Hake

- South of Turkey -

GSA 24

Ali Cemal GUCUAli Cemal GUCUFerit BINGEL Meltem OK

Middle East Technical University

Institute of Marine Sciences

GFCM – SCSA 15-19 September 2008, İZMİR

X

www.ims.metu.edu.tr

Middle East Technical University Institute of Marine Sciences

R/V BILIM

300 GT, Steel hull, Length: 42 m, Beam: 9.47 m, Tonnage: 433 gross, Speed: 11.5 knots max, 9.5 knots cruising

ERDEMLİ

Wooden hull sail boat, 30 Gross tons; 10 knots max speed; length: 17 m;

LAMAS

Wooden hull trawler, 35 Gross tons; 12 knots max speed; length: 17 m;

Evolution of the industrial fishing fleet (DIE, 2004)

Purse seiners

Trawlers

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Years

Nu

mber

of

traw

lers

State Statistical Institute, Fisheries statistics

Hake landings – South of Turkey

Hake

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Years

Cat

ch

0

5

10

15

20

25

CPU

E

Catch

effort

Lizzard fish

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Climate Change

Summer sea surface temperatures

Water MassesWater Masses

2 - Atlantic water - AW Atlantic water - AW The existence of AW is due to the influx of the Atlantic water

through the Strait of Gibraltar

3 - Levantine Intermediate water - LIWLevantine Intermediate water - LIWThe LIW is formed in the Levant Basin (off the Antalya) occupying the layer between 300

to 500 meters; it is warm and very saline; and affects the oceanography of the entire Mediterranean

4 - North Atlantic Deep water - NADWNorth Atlantic Deep water - NADWDeep Water—a deep water mass that spreads at about 200 meters below the Levantine

Intermediate water that exits from the Gibraltar straits; is cooler and less salty than LIW,

but it is warmer and saltier than the surface AW (and Modified Atlantic Water)

1 - Levantine Surface Water - LSWLevantine Surface Water - LSWIn the Levantine Basin LSW is the overtopping warmer and more saline surface layer,

extending down to 40 m; occupying most of the surface layer of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the warm part of the year. It is the product of intense evaporation, with the

salinity reaching maximum values of around 39.5 by the end of the summer, especially in the northwest Levantine and southeast Aegean Seas around Rhodos

Competition by Lessepsian immigrants

– Saurida undosquamis -

Summary of the fisheries data used in

the analysis

Date Period # of Stations

Area Coverage

May 1980 - Nov 1982

Monthly 7 X 4 stations East of Göksu river

Oct.1983 - Oct. 1984

Seasonal 180 stations East of Cape Anamur

Apr.89 Single 40 stations East of Göksu river

Nov.96 Single 20 stations East of Göksu river

Jun. 1996 - Dec. 1999

Monthly 3 stations Tırtar - Erdemli

May 1999 - May 2003

Seasonal 6 stations Kızılliman Bozyazı

Nov 2003 -

Seasonal 12 stations Kızılliman Bozyazı

May 2007 - Monthly 3 stations Tırtar - Erdemli

Total 1453 stations

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

Mar-8

0

Mar-8

2

Mar-8

4

Mar-8

6

Mar-8

8

Mar-9

0

Mar-9

2

Mar-9

4

Mar-9

6

Mar-9

8

Mar-0

0

Mar-0

2

Mar-0

4

Mar-0

6

Mar-0

8

Time

CPU

E (

g/h

)

CPUE at Region I (Tırtar)

Seasonal occurrence

at the subregions

(1980-1982)

0E+00

3E+03

5E+03

8E+03

1E+04

Time

CPU

E

I-Goksu

II-Tırtar

III-Seyhan

IV-Tuzla

V-Hurma

VI-Yumurtalık

VII-Botas

I

II

IIIIV

V

VIVII

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

temperature (C)

dep

th (

m)

J an

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

J un

J ul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

May-8

0

J un-

80

J ul-8

0

Aug-8

0

Sep-8

0

Oct-8

0

Nov-8

0

Dec-8

0

J an-

81

Feb-

81

Mar-8

1

Apr-8

1

May-8

1

J un-

81

J ul-8

1

Aug-8

1

Sep-8

1

Nov-8

1

Dec-8

1

Mar-8

2

Apr-8

2

May-8

2

J un-

82

J ul-8

2

Aug-8

2

Sep-8

2

Oct-8

2

Nov-8

2

Time

CPU

E (

g)

15.00

17.00

19.00

21.00

23.00

25.00

27.00

Tem

pera

ture

(C

)

CPUE (g)

Temp (C)

I-Goksu

III-Seyhan

II-Tirtar

18.8 cm

18.8 cm

18.8 cm

Ligas et al. Biol. Mar. Medit., 10(2):853-855

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Length (cm)

freq

uen

cy

Author Sex Age (yr)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ghirardelli, 1959b M+F 18.8 23.0 28.8 38.0 - - - -

Županović, 1968 M+F 9 19 28 35 40 44 49 57

Flamigni, 1983M+F (May) 14.3 21.3 29.0 35.0 - - - -

M+F (Nov.) 19.0 26.2 33.3 39.0 - - - -

Author Sex (Lm, cm)

Zei, 1949 M 22.30

Županović, 1968M 20.28

F 26-33

Županović and Jardas, 1986M 20-28

F 23-33

Ungaro et al., 1993 M+F 25-30

Cetinić et al., 1999 M+F (Velebit Channel) 24

n = 5821

min = 7 cm

max = 43 cm

http://www.faoadriamed.org/html/Species/MerlucciusMerluccius.html

Goksu – 1980/82 L∞ = 65.7; K= 0.28; Z = 3.27 (2.77 – 3.77)

Tirtar – 1980/82 L∞ = 65.8; K = 0.28; Z = 3.45 (3.05 – 3.84)

Author Sex L∞(cm) K(yr-1) t0(yr) Φ’

Flamigni, 1983 M+F 85 0.12 - 6.77

Alegria Hernandez and Jukić, 1990 M+F 92.83 0.097 -0.629 6.73

Bolje, 1992 M+F 75 0.12 - 6.52

Vrgoč, 1995 (“Hvar”) M+F 83.27 0.125 -0.73 6.76

Ungaro et al., 1993M+F 75.68 0.153 0.14 6.78

F 82.63 0.126 -0.312 6.76

Marano, 1996

M 57 0.17 -0.83 6.31

F 67.5 0.159 -0.436 6.59

M+F 67.5 0.144 -0.807 6.49

M+F (Bhatt) 81 0.25 - 7.40

Marano et al., 1998b Marano et al., 1998c

M 72 0.15 0.005 6.66

F 84 0.13 0.102 6.82

M+F 84 0.12 -0.14 6.74

M+F( Bhatt) 62.2 0.23 - 6.79

M+F (Surf.) 68 0.25 - 7.05

Vrgoč, 2000 M+F 77.95 0.130 - 6.67

EC XIV/298/96-EN, Ionian and Southern Adriatic M+F 68.19 0.157 - 6.59

EC XIV/298/96-EN, Adriatic Sea M+F 85 0.12 - 6.77

Fall – 1983 – Merluccius merluccius

3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6

3 6

3 7

3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6

3 6

3 7

Fall – 1983 – Saurida undosquamis

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Anamur Goksu Tirtar Seyhan Tuzla Karatas Yumurtalik Botas

Fishing pressure (Number of boat at sight)1980-1984

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth (m)

CPU

E (

g/h

)Fall 1983 - CPUE

02468

101214161820

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth (m)

Mea

n le

ngth

(cm

)

Fall 1983 – mean length

Spring – 1984 – Merluccius merluccius

3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6

3 6

3 7

Spring – 1984 – Saurida undosquamis

3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6

3 6

3 7

Spring 1984 - CPUE

Spring 1984 – mean length

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth (m)

CPU

E (

g/h

)

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth (m)

mean length

(cm

)

Fall – 1984 – Saurida undosquamis

3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6

3 6

3 7

3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6

3 6

3 6 . 5

3 7

Fall – 1984 – Merluccius merluccius

Fall 1984 - CPUE

Fall 1984 – mean length

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth (m)

CPU

E (

g)

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

22.00

24.00

26.00

28.00

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth (m)

mean length

(cm

)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

S. undosquamis (g)

M.

merl

ucc

ius

(g)

Meluccius merlucciusMeluccius merluccius vs vs Saurida undosquamisSaurida undosquamis

020406080

100120140160180200

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

desity (sigma t)

dept

h (m

)

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

38 38.5 39 39.5

Salinity (ppt)

depth

(m

)

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0 20 40 60 80 100

depth (m)

CPU

E (

g)

Depth vs CPUEDepth vs CPUE0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

temperature (C)

dep

th (

m)

J an

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

J un

J ul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Thanks

Topography on the study area