Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421F-22

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421B-2

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421Particle Technology

microvoid

2VP/Sty

Add CO2 MMA Vent CO2

Nano Hydrogels

Increasing Crosslinker

Inc

rea

sin

g C

ha

rge

+ +++++

++ + +

++++

++

+ +++++

++ +

+++

+

++ + + +

+++

++ +

++

+

+ ++

++

Porous Particles

DeSimone et. al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 15198-15207

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Goretex

Open pore structure maintained aftercoating due to excellent wetting leadingto conformal coating

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Pt-free Electrode

Science 2008, 321, 671

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Balloon Angioplasty

From http://www.Angioplasty.org

Balloon Angioplasty without stent

Balloon Angioplasty with stent

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Materials

Packaging

Lubricants

Polymer fibers: stronger than steel!

Biopolymers

Carbon Nanotubes

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

What is polymer science?

• Chemistry– Organic– Inorganic– Physical– Analytical– Biochemistry– Pharmacology– Theoretical

• Physics– Static– Dynamic

• Engineering / Material Science– Transport– Reaction engineering– Separations– Rheology– Fracture mechanics– Composites– Etc.

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

What is polymer science?

• Derivation

poly - meros

“many” - “parts”

• Polymerization

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Classifications

Inorganic

Natural Synthetic

Organic

Natural Synthetic

ClaysSand

tc.

PolyolefinsPolyesters

PolyurethanesNylons

etc.

Polysaccharides(Carbohydrates)

ProteinsDNA

Natural RubberSilketc.

SiliconesSilanes

Phosphazenesetc.

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Economics

• 53 billion pounds of synthetic polymers produced annually (1989)

» 200 lbs / person / year

» 1991 : 63 billion pounds

» 1995 : 76 billion pounds

» 2000 : 103.1 billion pounds

• 60% of all chemists directly involved with polymers

• Contributes positively to the trade imbalance

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Petrochemical Industry

• The petrochemical industry is 90% based on 7 raw materials

• The Basic Seven

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

U.S. Ethylene Demand (2001)

LLDPE 13.9%

LDPE 13.3%

Other 3.3%

Vinyl acetate 2.1%

Alpha olefins 7%

Ethylbenzene/Styrene 6%

Ethanol 0.8%

Ethylene dichloride / Vinylchloride 15.3%

Ethylene oxide / ethyleneglycol 12.8%

HDPE 25.6%

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Top Ten HDPE Capacities in the US (2002)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

CPC Exxon-Mobile

Formosa Atofina Basell

Mill

ion

s o

f P

ou

nd

s

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Post 9/11 Security Issues

• Potential financial impact of terrorism on the US Chemical Industry

• Interdependencies…

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Polymer Parameters

• Chemical structure– Chemical composition and distribution

– Sequence length and distribution

• Molecular weight and distribution

• Chain isomerism

• Topology

• Morphology

• Additives

• Cost

Polymer SynthesisCHEM 421

Chemical Composition