Hand-Held Refractometers

Distributor Manual 2012 Version 3.3 July 2012 Restricted Publication: Official Distributors of Bellingham + Stanley Only

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DISTRIBUTOR MANUAL

CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Basic Principles

3. Scales and Practical Uses of Refractometers

4. Hand-Held Refractometers

5. The Eclipse Design

6. Commercial Considerations

7. Eclipse Models

8. Eclipse Standard Models (scale details and application suggestions)

9. E-Line Models

10. E-Line Adblue® Models 11. E-Line 80 Model 12. OPTi - Specific Models

Food & Beverage Wine & Brewing Life Science Industrial & Chemical - Heat Transfer Liquids – Automotive - Aviation OPTi+ “full scale” models

Appendix 1 Refractive Index of Water as a function of temperature Appendix 2 Instrument Selection Guide Appendix 3 Protective Cases for the Eclipse Appendix 4 Calibration Verification Procedure for

Hand-Held Refractometers using traceable standards

Appendix 5 Temperature Correction Table Appendix 6 Brix to Refractive Index Conversion Table

Appendix 7 % Water in Honey temperature correction table for 45-27 Eclipse refractometer

Appendix 8 Extended ABV table – 2 decimal resolution %ABV

Appendix 9 Calibration & verification points for hand held refractometers

Appendix 10 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

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1. Introduction Bellingham + Stanley has been manufacturing hand-held refractometers since the 1930s when they were first introduced for checking the ripeness of sugar cane in the field. Nowadays, hand-held refractometers are used all over the world for various applications. They are now manufactured in very large quantities by quite a number of companies, many of which are located in the Far East. This document is a manual designed for Bellingham + Stanley distributors that market and sell our range of hand-held refractometers. It contains a variety of information, both technical and commercial, to help the distributor to provide a more informed service to customers and to aid the selling process. Our hand held brochure is also informative, but this is targeted for the end-user. The distributor needs a better understanding of the basic principles and limitations of hand-held instruments, particularly where customers are contemplating the purchase of a bench instrument. The latter costs between 20 and 50 times that of a hand-held refractometer and so the distributor needs a good understanding of the advantages of the bench instrument and the reasons why hand-held refractometers are limited in their capability. This manual therefore provides both promotional materials for our hand held refractometers, but also criticism of hand-held refractometers generally, so that the distributor has a better perspective on the industry and is able to satisfy customer needs more effectively. Information is also provided on applications to enable the distributor to target particular subjects. This is not an exhaustive treatise on the subject; further help and support is always available from the B+S Sales Departments in Tunbridge Wells, England and Atlanta, USA. Discussion of hand held refractometers, there strengths and limitations and particularly in relation to competitor products, necessitates that we must treat this document as CONFIDENTIAL. Circulation of this document is therefore restricted to authorised distributors for Bellingham + Stanley.

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2. Basic Principles To understand the uses and limitations of hand-held refractometers, it is instructive to consider first the concept of refraction and its measurement. When a ray of light passes from one medium to another, the speed of the light changes according to the density of the transmitting medium. At the interface between two media, the ray changes direction as its speed suddenly changes. This effect is known as refraction and is a familiar concept. The refractive index (RI) of a substance is a measure of the speed of light in a substance relative to that in a vacuum (very close to the speed in air). The RI is a physical property that depends upon temperature and the wavelength of the light. For a particular substance the RI is a unique number when measured using a monochromatic light source (single wavelength) at a fixed temperature. A refractometer is a device that measures the RI of a substance, usually a liquid, but sometimes a solid. Laboratory refractometers utilise monochromatic light, usually that of sodium at 589.3 nm. They also have a means for controlling temperature or at least measuring it precisely in order to ‘compensate’ for any variance. A laboratory refractometer can typically measure the refractive index to within 0.0001 or better. Thus, the refractive index of water when measured with sodium light (589.3 nm) at 20 C is 1.33299. How does a refractometer work? Most modern refractometer designs utilise the concept of Critical Angle, which is attributed to Ernst Abbe, the 19th Century physicist. The principle is illustrated below. Incident light strikes the surface of a medium at different angles. At low angles the light passes through the substance and this is called refracted light. At a certain angle of incidence called the Critical Angle, the light no longer passes through; it is reflected back. From the viewing position, an area of light and an area of dark are therefore observed, corresponding to transmitted (refracted) light and reflected light (no transmission), respectively. The Borderline between the two areas defines the critical angle condition and this can be mathematically related to the RI of the substance.

Liquid Sample

Ray at critical angle

20

40

60

80

0

Prism

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This is the basic concept, but to build a refractometer, other design features must then be considered: 1. Prism – this supports the sample and guides the light rays through the

refractometer. It must be made from a substance of RI higher than that of the measured substance – usually a special glass or sapphire. Prism angles determine the direction of emergent light rays

2. Scale – this is mathematically constructed according to the geometry of the

instrument and the RI of the prism. Its intersection with the observed borderline (critical condition) provides the reading.

3. Focusing system – lenses are used to enable the user to focus simultaneously

on the borderline and the scale. 4. Light source – this is ideally a pure (monochromatic) source, but natural (white)

light can be used, for example with hand-held refractometers. 5. Temperature control – this is a means whereby the sample temperature is

controlled or precisely measured. These features govern the main aspects of a basic, optical-mechanical refractometer. Modern digital automatic instruments utilise the same concept and principle, but electronics and software are used to provide greater user flexibility, convenience and performance features.

3. Scales and practical uses of refractometers Scientists may wish to measure the RI when studying the physical properties of different liquids and solids. However, refractometers are usually used for more pragmatic purposes, usually to measure the concentration of a dissolved substance. The simplest and most popular use of a refractometer is in measuring the concentration of sugar in water. As the concentration of sugar increases the RI increases. A refractometer can therefore be used to measure concentration of sugar provided the relationship between RI and concentration (and temperature!) is known. The Brix scale is the most widely used scale and is based on the relationship between pure sucrose in water concentration (weight %) and RI. The Brix scale is more popular than RI itself. Brix is used for testing ‘liquid food’ products. Even when the food does not just contain sucrose in water, but other dissolved ingredients, the Brix scale is used as a measure of ‘nutritional value’. Thus soft drinks, juices, sauces, preserves etc. are assigned ‘a Brix value’ as part of the Quality Assurance for the product. Indeed, in the juice and soft drink industries, the Brix value is arguably the most important parameter in quality control. Many B+S refractometers are equipped with a Brix scale. Bench instruments often have Brix and RI as the principal working scales. But many other scales can be assigned to an instrument.

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Scanning through the Eclipse range in the later parts of this manual will illustrate quite a number of the popular ‘standard’ scales that are available. Some are very specific such as those used in the wine and brewing industries and the antifreeze scales used for automotive fluids and the clinical scales used in hospitals for urine and blood plasma. We have even used a scale for measuring the ripeness of grass (Water soluble Carbohydrate content) for use by farmers. Basically, provided a relationship between liquid composition or concentration and RI is available, a special scale can be constructed for a refractometer making it a ‘concentration meter’.

4. Hand-held refractometers So, what about hand-held refractometers? They are low-cost, simple devices that are popular in a multitude of applications. They are popular because they are easy and convenient to use and cost a fraction of a typical bench instrument. Hand-held refractometers work according to the same basic principles and design considerations outlined above. But they are limited in terms of accuracy and applicability because: 1. They utilise natural (white) light 2. There is no way to control temperature 3. Light must be transmitted by the sample Using white light means that the borderline cannot be as sharp as that obtained in a laboratory instrument. White light is made up of wavelengths from about 350 to 800 nm (the visible spectrum). Light of each wavelength travels at a different speed. This manifests itself as blurring and colouring of the borderline. This is called dispersion (splitting into different wavelengths). Some substances have high dispersive power and therefore will distort a ‘white light’ borderline to a greater extent. This effect gets worse as the RI increases, such that some liquids may not be measurable to an acceptable accuracy using a hand-held instrument. The accuracy and precision is also limited by the size and optical arrangement. Typically, a hand-held refractometer can read on an RI scale to about 0.001 units, compared to a resolution of up to 0.00001 on a bench Abbe or automatic instrument. These values equate to about 0.2 Brix for a hand held versus a resolution to 0.01 Brix on a bench instrument such as the RFM 340+. Accuracy on the latter will vary according to sample type but can be about 0.02 for a sugar solution or soft drink, i.e. about 100 times more accurate than a hand-held refractometer. Despite the fact that some hand-held models offer Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC), there is no actual control over the sample temperature. The ATC principle (explained below in section) gives a limited degree of temperature correction, relying upon the sample being at the same temperature as the instrument. Most hand-held refractometers are calibrated initially at 20 C in the factory. When the ambient temperature changes, the instrument temperature also changes and the calibration is no longer valid. Certain hand held refractometers such as the Eclipse have a ‘zero’ adjuster. This means the instrument can be re-set using a reliable standard such as water. This is in fact a better way to combat changes in

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temperature with a hand-held instrument than relying upon ATC. Sudden changes in temperature or applying very hot or very cold samples (e.g. out of the refrigerator) can incur quite large errors with hand-held instruments. The way to deal with this is to have good experimental technique/protocol to ensure thermal equilibration. Because hand-held refractometers work with transmitted light, highly coloured or opaque samples may not give very sharp borderlines. The position of the borderline then becomes a subjective judgement of the user, which reduces the reproducibility of the instrument. Bench automatic instruments, such as the RFM models, surmount this problem by measuring the reflected light from a sample surface, rather than transmitted light. Thus, for example in the tomato paste industry, bench automatics are considerably easier to use and much more reliable than hand-held refractometers where borderlines are often not discernible. In practice, many users are happy with the relative low accuracy of hand-held refractometers, accepting that they provide a quick and convenient way to check their product, rather than a high precision QA method. Other users really do not appreciate the fact that a hand-held refractometer is such a basic device compared to a laboratory bench instrument. Distributors for B+S need to understand this and give fair and realistic advice depending on the customer specific application.

5. The Eclipse Design Despite the somewhat negative comments about hand-held refractometers, they can be very useful and practical devices. The B+S Eclipse range are available with a variety of popular scales that cover most applications. In the first year of sales the instrument has received a good reception by customers. The Eclipse replaced the earlier Field and Delta models and the ‘Pocket’ before that. Earlier instruments were regarded as high quality instruments but somewhat expensive to manufacture compared to competitor products such as those of Atago in Japan – probably the market leader in the ‘high quality’ sector. The Eclipse instrument was designed in the late nineties and intended to compete on both quality and price with Atago instruments in most/all world markets. When designing the Eclipse B+S set a number of objectives: 1. High quality optical design to match or better previous models 2. Clear ‘comfortable to read’ scales 3. Smooth eyepiece adjustment 4. ‘Zero’ or calibration adjustment on all models 5. Optimum size and weight with good ‘balance’ 6. Practical hand grip giving good thermal insulation 7. Anti-roll design 8. Push-on moulded prism flap for easy and low-cost replacement 9. Materials and construction to ensure low manufacturing cost and hence price 10. No compromise on quality 11. Serial numbered 12. IP66 water resistant All these objectives were achieved. Also, the Eclipse offers the unique dribble feature, which allows samples to be applied in optimum quantity without raising the prism flap.

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6. Commercial Considerations B+S would like to achieve a leading position alongside Atago in this high volume hand-held refractometer market. B+S have a strong position in the bench refractometer market with the RFM ranges and many potential customers are aware of our market presence. We are the leader in many world markets with digital automatic bench instruments. However, our higher prices have precluded us from many hand-held markets; many potential customers may assume that we are ‘too expensive’. We want to change this perception. We believe the Eclipse is a high quality instrument and we believe we can offer the instrument at a competitive price in most/all markets. However, we need close co-operation and aggressive marketing from our distributors to achieve our sales aspirations. As our sales grow we aim to improve our manufacturing methods and any cost savings will be reflected in our pricing We have priced the instrument in a different way to other products. The Eclipse is 20 to 50 times lower in price than our laboratory instruments. Its cost (price) is therefore much more sensitive to costs incurred in packing, freight and administration. Therefore, to achieve our goals of widespread sales and rapid sales growth, we must try to sell and ship in quantity. We therefore offer a steep volume-discount relationship to encourage volume purchase. We wish our distributors to purchase higher quantities for stock: 10+, 25+, 50+ etc. We realise that some judgement is needed in selecting the right models to suit the local market and therefore we can assist with this process and some negotiation may be necessary.

7. Eclipse Models Manufactured in the UK using only the highest quality optical components and the most modern manufacturing practices, the Eclipse refractometer is the ultimate hand held refractometer on the market today. A comprehensive choice of scale types offers versatility across a wide application scope from testing fruit ripeness in the field to monitoring industrial fluids in harsh machine shop environments. Eclipse refractometers have a number of unique features, which are not available on many other brands of refractometers.

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8. Eclipse Standard Models Scale details and application suggestions The following table shows the ‘standard’ Eclipse range of instruments. The subsequent section gives a more detailed description, instrument by instrument.

Code Food, Beverage, Sugar & General Models

Range Scale Division Page No

45-01 Sugar % (°Brix) 0 – 15 0.1 10 45-02 Sugar % (°Brix) 0 – 30 0.2 11 45-07 Sugar % (°Brix) 0 – 32 0.2 12 45-03 Sugar % (°Brix) 0 – 50 0.5 11 45-08 Sugar % (°Brix) 28 – 65 0.2 11 45-05 Sugar % (°Brix) 45 – 80 0.2 11 45-06 Sugar % (°Brix) 72 – 95 0.2 12 45-22 Wine/Cider °Zeiss (ABV) 10 – 135 1.0 13 45-27 Water-in-Honey % 10 – 30 0.2 13 45-81 Sugar % (°Brix) Low Volume 0 – 50 0.5 18 45-82 Sugar % (°Brix) Low Volume 45 – 80 0.2 18 Code Industrial Models Range Scale Division 45-26 Starch % 0 – 30 0.2 15 45-41 Refractive Index 1.330 – 1.420 0.001 16 45-44 Antifreeze - °C Protection 17 Ethylene Glycol

Propylene Glycol Battery Acid

0 to – 40 0 to – 40 1.1 – 1.35

5.0 5.0 0.05

45-45 Antifreeze - °F Protection 17 Ethylene Glycol

Propylene Glycol Battery Acid

30 to -40 30 to -40 1.1 – 1.35

5.0 5.0 0.05

45-46 Antifreeze – % concentration by Vol. 18 Ethylene Glycol 0 – 60 2.5 Propylene Glycol 0 – 60 2.5 45-65 Salinity (% NaCl) 0 – 28 0.2 18 45-66 Aviation (RI) 1.330 – 1.420 0.001 16

45-003 Spare illuminator flaps for Eclipse models (pack of 5)

44-838 Hydrometer Jar for ABV 44-839 Hydrometer for ABV range 0.98 to 1.050 SG

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Standard Sugar % (Brix) Models There are seven standard Brix instruments. Each one covers a different concentration range and hence different applications. The instrument scales and calibration are based on wt% sucrose in water in accordance with the 1974 (most recent) ICUMSA standards. Type Code Range Scale

Division Weight

g Length (mm)

Sugar % (Brix) 45-01 0-15 0.1 280 230 Sugar % (Brix) 45-02 0-30 0.2 250 190 Sugar % (Brix) 45-07 0-32 0.2 250 190 Sugar % (Brix) 45-03 0-50 0.5 220 160 Sugar % (Brix) 45-08 28-65 0.2 250 190 Sugar % (Brix) 45-05 45-80 0.2 250 190 Sugar % (Brix) 45-06 72-95 0.5 220 160 B+S are often asked why we do not produce a single 0-95% instrument. The reason is because an optical design based on acceptable dimensions would compress the scale and reduce reading resolution or scale magnification would make viewing of the scale awkward. The latter argument applies to very short-range instruments, for example 0-10%. To make such an instrument with an acceptable ‘comfortable to read’, non-obscured scale, would require a long body. We prefer to stop at the 0-15% design which still maintains comfortable viewing. Some competitors offer 0-10% models, but we do not like the optical design. Some of our competitors offer a 0-95% instrument with three interchangeable scales. We do not wish to make such an instrument for a number of reasons:

- there are not many applications that require the full scale - it is a relatively expensive instrument - it is mechanically more complex and therefore subject to faults - two standard models are probably a better and cheaper option

Model 45-01 (0-15 Brix) This instrument can be used for testing the ripeness of fresh fruits such as tomatoes, grapes etc. by directly squeezing the juice onto the prism. These instruments are also popular for testing finished juices and soft drinks. Application also extends to non-sugar-containing fluids. Coolant/cutting-oil fluids can also be measured using this instrument. The industry has adopted the Brix scale as an empirical measure of oil content for convenience.

AVAILABLE

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Model 45-02 (0-30 Brix) This is the most popular Brix measuring range. It covers a wide range of fruits, juices and purees and raw sugar juices. It can also be used for some milk products with varying degrees of success (some emulsion products can give poor repeatability).

Note some competitors (e.g. Atago) offer a 0-32Brix model. Our standard 0-30 instrument will satisfy most applications. Occasionally a customer will insist on the extension to 32. We can offer such a model (45-07) but it is based on our 0-30 optical design. The extension to the scale means there is a slight reduction in the zero adjustment although this is unlikely to cause a problem. Model 45-03 (0-50 Brix) Similar to the 45-02 but extended (lower resolution) scale. This covers fruit concentrates such as orange, certain cordials and syrups and purees such as tomato, which has a typical Brix of about 35. It is also ideal for the measurement of colostral (mare’s milk)

Model 45-08 (28-65 Brix) and Model 45-05 (45-80 Brix) These two instruments extend into the high sugar-containing products: syrups, malts, fondants, jams and marmalades and a wide variety of confectionery products. Special calibration fluids (accurate sugar solutions) or solid test plates (see Appendix 4) are needed to re-set the calibration because water is off-scale.

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Model 45-06 (75-93 Brix) This mode covers the top end of the sugar scale and is used mainly for confectionery products, typically fondants and toffee type materials. A special fluid is needed to re-set the calibration. 75 Brix is beyond the saturation points of sugar solutions and so an oil should be used with suitable RI (Brix equivalent). This can be problematic because of dispersion. Ideally, a sodium lamp should be used to sharpen the borderline. An alternative is solid test plate 72-207 (see Appendix 4) Temperature-Compensated Eclipse Model 45-91 (0-30 Brix, ATC) This instrument automatically compensates as the temperature changes. These models are no longer available. Please select an e-line or OPTi model.

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Water in Honey Model 45-27 (10-30 % Water in Honey) The application is specific to controlling the quality of fresh honeys. Many instruments are sold to bee-keeping associations or specialist suppliers. As with the 45-06 model, re-calibration may be a problem because a standard within the RI 1.48 to 1.51 range is needed: oil or possibly a test plate (see Appendix 4). For percent water in honey temperature correction table (see Appendix 7).

Wine & Ciders ABV determination Refractometers are used in the wine industry for two purposes: to measure the sugar content of grape juice to determine payment to growers and to measure approximately the alcohol content of the wine. Brix scaled instruments (45-01, 45-02) can be used to assess grape juices. Traditionally a number of special scales have been devised for the alcohol/fermentation process. They are empirical scales that are useful to wine/brewing applications only. Different countries tend to adopt different scales. B+S offers five standard Eclipse models for wine application. Model 45-22 (Zeiss, 10-135) – widespread use, also popular in beer making The Zeiss scale is a linear scale that corresponds to 0-21 Brix. The instrument is popular with wine and cider makers and trading standards organisations. When used with a hydrometer, the combined result can yield alcohol by volume to within 0.5% - a quick estimate of ABV. This instrument is also used to monitor fermentation of Champaign style wines.

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ABV Kit Consisting of:

Eclipse Wine (%ABV) refractometer with a “Zeiss Scale” (Code 45-22) Hydrometer (Code 44-839) Hydrometer Jar (Code 44-838)

Measurement method:

1. Siphon off enough of the finished sample to fill the hydrometer jar to the required level and leave all the equipment with it in a place free from draughts and direct sunlight for a least an hour to attain room temperature.

2. Measure the S.G. as accurately as possible and record

3. Measure the refractive index of the sample in Zeiss units using the

Eclipse Wine refractometer.

4. The alcohol content in %ABV can be read from a graph or alternatively, calculated from the R-D value as shown below to obtain %ABV from a table supplied with the instrument.

R-D = R (Refractometer reading) – D (S.G. value)

Where D (S.G. value) = (S.G. – 1) x 1000 Examples Light dry table wine S.G. = 0.993 & Refractometer reading = 37 D (S.G. value) = (0.993 – 1) x 1000 = -7 R-D = 37 – (-7) = 44 Alcohol content = 10.7%v/v Sweet dessert wine or Sweet Cider S.G. = 1.015 & Refractometer reading = 72.5 D (S.G. value) = (1.015 – 1) x 1000 = +15 R-D = 72.5 – (+15) = 57.5 Alcohol content = 15.7%v/v

EXTENDED TABLE FOR TWO DECIMAL

PLACE ABV – see appendix 8

WEBSITE CALCULATOR NOW AVAILABLE FOR MOBILE PHONE ACCESS

www.bellinghamandstanley.com/mobile

AVAILABLE

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The following table shows the relationship between the various wine scales and the corresponding RI.

RI Sugar %

(Brix) Zeiss

Oechsle (Swiss)

Oechsle (German)

Baumé % Probable

Alcohol 1.33299 0.0 14.5 0.1 3.2 0.0 1.33442 1.0 18.2 3.9 7.0 0.6 1.33586 2.0 21.9 7.8 10.8 1.1 0.0 1.33732 3.0 25.7 11.8 14.6 1.7 0.6 1.33879 4.0 29.6 15.7 18.5 2.2 1.2 1.34026 5.0 33.4 19.7 22.4 2.8 1.8 1.34175 6.0 37.4 23.7 26.3 3.3 2.4 1.34325 7.0 41.3 27.7 30.3 3.9 3.0 1.34477 8.0 45.4 31.8 34.3 4.5 3.7 1.34629 9.0 49.4 35.9 38.3 5.0 4.3 1.34782 10.0 53.5 40.0 42.4 5.6 4.9 1.34937 11.0 57.7 44.2 46.4 6.1 5.5 1.35093 12.0 62.0 48.4 50.6 6.7 6.2 1.35250 13.0 66.2 52.6 54.7 7.2 6.8 1.35408 14.0 70.6 56.8 58.9 7.8 7.4 1.35568 15.0 75.0 61.1 63.1 8.3 8.1 1.35729 16.0 79.4 65.4 67.4 8.9 8.7 1.35891 17.0 83.9 69.8 71.6 9.4 9.4 1.36054 18.0 88.5 74.1 75.9 10.0 10.1 1.36219 19.0 93.1 78.5 80.3 10.5 10.7 1.36384 20.0 97.7 83.0 84.6 11.1 11.4 1.36551 21.0 102.5 87.4 89.0 11.6 12.1

Starch Model 45-26 (0-30 %) This instrument can be used to test starch solutions in the food industry but also a particular application is to test starch solutions used for coatings in the paper industry. The instrument can be zeroed with distilled water.

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Refractive Index Model 45-41(1.33 – 1.42 / resolution 0.001) This is the fundamental scale from which all other scales derive. It can, in principle be used for any application, provided the user knows the relationship between RI and the parameter in which they are interested. The scale is used for scientific purposes and where there is no other convenient scale available. N (sometimes n) is the scientific symbol for refractive index and nD denotes RI at the sodium D line (589.3 nm). The instrument can be used for a wide range of chemicals and their solutions. Examples are detergents, flavours and essences. Some customers in the car and aircraft industries use this model for measuring anti-freeze fluids. The instrument can be calibrated with water. At 20 C, the RI of water = 1.33299. To set the instrument at other temperatures, the table in Appendix 1 can be used. Note B+S used to offer a higher range RI instrument (1.40-1.50), but demand for this was very small. We do not offer such an instrument in the Eclipse range because of problems with dispersion. However, as an alternative the 44-829 E-line model which has a range of 1.40-1.50 R.I. can be considered or the E-line 90 model which also features achromatising prisms, making it ideal for use with samples that do not have the same dispersion characteristics as sugars. Refractive Index Model 45-66 (1.33 – 1.42 Aviation / resolution 0.002) This instrument has been specifically designed for the aviation industry. The Eclipse Aviation is used for determining the concentration of aircraft anti-icing fluids (glycol & additives) when mixed with water prior to it’s application to aircraft wings in cold weather to prevent ice build up during take-off. It incorporates a clearly defined scale for the easy reading of refractive index, which is then converted using a table supplied by the fluid manufacturer to acertain the precise concentration and/or the freezing point of the mixture. The Eclipse Aviation has a secure protective zero cap to ensure that no accidental adjustments are made to the calibration, thus ensuring accurate and reliable results are maintained. However, the calibration of the refractometer should be periodically verified using distilled water at 20°C.

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Antifreeze/Automotive Model 45-44 triple scale instrument:

- C protection (ethylene glycol) - C protection (propylene glycol) - Battery acid SG

This instrument is used to test automotive coolant fluids and battery acids and is therefore popular in garages and with car manufacturers. It is also used by airline companies for testing de-icing fluids that are used to spray aircraft wings in cold climates. Model 45-45 triple scale instrument:

- F protection (ethylene glycol) - F protection (propylene glycol) - Battery acid SG

This is essentially the same instrument as the 45-44 but with temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit. This instrument is aimed primarily at customers in the USA. Antifreeze/automotive scales - customisation Antifreeze formulations can differ in composition. Some are based on ethylene glycol, some on propylene glycol, some on other liquids such as methanol. They are often not simply two-component mixtures; they may also contain other ingredients such as anti-oxidants/anti-corrosive agents, colouring agents etc. The scales based on ethylene glycol or propylene glycol may therefore not always satisfy the needs of customers. Similarly, some customers do not like to use ‘degrees of protection’ as the measured unit. Some prefer to measure a ‘glycol’ concentration; some prefer to use the fundamental RI scale and do their own conversions using tables or equations. B+S have manufactured a number of special antifreeze/automotive scales for customers wishing to order reasonable quantities. In some cases the customer has provided special data based on a particular fluid formulation; in others, data from literature sources has been used. An example is a scale based on volume % concentration of glycols, as follows:

AVAILABLE

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Model 45-46 Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol 0-60 % vol These scales are based on the relationship between concentration and RI for simple two-component mixtures of ethylene or propylene glycol in water. Applications include the measurement of heat transfer fluids in air conditioning plants, heat exchangers, pasteurisers and fluid based radiator systems, automobile manufacturer cooling system loading amongst more specialist applications. Custom versions of this scale maybe available on request depending on quantity and subject to an additional setup charge. Salinity Sodium Chloride Model 45-65 (0-28 % weight) This instrument is used in a number of applications. In the food industry it can be used to test brines used for canning/packing vegetables and for meat and fish preservation. It can be used to test brackish waters in de-salination operations. It can also be used to test the salinity of waters used in aquariums and for fish farming purposes. It may also be used by some petroleum engineers in the preparation of brines used for oil well drilling fluids and checking the salinity of production fluids from reservoirs. Scale data was obtained from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

In principle, other scales can be created for particular inorganic salts, provided data on RI vs. concentration are available

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Low volume models A low volume model implies that a very small volume of liquid can be measured. This type of instrument is used by botanists and zoologists/entomologists that wish to measure very small quantities of nectar from plants and insects in the field. The scale used is usually the Brix scale and B+S offer two standard models of this type: Model 45-81 (sugar % or Brix 0-50) Model 45-82 (sugar % or Brix 45-80) These scales used together tend to cover all the samples likely to be encountered. The low volume performance of the instrument is achieved by using a special prism flap which has a precision machined face that enables very close contact with the prism and hence a very thin film of sample. The slightly higher price of these two models reflects the additional work needed to make the flap and test the instrument. Eclipse basic operation

Applying the sample to the refractometer

Lift the flap, drip sample onto the prism then lower the flap or use the dribble feature; drip sample onto the top of the closed flap. The Eclipse can also be used for testing solid substances (fruits). Cut a slice of the substance about 2mm thick and slightly smaller than the prism area. With the flap lifted, apply the slice to the surface of the prism.

Focussing the scale

Hold the instrument up to the light and look through the eyepiece. Rotate the eyepiece to focus the scale.

Taking a reading

Read the scale at the border of the light and dark areas. If the scale is completely light then the sample concentration may be too high for the instrument range.

Cleaning the prism

Thoroughly clean the prism and flap immediately after use with water or other suitable solvent and dry with clean tissue. Wiping the prism surface occasionally with alcohol will remove any build-up of oils left from the samples.

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9. E-Line Models The E-line Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC) Range of hand held refractometers offers versatility at a low price. They are ideal for use in many applications including: fruit, beverage, sugar and industrial applications where concentration measurements are required.

Code Food, Beverage, Sugar &

General Models Range Scale Division Page

No. 44-801 Sugar % (°Brix) ATC 0 – 10 0.1 21 44-802 Sugar % (°Brix) ATC 0 – 18 0.1 21 44-803 Sugar % (°Brix) ATC 0 – 32 0.2 21 44-804 Sugar % (°Brix) ATC 28 – 62 0.2 21 44-805 Sugar % (°Brix) ATC 45 – 82 0.5 21

44-812 Water in Honey 10 – 30 0.1 22 44-823 Wort Specific Gravity (SG)

Sugar % (°Brix) ATC 1.000 – 1.120 0-32

0.0005 0.2

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Special Application Models 44-808 Saline o/oo (PPT)

Saline SG 0 – 100 1.000 – 1.070

1.0 0.001

22

44-820 EG/PG °C Protection EG/PG % vol/vol

0 to -50°C 0 to 70%

5°C 5.0

23

44-821 EG/PG °C Protection Battery SG Windscreen °C

0 to -50°C 1.10 to 1.40 0 to -40°C

5°C 0.01 5.0°C

23

44-825 Serum Protein g/100ml Refractive Index Urine SG

0 – 12 1.335 – 1.360 1.000 – 1.050

0.2 0.0005 0.005

24

44-828 Refractive Index ATC 1.30 – 1.38 0.0001 24 44-829 Refractive Index ATC 1.435 – 1.520 0.001 24 44-822 Automotive – Adblue®

EG/PG °C Protection 30 – 35 % 0 to -50°C

0.5 5.0

25

Wine Applications 44-809 % Mass (°Brix)

Alcohol Probable 0-40 0-25

0.2 0.2

22

44-817 % Mass (°Brix) Oechsle D

0 – 32 0 – 140 OeD

0.2 1.0

22

44-818 % Mass (°Brix) Oechsle Babo (KMW)

0 – 32 0 – 140 Oe 0 – 27

0.2 1.0 0.2

22

44-819 °Baumé Alcohol Probable

0 – 20 0 – 25

0.2 0.2

23

21

Model 44-801 (0 – 10 °Brix) ATC This instrument can be used for determining low concentration of Brix in certain fruits, such as tomatoes. Applications also extends to non-sugar based fluids such as coolant, cutting oils and fire fighting foams

Model 44-802 (0 – 18 °Brix) ATC This instrument can be used for determining concentrations of Brix in a wide variety of fruits, such as oranges, pears, apples, pears, peaches and carbonated drinks.

Model 44-803 (0 – 32 °Brix) ATC Similar to the 44-802 but with extended (lower resolution) scale. This instrument can be used for determining concentrations of Brix in a wide variety fruit and general juices.

Model 44-804 (28 – 62 °Brix) ATC and Model 44-805 (45 – 82 °Brix) ATC These two instruments extend into the high sugar-containing products, such as syrups, malts, fondants, jams and marmalades and a wide variety of confectionary products.

Note Special calibration fluids (accurate sugar solutions) or solid test plates are needed to verify the calibration because water is off-scale.

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

22

Model 44-808 (0 – 100 ppt/ 1.000 – 1.070 SG) This model can be used for seawater de-salination operations possible on ships, and again in the oil industry where seawater is used to prepare drilling fluids. It is also ideal for amateur aquatic aquariums. It also incorporates a SG scale specifically designed for seawater.

Model 44-809 Wine (0 – 40 °Brix/ 0 – 25% Alcohol Probable)

This instrument is mainly designed to be used within the wine industry, as it incorporates the very popular 0 – 40% sugar (°Brix) combined with a 0 – 25 AP scale. The °Brix scale can be used for the measurement of soluble solids in grape must. Soluble solids can also be used as an indication to the Probable Alcohol “AP” content prior to the fermentation process. Model 44-812 (10 – 30 Water in Honey) This model is specifically designed to controlling the quality of fresh honey. Being a low cost version it’s ideal for the bee keeping industry.

Model 44-817 Wine (0 – 32% Mass / 0 -140 OeD) This model is a dual scaled instrument; 0 – 32% Mass (°Brix) and 0 – 140 Oechsle D (Germany). Ideal for use within the wine industry where the user needs to measure must (grape juice). This scale is mainly used in Germany, Luxemburg.

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

23

Model 44-818 Wine (0 – 32% Mass / 0 – 140 Oe / 0 -27 Babo) This model again incorporate the Oechsle scale for must measurements. The Babo scale is also used for determining the sugar content of grape must and is used mainly in Austria.

Model 44-819 Wine (0 – 20 °Baumé / 0 – 25 AP) This model is again designed to be used within the wine industry. The Baumé scale is another alternative to using the °Brix scale in the wine industry for the measurement of soluble solids in grape must. Soluble solids can also be used as an indication to the Probable Alcohol “AP” content prior to the fermentation process. The Baumé scale is mainly used in France and Spain.

Model 44-820 (0 to -50°C / 0 – 70% Vol.) This instrument is ideal for the measurement in % Vol. of antifreeze (Ethylene & Propylene Glycol) needed in industrial heat exchanges, pasteurisers, and heat flow systems.

Model 44-821 Automotive (0 to -50°C / 1.10 – 1.40 Kg/L / 0 to – 40°C SRF1) Ideal for use within the automotive industry as it incorporates three scale 1.10 to 1.40 battery acid S.G. Ethylene/propylene glycol 0 to -50°C freezing point and SRF1 screen wash 0 to -40°C.

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

24

Model 44-823 Wort (1.000 – 1.120 SG / 0 – 32 °Brix/°Plato) Brewers use this model to measure the concentration of “Wort” (beer) contained the “Mash Tun” (vessel) prior to fermentation. Typically a hydrometer is used (density in SG) but refractometers are often preferred as they are easier to use. The SG scale is based on pure sucrose and , as beer recipes are likely to have been formulated using a hydrometer, it may be necessary to apply a small offset for each beer type to negate the effects of other ingredients in the Wort that are not pure sugar. Model 44-825 (0 – 12 wt g/100ml / 1.335 – 1.360 R.I. / 1.000 – 1.050 SG) The instrument is mainly used by veterinarians for testing blood and urine. It measures directly in terms of Urine SG, refractive index and serum protein. Refractometers are widely used for VET applications, as sample volume and supply can be difficult to obtain.

Model 44-828 (1.3 – 1.38 R.I.) This instrument can be used for any application, providing the user knows the relationship between refractive index and the parameter in which they are interested in. The scale is used for scientific purposes and where there is no other convenient scale available. It’s primary designed to measure samples with low concentrations, such as detergents, screen wash and certain chemicals.

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

25

AVAILABLE

Model 44-829 (1.4 – 1.5 R.I.) Similar to the 44-828 but designed to measure samples with higher concentrations, such as flavours, essences and chemicals. Can be very useful where the application requires on the spot checks in chemical processing plants.

10. E-Line Adblue® Models In an effort to reduce environmental pollution, the European Union has established certain regulation about emissions from heavy and light goods vehicles. One method adopted by vehicle manufacturers to allow compliance is SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), which chemically reduces NOx emissions using a urea fuel additive. Adblue® is one such additive that is stored as a concentration in a separate tank to the fuel prior to mixing. In order to maintain efficiency and to be sure that systems are not compromised, it is essential that the concentration is accurately maintained. Measuring devices such as refractometers and hydrometers may perform such checks. Portable Devices – Hydrometer: A hydrometer is a scaled device that measures the specific gravity of a liquid, which in turn is proportional to concentration. The Adblue® hydrometer is low cost and offers excellent accuracy for measurements in the field. Operation: Sufficient sample is syphoned from the tank using integral suction pump. Concentration is subsequently checked against the point where the hydrometer crosses two calibrated target marks. Portable Devices – Optical Refractometer A refractometer measures the refractive index of a liquid and requires a much smaller sample then a hydrometer and being manufactured from alloy, they are considerably robust for use in the field. Operation: Apply a drop of sample to the prism, look through the eyepiece and take a measurement from the scale.

Model 44-822 Automotive - Adblue® (Adblue® 30-35%/EG/PG Protection 0 to -50°C)

AVAILABLE

26

E-line ATC basic operation

Applying the sample to the refractometer

Lift the flap, drip sample onto the prism then lower the flap. The E-Line can also be used for testing solid substances (fruits). Cut a slice of the substance about 2mm thick and slightly smaller than the prism area. With the flap lifted, apply the slice to the surface of the prism.

Focussing the scale

Hold the instrument up to the light and look through the eyepiece. Rotate the eyepiece to focus the scale.

Taking a reading

Read the scale at the border of the light and dark areas. If the scale is completely light then the sample concentration may be too high for the instrument range.

Cleaning the prism

Thoroughly clean the prism and flap immediately after use with water or other suitable solvent and dry with clean tissue. Wiping the prism surface occasionally with alcohol will remove any build-up of oils left from the samples.

44-881 Spare illuminator flaps with collar for ATC E-Line models (pack of 5)

11. E-Line 80 Model The E-line 80 is a dual scale Brix refractometer ideal for use in the food industry and other applications requiring concentration measurements over a wide measuring range. The instrument is of all medal construction with range selection being made by a simple rotary control on the instrument barrel. The E-line 80 is calibrated to read accurately at 20°C. Readings can be taken at any other temperature by applying a correction factor or by adjusting the ‘zero calibration screw’ to offset the effects of temperature comparing to the reading of water. Code Food, Beverage, Sugar & General

Models Range Scale Division

44-807 Sugar % (°Brix) Scale 1: 0 – 50 °Brix Scale 2: 50 – 80 °Brix

0 – 80 1.0

Select

correct range Depending on the concentration of the sample, select the range of measurement by adjusting the scale selection control. If the concentration is unknown, apply the sample and step through the ranges until a clear borderline is found.

Applying the sample to the refractometer

Lift the illuminating prism and apply the sample to the measuring prism.

Focussing the scale

Hold the instrument up to the light and look through the eyepiece. Rotate the eyepiece to focus the scale.

Taking a reading

Read the scale at the border of the light and dark areas. For dark samples, adjust the cover plate to allow more light to enter the prism.

Cleaning the

prism

Thoroughly clean the prism after use with water or other suitable solvents and dry with clean tissue. The prism surface could be damaged by strong alkalis or acids if left in contact for long periods of time.

AVAILABLE

27

12. OPTi Digital Range Bellingham + Stanley OPTi digital hand held refractometers are manufactured in the UK as highly reliable premium quality instruments suitable for use in the harshest of environments across a wide application scope.

OPTi refractometers are constructed using the latest manufacturing techniques including stainless steel injection moulding to construct the easy clean prism dish, ultrasonic welding to bond the housings and a rubberized switch membrane to further protect moisture ingress and excess wear. The OPTi refractometer may be used to control the dissolved solids or blend ratios of numerous products from fresh fruit to industrial chemicals. Unique Selling Points

UK design & manufacture using the latest techniques 316 stainless steel shallow sample dish for easy cleaning Ultrasonically welded ABS case providing dust and moisture ingress

protection to IP65 Extensive range of scale types for use in a wide variety of applications Single & Dual (Duo) scale model types inherent to the design – clear scale

indicator & simple button press unlike scrolling text used by some competitors!

4½ digit LCD display providing complete readout of extended text scales like Specific Gravity & Refractive Index – no scrolling displays like those used by some Japanese manufacturers!

Compact design with the lowest profile on the market1 – much more pleasant to carry in your pocket!

Water ZERO calibration on all models – no need for expensive sucrose solutions even for high range models

Certificate of Calibration supplied with all new OPTi refractometers showing the actual results of the traceable2 UKAS Certified Reference Materials used to test.

Fixed price re-certification service available OPTi Custom able to create specific scales not currently included in the

range Footnotes 1Depth – excludes “Pen-Type” models 2Traceability Pack as optional extra – copy certificates of UKAS CRMs used during re-certification

28

Dual Scale Models Having two pre-programmed model specific scales, OPTi Duo refractometers offer versatility in applications where a second product type is commonly measured such as diesel exhaust fluid (Adblue®) and antifreeze within the automotive service industry or in viniculture, where a regional unit must be supported by an internationally recognised scale. Further application specific OPTi Duo refractometers are listed on our website. OPTi Common Specifications

Measurement Performance

Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC)

ICUMSA, None or application Specific (model dependant)

Working temperature range 5–40°C

Sample temperature range 5-90°C

Temperature sensor accuracy ±1°C (5–40°C)

Measurement time 2 seconds

Relative humidity 95% RH (non condensing)

Battery power indicator Yes

Sample indicator High, Low or No sample

IP rating IP65 water resistant

Battery type 3V 2 x AAA (LR03)

Battery life expectation 10000 readings (minimum)

Physical Performance

Prism material Optical glass

Prism seal Silicon rubber and Viton

Sample dish 316 stainless steel

Sample surface diameter 8mm

Sample volume 0.3ml

Case material Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

29

Contents & Warranty

Supply content User manuals1(English, French, German, Spanish, Italian & Brazilian-Portuguese), Certificate of Calibration & soft black protective case

Warranty (limited) 12-months

Shipping Information

Dimensions (unpacked) 12.0 x 5.5 x 3.5cm (L/W/H)

Dimensions (packed) 19.0 x 9.0 x 5.0cm (L/W/H)

Weight (unpacked) 0.1kg

Weight (packed) DIN 0.2kg

Dimensions 10 units (packed) 31.0 x 19.0 x 20.5cm (L/W/H)

Weight 10 units (packed) DIN 2.5kg

Commodity code 90275000

Service

OPTi Service OPTi refractometers are manufactured as sealed units in order

to offer supreme ingress protection. As such, there are NO user or distributor serviceable parts

OPTi Custom

OPTi Scale Creation In the event that a particular scale or scale combination is not currently available from the published OPTi model list or if a unique customer scale is required, contact our Sales Team to request an OPTi Custom model.

If the scale data is available from either the customer or in the public domain, it will take no more than 5-days to produce and validate a new OPTi model specific to the request.

If no data is available, but samples of known and accurate concentration can be supplied, then a lab experiment at B+S will facilitate a new scale in no more than 14-days. (All subject to scale data fit to refractive index)

Instrument overview

Battery Compartment cover

Model/scale Identification

label

Prism dish

Prism surface

LCD display

ZERO key

READ key Battery indicator

Scale identifiers OPTi Duo models only

30

Basic Operation Installing batteries Remove the battery compartment cover by turning the two retaining screws in an anti-clockwise direction. Before inserting the batteries check that the compartment is clean and dry, and hat he cover seal is in good order. Insert the batteries, ensuring that the battery polarity is correct. Replace the cover by turning the two retaining screws clockwise direction whilst the cover is in position. It is recommended that alkaline batteries are used to reduce the frequency of the battery changes The battery indicator will show the current state of the batteries. When the indicator shows empty replace the batteries – never leave exhausted batteries in the refractometer. Turning on and off To turn the instrument on press READ. The instrument will automatically turn off if no buttons have been pressed for 60 seconds – alternatively press and hold READ for 3 seconds to switch the instrument off. Taking a reading Before taking a reading clean the prism surface thoroughly using a suitable solvent, e.g. water or methyl alcohol depending on the sample being measured. Fill the prism dish with the sample. Press the READ key, the display will clear A few seconds later the reading will be displayed. OPTi Duo models will also indicate the selected measurement scale on the display. After a measurement has been taken the sample should be removed and the prism cleaned. Zero calibration Fill the prism dish with distilled water. If the water is not at ambient temperature allow time for the water to temperate.

Press and hold ZERO for 3 seconds. The display will show as the calibration starts. When complete the display will show Changing the measurement scale – OPTi Duo models only OPTi Duo models have two measurement scales, A and B. The selected scale will be indicated by an arrow on the display when the instrument is switched on. To change the scale press and hold ZERO and within 3 seconds press READ. Displaying the temperature The OPTi refractometers can display the temperature of the last reading by quickly pressing and releasing the ZERO key – the temperature will then be displayed in either °C or °F.

31

Special unique features (USP) Changing the temperature display The OPTi refractometers may be configured to display the temperature in either Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F)

1. Press and HOLD the READ until OFF is displayed 2. Quickly release the READ key 3. Press and RELEASE the ZERO key (“-AGt-” will be displayed – see “AG

Verification” below) 4. Press ZERO 5. “-tSc-“ will be displayed 6. Press READ until the desired temperature scale is selected 7. Press ZERO to select the displayed temperature format

Verifying the instrument using a sucrose solution The measurement performance of the OPTi refractometers may be verified using a sucrose solution (weight/weight) of known concentration

1. Perform a zero calibration 2. Select the Brix scale 3. Fill the prism dish with the sample 4. Allow sufficient time for temperature stabilisation (typically 10 seconds) 5. Press READ 6. The OPTi refractometer may be considered to be performing correctly if the

reading is equal to the concentration of the sucrose solution ±0.2 °Brix Verifying the instrument using the “AG Test Mode” As an alternative to using a sucrose based solution of limited shelf life, the OPTi refractometers may be verified using a convenient “long life” AG fluid. However, as the AG fluid is not sucrose based, it cannot be corrected for temperature using ICUMSA (sucrose) compensation, so the OPTi refractometers incorporate a special “Test Mode” to facilitate the use of AG fluids as follows:

1. Perform a zero calibration 2. Press and HOLD the READ key until OFF is displayed 3. Quickly release the READ key 4. Press and RELEASE the ZERO key “-AGt-“ will be displayed (This is the “AG

Test Mode”) 5. Press the READ key (“-AGt-“ flashes) 6. Fill the prism dish with the AG fluid 7. Allow sufficient time for temperature stabilisation (typically 10 seconds) 8. Press READ (The instrument will alternate between the result and “-AGt-“ to

indicate that it is in the “Test Mode” 9. The OPTi refractometer may be considered to be performing correctly if the

reading is equal to the concentration of the AG fluid ±0.2 °Brix

32

Error messages In order to achieve the maximum performance from the OPTi refractometers, it is essential that care is taken when cleaning the instrument and applying samples to the prism. Sample concentration may vary considerably from the surface to the centre of a mass whether in a beaker or on a spoon or spatula. Evaporation will cause the reading to drift unless care is taken

Measured sample out of range. Sample either too low or high or of insufficient volume

Temperature too low or high.

Battery too low

(flashes)

Excessive ambient light or insufficient sample

“--.-°C/F” No recorded temperature

“-AGt- / 40.1” (alternates) AG Test Mode is active

Declaration of Conformity

(According to ISO/IEC 17050-1 & 2 : 2004) Manufacturer’s Name: Bellingham + Stanley Ltd. Manufacturer’s Address: Longfield Road Tunbridge Wells

Kent TN2 3EY United Kingdom

declares that the product: Product Name: OPTi Digital Refractometer Model Number: All conform to the following technical requirements: EMC Emissions EN 61326-1:2006 CISPR 11:2003, Class B AS/NZS CISPR 11 CISPR 11:2003, Class B FCC/CFR 47: part 15 ANSI C63.4:2003, Class B &

Canadian Standard ICES-003:Issue 4 CISPR 22:1997 inc A2:2003 Immunity EN 61326-1:2006 IEC 61000-4-2:1995 inc A2:2001 EN 61326-1:2006 IEC 61000-4-3:2002 & 2006

Supplementary The product herewith is designed

to comply with the requirements

33

of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC

34

Single Scale Models (Low Range) General Purpose

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-02 Brix 54 Sugar % (°Brix) 0-54 0.1 ±0.2 Bx S54t

38-17 RI 1.42 NTC Refractive Index (RI) 1.33-1.42 0.1 ±0.2 NONE Lndn

38-19 Brix 54 NTC Sugar % (°Brix) 0-54 0.1 ±0.2 NONE S54n

38-20 RI 1.42 Refractive Index (RI) 1.33-1.42 0.0001 ±0.0003 Bx Lndt

38-22 Starch 30 Starch % 0-30 0.1 ±0.2 Bx St30

38-23 Urea 40 Urea % (CRC data) 0-40 0.1 ±0.2 AUS32 UrEA

38-25 Seawater SG Seawater Specific Gravity 1.000-1.090 0.0005 ±0.001 NaCl SES9

38-26 Seawater PPT Seawater PPT (Parts Per Thousand) 0-180 1 ±1 NaCl SEPt

38-27 Wort SG Wort Specific Gravity (Sucrose Equivalent) 1.000-1.120 0.0005 ±0.001 Bx bEEr

38-28 Saline 28 Salinity % (NaCl) 0-28 0.1 ±0.2 NaCl NACL

38-29 Adblue® Urea % (AUS-32) 0-40 0.1 ±0.2 AUS32 AdbL

Single Scale Models (High Range)

General Purpose

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-04 Jam 75 Sugar % (°Brix) 20-75 0.1 ±0.2 Bx J75t

38-05 Hi Brix 95 Sugar % (°Brix) 50-95 0.1 ±0.2 Bx H95t

38-06 Honey Water in Honey % 10-30 0.1 ±0.2 Honey Hy30

38-07 Hi HFCS 42 42 HFCS 50-95 0.1 ±0.2 Bx HF1

38-08 Hi HFCS 55 55 HFCS 50-95 0.1 ±0.2 Bx HF2

38-09 Hi HFCS 90 90 HFCS 50-95 0.1 ±0.2 Bx HF3

38-16 Hi RI 1.54 NTC Refractive Index (RI) 1.42-1.54 0.0001 ±0.0003 NONE Hndn

38-18 Hi Brix 95 NTC Sugar % (°Brix) 50-95 0.1 ±0.2 NONE H95n

38-32 Hi RI 1.54 Refractive Index (RI) 1.42-1.54 0.0001 ±0.0003 Bx Hndt

Brix determinations of preserves

35

Single Scale Models (Full Range)

General Purpose

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-A1 Brix 95+ Sugar % (°Brix) 0-95 0.1 ±0.2 Bx S95t

38-A2 RI 1.54+ Refractive Index (RI) 1.33-1.54 0.0001 ±0.0003 Bx Fndt

38-H1 HFCS 42+ 42 HFCS 0-95 0.1 ±0.2 Bx HF4

38-H2 HFCS 55+ 55 HFCS 0-95 0.1 ±0.2 Bx HF5

38-H3 HFCS 90+ 90 HFCS 0-95 0.1 ±0.2 Bx HF6

38-B8 Brix 95+ NTC Sugar % (°Brix) 0-95 0.1 ±0.2 NONE S95n

38-B9 RI 1.54+ NTC Refractive Index (RI) 1.33-1.54 0.0001 ±0.0003 NONE Fndn

Dual Scale Models (Low Range)

Wine

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-41 Wine AP A B

% Mass w/w Alcohol Probable (AP)

0-35 0-22

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

AP

38-42 Wine OE-D A B

% Mass w/w Oechsle (German)

0-35 30-130

0.1 1

±0.2 ±1

Bx Bx

OEd

38-43 Wine OE-CH A B

% Mass w/w Oechsle (Swiss)

0-35 0-130

0.1 1

±0.2 ±1

Bx Bx

OECH

38-44 Wine KMW A B

% Mass w/w KMW (Babo)

0-35 0-25

0.1 1

±0.2 1

Bx Bx

bAbo

38-45 Wine Baume A B

% Mass w/w °Baumé

0-35 0-28

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

bAUE

38-46 Wine Baume/AP A B

°Baumé Alcohol Probable (AP)

0-28 0-22

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

bAAP

38-47 ABV A B

% Mass w/w ABV (°Zeiss)

0-35 10-135

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.5

Bx Bx

APU

Brewing

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-48 Brew SG A B

ABV (°Zeiss)

Wort Specific Gravity (Sucrose Equivalent)

10-135 1.000-1.120

0.1 0.0005

±0.5 ±0.001

Bx Bx

brE1

38-49 Brew A B

ABV (°Zeiss) °Plato

10-135 0-30

0.1 0.1

±0.5 ±0.2

Bx Bx

brE2

38-75 Dispense A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Propylene Glycol % by volume

0-54 0-60

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.4

Bx PG brE3

36

Life Science

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-51 Aquatic A B

Seawater PPT (Parts Per Thousand)

Seawater Specific Gravity (SG) 0-180 1.000-1.070

1 0.0005

±1 ±0.0010

NaCl NaCl

LSc1

38-52 Sport A B

Urine Specific Gravity (SG) Human (not IVD)

Sugar % (°Brix) 1.000-1.050 0-30

0.0005 0.1

±0.0010 ±0.2

Bx Bx

LSc2

38-53 Vet A B

Urine Specific Gravity (SG) Small Mammal Urine Specific Gravity (SG) Large Mammal

1.000-1.050 1.000-1.050

0.0005 0.0001

±0.0010 ±0.0010

Bx Bx

LSc3

38-54 Bx/Saline A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Salinity % (NaCl)

0-54 0-28

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx NaCl

LSc4

38-56 Colostral A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Colostral Quality

0-35 Poor / -PASS

0.1 PASS / Good

±0.2

Bx Bx

LSc5

General Purpose

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-31 General Purpose C1 A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Refractive Index (RI) ATC

0-54 1.33-1.42

0.1 0.0001

±0.2 ±0.0003

Bx Bx

9PC1

38-37 Chemical C2 A B

Refractive Index (RI) Temp °C (no ATC)

1.33-1.42 5-40°C

0.0001 0.1

±0.0003 ±1

NONE N/A

9PC2

38-38 Chemical C3 A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Refractive Index (RI)

20-70 1.36-1.47

0.1 0.0001

±0.2 ±0.0003

Bx Bx

9PC3

Heat Transfer Liquids

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-70 Heat Transfer PG/C A B

Propylene Glycol % by volume Propylene Glycol °C Protection

0-60 0 to -50

0.1 1

±0.4 ±1

PG PG

HtL1

38-71 Heat Transfer EG/C A B

Ethylene Glycol % by volume Ethylene Glycol °C Protection

0-60 0 to -50

0.1 1

±0.4 ±1

EG EG

HtL2

38-72 Heat Transfer EG/PG A B

Ethylene Glycol % by volume Propylene Glycol % by volume

0-60 0-60

0.1 0.1

±0.4 ±0.4

EG PG

HtL3

38-73 Heat Transfer PG/F A B

Propylene Glycol °F Protection

Propylene Glycol % by volume 30 to -40 0-60

1 0.1

±1 ±0.4

PG PG

HtL4

38-74 Heat Transfer EG/F A B

Ethylene Glycol % by volume Ethylene Glycol °F Protection

0-60 30 to -40

0.1 1

±0.4 ±1

EG EG

HtL5

38-81 Coolant A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Refractive Index (RI)

0-18 1.33-1.38

0.1 0.0001

±0.2 ±0.0003

Bx Bx

HtL6

Industrial coolant for on-the–spot measurements

37

Automotive

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-61 Auto A1 A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Ethylene Glycol °C Protection

0-54 0 to -50

0.1 1

±0.2 ±1

Bx EG

AuA1

38-62 Auto A2 A B

Sugar % (°Brix) DEF Adblue®

0-54 0-40

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

AUS32 AUS32

AuA2

38-63 Auto A3 A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Propylene Glycol °C Protection

0-54 0 to -50

0.1 1

±0.2 ±1

Bx PG

AuA3

38-65 Auto A4 DEF/C-EG A B

DEF Adblue® Ethylene Glycol °C Protection

0-40 0 to -50

0.1 1

±0.2 ±1

AUS32 EG

AuA4

38-66 Auto A5 DEF/F-EG A B

DEF Adblue® Ethylene Glycol °F Protection

0-40 30 to -40

0.1 1

±0.2 ±1

AUS32 EG

AuA5

38-67 Auto Antifreeze C A B

Ethylene Glycol °C Protection Propylene Glycol °C Protection

0 to -50 0 to -50

1 1

±1 ±1

EG PG

AuA6

38-68 Auto Antifreeze F A B

Ethylene Glycol °F Protection Propylene Glycol °F Protection

30 to -40 30 to -40

1 1

±1 ±1

EG PG

AuA7

Heat Transfer Liquids and Automotive – ideal for accurately checking the concentration of certain car fluids

Aviation

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-83 Aviation A B

Refractive Index (RI) FSII DiEGME ATC

1.33-1.42 0.0 to 0.25

0.0001 0.01

±0.0003 ±0.02

NONE Bx

FS11

Dual Scale Models (High Range) General Purpose

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-10 Honey/Brix A B

Water in Honey % Sugar % (°Brix)

10-30 50-95

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Honey Bx

HySu

38-11 Hi HFCS 42/55 A B

42 HFCS 55 HFCS

50-95 50-95

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

HF7

38-12 Hi HFCS 55/90 A B

55 HFCS 90 HFCS

50-95 50-95

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

HF8

38

Dual Scale Models (Full Range) General Purpose

Code Type Scale Range Resolution Accuracy ATC I.D.

38-A3 Brix 95/Honey+ A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Water in Honey %

0-95 10-30

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Honey

FSHy

38-B1 Brix 95/RI 1.54+ A B

Sugar % (°Brix) Refractive Index (RI)

0-95 1.33-1.54

0.1 0.0001

±0.2 ±0.0003

Bx Bx

FSnd

38-H4 HFCS 42/55+ A B

42 HFCS 55 HFCS

0-95 0-95

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

HF9

38-H5 HFCS 55/90+ A B

55 HFCS 90 HFCS

0-95 0-95

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

HF10

38-H6 Brix 95/HFCS 42+ A B

Sugar % (°Brix) 42 HFCS

0-95 0-95

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

HF11

38-H7 Brix 95/HFCS 55+ A B

Sugar % (°Brix) 55 HFCS

0-95 0-95

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

HF12

38-H8 Brix 95/HFCS 90+ A B

Sugar % (°Brix) 90 HFCS

0-95 0-95

0.1 0.1

±0.2 ±0.2

Bx Bx

HF13

I.D. is used as a model identifier – this will be displayed when the OPTi is initially switched ON

Indicates that the OPTi model incorporates a high or low measuring range

Indicates that the OPTi model incorporates a FULL measuring range

Accessories

Code Description

38-016

OPTi Belt Pouch

Appendix 1 Refractive Index of Water in air and at 589.3nm over the range 5-75°C

Temperature t°CR.I. of Water at 589.3nm & t°C

5.00 1.33388 10.00 1.33369 15.00 1.33338 20.00 1.33299 25.00 1.33250 30.00 1.33194 35.00 1.33131 40.00 1.33061 45.00 1.32985 50.00 1.32903 55.00 1.32817 60.00 1.32725 65.00 1.32628 70.00 1.32527 75.00 1.32421

Data Source: Refractive index values for Water are obtained from "Revised Formulation for the Refractive Index of Water and Steam as a Function of Wavelength, Temperature and Density", adopted by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) and available as part of NIST Standard Reference Database 101. Refractive indices calculated from the formulation are absolute refractive indices; conversion to refractive index against air requires division by the respective absolute refractive index of air (NIST Engineering Metrology Toolbox2). Refractive indices of air against temperature are determined under the following conditions: Vacuum Wavelength: 589.3nm Atmospheric Pressure: 101.325 kPa Air Humidity: 50 %RH Abbe Scale Conversions performed using the Abbe Utility Program V4.0 (10-660)

1 NIST Standard Reference Database 10, Version 2.21, A.H.Harvey, A.P.Peskin, S.A.Klein 2 NIST Engineering Metrology Toolbox: Refractive Index of Air Calculator (http://emtoolbox.nist.gov/Wavelength/Abstract.asp)

40

Appendix 2 Instrument Selection Guide – Beverage/sugars/specific application

Model No.

Gen

eral

Milk

P

rodu

cts

Co

las

/ so

das

Sof

t Drin

ks

Syr

ups

Ora

nge

Juic

e

Gen

eral

Ju

ices

Lact

ic a

cid

beve

rage

Die

t dr

inks

Fru

its

conc

entr

ates

Can

ned

frui

ts

Suc

rose

so

lutio

ns

Lem

onad

e

Nec

tars

Win

e gr

ape

mus

t

Clin

ical

/ V

ET

Col

ostr

al

(mar

es m

ilk)

Typical °Brix

5-30

5–13

50-70

11.2

5-25

5-30

0.2

40-75

5-40

0-90

7-12

0-85

7-15

N/A

10-40

Eclipse 45-01 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-02 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-07 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-03 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-08 ■ ■ ■ 45-05 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-06 ■ ■ 45-22 45-27 45-81 ■ ■ ■ 45-82 ■ ■ ■ 45-91 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-26 45-41 45-44 45-45 45-46 45-65 45-63 45-92 ■ ■ 45-93 ■ ■ ■ 45-94 ■ ■ ■ E-Line 44-801 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-802 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-803 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-804 ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-805 ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-807 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-808 44-809 ■ ■ ■ 44-812 44-817 ■ ■ ■ 44-818 ■ ■ ■ 44-819 ■ ■ 44-820 44-821 44-825 ■ ■ 44-828 44-829 OPTi Single 38-02 38-02 38-05 38-02 38-02 38-02 38-04 38-02 P. 33 38-02 N/A P. 33 N/A 38-56 Duo 38-31 38-31 38-38 38-31 38-31 38-31 38-38 38-31 P. 35 38-31 N/A P. 34 P. 35 N/A

+Single 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 N/A 38-A1 N/A N/A +Duo 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1

N O T

S U I T A B L E

F O R

H A N D

H E L D

R E F R A C T O M E T E R S

38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 N/A 38-B1 N/A N/A

The instrument selection guide is for general reference only and may not cover all applications or circumstances. If unsure about an application, please contact our sales department for further technical advice and assistance.

41

Appendix 2 (continued) Instrument Selection Guide – Food General

Model No.

Ora

nges

&

pear

s

Ana

lysi

s of

w

hole

egg

Tom

ato

pure

e &

pas

tes

Sug

ar b

eet

&

cane

Yea

st c

ultu

re

App

les,

st

raw

berr

ies

Jam

s &

m

arm

alad

e

Edi

ble

star

ches

Tom

ato

ketc

hup

Syr

ups/

HF

CS

Fon

dant

s &

ch

ocol

ate

Tof

fee

Hon

ey

(moi

stur

e)

Con

dens

ed

milk

Brin

es fo

r ca

nnin

g

Typical °Brix

5-20

5-45

30-50

5-20

40-75

5-20

55-75

5-25

15-35

55-75

55-95

55-95

75-95

40-75

5-20

Eclipse 45-01 45-02 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-07 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-03 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-08 ■ 45-05 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-06 ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-22 45-27 ■ ■ 45-81 45-82 45-91 45-26 45-41 45-44 45-45 45-46 45-65 ■ ■ 45-63 45-92 45-93 45-94 E-Line 44-801 44-802 44-803 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-804 44-805 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-807 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-808 44-809 44-812 ■ ■ 44-817 44-818 44-819 44-820 44-821 44-825 44-828 44-829 OPTi Single 38-02 38-02 38-02 38-02 38-04 38-02 38-04 38-02 38-02 P. 33 38-05 38-05 38-06 38-04 38-28

Duo 38-31 38-31 38-31 38-31 38-38 38-31 38-38 38-38 38-38 P. 36 N/A N/A 38-10 N/A 38-54

+Single 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 P. 34 38-A1 38-A1 N/A 38-A1 N/A

+Duo 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 P. 37 38-B1 38-B1 38-A3 38-B1 N/A

The instrument selection guide is for general reference only and may not cover all applications or circumstances. If unsure about an application, please contact our sales department for further technical advice and assistance.

42

Appendix 2 (continued) Instrument Selection Guide - Industrial

Model No.

Sta

rch

pape

r co

atin

g

Adb

lue

Win

e/ci

der

alco

hol

Bee

r m

alts

Sod

ium

ch

lorid

e so

lutio

ns

Aqu

aria

/fis

h fa

rmin

g

Sea

wat

er

conc

entr

ates

Cut

ting

&

quen

chin

g oi

ls

Ant

ifree

ze

cool

ants

Hyd

raul

ic

fluid

s

Fire

fig

htin

g fo

am

Sur

fact

ants

de

terg

ents

&

scre

en

was

h

Sha

mpo

o

Ref

ract

ive

inde

x m

easu

rem

ent

Fue

l sys

tem

s Ic

ing

inhi

bito

rs

Typical °Brix

5-25

38

5-25

15-40

5-30

5-15

5-20

3-15

5-25

3-15

3-15

3-18

15-35

N/A

3-30

Eclipse 45-01 ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-02 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-07 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-03 ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-08 45-05 45-06 45-22 ■ ■ 45-27 45-81 45-82 45-91 45-26 ■ ■ 45-41 ■ ■ 45-44 ■ ■ 45-45 ■ ■ 45-46 ■ ■ 45-65 ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-63 ■ ■ ■ ■ 45-92 45-93 45-94 E-Line 44-801 ■ ■ ■ 44-802 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-803 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-804 44-805 44-807 44-808 ■ ■ ■ ■ 44-809 ■ ■ 44-812 44-817 44-818 44-819 44-820 ■ ■ 44-821 ■ ■ 44-825 44-828 ■ ■ 44-829 ■ ■ OPTi Single 38-22 P. 33 38-02 P. 33 38-28 38-26 38-02 38-20 38-02 38-02 38-02 38-02 38-20 38-83

Duo N/A P. 36 P. 34 38-31 P. 35 38-54 38-51 38-81 P. 35 38-81 38-81 38-31 38-31 P. 35 N/A

+Single N/A N/A N/A 38-A1 N/A N/A N/A 38-A1 N/A 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A1 38-A2 N/A

+Duo N/A N/A N/A 38-B1 N/A N/A N/A 38-B1 N/A 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 38-B1 N/A

The instrument selection guide is for general reference only and may not cover all applications or circumstances. If unsure about an application, please contact our sales department for further technical advice and assistance.

43

Appendix 3 Protective Cases for the Eclipse All Eclipse Refractometers are supplied with a soft case. Spare cases, or cases for use with E-line models are available.

The Eclipse is an optical instrument, which needs to be handled with care to maintain it in good working order. The distinctive Eclipse logo helps to make it an attractive accessory. Order details below:

Code Size 45-97 Small/Medium 45-98 Large

44

Appendix 4 Calibration verification procedure for Hand-Held Refractometers using standard test plates The calibration of high range hand held refractometers (Eclipse & E-Line models only) can be verified using any of the standard test plates shown in the table below, together with an appropriate contact fluid, such as monobromonaphthalene (order code 10-43). Clear, laboratory grade methylated spirits (methyl alcohol) should be used for removing the test plate and cleaning the prism.

Test Plate Code No. R.I. @ 20° °Brix @ 20°C Silica 72-200 1.45839 67.1 Glass 72-207 1.48760

78.8

(19.6% W/H) Please read this procedure before commencing Applying the test plate Clean the polished surfaces of the test plate and the refractometer prism ensuring that there are no dust specks or finger marks present. These surfaces must be clean to obtain a good contact; this will also protect the prism from damage. It is important to use the correct amount of contact liquid. There should be just sufficient to cover the interface, but the liquid should not spread beyond the test piece edges. The correct amount can only be found with experience. To check the test piece is applied correctly, see that it does not rock. If it does, remove the test piece and clean off the contact liquid; then re-apply as above. To remove a test piece from the prism, apply an alcohol-based solvent liberally around the test piece and allow it to “float” off of the prism surface with the minimum of sliding. Take the reading Hold the refractometer horizontally, towards a light source*. The test plate should be applied a number of times to ensure that the correct reading is consistently obtained.

*The light source can be either natural light or electric light

45

The calibration of low range °Brix/R.I. hand held refractometers can be verified by using a suitable sucrose solution (see table 1 below). Sucrose solutions are an extremely easy to use medium for verifying and calibrating refractometers measuring directly in the °Brix or Refractive Index (R.I.) scales. Sucrose solutions are manufactured on a %weight/weight basis and are calibrated in accordance with EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005. A number of concentrations are available up to a maximum of 60° Brix, all traceable to NIST and ICUMSA and are supplied with a Certificate of Calibration.

Table 1

Sucrose Standards

Description

Value (°Brix) @ 20°C

Value (R.I.) @ 20°C

Order Code 15ml

Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 0.0 1.33299 SS00 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 5.0 1.34026 SS05 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 7.5 1.34401 SS075 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 10.0 1.34782 SS10 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 11.2 1.34968 SS112 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 11.5 1.35015 SS115 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 12.0 1.35093 SS12 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 12.5 1.35171 SS125 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 15.0 1.35568 SS15 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 20.0 1.36384 SS20 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 25.0 1.37233 SS25 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 30.0 1.38115 SS30 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 35.0 1.39032 SS35 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 40.0 1.39986 SS40 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 45.0 1.40978 SS45 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 50.0 1.42009 SS50 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 55.0 1.43080 SS55 Refractive Index Standard (Sucrose) 60.0 1.44193 SS60

Table 2

Calibration Oils

Description

Value (°Brix) @ 20°C

Value (R.I.) @ 20°C

Order Code 5 x 5ml

Calibration Oil 72.15 1.47071 90-525 Calibration Oil 91.74 1.52256 90-530 Calibration Oil N/A 1.56138 90-535

Note: The actual R.I./Brix values may vary with different batch numbers, therefore always refer to the Calibration Certificate that accompanies them. 90-535 calibration oil is not suitable for hand helds

46

Appendix 5 Temperature Correction Table This table gives mass fraction corrections to refractometric tables for sucrose solutions at 589nm for temperature different from 20˚C. Taken from ICUMSA, Appendix 2, SPS-3 (1998) page 8.

Measured Sucrose ˚Brix (Mass Fraction) Temp. (°C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

15 -0.29 -0.30 -0.32 -0.33 -0.34 -0.35 -0.36 -0.37 -0.37 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.37 -0.37

16 -0.24 -0.25 -0.26 -0.27 -0.28 -0.28 -0.29 -0.30 -0.30 -0.30 -0.31 -0.31 -0.31 -0.31 -0.31 -0.30 -0.30 -0.30

17 -0.18 -0.19 -0.20 -0.20 -0.21 -0.21 -0.22 -0.22 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.22

18 -0.12 -0.13 -0.13 -0.14 -0.14 -0.14 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15

19 -0.06 -0.06 -0.07 -0.07 -0.07 -0.07 -0.07 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.07

20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07

22 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

23 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22

24 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30

25 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37

26 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.45

27 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52

28 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.60

29 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.67

30 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.76 0.75

31 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.84 0.82

32 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.90

33 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.07 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.98

34 1.10 1.11 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.05

35 1.19 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.13

36 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.33 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.28 1.25 1.23 1.20

37 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.43 1.43 1.41 1.40 1.38 1.36 1.33 1.31 1.28

38 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.53 1.54 1.54 1.53 1.53 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.39 1.36

39 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.62 1.61 1.59 1.57 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.47 1.43

40 1.69 1.70 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.71 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.63 1.61 1.58 1.54 1.51

47

Appendix 6 °Brix to Refractive Index Conversion Table The table below can be used to convert °Brix readings taken from the instrument scale into refractive index.

°Brix

Refractive Index at

589.3nm and 20.0°C

°Brix Refractive Index at 589.3nm and

20.0°C °Brix

Refractive Index at 589.3nm and

20.0°C

0 1.33299 30 1.38115 60 1.44193 1 1.33442 31 1.38296 61 1.44420 2 1.33586 32 1.38478 62 1.44650 3 1.33732 33 1.38661 63 1.44881 4 1.33879 34 1.38846 64 1.45113 5 1.34026 35 1.39032 65 1.45348 6 1.34175 36 1.39220 66 1.45584 7 1.34325 37 1.39409 67 1.45822 8 1.34477 38 1.39600 68 1.46061 9 1.34629 39 1.39792 69 1.46303 10 1.34782 40 1.39986 70 1.46546 11 1.34937 41 1.40181 71 1.46790 12 1.35093 42 1.40378 72 1.47037 13 1.35250 43 1.40576 73 1.47285 14 1.35408 44 1.40776 74 1.47535 15 1.35568 45 1.40978 75 1.47787 16 1.35729 46 1.41181 76 1.48040 17 1.35891 47 1.41385 77 1.48295 18 1.36054 48 1.41592 78 1.48552 19 1.36218 49 1.41799 79 1.48811 20 1.36384 50 1.42009 80 1.49071 21 1.36551 51 1.42220 22 1.36720 52 1.42432 23 1.36889 53 1.42647 24 1.37060 54 1.42862 25 1.37233 55 1.43080 26 1.37406 56 1.43299 27 1.37582 57 1.43520 28 1.37758 58 1.43743 29 1.37936 59 1.43967

Data Source: ICUMSA Methods Book, Specification and Standard SPS-3 (2000), Refractometry

and Tables - (Official)

48

Appendix 7 % Water in Honey Temperature Correction for 45-27 Eclipse hand held refractometer Refractive Index is temperature dependant. It is necessary therefore to make corrections for measurements taken at temperatures other than the reference temperature (20C). For correcting measurements of ‘Water in Honey’ the following table may be used. Note that the table shows two decimal places in order that the value may be rounded up or down accordingly. Take a reading in accordance with the instruction manual supplied with the instrument. Correct the scale reading by the correction value obtained from table below. For example, a

sample is measured at 25C and gives a value from the refractometer of 15% Water in Honey. By using the table below, the corrected reading is: 15 + (-0.44) = 14.56.

Clean the prism with water and soft cloth after each use. Temperature / °C 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

10 0.87 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.97

11 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.87

12 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.77

13 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.68

14 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.58

15 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48

16 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.39

17 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29

18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19

19 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09

22 -0.17 -0.17 -0.17 -0.17 -0.18 -0.18 -0.18 -0.18 -0.18 -0.18 -0.18 -0.18 -0.18 -0.19 -0.19 -0.19 -0.19 -0.19 -0.19 -0.19 -0.19

23 -0.26 -0.26 -0.26 -0.26 -0.26 -0.27 -0.27 -0.27 -0.27 -0.27 -0.27 -0.28 -0.28 -0.28 -0.28 -0.28 -0.28 -0.28 -0.28 -0.29 -0.29

24 -0.34 -0.35 -0.35 -0.35 -0.35 -0.36 -0.36 -0.36 -0.36 -0.36 -0.37 -0.37 -0.37 -0.37 -0.37 -0.37 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38

25 -0.43 -0.43 -0.44 -0.44 -0.44 -0.44 -0.45 -0.45 -0.45 -0.45 -0.46 -0.46 -0.46 -0.46 -0.47 -0.47 -0.47 -0.47 -0.47 -0.48 -0.48

26 -0.52 -0.52 -0.52 -0.53 -0.53 -0.53 -0.54 -0.54 -0.54 -0.54 -0.55 -0.55 -0.55 -0.56 -0.56 -0.56 -0.56 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57

27 -0.60 -0.61 -0.61 -0.61 -0.62 -0.62 -0.63 -0.63 -0.63 -0.64 -0.64 -0.64 -0.65 -0.65 -0.65 -0.66 -0.66 -0.66 -0.66 -0.67 -0.67

28 -0.69 -0.69 -0.70 -0.70 -0.71 -0.71 -0.71 -0.72 -0.72 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.74 -0.74 -0.75 -0.75 -0.75 -0.76 -0.76 -0.76 -0.77

29 -0.78 -0.78 -0.79 -0.79 -0.80 -0.80 -0.80 -0.81 -0.81 -0.82 -0.82 -0.83 -0.83 -0.83 -0.84 -0.84 -0.85 -0.85 -0.85 -0.86 -0.86

30 -0.86 -0.87 -0.87 -0.88 -0.88 -0.89 -0.89 -0.90 -0.90 -0.91 -0.91 -0.92 -0.92 -0.93 -0.93 -0.94 -0.94 -0.94 -0.95 -0.95 -0.96

31 -0.95 -0.96 -0.96 -0.97 -0.97 -0.98 -0.98 -0.99 -0.99 -1.00 -1.00 -1.01 -1.01 -1.02 -1.02 -1.03 -1.03 -1.04 -1.04 -1.05 -1.05

32 -1.04 -1.04 -1.05 -1.05 -1.06 -1.07 -1.07 -1.08 -1.08 -1.09 -1.09 -1.10 -1.11 -1.11 -1.12 -1.12 -1.13 -1.13 -1.14 -1.14 -1.15

33 -1.12 -1.13 -1.14 -1.14 -1.15 -1.15 -1.16 -1.17 -1.17 -1.18 -1.19 -1.19 -1.20 -1.20 -1.21 -1.22 -1.22 -1.23 -1.23 -1.24 -1.24

34 -1.21 -1.22 -1.22 -1.23 -1.24 -1.24 -1.25 -1.26 -1.26 -1.27 -1.28 -1.28 -1.29 -1.30 -1.30 -1.31 -1.32 -1.32 -1.33 -1.33 -1.34

35 -1.29 -1.30 -1.31 -1.32 -1.32 -1.33 -1.34 -1.35 -1.35 -1.36 -1.37 -1.37 -1.38 -1.39 -1.40 -1.40 -1.41 -1.42 -1.42 -1.43 -1.44

36 -1.38 -1.39 -1.40 -1.40 -1.41 -1.42 -1.43 -1.44 -1.44 -1.45 -1.46 -1.47 -1.47 -1.48 -1.49 -1.50 -1.50 -1.51 -1.52 -1.52 -1.53

37 -1.47 -1.48 -1.48 -1.49 -1.50 -1.51 -1.52 -1.53 -1.53 -1.54 -1.55 -1.56 -1.57 -1.57 -1.58 -1.59 -1.60 -1.60 -1.61 -1.62 -1.63

38 -1.55 -1.56 -1.57 -1.58 -1.59 -1.60 -1.61 -1.61 -1.62 -1.63 -1.64 -1.65 -1.66 -1.67 -1.67 -1.68 -1.69 -1.70 -1.71 -1.71 -1.72

39 -1.64 -1.65 -1.66 -1.67 -1.68 -1.69 -1.69 -1.70 -1.71 -1.72 -1.73 -1.74 -1.75 -1.76 -1.77 -1.78 -1.78 -1.79 -1.80 -1.81 -1.82

40 -1.72 -1.73 -1.74 -1.75 -1.76 -1.77 -1.78 -1.79 -1.80 -1.81 -1.82 -1.83 -1.84 -1.85 -1.86 -1.87 -1.88 -1.89 -1.89 -1.90 -1.91

Table is based upon the temperature coefficient of -0.00023 R.I./°C given in the following documents: AOAC Official Method 969.38 - Moisture In Honey. AOAC Official Methods of Analysis (2000)

49

Appendix 8

Extended ABV table – 2 decimal resolution %ABV

R-D %v/v Alc R-D %v/v Alc R-D %v/v Alc

15.0 0.08 38.5 8.71 62.0 17.34

15.5 0.27 39.0 8.89 62.5 17.52

16.0 0.45 39.5 9.08 63.0 17.70

16.5 0.63 40.0 9.26 63.5 17.89

17.0 0.82 40.5 9.44 64.0 18.07

17.5 1.00 41.0 9.63 64.5 18.26

18.0 1.18 41.5 9.81 65.0 18.44

18.5 1.37 42.0 10.00 65.5 18.62

19.0 1.55 42.5 10.18 66.0 18.81

19.5 1.73 43.0 10.36 66.5 18.99

20.0 1.92 43.5 10.55 67.0 19.17

20.5 2.10 44.0 10.73 67.5 19.36

21.0 2.29 44.5 10.91 68.0 19.54

21.5 2.47 45.0 11.10 68.5 19.72

22.0 2.65 45.5 11.28 69.0 19.91

22.5 2.84 46.0 11.46 69.5 20.09

23.0 3.02 46.5 11.65 70.0 20.27

23.5 3.20 47.0 11.83 70.5 20.46

24.0 3.39 47.5 12.01 71.0 20.64

24.5 3.57 48.0 12.20 71.5 20.83

25.0 3.75 48.5 12.38 72.0 21.01

25.5 3.94 49.0 12.56 72.5 21.19

26.0 4.12 49.5 12.75 73.0 21.38

26.5 4.30 50.0 12.93 73.5 21.56

27.0 4.49 50.5 13.12 74.0 21.74

27.5 4.67 51.0 13.30 74.5 21.93

28.0 4.86 51.5 13.48 75.0 22.11

28.5 5.04 52.0 13.67 75.5 22.29

29.0 5.22 52.5 13.85 76.0 22.48

29.5 5.41 53.0 14.03 76.5 22.66

30.0 5.59 53.5 14.22 77.0 22.84

30.5 5.77 54.0 14.40 77.5 23.03

31.0 5.96 54.5 14.58 78.0 23.21

31.5 6.14 55.0 14.77 78.5 23.40

32.0 6.32 55.5 14.95 79.0 23.58

32.5 6.51 56.0 15.13 79.5 23.76

33.0 6.69 56.5 15.32 80.0 23.95

33.5 6.87 57.0 15.50 80.5 24.13

34.0 7.06 57.5 15.69 81.0 24.31

34.5 7.24 58.0 15.87 81.5 24.50

35.0 7.43 58.5 16.05 82.0 24.68

35.5 7.61 59.0 16.24 82.5 24.86

36.0 7.79 59.5 16.42 83.0 25.05

36.5 7.98 60.0 16.60 83.5 25.23

37.0 8.16 60.5 16.79 84.0 25.41

37.5 8.34 61.0 16.97 84.5 25.60

38.0 8.53 61.5 17.15

Important Information in relation to the use of this table: 2 decimal place %v/v Table covering the same range as Table 1, Alcohol Content in 45091'01.pdf The purpose of providing a 2 decimal place table is to allow users to benefit from better resolution of the table data and is not intended to offer a higher accuracy reading. The calculation of ABV by way of hand held refractometer and hydrometer is still limited by instrument performance, especially with respect to the temperature and achievable accuracy of the hand held refractometer. As such, the typical accuracy of % ABV vol/vol remains as published at ±0.5%.

50

Appendix 9 Calibration & verification points for hand held refractometers

Model Low reference scale value High reference scale value Scale 45-01 SS00 SS15 0 - 15% sugar 45-02 SS00 SS30 0 - 30% sugar 45-03 SS00 SS50 0 - 50% sugar 45-05 SS45 90-525 Calibration oil 45-80% sugar 45-06 90-525 Calibration oil 90-530 Calibration oil 72-95% sugar 45-07 SS00 SS30 0-32% sugar 45-08 SS30 SS60 28-65% sugar 45-22 SS00 = 14.45 Zeiss/1.33299 R.I. SS25 = 122.05 Zeiss/1.37232 R.I. 10-135 Zeiss 45-26 SS00 SS25 = 28.04 Starch / 1.37233 R.I. 0-30% starch

45-27

Glass T/P 78.8% / 19.6% W/H (see appendix 4 page 37)

10-30 W/H

45-41 SS00 = 1.333 R.I. SS45 = 1.4098 R.I./45.01 Brix 1.33-1.42 RI 45-44 SS00 = 1.33301 R.I. / 0.02 Brix SS35 = -33.85°C PG / 1.39031 R.I. 0 to -40°C EG/PG 45-45 SS00 = 32.01°F PG SS35 = -28.95°F PG / 1.39032 R.I. 30 to -30°F EG/PG 45-46 SS00 SS35 = 54.48 EG 0-60% vol PG/EG 45-63 SS00 SS20 = 170.2 Seawater / 1.36384 R.I. 0-180 PPT 45-65 SS00 SS20 = 17.48% NaCl / 1.36385 R.I. 0-28% NaCl 45-81 SS00 SS50 0-50% sugar 45-82 SS45 90-525 Calibration oil 45-80% sugar 45-91 SS00 SS25 0-30% sugar ATC 45-92 SS00 SS25 = 13.87 °Baumé 0-16 Baume/0-18AP 45-93 SS00 SS25 = 25.06 Brix/1.37233 R.I. 0-130 Oe/0-30% sugar 45-94 SS00 SS30 30-130 O/0-30% sugar 44-801 SS00 SS10 0-10% sugar 44-802 SS00 SS15 0-18% sugar 44-803 SS00 SS30 0-32% sugar 44-804 SS30 SS60 28-62% sugar 44-805 SS45 90-525 Calibration oil 45-82% sugar 44-808 SS00 0-100 PPT 44-809 SS00 SS35 = 22.01 AP 0-40% sugar/0-20AP 44-807 SS00 90-525 Calibration oil 0-80% sugar 44-806 SS00 90-530 Calibration oil 0-90% sugar

44-812

Glass T/P 78.8% / 19.6% W/H (see appendix 4 page 37)

10-30 W/H

44-817 SS00 SS30 0-32% sugar/0-140 OeD 44-818 SS00 SS30 0-32% sugar/0-140 Oe 44-819 SS00 SS25 = 13.87 °Baumé 0-20 Baume/0-25 AP 44-820 SS00 SS35 = 54.48 EG 0 to -50°C EP-PG/0-70% EP-PG

44-821

SS00 = 1.33301 R.I. / 0.02 Brix

SS35 = -33.85°C PG / 1.39031 R.I.

0 to -50°C EP-PG/1.10 to 1.40 SG 0 to -40°C screenwash 0-12 Serum Protein/1.335-1.360 RI 44-825

SS00

SS15 = 1.3557 R.I. 1.000 - 1.050 Urine SG

44-828 SS00 = 1.333 R.I. SS25 = 1.3723 R.I. 1.30 - 1.38 R.I. 44-829 SS60 = 1.4419 R.I. 90-525 Calibration oil 1.435 - 1.520 R.I.

Notes

Please refer to tables 1 & 2 on page 38 for full descriptions on these calibration standards Due to dispersion reasons a monochromic light source should be adopted when using the

90-525 and 90-530 calibration oils All values are calculated based on the sample and instrument temperatures are at 20°C.

51

Appendix 10 The FAQ listed below are available from the new Hand Held Distribution Channel Resource Centre of our website:

www.bellinghamandstanley.com/HHDCRC

FAQ Number Type Title

FAQ-HH-001 Technical Calibrate a HIGH RANGE hand held refractometer without using water (i.e. 45-80% Sugar Water-in-Honey)

FAQ-HH-008 Commercial Eclipse Advantages over competitor instruments

FAQ-HH-009 Technical Illuminator Flap chemical resistance & material

FAQ-HH-010 Application APPLICATION: Water soluble carbohydrate and protein in grass

FAQ-HH-011 Technical STATEMENT: Urine Specific Gravity Measurement by Eclipse Refractometer (IVD regulation 98/79)

FAQ-HH-012 Technical CE mark

FAQ-HH-014 Application Determination of ABV (proof) of liquors and spirits by hand refractometer

FAQ-HH-015 Technical Conversion Table – Brix to Specific Gravity, g/100ml (Urine)

FAQ-HH-016 Application APPLICATION: Horse Breeding - Equine Colostrum Quality

FAQ-HH-018 Application APPLICATION: lactose by hand refractometer

FAQ-HH-019 Application APPLICATION: Measuring root vegetables with a hand refractometer

FAQ-HH-020 Application Water-in-Honey: an explanation about use of a refractometer

FAQ-HH-021 Application APPLICATION: Hand refractometers in the aviation industry

FAQ-HH-022 Technical IP Rating Guide

FAQ-HH-024 Application Measuring Salinity (sea-water aquariums – fish farm lagoons)

FAQ-HH-025 Application APPLICATION: Analysis of whole egg

FAQ-HH-026 Technical Create a User Defined Table for a Brix Refractometer (i.e. lubricant/surfactant etc.)

FAQ-HH-027 Technical NOx reduction agent AUS 32 (Adblue®) Brix to %Concentration Conversion Chart

FAQ-HH-028 Technical Extended ABV table – 2-decimal

FAQ-HH-029 Technical Difficult samples – tips

FAQ-HH-030 Technical DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) Hydrometer User Guide

FAQ-HH-031 Commercial ABV Internet Calculator – Instructions/Disclaimer (PC and Mobile platforms)

FAQ-OPT-001 Technical Common Specifications

FAQ-OPT-002 Technical Intrinsic Safety

FAQ-OPT-003 Technical Service & Certification

FAQ-OPT-004 Commercial 10 Selling Points

FAQ-OPT-005 Commercial Custom Models

FAQ-OPT-009 Commercial OPTi - Definitive Model List at July 2012 (OPTi+ launch)

52

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