HANDBOOK OF POLYMER SYNTHESIS PARTB

EDITED DY HANSR.KRICHELDORF Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany

Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York • Basel • Hong Kong

Contents of Part B

Foreword Herman F. Mark iii Preface v Contributors to Part B xi Contents of Part A xiii Contributors to Part A xvii Abbreviations xix

15. Polyimides 941 Javier de Abajo

Introduction 941 Condensation polyimides 943 Addition polyimides 973 References 984

16. Polymers Containing Sulfur in the Main Chain 991 Nicolas Spassky, Maurice Sepulchre, and Pierre Sigwalt

Aliphatic polysulfides: introduction 991 Aliphatic poly(monosulfide)s 992 Aliphatic poly(polysulfide)s 1011 Arylene polysulfides 1022 Poly(thienylene sulfide)s 1036 Polysulfoxides 1037 Polysulfones 1038 Polysulfonates 1046 PolySulfonamides 1049 Poly(thiol ester)s 1055 Polythiocarbonates and related polymers 1061 References 1065

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viii Contents of Part B

17. Phosphorus-Containing Polymers 1077 Stanislaw Penczek and Gregorz Lapienis

Introduction 1077 Polyphosphazenes 1078 Polymerization of organophosphorus cyclic Compounds 1090 Polyphosphates and polyphosphonates obtained by condensation methods 1109 References 1120

18. Polymers with Metals in the Backbone 1133 Dieter Wöhrle

Introduction 1133 Homochain polymers with covalent bonds of metals or semimetals 1136 Heterochain polymers with covalent bonds of metals or semimetals and other elements 1141 Polymerie metal complexes 1161 Cofacial stacked polymeric macroeycles 1175 Polymerie metallocenes 1181 References 1189

19. Thermostable Polyheterocyclics 1197 Volker Rossbach and Gerriet Oberlein

Introduction 1197 Polycondensation with formation of heteroeyclics 1208 Polyaddition with formation of heteroeyclics 1232 Polyheterocyclics from addition of low-molecular-weight Compounds to precursors 1240 Polyheterocyclics from cleavage of low-molecular-weight Compounds from precursors 1244 Modifications of polyheterocyclics 1257 Syntheses with preformed heteroeyclics 1259 Final Remarks 1269 Appendix: List of Polyheterocyclics Dealt with, Including References 1270 References 1271

20. Synthesis of Polymeric Liquid Crystal 1281 Jan Franek, Zbigniew J. Jedlinski, and Jerzy Majnusz

Introduction 1281 Synthesis of main-chain, rigid-rod polymeric liquid crystals 1285 Synthesis of main-chain polymeric liquid crystals containing flexible spacers 1298 Synthesis of side-chain polymeric liquid crystals 1326 References 1346

21. Conducting and Photoconducting Polymers 1353 Herbert Naarmann and Peter Strohriegel

Introduction 1353 Polyacetylene (CH=CH)* 1354 Substituted polyacetylenes 1365 Polydiacetylenes 1368 Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) 1372 Polypyrrole 1374 Polythiophene 1383

Contents of Part B ix

Polyaniline 1390 Poly(p-phenylene sulfide) 1397 Other electrically conducting polymers 1399 Photoconducting polymers 1404 References 1422

22. Polymerie Reagents 1437 Gerhard A. Koßmehl

Introduction 1437 Reagents for redox reactions 1439 Polymerie oxidants 1443 Polymerie reduetants 1444 Polymerie halogenating reagents 1445 Polymerie alkylating reagents 1447 Polymerie aeylating reagents 1448 Polymerie protecting group reagents 1449 Polymerie condensing reagents 1449 Polymerie ylide reagents 1450 Polymerie supports for peptide synthesis 1450 Solid-phase sequencing of peptides and proteins 1455 Polymerie supports for oligonucleotide synthesis 1456 Polymerie supports for Oligosaccharide synthesis 1459 Asymmetrie synthesis and resolution of racemates by asymmetric polymeric materials 1460 Polymerie catalysts 1467 References 1477

23. Cross-Linked Resins 1483 Manfred Fedtke

Introduction 1483 Phenol-formaldehyde condensates 1484 Epoxy resins 1489 References 1499

24. Chemical Modification of Poly(vinyl compound)s 1503 Manfred Fedtke

Introduction 1503 Poly(vinyl alcohol) 1504 Poly(vinyl acetals) 1506 Chlorination of polyolefins 1508 Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) 1510 Chlorosulfonated polyolefins 1511 Various polymer-analogous reactions 1512 References 1513

25. Chemical Modification of Polysaccharides 1517 Roland H. F. Beck, M. Fitton, and Hans R. Kricheldorf

Introduction 1517 Alkylation of Polysaccharides 1518 Acylation of Polysaccharides 1528 Various substitutions 1538

x Contents of Part B

Graft-polymerizations on Polysaccharides 1552 References 1556

26. Models of Various Biopolymers 1579 Hans R. Kricheldorf

Introduction 1579 Polypeptides 1580 Polydepsipeptides 1605 Polyesters 1606 Polysaccharides 1610 References 1621

27. Miscellaneous Polymers and Polymerization Methods 1629 Hans R. Kricheldorf and G. Schwarz

Polymers derived from difunctional diacetylenes 1629 Polyphenylenes 1646 Poly(arylene-alkene)s 1655 Poly(anhydride)s and poly(acylsulfides) 1668 Poly(azomethine)s and related polymers 1673 Various polymers and polymerization processes 1684 References 1696

Index 1713