 with the creation of the now-famous MediaCityUK, a 36-acre bespoke multi-million-pound media hub on the site of the once-derelict docklands.

BOOMINGUK

CONSTRUCTION

Words : Hannah Wilde | View : Richard Ellis

Currently a hotspot for investment, GPS looksinto the regeneration of Salford


Sheikh Zayed Road

Salford Quays, Salford


Upon the site’s completion, the leading UK broadcasters BBC and ITV soon relocated from their original locations of London and Manchester respectively, to their new regional home, which now boasts beautiful state-of-the-art studios overlooking the picturesque waterfront. On the back of the broadcasters’ success at MediaCityUK, the floodgates were then opened to other businesses looking to relocate to the area. Now at the time of writing, MediaCityUK is the second-largest digital cluster in Europe after London, with an eclectic mix of over 200 companies, including broadcasters, bespoke media companies and even a brand-new University of Salford campus now taking up residence in MediaCityUK’s 70,000 sqft of office space. To complete its status as a recognised tourist destination, MediaCityUK boasts a beautiful five acre piazza set on the waterfront that is twice the size of London’s Trafalgar Square and is designed to accommodate over 5,000 people.

Incredibly, this is just the first phase of MediaCityUK. The site is expected to expand by a huge 455% within the next decade, as the current site occupies only 36 acres of its allotted 200. The expansion will be released in phases, with MediaCityUK’s second phase already in construction. Set to join the iconic waterfront are more hotels, office and retail spaces, as well as X1 Media City, the biggest residential development in the North West, housing more than 1,000 luxury apartments.

In addition to enhancing the local area by contributing up to £1.5bn to the

regional economy, MediaCityUK also competes on an international scale. With the area boasting in excess of 5 million visitors annually, it is safe to say that the MediaCityUK site has well and truly accomplished its vision of becoming a world-class business, culture and residential area of international renown, a digital city now more than capable of competing with similar emerging modern digital conurbations in places such as Copenhagen and Singapore.

Mayor of Salford Ian Stewart is particularly enamoured with the bespoke site, claiming: “MediaCityUK is at the heart of Salford’s regeneration and a jewel in the city’s crown. I’m delighted to see this new hotel, office block and media hub which will create jobs and opportunities as well as bringing new investment into our proud city.”

Port Salford

Also along the waterfront, plans are currently underfoot for an exciting new Port Salford development. At one time the closing of Salford’s ports was considered detrimental to the city, but now the area opens itself up to new innovations that fit with a modern and ever-evolving world. This new Port Salford will be bigger and better than ever, set to become a bespoke £138million inland multimodal distribution park with the unique selling point of being the only one in the UK with the capacity to be served by rail, road and sea. Earmarked as one of the biggest projects in Greater Manchester


in half a century, Port Salford will truly revolutionise the distribution process throughout the region, becoming both more time- and cost-effective as a result. Furthermore, along with the creation of Port Salford National Import Centre, a 153,000sqm warehousing facility, this scheme aims to boost the local economy through the creation of 10,000 jobs, as well as reducing road use, which ultimately will help to save millions of tonnes of carbon every year.

Chapel Street Corridor

Another major regeneration plan is happening in Salford’s city centre: the Chapel Street corridor, currently benefitting from a £10million facelift to transform the area. For those unfamiliar with the Salfordian landscape, Chapel Street is a central corridor connecting Salford with its neighbouring city of Manchester, a vital link between the two conurbations. Increased connectivity is the aim of Chapel Street’s investment, in order to accommodate future growth and interconnectivity between Salford and Manchester city centres. Already the public realm around the Chapel Street area has been greatly improved, moving away from the traffic-congested highway it once was into a distinctive and picturesque city high street, making for a safer and calmer environment for businesses and visitors alike. However, the regeneration is set to continue, building on the pre-established foundations of interconnectivity and creating an improved public space.

Such is the importance of Chapel Street that plans are also underway at the Eastern tip of Chapel Street with a project all its own. Named Greengate, this area is especially important to residents, as Greengate is known locally as the site of the earliest settlement in Salford, so special focus is placed on its restoration. This unique vision involves the creation of a new corporate centre for Salford, including high-quality public spaces, new homes, and offices. With a budget allocation of £13 million for the first phase, Greengate’s bespoke public realm seeks to become a collaborative joint venture so that public sector funding can run seamlessly alongside private sector investment. Just Greengate’s mixed-use commercial space alone is set to deliver around £400 million of private sector investment and facilitate over 5,000 new jobs in the area.

Salford Central

In addition to the vast changes happening in the city, Salford is also benefiting from a complete overhaul to Salford Central, set to become the main of Salford’s two train stations. Interestingly, Salford’s transportation infrastructure is second-to-none—within a three mile radius, the city hosts two railway stations, a Metrolink line and 50 bus routes, making Salford one of the most fitting and sustainable locations in the North West for large scale regeneration.

MediaCityUK, Salford Quays


One such regeneration is happening at Salford Central train station. Based on a 15-year vision, Salford Central station’s revamp comes under the umbrella of the £100 million Ordsall Chord investment by National Rail. 2008 saw the train station complete its first phase of development, opened to the public in February. Improvements included a new glass concourse at road level, enhanced access via new ramps to the upper concourse and lifts to platforms, as well as extensive refurbishment to the upper concourse arches and ticket office. Although appearing to be only marginal changes, structural improvements to Salford Central train station have since improved efficiency and usability of the station, leading to an increase in passengers in the seven years since its redevelopment. However, the train station’s improvements are still ongoing, with the hope of enhancing this key corridor from east to west by increasing its capacity, its efficiency, and its ability to accommodate the expanding employment potential in the future.

It seems that almost every area of Salford is benefiting from an influx of investment in recent years. Transformations are continuing all over this vast and diverse city to further improve its liveability for its ever-growing population. Even public parks, river bridges, and public areas are set to be overhauled, giving the city a complete rejuvenation. To put the sheer scale of Salford’s investments into context, the ongoing regeneration in just the city centre alone covers the equivalent of 21 football pitches.

However, it’s not just the city’s vast regeneration plans that are changing Salford’s landscape. Its future looks bright thanks to both the devolution of

Greater Manchester and the ongoing development of the Atlantic Gateway project. Both these schemes will have an untold impact on Salford’s future, and will push the city further to fulfil its goal of becoming a global city. Greater Manchester’s devolution was announced in November 2014 by Chancellor George Osborne, confirming that the county is to get its own directly-elected Mayor, and in turn will receive £1bn-worth of powers over transport, housing, planning and policing. This means that the region’s decisions will be made locally rather than by politicians in Whitehall, meaning that the cities that make up Greater Manchester should enjoy more control over where the public funding for the region is spent. Furthermore, the devolution will see all ten of Greater Manchester’s boroughs combined, creating a ‘powerhouse’ of interconnected strengths, resources and opportunities, and will in turn make Greater Manchester the largest non-capital city in Europe.

Since its announcement, Salfordians have generally welcomed the devolution decision on the whole, with politicians and communities’ alike keen to continue Salford’s vast growth and regeneration that the devolution will provide. With the area still reaping the rewards that came as a direct result of MediaCityUK’s success, it is almost a certainty that the

MediaCityUK, Salford Quays


Split into four remits of increasing growth, connectivity, infrastructure and sustainability, Atlantic Gateway will focus its attention predominantly on areas of potential in Salford, keen to capitalise on the city’s wealth of underutilised facilities. This project has a number of key developments in its arsenal, including the aforementioned MediaCityUK site and the as-of-yet incomplete Port Salford. The unequivocal scale and success of MediaCityUK alone serves to highlight the capacity of the wider Atlantic Gateway project, as MediaCity is just one in a multitude of developments happening as part of this scheme. Among the scheme’s 20 individual developments within the umbrella of Atlantic Gateway, other notable developments in the area include HS2 (a bespoke £32 billion high-speed railway line connecting London, West Midlands, Manchester and Leeds) and Airport City Manchester, a proposed £800 million expansion of Manchester Airport.

With so many regeneration schemes underway in and around the city, as well as countless more in the works, it is safe to say that Salford is thriving, growing from strength to strength in recent years and beyond. Its future is bright, and there is no end in sight for Salford’s incredible transformation—this is just the beginning.

region will continue to expand, transform and develop the ever-expanding City of Salford under a new devolved policymaking structure.

To further the notion of a more connected Greater Manchester becoming a ‘Northern powerhouse’, the Atlantic Gateway project was announced to improve the general connectivity between the North and the rest of the country. Whilst devolution will allow for the inter-connectivity of the Greater Manchester region, the Atlantic Gateway allows this new combined region to have improved access to other areas of the country, ultimately bridging the gap between the North and the South. For years, the UK’s economy has been incredibly imbalanced in favour of its capital city of London, but economists and politicians alike are keen to stabilise the economy by redistributing wealth to other regional cities to make for a more fiscally sustainable economy.

Of course, Greater Manchester plays a big part in this plan, with huge national investment projects featuring their plans around key areas in and around Salford. Perhaps the biggest and most influential for the region is the aforementioned Atlantic Gateway project, with their proposed redevelopment strategy for the North West of England centring on the corridor between Greater Manchester and Merseyside. Atlantic Gateway will be backed by £50 billion of investment over 50 years, making it one of the most expensive and expansive development projects in UK history.

Imperial War Museum, Salford Quays


Ukraine, Europe

Insurrection, revolution, rebellion, coup, armed civil conflict—however it is described, fundamentally it all amounts to the same thing: war. This pressing issue has an untold knock-on effect on all aspect of life, adversely affecting a country fiscally, politically and culturally, and continues to have a detrimental effect for many years to come.

Direct effects of conflict

Conflict has an insurmountable effect on both a country and its economy. Whilst each war is distinctly different (with different triggers, different political agendas and different strategies), the repercussions on the nation are equally as different. However, several unequivocal factors have proved to be greatly compromised by the outbreak of war.

First and foremost, the most direct effect of conflict is the rapid decline in population that comes from the dissolution of a country’s stability. Huge population losses in times of conflict come from two main fronts: the fatalities that come as a result of direct combat or casualties of war, and the mass migration caused by people either fleeing because their homes have been destroyed or by those seeking asylum to escape the violence engulfing their communities. To put the scale of migration in context, the UN estimates that in Syria alone, which is just ONE of the world’s troubled countries, over 1.2million people have been displaced—the equivalent of the entire population of Birmingham, the UK’s second-largest city. Translate this to a global scale and the magnitude is

unimaginable: civilian instability in conflicted countries mean that hundreds of millions of people are forced to leave their homes, finding refuge either in safer locations within their countries or, in more extreme circumstances, are forced to flee to other countries, oftentimes never to return.

Furthermore, the infrastructural impact of war is also vast and equally detrimental—pivotal structures that underpin the foundations of a whole nation, such as homes and businesses, are often damaged or destroyed beyond repair during times of unrest. Even the homes that remain standing during conflict don’t fare much better—experts say that the value of fixed assets like housing falls by between 20-40% during times of civil unrest. With the destruction of a country’s lifeblood comes even more instability, as well as the impending issue (and growing cost) related to rebuilding and repopulating the communities after the fighting has ceased.

Additionally, countries in the throes of war almost come to a complete standstill in terms of domestic output. Construction and export trading declines, and businesses are often forced to stop trading due to safety or diminished assets. When coupled together, all these seemingly small factors have a crippling domino effect: destroyed businesses and dwindling consumer spending leads to unemployment, which in turn leads to a huge economic deficit from the lack of trade and jobs that would generally fuel an economy in times of peace. It is predicted that

THE COST OF

CONFLICTWords : Hannah Wilde | View : Dezi

Just what are the real effects to both a country and its economy?


Ukraine, Europe

Baghdad, Iraq


the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country in conflict declines by between 3.3—6.1% for each year a country engages in war.

A country’s political stability is also increasingly called into question in times of conflict. The increasing fluctuations of power that come as a result of political unease often lead to conflicting interests from different political agendas, which means that attempting re-stability may cause continual governmental friction, which could inevitably prolong the conflict, and in some cases even escalate the already sensitive situation. Adding to this precarious political situation is the almost complete decline of the economy, as wars often lead to disastrous monetary policy and regulations, not just regionally but on a global scale.

To put these interwoven macro-, micro-, and meso-economic effects of war into perspective, two very different case studies are used to analyse very real areas of ongoing conflict to see how a country’s social and economic wellbeing is affected by the outbreak of war. The chosen countries of focus are two well-known current conflicts: the Middle-Eastern country of Syria, and the economic powerhouse that is Europe’s Russia. Both of these countries, while in very different fiscal situations, are fundamentally affected by war in the same ways, despite being separated by nearly 5,500km and dictated by very different circumstances.

Case study 1: Syria, Middle East

The Syrian conflict began in early 2011 when civil war broke out, fuelled by protests against President Bashar al-Assad’s government. These disagreements were met with governmental violence in response, so the initial conflict soon escalated from popular protests to full-on armed rebellions, coupled with months of military sieges. In just three years of conflict, April 2014 saw the Syrian casualty figures far outreach 191,000, many of whom were civilians. This mass population deficit averages out to a huge 5,163 casualties during each of the country’s 37 months of conflict up until April 2014. Of course, since then, the situation has only worsened, with Syria now having overtaken Afghanistan as the world’s least peaceful country. Additionally, despite Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi’s desperate assurances that the Syrian economy is “strong and balanced”, this could not be further from the truth. As a result of the conflict, Syria’s economic wellbeing has been seriously compromised, with a large portion of the country’s capital stock diminished, the country’s productive capacity now almost non-existent, and the cost of reconstructing the damaged infrastructure already estimated to be in the hundreds of millions.

To put this into perspective, Syria’s macroeconomic indicators in the decade before the uprising were relatively sound, recording a growth rate that averaged 4.3% per year during the ten years to 2010. Additionally, inflation was controlled at less than 5%, and structural reforms were underway to liberalise the economy to make it more market-oriented. However, in the period since the uprising, Syria’s fiscal deficit has nearly doubled to 9%, there has been a 2.3% decline in GDP, and inflation has jumped tenfold just a year after the conflict started. Even more concerning is the behaviour of the Syrian exchange rate, which in 2013 registered a new low of 220 Syrian Pounds to the American Dollar, a massive 233% increase from the previous year. The conflict has brought to the forefront a shocking revelation: Syria’s economy has all but collapsed, reaping the effects of declining activity and trade, witnessing inflation that is likely to spiral into hyperinflation through governmental money-printing to fund the ongoing conflict, and currency that is depreciating at breakneck speed.

When the Syrian altercation eventually ends, the effects of war will be all too clear. The country will have an unrecognisable economy, a severely depleted population—from both fatalities and displacement—and a stagnant infrastructure, no matter who emerges victorious. However, unlike neighbours Iraq and Libya (both of whom have had to support a huge percentage of refugees fleeing the conflict across the border), Syria does not have access to oil revenues to support reconstruction, and instead will have to be almost entirely reliant upon the international community to assist in a complete reconstruction of the country’s infrastructure, creating new homes, roads, telecommunication systems and factories. That said, even with international assistance, the timescale for making changes of this magnitude are more likely measured in decades than years, leaving the Syrian population to remain in relative freefall until that time.


Ferrari F1 Team

Pristina, Kosovo


Case study 2: Russia and Ukraine, Europe

Russian involvement in the Ukraine crisis has gained international press in recent months because of its position as one of the world’s economic powerhouses, boasting an economy of $2.1 trillion in 2014 alone. Russia’s position in Europe has always provided relative security against conflict, but the altercation involving another European country has increasingly divided both European and global loyalties. The conflict started by force, with Russia’s annexation of a Ukrainian region called Crimea, and Russia still seeks to occupy yet more Ukrainian territory.

Although a relatively new war, with unrest between the two nations coming to fruition in the latter end of 2013, the economic effects of this conflict have been abundantly clear from the outset —for example, on the first trading day after Russia began to occupy Crimea in February 2014, the Russian stock market nosedived almost 11%, the sharpest decline in five years. Also, echoing the Syrian conflict, Russia’s currency (the Ruble) declined significantly, decreasing 1.4% to its lowest rate in five years. This comes as a direct result of the unrest in the country and economists have warned that if the situation continues to progress, the Russian economy would take a hit in the order of 3% GDP, which would have a heavy toll on both the Russian and European economies. More pressing is the potential oil crisis that could emerge from Russia’s increased involvement in Ukraine. Russia specialises in the exportation of resources like oil and

gas, of which the main benefactor of this production is wider Europe. In exchange, Russia imports many goods and services from the rest of the world, highlighting the country’s economy of interdependency.

However, ongoing conflict has already forced Europe and the wider world to form allegiances with either invasive Russia or defensive Ukraine. So far, both the US and the EU have imposed sanctions on Russia for their interference in Ukraine, which has further jeopardised the Russian economy—the West was forced to find an alternative (and more expensive) oil and gas provider than its long-term Russian supplier, while Russia has found itself forced to import a decreased amount of goods and services from the rest of the world as a result. This has already had a cataclysmic effect on oil prices for both European traders and consumers, and historically rising oil prices have led to slower economic growth, so this could have serious repercussions on the wider global economy at large. It has to be said that evidence has already been proved that continuing trouble in Russia would make for a more volatile world, with fluctuations in currency and stock markets, as well as a declining Russian economy.

So what happens when conflict is resolved?

When a conflict comes to an end, what is often left is a completely depleted economy, a diminished population and infrastructure that has


Pristina, KosovoMillau Bridge, France

suffered hugely. From here, countries have to start almost from scratch to return themselves to their pre-war state. Post-conflict reconstruction is incredibly important to the country’s environment, with repair and reconstruction of housing and the social and economic infrastructure providing a good framework for establishing the country’s future development and growth. In terms of property, times of conflict have a detrimental effect on prices and demand as the market stagnates, but in times of peace, the property market begins to prosper again. With peace comes a resurgence of population and the steady increase in the tourism industry as people begin to trust the country’s security once again, which in turn increases housing demand as the country becomes more stable. Whilst this may take a few years to implement, the stability of a country is dependent on a growing housing market especially after conflict.

From a property investment standpoint, conflict can often completely reinvent a country, both economically and structurally. To highlight the positives that can come from post-war reconstruction, the country of Lebanon (a small country bordering Syria and Israel in Western Asia) was engaged in a civil war lasting fifteen years, from 1975 to 1990. In that time, there was considerable infrastructural destruction, large-scale population displacement, and an almost completely depleted economy. However, when peace was declared and a stable government was appointed, the country’s fiscal situation dramatically improved, and since this time, house prices have surged as people’s confidence in the economy grew. Now,

the Lebanese housing market is flourishing. In recent years, the growing unaffordability for potential homeowners has led to an influx of renters. The effect is such that the Lebanon housing market is now reminiscent of the market in the UK, especially with the rise of buy-to-let landlords investing in property to meet demand. If the Lebanese market is following the lead of such an advanced market as the UK, it is safe to say that its economy is well on the way to recovery.

In conclusion, while ongoing conflict has a hugely detrimental effect on the economy and infrastructure of a country, it has to be said that the country’s reconstruction after conflict means that it can be built even bigger and better than before. Post-war house prices are a good indicator of the stability of a country, with stagnation indicating that peace is not yet secure, yet growing house prices mean that confidence is returning back to the economy. Despite the dire consequences of war, all is not lost in the times after fighting ceases. There is a huge capacity to improve growth in a country once ravaged by war, with the case of Lebanon proving that even investors can see the potential of investing in a rebuilding economy.


SHOULD I MOVE TO

NEW YORK?Words : Hannah Wilde | View : ventdusud design

Moving to a different city can be hard, but moving to a whole new continent 3,000 miles away from home is in a different league altogether. Was it nerve-wracking? Of course. But was it worth it? Absolutely.

Yes, I lived in New York for a period of time, and it was one of the best experiences of my life. I’d watched hundreds of films that feature New York, so I thought I was relatively clued-up as to what to expect, but nothing prepares you for the sheer scale of The Big Apple. It was truly awe-inspiring.

Simply touching down in JFK Airport or getting off the train at Grand Central Station is a tourist rite of passage in itself, and from there, the experiences just keep on coming. Just walking down the streets, hearing the cacophony of sounds and the bustle of people makes you feel alive. The drawl of the New York accent, the sight of the NYPD cops patrolling the streets, the neon signs illuminating Times Square, the mouth-watering smells of street vendors selling food from all over the world, the endless tourist attractions that are inescapable, the endless amount of Starbucks coffee shops on almost every corner. All these elements seek to constantly remind you that you are in New York, so unapologetic in its vastness and capitalism, yet so secure in its status as one of the greatest cities in the world.

What’s strange about New York is that, aside from the tell-tale yellow

taxicabs and the novelty Liberty statue memorabilia pouring out of hundreds of novelty gift stores, at street level it seems like a relatively normal, if incredibly impressive, city. However, when you look up and see the skyscrapers looming above you, it’s only then that you realise that you are, in fact, in The Big Apple. And that feeling is indescribable.

Sure, as a tourist it’s incredible to see all the sights and do all the experiences that are described as a ‘must-do’ in all the guidebooks, like climbing the Empire State or going over to visit Lady Liberty on a boat heading to Ellis Island, but living there allows you to do so much more than that. For me, living in the City allowed me to be given the true Manhattan experience by seasoned New Yorkers who knew everything about this glorious and majestic city, instead of being caught in the traditional tourist traps. They showed me places I didn’t even know existed, like an incredibly luxurious and elite speakeasy hidden behind an old London telephone box in a run-down kebab shop off the beaten track, a secret place that only a select few people know. Or instead of being caught in a tangle of tourists climbing up the Empire State, I enjoyed a cocktail or two in an incredibly exclusive rooftop bar that overlooked the iconic building, enjoying similar, if not better, breath-taking views of the infamous city sprawled out below.

It’s moments like those that made me so glad I had the opportunity to live in New York. However, no Manhattan experience is complete without



some touristy adventures—a yellow taxi ride, a folded up New York pizza slice eaten on-the-go, and of course a long amble through Central Park, a rural retreat in the heart of the metropolis. Central Park is reminiscent of the city that surrounds it, with each section owning its own unique identity—Strawberry Fields, an incredible tribute to the late John Lennon, the iconic Bethesda Terrace and Fountain that has featured in so many films, Bow Bridge, the most photographed and filmed location in the whole Park, and the boathouse, an amazingly idyllic place to enjoy a picnic by the waterside, along with many more attractions besides.

There are almost a limitless amount of things to enjoy in Manhattan, from visiting the truly humbling Ground Zero and window-shopping in the iconic Tiffany’s jewellery store on Fifth Avenue, to the giant floor keyboard in FAO Schwartz toy-store (made famous in Tom Hanks’ 1988 film Big) and shopping in iconic destinations like Macy’s, Bloomingdales and Saks. But incredibly, all these attractions are situated in one single borough of Manhattan, known locally as simply ‘The City’.

However, there are in fact an infinite amount of other experiences to enjoy in any one of the other four New York boroughs— Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx and Staten Island, each more different than the last. Brooklyn is not quite as notorious as its Manhattan neighbour, but nonetheless this borough is iconic in its own right thanks to its independent bohemian feel, a favourite haunt for artists and musicians alike. Of course, the jewel in Brooklyn’s crown is the iconic Brooklyn Bridge, as famous and as much a part of the New York skyline as any Manhattan skyscraper. Queens is known for being home to two of New York’s three airports, John F Kennedy (oft abbreviated to JFK) and La Guardia, as well as being a creative hub thanks to its abundance of museums and galleries. Interestingly, although lesser-known than the aforementioned boroughs, Queens is in fact the largest New York City borough, accounting for 35% of NYC’s total land area. The Bronx is New York’s more urban neighbourhood, famed for being the home of hip-hop and hosting New York City’s leading zoo and botanical garden. Finally, Staten Island is one of the most interesting and culturally diverse of the boroughs, boasting two of New York’s most visited tourist attractions: Ellis Island, now an immigration museum only reachable by boat, and of course the glorious Statue of Liberty. The distinct personalities of all five boroughs that make up New York serves to highlight how diverse this city truly is, and the fact that there is something to appeal to every taste, budget and inclination.

One of the biggest things that connect these geographically linked but inherently independent boroughs is the almost universal support of America’s past-times—baseball. Of course, New York is synonymous for its baseballing prowess as home to one of the most popular baseball teams in Major League Baseball –The Bronx-based New York Yankees. However, like English Football has its local rivalry teams like Manchester United and Manchester City, or Liverpool and Everton, so New York Yankees also have a neighbouring rival, the lesser-known New York Mets, based in Queens. A Brit through and through, I ventured to Queens to attend a New York Mets game without much enthusiasm, but in such an enormous stadium as the Citi Field, a 45,000-capacity ballpark, I couldn’t help but get thoroughly engrossed in the game. Before long I was cheering the Mets on with surprising gusto, like a true American. However, my baseball experience was truly complete when I, complete with a pretzel in one hand and a luminous blue foam finger in the other, was featured on the JumboTron, the giant screen beaming around the stadium. Well, to paraphrase the old idiom, when in Queens…!

These were just a snapshot of my experiences when living in New York and, whilst everyone is different, I truly believe that this city has some-thing for everyone to enjoy. Whether you live in New York for 5 days or 5 months, 5 years or even 50, I still don’t think it would be enough time to experience all that this magnificent city has to offer. So should you move to New York? Absolutely!


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Hannah Wilde Article Contributions-GPS Edition 5