Gurney’s Pitta Pitta gurneyi Research And Survey, Myanmar ......Gurney’s Pitta is a globally threatened species considered as Endangered in IUCN red listing. The survey was conducted

Gurney’s Pitta Pitta gurneyi Research

And Survey, Myanmar

March – June 2012

Lay Win, Saw Moses, Kyaw Naing Oo, Tin Htun Aung

&

Dr. Thiri Dae We Aung

ContentsContents ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1

2.ITINERARY AND METHODS ....................................................................................................................... 1

3.RESULTS .................................................................................................................................................. 12

3.1Description of Each Site .................................................................................................................... 12

3.1.9 Site IX: ...................................................................................................................................... 13

3.2 Records of Gurney’s Pitta on this survey .......................................................................................... 13

3.3 Other bird species recorded in the survey ....................................................................................... 13

3.4 Significant records ............................................................................................................................ 13

3.5 Threats ............................................................................................................................................. 13

4. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 14

6. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 14

7. APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................... 14

Appendix: 1 Forest type in survey areas ................................................................................................ 14

Appendix: 2 Summary of research ........................................................................................................ 26

Appendix: 3 Observation of Gurney's Pitta ........................................................................................... 28

Appendix: 4 - Other signifant bird species of the trip ........................................................................... 29

Appendix: 5 New records for Myanmar ................................................................................................. 29

Appendix: 6 Site I ................................................................................................................................... 29

Appendix: 7 Site II .................................................................................................................................. 63

Appendix: 8 Site III ................................................................................................................................. 81

Appendix: 9 Site IV ................................................................................................................................. 81

Appendix: 10 Site V .............................................................................................................................. 110

Appendix: 11 Site VI ............................................................................................................................. 142

Appendix: 12 Site VII ............................................................................................................................ 143

Appendix: 13 Site VIII ........................................................................................................................... 165

Appendix: 14 Site IX ............................................................................................................................. 166

Appendix: 15 Site X .............................................................................................................................. 166

Appendix: 16 Birds recorded during the survey ................................................................................... 167

Abstract

This is a report of Gurney’s Pitta Pitta gurneyi survey and research in Tanintharyi Region, Southern

Myanamar. Gurney’s Pitta is a globally threatened species considered as Endangered in IUCN red listing.

The survey was conducted for a period of three months started on 19 March and ended on 12 June 2012

during the late dry season to early monsoon period. There were ten survey sites (77 transects and 701

points) where the research and survey was carried out. A total 33 individuals of Gurney’s Pitta was

recorded in seven study sites (15 transects and 20 points) which are site I, IV, V, VI, VIII, IX and X and in

the altitudinal ranges of 2 to 89 m above main sea level.

1. INTRODUCTION

Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) Region is located in southern part of Myanmar and shares the border

with Thailand on the east and south-east and Andamen sea on the west. This area is rich in

species diversity due to different types of forest like Tropical Evergreen forest, Sundiac level

lowland forest, Semi-evergreen forest, Mangrove forest etc. This richness also depends on

topography, geological features and climatic factors. Tanintharyi has tropical monsoon type of

climate. It is also known as home for great diversity of flora and fauna.

Gurney’s Pitta Pitta gurneyi is the only bird species endemic to peninsular Thailand and

Myanmar. Gurney’s Pitta Pitta gurneyi is considered to be only found in Sundiac level

lowland forest. It designated as Endangered by IUCN Red List and it was initially thought to be

extinct for some time after 1952, but was rediscovered in 1986 in Thailand. In Myanmar, the last

sighting of Gurney’s Pitta was in 1914 and it was rediscovered in 2003 after a 89-year gap.

A search for it in Myanmar in 2003 discovered that the species occurs at four sites with a

maximum of 10-12 pairs at one location. The continual discovery of populations in Myanmar

during later years led to reducing it status from “Critically Endangered” to “Endangered” in 2007

(BirdLife International 2008). These were the result of surveys conducted in Htaungpru Reserve Forest

in Tanintharyi Township and Ngawun Reserve forest in Bokepyin Township in 2007. From the survey in

2007, 28 contacts and sightings were recorded (Thura et al, 2007). And from survey carried out in 2008 in

Tanintharyi Division total of 32 contacts s have been recorded. Although being down listed from Critical

to Endangered, the population of Gurney's Pitta continued to decline, due to the establishment of

commercials oil palm and rubber estates. These are the principle threats to the Gurney's Pitta population

in Myanmar. Unless serious conservation measures are undertaken the population will continue to decline

till it reaches a point when it is too late to implement conservation measures.

The objective of this research was to conduct various areas and habitats in Tanintharyi

(Tenasserim) Region where Gurney’s Pitta inhabits. The specific objectives of the research were

as follow:

- To establish the northern limit of the species

- To reconfirm the northernmost and highest records of 2011

- To assess the information on slope, altitude and distribution in the areas that are not

considered to be suitable for the species

Similar surveys were also carried out in 2010 and 2011 by BANCA.

2. ITINERARY AND METHODS

The surveys were conducted from 19 March to 12 Jun 2012 (Table 1). Sites were selected based

on the information and advice from BirdLife International and RSPB. “Google Earth” satellite

image and one-inch map were also referred.

The survey attempts to cover as many of the area, including the northern limit and highest

elevation, assumed to be suitable for Gurney’s Pitta. Transect lines were chosen in various

landscapes and different habitats, i.e. primary, primary degraded, secondary, secondary degraded,

secondary growth and bamboo forest including the old shifting cultivation and betel nut

plantations. Gradients were chosen as to cover steep and moderate slopes as well as flat ground.

The team divided into two groups and surveyed the same site, but with different transect lines,

together at first and then split up for different sites on foot, following logging tracks, exiting

trails, wild elephant tracks and invisible trails navigating through the forest using the GPS and

skillful local guides. Prerecorded “lilip” and “skew” calls were broadcast at every point, spaced

at approximately 100m/250m, (250 m - in the area of secondary growth and shifting cultivation),

intervals along the survey routes by using Sony Mp3 and memory card connected with

loudspeakers. The teams spent 20 minutes or more at each point. The type and number of calls

were noted if there were calls or responses. The geographic coordinates for each point were

documented using hand-held Global Positioning System – Garmin 60 Cx and Etrex GPS. Photos

were taken by OLYMPUS SP560UZ, SONY DSC S930 and OLYMPUS SP800UZ. The type of

forest and habitat were recorded. All birds and other fauna species were also recorded.

Table 1 Itinerary

Day Date Activities Overnight Remark

1 19.3.2012 Fly from Yangon to Myeik City Myeik City

2 20.3.2012 Buying supplies for the trip Myeik City

3 21.3.2012 Drive from Myeik City to Tharabwin village Tharabwin village

4 22.3.2012 Tharabwin village to Shwe Kyun village by boat Shwe Kyun village

5 23.3.2012 Survey (S1T1) Shwe Kyun village

6 24.3.2012Drive from Shwe Kyun village to Pawut Htar village and arrange for the trip in the morning and then survey in the afternoon (S1T2)

Pawut Htar village

7 25.3.2012 Survey (S1T3) by Group II, (S1T4 near Kaungtharyar village) by Group I Pawut Htar village

8 26..3.2012 Walk from Pawut Htar village to the field name Kyauk Taung Camp

Kyauk Taung Camp

9 27.3.2012 Survey (S1T5) by Group I, (S1T6) by Group II Kyauk Taung Camp

10 28.3.2012 Survey (S1T7) by Group I, (S1T8) by Group II Kyauk Taung Camp

11 29.3.2012 Walk and survey (S1T9) by Group I, along the track from Kyauk Taung Camp to Bawsanwe village Bawsanwe village

12 30.3.2012 Survey (S1T10) by Group I, (S1T11) by Group II Bawsanwe village

13 31.3.2012 Bawsanwe village to Kawet village by motor cycle Kawet village

14 1.4.2012 Unable to get local guide on Sunday in Kawet (Christian) village Kawet village

15 2.4.2012 Survey (S1T12) by Group I, (S1T13) by Group II Kawet village

16 3.4.2012 Kawet village to Tharabwin village by motor cycle Tharabwin village

17 4.4.2012 Drive from Tharabwin village to Kywe Ku village by boat Kywe Ku village 18 5.4.2012 Prepare for the trip Kywe Ku village

19 6.4.2012 Walk and survey (S2T1) by Group II, along the way from Kywe Ku village to Taung Yar Camp Taung Yar Camp

20 7.4.2012 Walk from Taung Yar Camp to Thae Nu Chaung Camp Thae Nu Chaung Camp

21 8.4.2012 Survey (S2T2) by Group I, (S2T3) by Group II Thae Nu Chaung Camp



24 11.4.2012 Walk back from Thae Nu Chaung to Pone Chaung Camp Pone Chaung Camp

25 12.4.2012 Survey (S2T8) by Group I, (S2T9) by Group II Pone Chaung Camp

26 13.4.2012 Walk from Pone Chaung Camp to Taung Yar Camp Taung Yar Camp

27 14.4.2012 Survey (S2T10) by Group I, II Taung Yar Camp

28 15.4.2012 Walk back from Taung Yar Camp to Kywe Ku village Kywe Ku village

29 16.4.2012 Walk to Site III, Mar Lar Than Camp Mar Lar Than Camp

30 17.4.2012 Survey (S3T1) by Group I, (S3T2) by Group II Mar Lar Than Camp

31 18.4.2012 Survey (S3T3) by Group I, (S3T4) by Group II Mar Lar Than Camp

32 19.4.2012 Survey (S3T5) by Group I, II Bangyok Camp

33 20.4.2012 Walk back to Kywe Ku village Kywe Ku village

34 21.4.2012 Drive from Kywe Ku to Tanintharyi town by boat Tanintharyi town

35 22.4.2012 Tanintharyi town to Kyain Chaung village by motor cycle Kyain Chaung village

36 23.4.2012 Prepare for trip in the morning and survey in the afternoon (S4T1) by Group I, II

Kyain Chaung village

37 24.4.2012 Walk from Kyain Chaung village to Kyain Chaung Camp Kyain Chaung Camp

38 25.4.2012 Survey (S4T2) by Group I, (S4T3) by Group II Kyain Chaung Camp

39 26.4.2012 Survey (S4T4) by Group I, (S4T5) by Group II Kyain Chaung Camp

40 27.4.2012 Survey (S4T6) by Group I, (S4T7) by Group II in the morning and move to Pone Gyi Camp in the afternoon Pone Gyi Camp

41 28.4.2012 Survey (S4T8) by Group I, (S4T9) by Group II Pone Gyi Camp

42 29.4.2012 Survey (S4T10) by Group I, (S4T11) by Group II (S4T12- GP Heard near camp in the afternoon) Pone Gyi Camp

43 30.4.2012 Survey (S4T13) by Group I, (S4T14) by Group II Pone Gyi Camp

44 1.5.2012 Walk back to Kyain Chaung village in the morning and drive back to Tanintharyi town by motor cycle Tanintharyi town

45 2.5.2012 Summarize and prepare for next trip at Khe Chaung village Tanintharyi town

46 3.5.2012 Drive from Tanintharyi town to Khe Chaung village Khe Chaung village

47 4.5.2012 Drive from Khe Chaung village to Ngawun Chaung Camp Ngawun Chaung Camp

48 5.5.2012 Survey (S5T1) by Group I, (S5T2) by Group II Ngawun Chaung Camp





53 10.5.2012 Survey (S5T11) by Group I,II Ngawun Chaung Camp

54 11.5.2012 Drive back from Ngawun Chaung Camp to Khe Chaung village

Khe Chaung village

55 12.5.2012 Preparing for Site VI Khe Chaung village

5613.5.2012 Group I: Walk from Khe Chaung village to Site VI

On the way

Group II: Drive from Khe Chaung village to Pyigyi Mandai town

Pyigyi Mandai town

57 14.5.2012 Group I: Walk to Ponkani Camp Ponekani Camp

Group II: Prepare for trip Pyigyi Mandai town

58 15.5.2012 Group I: Survey (S6T3) Ponekani Camp

Group II: Drive from Pyigyi Mandai town to 26-Mile Camp 26-Mile Camp


Group II: Survey (S8T1) 26-Mile Camp


Group II: Walk from 26-Mile Camp to Phayardan Camp Phayardan Camp


Group II: Survey (S8T2) Phayardan Camp





64 21.5.2012 Group I: Walk back from Ponekani Camp On the way

Group II: Walking from Phayardan Camp to 26-Mile Camp 26-Mile Camp

65 22.5.2012 Group I: Walking back to Khe Chaung village Khe Chaung village

Group II: 26-Mile Camp to 14-Mile Camp by Motorbike 14-Mile Camp

66 23.5.2012 Group I: Drive from Khe Chaung villge to Taung Nge village by motor cycle and prepare for Site VII Taung Nge village


67 24.5.2012 Group I: Taung Nge village to Kyway Chaung Camp by boat

Kyway Chaung Camp

Group II: Walking from 14-Mile Camp to 12-Mile Camp 12-Mile Camp

68 25.5.2012 Group I: Survey (S7T1) Kyway Chaung Camp

Group II: Arrange for survey 12-Mile Camp




Group II: Drive from 12-Mile Camp to Pyigyi Mandai town by motorbike

Pyigyi Mandai town


Group II: Summarize and prepare for next survey Pyigyi Mandai town


Group II: Pyigyi Mandai town to Yae Naut Chaung and survey (S9T3) and back in the afternoon by boat

Pyigyi Mandai town


Group II: Wait for group I Pyigyi Mandai town


Group II: Waiting for group I Pyigyi Mandai town

75 1.6.2012 Group I: Drive back from Kyway Chaung Camp to Taung Nge village by boat Taung Nge village

Group II: Wait for group I Pyigyi Mandai town

76 2.6.2012 Group I: Drive Taung Nge village to Pyigyi Mandai town Pyigyi Mandai town

Groop II: Meet group I and prepare for next trip Pyigyi Mandai town

77 3.6.2012 Pyigyi Mandai town to Namka Hprao Camp by boat Namka Hprao Camp

78 4.6.2012 Arrange for survey Namka Hprao Camp

79 5.6.2012 Survey (S10T1) Namka Hprao Camp

80 6.6.2012 Survey (S10T2) Namka Hprao Camp

81 7.6.2012 Drive back from Namka Hprao Camp to Pyigyi Mandai town

Pyigyi Mandai town

82 8.6.2012 Summarize and prepare to go back to Myeik City Pyigyi Mandai town

83 9.6.2012 Drive Pyigyi Mandai town to Myeik City, but car was stuck on the way due to the bad road condition On the way

84 10.6.2012 Continue to Myeik City Myeik City

85 11.6.2012 Arrange for Air ticket from Myeik City to Yangon Myeik City

86 12.6.2012 Arriving in Yangon Yangon

Note: Group I: Lay Win, Tin Htun Aung Group II: Saw Moses, Kyaw Naing Oo

3. RESULTS

Results are show in accordance with each site. In total the team surveyed ten sites and Gurney's

Pittas was found at seven sites. It was recorded in bamboo forest, betel nut plantations in

secondary and primary degraded forest between 11º11' N and 12º30' N. A total of 77 transects

were made and 701 points were visited in different places. The research was made in 13 transects

and 130 points in site 1, 10 transects and 68 points in site 2, 5 transects and 37 points in site 3, 14

transects and 114 points in site 4, 11 transects and 120 points in site 5, 8 transects and 56 points

in site 6, 7 transects and 80 points in site 7, 4 transects and 52 points in site 8, 3 transects and 26

points in site 9, two transects and 18 points in site 10. 33 numbers Gurney's Pitta were recorded in 7

study sites (77 transects and 701 Points). Among them, 14 birds of Gurney’s Pitta were both heard and

seen but 19 birds only heard. Please see details of the sites and all Gurney's Pitta contacts in (Table 3).

Fig. 1 Map of study sites in Gurney’s Pitta survey 2012

3.1 Description of Each Site

3.1.1 Site I: The survey was done in five areas named: near Shwe Kyun village, near Pawut Htar

village, Kyauk Taung Camp, near Bawsanwe village and near Kawet village.

i) Shwe Kyun village (N 12.52161 E 99.03617)

Shwe Kyun village is located on the east bank of Tanintharyi River in Tanintharyi Township,

Tanintharyi Region. There are about 20 households and one monastery-cum-orphanage and

primary school in the village. The majority of the villagers are Karen, Buddhist, migrants from

Kawmapyin village. The villagers earn their living by shifting cultivation and betel nut

plantation.

Transect no.1 was conducted at the southeast of the village from the lowest altitude gradually

moving higher along the logging trail between 25˚ and 40˚slope in an old shifting cultivation.

The habitat was bamboo, secondary forest and primary degraded forest. It was not a good habitat

for Gurney’s Pitta because the area is thick with closed vegetation. A similar habitat was

recorded at point 12.

ii) Pawut Htar village (N 12.56022 E 99.01758)

Pawut Htar village is located on the west bank of Tanintharyi River in Tanintharyi Township,

Tanintharyi Region. There are over 20 households with one Baptist church and primary school.

The majority of the villagers are Karen, Christian. They earned their living from shifting

cultivation and betel nut plantation.

Transect no.2 was conducted at the north of the village along the side of the river in the

degraded, secondary forest and no. 3,4 were conducted at the west along the old bull dozer track

in the secondary growth. Clear felling and freshly burnt forests were also recorded along the

track. This is not a good habitat for GP.

iii) Kyauk Taung Camp (N 12.54408 E 98.95686)

It is located near two lime stone out crops, one small and one big. Transect no.5, 6, 7, 8 and 9

were conducted in the area around the lime stone hills in the forest of primary degraded,

secondary, bamboo and bushes. Although the site has some good and suitable habitats for

Gurney’s Pittas none was recorded from that area.

iv) Bawsanwe village (N 12.51108 E 98.97583)

Bawsanwe village is a new village settled by people from different places to develop some

orchard mainly betel nut. It is located in the east direction of Myeik city, in Tanintharyi

Township, Tanintharyi Region. There are about 20 houses and a primary school under

construction. One company from Malaysia was logging and clear felling for converting that area

into oil palm plantation which lies south of the village. One main road to Myeik city was also

under construction.

The transect no.10 and 11 were selected in the northeast and southwest direction of the village.

Transect no.10 was along a secondary forest, recently cut old plantation area where suitable

habitat did not exist. Fortunately, a good habitat were found in transect no.11. Group 2, heard one

lilip before playback and three lilips after playback quite far at point 2 after playing the both

‘lilip’ and ‘skew’ calls at point 1. But the team was not sure (100%) that it was a Gurney’s Pitta

because there was no response after play back at transect point 2.

v) Kawet village (N 12.40397 E 99.00750)

The village is located at the south of Bawsanwe village in Tanintharyi Township, Tanintharyi

Region. There are about 65 households and all are Karen (Christian) ethnic tribe. The village was

relocated in 2003s when the political situation became stable after peace deal between the

Central government and Karen National Union (KNU). There are some paddy fields, cashew nut

plantations, betel nut plantations and shifting cultivations around the village.

Transect no.12 and 13 were conducted in secondary forest and bamboo. It was difficult to find

the habitat of Gurney’s Pitta at this place.

3.1.2 Site II: The survey was done in three areas named: Taung Yar Camp, Thae Nu Chaung

Camp and Pone Chaung Camp.

i) Taung Yar Camp (N 12.30036 E 99.19836)

Transect no.1 and 10 were conducted at the old transect where the Gurney’s Pitta had been

recorded in 2011. The resurvey was done again in this year to reconfirm occurrence of GP at

highest altitude and northern limit. Unfortunately, the area which the bird had found last

year was logged by Dawei Co.Ltd and most of the places were disturbed. The area from

Taung Yar Camp to Pone Chaung Camp will be cleared for the oil palm plantations by the Dawei

Company. The shifting cultivation and plantation can be seen along the road from Kywe Ku

village to the camp.

ii) Thae Nu Chaung Camp (N 12.24456 E 99.25208)

Thae Nu Chaung is the name of the stream where the survey team set a camp. Transect no. 2, 3,

4, 5, 6 and 7 were conducted to the west and east direction. There are pretty good habitats in the

area except transect no.2.

iii) Pone Chaung Camp (N 12.26667 E 99.23603)

Pone Chaung is the name of the stream where the survey team set a camp again. It is near the

place where the Gurney’s Pittas were heard last year 2011. The trees in this area were also cut

down by Mar Lar Than Wood Company (from Thailand). In spite of playing both calls in the

same area as last year where GP was recorded, there was no response.

3.1.3 Site III: The survey was done in these areas named: Mar Lar Than Camp and Bangyok Camp.

i) Mar Lar Than Camp (N 12.23228 E 99.15325)

Mar Lar Than is the name of the wood company in the area of four transects (no.1, 2, 3, and 4)

were studied. Transect no.1 and 3 were carried out along the new logging road which goes up to

a range of hills with a primary forest. Transect no.2 and 4 were also carried out along the new

logging road in bamboo forest and shifting cultivation. These areas are not suitable habitat for

GP.

ii) Bangyok Camp (N 12.22097 E 99.15328)

Bangyok is known as the village of Karens who were once Karen National Union (KNU)

members. The area seemed to be used as a plantation many times. Transect no.5 was counted in

the scrub forest, old and fresh shifting cultivations. It is impossible for GP to stay around,

because transects and points are disturbed, degraded and cleared for betel nut and rubber

plantations.

3.1.4 Site IV: The survey was carried out near Kyain Chaung village, around Kyain Chaung

Camp and Pone Gyi Camp.

i) Kyain Chaung village (N11.94450 E99.24725)

The village is situated on the main road from Tanintharyi town to Mawtaung village, on the

border of Myanmar and Thailand. The village was re-established over ten years ago and there are

about 80 households and over 200 populations.

Transect no.1 is near Kyain Chaung village along the logging track on a flat plain between the

mountain ranges. There was secondary forest, old and new shifting cultivation along the transect.

ii) Kyain Chaung Camp (N 11.96236 E 99.28681)

Transect no.2, 3, 4 and 5 are in the logging area. The area seems to be a primary degraded forest.

There were some similar habitats for GP in some points but there was no clue of the Gurney’s

Pittas in these transects.

iii) Pone Gyi Camp (N 11.95133 E 99.28992)

The survey team set up a camp near a place what seems to be like a feeding ground of animals. Transect

no.6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 were conducted around this area. All of them were suitable habitats for GP

in this area. The whining of chain-saw ware heard in this area. Logging camps were also recorded.

Six lilips and one skew call were heard before playback in the late afternoon at 17:15 when the teams

were at camp preparing for dinner. But there was no response after playing both lilip and skew calls.

3.1.5 Site V: Ngawun Chaung Camp (N 11.60719 E 99.21631)

The field team chose to camped in this site, on the bank of Ngawun stream because this was a site which

was used before in 2004 by BANCA team. Eleven transects were completed.

Gurney’s Pittas were recorded at transect no.1, 2, 3, 7, 9 and 11. Almost all habitats are good for GP, as

they have flat and moderate ground.

3.1.6 Site VI: Ponekani Camp (N11.62825 E99.25989)

To reach this site two days walk is needed. The camp was near the Ponekani stream (N11.62825

E99.25989) and eight transects were conducted. The prerecord lilip and skew calls were not

played when the team walked to the camp. But, Gurney’s Pittas were heard on the way to the

camp, especially at transect no.1 and 2. The transects were conducted along the jungle path

through the thick forested areas except transect no.8 which was an old timber extraction route.

3.1.7 Site VII: Kyway Chaung Camp (N11.76628 E98.92094)

It is one of the main freshwater streams flowing from north to south draining into the Lenya

River. The survey was not carried out in the mouth of the stream, because it was a marshy flood

plain. But surveys were conducted upwards along the stream where habitat of GP exists. Even

then there was no response at some sites. The transect lines were in a valley and the terrain was

not flat. Seven transects were completed.

3.1.8 Site VIII: The research was carried out in 26-Mile Camp and Phayardan Camp.

i) 26-Mile Camp (N11.26867 E99.21122)

It is located on the main road from Pyigyi Mandai town to Yadanarpon (old mining) village. It is

the camp where the GP was recorded last year. Transect no.1 was done again at the same area

done before. This area have been logged by Tar Mo Nyae wood company.

ii) Phayardan Camp (N11.26867 E99.21122)

Phayardan is the name of the pagoda which is situated in a huge lime stone cave. It became

popular as a pilgrimage site earlier this year. Surveys were carried out in the southwest direction

of the camp and two transects were completed. Gurney’s Pittas were recorded at transect no.3,

point no.7, 10 and 14. The area was also logged by Tar Mo Nyae wood company.

3.1.9 Site IX: The survey was conducted in three areas around 14-Mile Camp, 12-Mile Camp and Yae Nauk Chaung area.

i) 14-Mile Camp ( N 11.34967 E 99.11222 )

Transect no.1 was carried out in the primary degraded forest where MRT wood company was logging. The habitat seems to be disturbed by logging.

ii) 12-Mile Camp ( N 11.38211 E 99.10889 )

Transect no.2 was carried out in the low quality secondary/bamboo forest. It was unbelievable

that the bird responded, six skews in before and 20 lilips and 15 skews after playback in such this

forest. By looking at this result, we now believe that GP survive in any kind of forest providing

that if there are no disturbances.

iii) Yae Nauk Chaung area ( N 12.39125 E 99.00067 )

The field team drove from Pyigyi Mandai town to Yae Naut Chaung area to investigate that place. But the area was occupied by shifting cultivations and there were some patches of poor quality secondary vegetation.

3.1.10 Site X: The surveys were conducted in the area so call Bo Khon village near Namka

Hparo stream in the flood plain where there were beetle nut plantations mixed with other

perennial trees like Durain, Jack fruit, etc. The villagers who have settled in their respective

orchard were Karen and Thai Shan. Gurney’s Pittas, were found in secondary vegetation i.e

bushes which occurs as a mosaic surrounded by betel nut plantations and perennial crops

plantations. By looking at this result, we now know that GP can survive in plantation associate

with any kind of forest.

3.2 Records of Gurney’s Pitta on this survey

A total 33 individuals of Gurney’s Pitta was recorded in seven study sites (15 transects and 20

points) at site I, IV, V, VI, VIII, IX and X at the altitude ranges of 2-89 m a.s.l. There were

fourteen birds which were both heard and seen and only 19 birds that were heard.

There was one lilip call before and three lilips after playback at point 2, transect no 11, site I, 30

meter a.s.l on the 30 March at coordinates 12.51475N, 98.98211E.

6-lilips and one-skew calls were recorded before playback at 25 m a.s.l in the Pone Gyi Camp

site IV on 29 April 2012 at 11.95133N, 99.28992 E.

Total of 17 birds were recorded near the Nga Wun Chaung at Site V. Six Gurney’s Pitta were

both heard and seen in transect no. 1, 2 and 7. The rest of them (11 birds) were heard from 10-30

meter distance at 2-43 m a.s.l in bamboo forest.

Two pairs and two birds of Gurney’s Pitta were both heard and seen at 22, 24 and 57 m a.s.l in

study site VI at 11.60267N, 99.24044 E, 11.59511N, 99.25592 E and 11.64258 N, 99.24897 E

respectively. There was 13-lilips heard before but no respond after playback at 43 m a.s.l in

secondary bamboo forest at 11.22294 N, 99.18061 E. 5-lilips and 2-skew before playback were

also recorded in the same site (N11.21839 E99.18042) but there was no respond after playback.

Two-skews before playback were also recorded at 89 m a.s.l in the same area (N11.20964

E99.17622) but there was no response after playback.

Two male birds were sighted at 23 meters a.s.l in secondary bamboo forest in site IX (N11.39031

E99.12156). There were also 6-skews heard before and 20-lilips and 15-skews after playback.

Two Gurney’s Pitta were seen in different points at 19 m and 25 m a.s.l in Namka Hparo, Site X.

All of the data are shown in figures (Appendix 3).

Fig.2 Gurney’s Pitta locations

3.3 Other bird species recorded in the surveyA total of 293 birds (12876 individuals), from 56 families were recorded. The bird species recorded in

each site were 200 species – site I, 55 species –site II, 103 species – site III, 142 species- Site IV, 115

species- site V, 103 species- site VI, 114 species-VII, 102 species-site VIII, 42 species-site IX and 96

species-site X.

In site I, the maximum number of individual (birds) recorded as one species was Stripe-throated Bulbul

Pycnonotus finlaysoni (112 in no) and the minimum number of individuals (one bird) was 12 bird species.

In Site II, the maximum number of individuals recorded as one species was Yellow-bellied Warbler

Abroscopus superciliaris (112) and the minimum number individuals (one bird) was 4 bird species.

In Site III, the maximum number of individual recorded as one species was Brown-winged Kingfisher

Pelargopsis amauroptera (very common) and Black-crested Bulbul Pycnonotus flaviventris (34) and the

minimum number of individuals was 4 bird species.

In Site IV, the maximum number of individual recorded as one species was Taiga Flycatcher Ficedula

albicilla and the minimum number of individual recorded was 4 bird species.

In Site V, the maximum and number of individual recorded as one species was Arctic Warbler

Phylloscopus borealis, Yellow-bellied Prinia Prinia flaviventris, Taiga Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla (and

the minimum number 8 bird species. .

In Site VI, the maximum individual was Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus (32) and the

minimum 4 bird species.

In Site VII, the maximum was Edible-Nest Swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphaga (50+) and minimum individual

was 4 bird species.

In Site VIII, the maximum was Pin-Striped Tit-Babbler Macronus gularis (24) and the minimum 4 bird

species.

In Site IX, the maximum was Pin-Striped Tit-Babbler Macronus gularis (50+) and the minimum was 2

bird species.

In Site X, the maximum was Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus, Blue-tailed Bee-eater Mecops

philippinus, and Germain's Swiftlet Aerodramus germane (very common) and the minimum bird species

(see Appendix 16).

3.4 Significant records

Of 293 species, six are globally threatened species; including Endangered Gurney's Pitta Pitta

gurneyi (Endangered), five Vulnerable: Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicu), Wallace’s Hawk Eagle

(Nisaetus nanus), Large Green Pigeon (Treon capellei), Plain pouched Hornbill (Aceros

subruficollis) and Great Slaty Woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulverlintus) and twenty-five are near

threatened, three new records for Myanmar: Slaty- legged Crake (Rallina eurizonoides ), Rufous-

bellied Swallow (Cecropis badia) and Blue-throated Bee-eater (Merops viridis) out of which

two are new for this region; Asian Emerald Cuckoo (Chrysococcyx maculates ) and Streak-

throated Woodpecker (Picus xanthopygaeus) (Appendix 4).

3.5 Threats

Threats found in Tanintharyi Region for this year are natural forest replaced by perennial crops

such as coconut palm, betel nut, oil palm, rubber and cashew nut. Shifting cultivation was also

recorded in these areas. Large area of forest land has been found burning for conversion to oil

palm plantation. Logging was found in this area as well.

Hunting was also recorded as a threat to other wildlife. There is a large scale bush meat traded in

these areas. Some species, such as Red- whiskered Bulbul, Straw- headed Bulbul, Asian paradise

Flycatcher, Hill Myna, Pangolin and Leopard were hunted for trading at the border of Myanmar

and Thailand. Mammals and some bird species such as Hornbills were also hunted for food. It

has been noted that excessive hunting for meat and trade is the single most important reason for

the decline in fauna populations.

4. CONCLUSION

A total of 33 individuals of Gurney’s Pitta were recorded during the survey. In previous surveys

of 2010 and 2011, the count was 13 and 12 respectively. This survey recorded more Gurney’s

Pitta than the previous two surveys. After three consecutive years of study the Myanmar field

team found out that the birds start to call and respond by the end of April. This is earlier than

their peak mating season June (Gretton et al, 1993, Round 1995). This survey also noted that

lots of Gurney's Pittas were recorded in first week of May 2012.

In this survey, there were 77 transects and 701 points carried out. Among them, Gurney’s Pitta

contacts were recorded at seven study sites, 15 transects (20 points). Fourteen birds were

recorded by sighting and hearing and 19 birds by calling before and after playback.

In this survey, all records of Gurney’s Pitta were below 70 m a.s.l. The survey team was not able

to confirm previous years’ highest elevation because that area has been cleared for plantation.

This years’ record exceeds the northern most limit of the Gurney’s Pitta range at 12° 31’ N.

Geographical range of previous years surveys were 11° 28’ N to 11° 47’ N in 2010 and at 11° 14’

N to 12° 18’ N in 2011. Geographical range has been defined as 7° 25’ N to 11° 50’ N (Lambert

and Woodcock 1996) and 7° N to 12° N (BirdLife International 2001).

There were many types of gradient and land forms in the study area. Seventy- seven transects

were situated between the elevations of 2- 89 m range. The team found out that elevation ranges

of (0-50) and (50-100) m were the most favorable altitudes for Gurney’s Pitta.

In addition, only 6 Red- whiskered Bulbuls were recorded throughout the whole survey of three

months. These are the most common bird in the country. These bulbuls were hunted or captured

not only by local people but also by people from the other regions using mist-nets. As they are

the most popular trade bird for Thailand many people try to catch them to sell across the border.

Many loggings and conversion of lands from forest to perennial crops were found

everywhere at the study areas.

This year BANCA team has been able to penetrate deeply into insurgent areas which were not

accessible before. This may be due to the peace programs initiated by the new government.

Porters and guides used by our surveyors were mostly soldiers of the Karen National Union

KNU. Some soldiers who laid land mined also accompanied the team to guide them and avoid

stepping on them.

The team also noticed that forest conditions in the KNU controlled areas are more pristine. More

mammals were seen in those areas. Even perennial crops orchards were in good position unlike

the areas under control of the government. The KNU has issued a decree that people would be

executed if they hunt Gibbons, Tigers, Malaysia Tapirs and hornbills. The insurgents were also

more conservation minded.

6. REFERENCES

Birdlife International (2007) Gurney's Pitta – Birdife Species Factsheet, Birdlife International, 2007.

Donald, P.F et al (2009) Population, distribution, habitat use and breeding of Gurney's Pitta Pitta gurneyi

in Myanmar and Thailand, Bird Conservation International, Birdlife International, 2009.

Eames J. C. , et al., (2005) Priority Contribution Redand discovery of Gurney's Pitta Pitta gurneyi in

Myanmar and an Estimate of its Population size based on Remainging Forest Cover, Bird

Conservation International, Birdlife International, 2005.

Htin Hla et al., (2003) Rediscovery of Gurney's Pitta in Tanintharyi Division, Myanmar, Wild- Bird

Adventure Travels & Tours.

Lay win, Sa Myo Zaw, Aung, T.D.W, (2010) Gurney’s Pitta Pitta gurneyi Research In Tanintharyi

Division, Myanmar.

Lay win, Saw Moses, Aung, T.D.W, (2011) Gurney’s Pitta Pitta gurneyi Research In Tanintharyi Division,

Myanmar March – May.

Thura et al., (2007) Gurney's Pitta Research, Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association, 2007

(Unpublished Report).

7. APPENDICES

Appendix: 1 Forest type in survey areas

Site Name Transect No.

Total points Ele (m) No. of

GP Forest types/status

I

Shwe Kyun village 1 13 32-292 -

secondary forest, old shifting cultivation, degraded forest, primary degraded forest

Pawut Htar village

2 7 23-47 - secondary forest, bamboo forest, degraded forest, plantation

3 12 27-86 -

Old shifting cultivation, secondary growth, clear felling, freshy burnt, bamboo forest, plantation, secondary forest

4 12 8.-45 - secondary forest

Kyauk Taung Camp

5 12 27-76 - secondary forest, bamboo forest

6 6 32-93 - Secondary forest, bamboo forest, bushes, Primary degraded

7 11 15-114 - Secondary forest, bamboo forest, primary degraded

8 5 32-124 - Secondary forest, bushes, primary degraded forest

Bawsanwe village

9 12 20-35 - Secondary forest

10 16 60-26 -

Secondary forest, clear felling for paddy, old shifting cultivation, primary degraded forest

11 7 29-44 1 Secondary forest, bushes, bamboo forest

Kawet village

12 12 23-55 - secondary forest, bamboo forest

13 5 20-82 -Secondary forest, bamboo forest, shifting cultivation, primary degraded forest

II Taung Yar Camp 1 7 37-75 - Secondary forest, bamboo forest

Thae Nu Chaung Camp

2 11 91-160 - Primary degraded forest, bamboo forest



5 9 114-151 - Primary degraded forest,

6 7 124-273 -Secondary forest, Primary degraded forest, bamboo forest, primary forest

7 6 133-245 - Primary degraded, Primary forest

Pone Chaung Camp

8 6 184-432 - Primary forest, Primary degraded, bamboo forest

9 5 296-403 - Primary degradedTaung Yar Camp 10 6 43-271 - Secondary forest, logging, old &

fresh shifting cultivation

III

Mar Lar Than Camp

1 8 171-245 - Primary

2 9 40-111 - Bamboo& shifting cultivation

3 7 251-1111 - primary

4 7 28-43 - Bamboo& shifting cultivationBangyok Camp 5 6 17-52 - Old & fresh shifting cultivation

IV

Kyain Chaung village

1 12 29-52 - Secondary & shifting cultivation

Kyain Chaung Camp

2 8 35-55 - primary degraded



5 7 43-65 - primary degraded/ lead mining

Pone Gyi Camp

6 8 29-54 - Primary degraded

7 5 63-77 - Primary degraded8 10 34-62 - Primary degraded9 13 42-80 - Primary degraded10 9 40-75 - Primary degraded11 13 44-90 - Primary degraded12 1 25 - Primary degraded13 10 41-69 - Primary degraded14 5 42-65 1 Primary degraded

V Ngawun Chaung Camp

1 11 23-40 4 Primary degraded /bamboo forest2 9 15-106 3 Primary degraded 3 10 17-54 2 Primary degraded /bamboo forest4 13 33-51 - Primary degraded5 10 Sep-42 - Primary degraded

6 8 31-50 - Primary degraded7 12 4.-54 4 Primary degraded/ bamboo8 10 15-45 - Primary degraded9 11 5.-51 2 Primary degraded10 10 26-47 - Primary degraded11 16 12.-34 2 Primary degraded

VI

On the way1 1 22 2 Primary degraded /bamboo2 1 57 2 Primary degraded /bamboo

Ponekani Camp

3 8 33-135 - Primary degraded /bamboo4 9 35-103 - Primary degraded /bamboo5 7 41-133 - Primary degraded /bamboo6 9 18-32 2 Primary degraded7 10 28-47 - Primary degraded8 11 24-51 - Primary degraded

VIIKyway Chaung Camp

1 12 22-117 -Primary degraded forest, secondary/bamboo forest, shifting cultivation

2 7 Mar-46 - Secondary/bamboo forest3 14 40-292 - Secondary/bamboo forest

4 9 12-132 - Secondary/bamboo forest, shifting cultivation

5 8 7-122 - Secondary/bamboo forest6 14 9-141 - Secondary/bamboo forest7 16 1-179 - Secondary/bamboo forest

VIII

26-Mile Camp 1 11 41-193 - Secondary forest, bamboo forest

Phayardan Camp

2 12 52-161 - Secondary forest, bamboo forest3 16 39-105 4 Secondary forest4 13 42-80 - Secondary forest

IX

14-Mile Camp 1 13 25-62 - Secondary forest, bamboo forest

12-Mile Camp 2 12 22-60 2 Secondary forest, bamboo forest

Yae Naut Chaung 3 1 10 - Secondary, shifting cultivation

XNamka Hparo Camp

1 8 3.-31 1 Secondary, Betel nut plantation

2 10 17-65 1 Secondary, Betel nut plantation

Appendix: 2 Summary of research

No. SitesStudy period

Total no. of Transects

Total no. of Points

Observed Gurney's

Pitta

Elevation (m)Date Periods

(days)

1 I 23/3/12 _ 2/4/12 10 13 130 1 30

2 II 6/4/12 _ 14/4/12 9 10 68 - -

3 III 17/4/12 _ 19/4/12 3 5 37 - -

4 IV 23/4/12 _ 30/4/12 8 14 114 1 25

5 V 5/5/12 _ 10/5/12 6 11 120 17 2.-43

6 VI 14/5/12 _ 20/5/12 7 8 56 6 22-57

7 VII 25/5/12 _ 31/5/12 7 7 80 - -

8 VIII 16/5/12 _ 20/5/12 5 4 52 4 43,89

9 IX 23,26,29/5/12 3 3 26 2 23

10 X 5/6/12 _ 6/6/12 2 2 18 2 19,25

Total 60 77 701 33

Appendix: 3 Observation of Gurney's Pitta

Date Site

Transect

Point Co-ordinate

Ele:

(m)

Seen/Heard Sex

Dist:

(m)

Forest Type Call

30.3.2012 I 11 2 N12.51475 E98.98211 30 Heard 50 Secondary 1-lilip before playback &

3-lilips after playback

29.4.2012 IV 12 1 N11.95133 E99.28992 25 Heard 25

Primary degraded

6-lilips & 1-skew before playback

5.5.2012 V 1 1 N11.60775 E99.21575 29 Heard

20/10

Primary degraded

2-skew before playback &10-lilips after playback

5.5.2012 V 1 4 N11.60997 E99.21731 23Heard/Seen M/F

50/20

Primary degraded 10-lilips before playback

&30-lilips after playback

5.5.2012 V 2 5 N11.60519 E99.21564 34 Heard/Seen M/F

25/4

Primary degraded

4-lilips/ 2-skew before playback &

4-lilips/ 3-skew after playback

5.5.2012 V 2 9 N11.60589 E99.21811 32 Heard

20/17

Primary degraded

10-lilips before playback &


6.5.2012 V 3 6 N11.61969 E99.22422 43 Heard 15

Primary degraded


no respond after playback

8.5.2012 V 7 5 N11.63981 E99.22014 29 Heard/Seen M/F

30/15

Primary degraded


>50-lilips after playback

8.5.2012 V 7 9 N11.63972 E99.21611 2 Heard 25

Primary degraded/Bamboo



9.5.2012 V 9 9 N11.64372 E99.21331 38 Heard

30/15

Primary degraded



10.5.2012 V 11 2 N11.64142 E99.22772 30 Heard 25

Primary degraded



14.5.2012 VI 1 1 N11.60267 E99.24044 22 Heard/Seen M/F

20/5


>20-lilips before playback &


14.5.2012 VI 2 1 N11.59511 E99.25592 57 Heard/Seen M/F

30/5



>20-lilips after playback

20.5.2012 VI 8 10 N11.64258 E99.24897 24 Heard/Seen M

25/20




19.5.2012 VIII 3 7 N11.22294 E99.18061 43 Heard 50/5

Secondary/ Bamboo



0

19.5.2012 VIII 3 10 N11.21839 E99.18042 43 Heard 70

Secondary/ Bamboo



19.5.2012 VIII 3 14 N11.20964 E99.17622 89 Heard 70

Secondary/ Bamboo

2-skew before playback &no respond after playback

26.5.2012 IX 2 8 N11.39031 E99.12156 23 Heard/Seen M

25/5

Secondary/ Bamboo

6-skew before playback &20-lilips/ 15-skew after

playback

5.6.2012 X 1 6 N11.22922 E98.97117 25 Heard 20

Secondary/Betel nut plantation



6.6.2012 X 2 4 N11.18750 E98.96094 19 Heard 20

Secondary/Betel nut plantation

3-skew before playback &no respond after playback

Total

Appendix: 4 - Other signifant bird species of the trip No. Common name Scientific name Status Total quanti:

1 Gurney's Pitta Pitta gurneyi EN 332 Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus VU 13 Wallace's Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus nanus VU 434 Large Green-Pigeon Treon capellei VU 605 Plain-pouched Hornbill Aceros subruficollis VU 776 Great Slaty Woodpecker Mulleripicus pulverlintus VU 717 Long-billed Partridge Rhizothera longirostris NT 68 Ferruginous Partridge Caloperdix oculea NT 89 Crested Partridge Rollulus rouloul NT 42

10 Great Argus Argusianus augus NT 311 Oriental Dater Anhinga melanogaster NT 112 Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus NT 14913 Moustached Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx vagans NT 1314 Black-bellied Malkoha Rhopodytes diardi NT 1015 Brown-winged Kingfisher Pelargopsis amauroptera NT 2516 Rufous-backed Kingfiher Ceyx rufidorsa NT 117 Southern Brown Hornbill Ptilolaemus tickelli NT 7118 Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis NT 4619 Helmeted Hornbill Rhinoplax vigil NT 420 Red-crowned Barbet Megalaima raffesii NT 4621 Red-throated Barbet Megalaima myataco NT 8422 Green Broadbill Calyptomena viridis NT 3223 Black-And-Yellow Broadbill Eurylaimus ochromalus NT 10724 Mangrove Pitta Pitta megarhyncha NT 1425 Dark-throated Oriole Oriolus xanthonotus NT 1726 Maroon-Breasted Philentoma Philentoma velata NT 327 Black Magpie Platysmurus leucopterus NT 4228 Crested Jay Plathlophus galericulatus NT 1429 Lesser Green Leafbird Chloropsis cyanopogon NT 830 Grey-bellied Bulbul Pycnonotus cyaniventris NT 231 Buff-vented Bulbul Iole olivacea NT 48

Appendix: 5 New records for MyanmarNo. Common name Scientific name Status Total quanti:

Slaty- legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides M 1 Rufous-bellied Swallow Cecropis badia M 5 Blue-throated Bee-eater Merops viridis M 9 Asian Emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx maculatus R Streak-throated Woodpecker Picus xanthopygaeus R

M- New recorded for MyanmarR- New recorded for Region

Appendix: 6 Site I

Date Site Camp Transect Point

Time

Co-ordinate

Ele:(m) GP D

iForest Type Group

23.3.2012 I Shwe Kyun village 1 1 7:00

N 12° 31' 2.6"E 99° 02' 24.6"

32 Secondary forest I,II

2 7:22

N 12° 31' 2.8"E 99° 02' 28.6"

78 Old Shifting Cultivation I,II

3 3:56

N 12° 31' 3.9"E 99° 02' 33.0"

112 Old Shifting Cultivation I,II

4 8:20

N 12° 31' 3.8"E 99° 02' 37.8"

141 Degaraded forest I,II

5 8:53

N 12° 31' 3.7"E 99° 02' 42.8"


6 9:15

N 12° 31'13.8"E 99° 02' 48.0"


7 9:50

N 12° 31'16.0"E 99° 02' 52.2"


8 10:15

N 12° 31'19.9"E 99° 02' 55.0"

232 Primary degaraded I,II

9 10:40

N 12° 31'24.4"

252 Primary degaraded

I,II

E 99° 02' 57.0"

10 11:05

N 12° 31'28.7"E 99° 02' 56.4"


11 12:30

N 12° 31'32.0"E 99° 02' 53.4"


12 12:55

N 12° 31'35.9"E 99° 02' 54.0"


13 13:20

N 12° 31'40.1"E 99° 02' 56.4"


24.3.2012 I Pawut Htar village 2 1 14:4

5

N 12° 33'36.8"E 99° 01' 03.3"

40 Secondary forest/

the edge of platation

I,II

2 15:15

N 12° 33'41.4"E 99° 01' 03.0"


3 15:45

N 12° 33'46.0"E 99° 01' 03.2"


4 16:15

N 12° 33'50.5"E 99° 01' 04.3"

34 Degaraded/Bamboo forest I,II

5 16:45

N 12° 33'55.1"E 99° 01' 06.1"


6 17:15

N 12° 33'59.3"E 99° 01' 08.1"

32 Plantation I,II

7 17:45

N 12° 34'05.1"E 99° 01' 13.1"



N 12° 33'36.4"E 99° 00' 35.1"

75 Old Shifting Cultivation/

secondary growth II

2 7:40

N 12° 33'34.4"E 99° 00' 30.5"

67 Clear felling & freshly burnt II

3 8:00

N 12° 33'31.4"E 99° 00' 27.6"


4 8:30

N 12° 33'30.7"E 99° 00' 23.7"

85 Secondary/Bamboo forest II

5 8:56

N 12° 33'28.6"E 99° 00' 20.5"

82 Secondary

growth/bamboo forest

II

6 9:25

N 12° 33'23.7"E 99° 00' 20.4"

47 Secondary forest II

7 9:55

N 12° 33'22.0"E 99° 00' 15.6"

38 Secondary forest/plantation II

8 10:25

N 12° 33'22.7"E 99° 00' 11.3"


9 10:55

N 12° 33'27.1"E 99° 00' 12.5"


10 11:25

N 12° 33'27.7"E 99° 00' 09.0"


11 11:50

N 12° 33'27.7"E 99° 00' 04.1"


12 12:20

N 12° 33'27.6"E 99° 00' 01.6"



N 12° 33'17.5"E 98° 59' 48.8"

20 Secondary forest I

2 8:45

N 12° 33'12.6"E 98° 59' 47.7"

10

Secondary forest I

3 9:15

N 12° 33'07.5"E 98° 59' 48.3"

42

Secondary forest I

4 9:45 N 12° 33'05.0"E 98° 59'


43.1"

5 10:15

N 12° 33'04.8"E 98° 59' 37.7"

25

Secondary forest I

6 10:45

N 12° 33'02.7"E 98° 59' 32.2"

41

Secondary forest I

7 11:15

N 12° 33'02.8"E 98° 59' 27.3"

40

Secondary forest I

8 11:45

N 12° 33'01.5"E 98° 59' 22.3"

28

Secondary forest I

9 12:15

N 12° 32'59.1"E 98° 59' 17.3"

12

Secondary forest I

10 12:45

N 12° 32'39.0"E 98° 59' 12.1"

8

Secondary forest I

11 13:15

N 12° 32'59.1"E 98° 59' 05.9"

22

Secondary forest I

12 13:45

N 12° 32'59.2"E 98° 58' 58.5"

45

Secondary forest I

27.3.2012 IKyauk Taung Camp

5 1 7:00

N 12° 32'38.7"E 98° 57' 24.7"

32 Secondary/ Bamboo I

2 7:30

N 12° 32'40.7"E 98° 57' 20.5"


3 7:50

N 12° 32'39.3"E 98° 57' 16.1"


4 8:10

N 12° 32'37.8"E 98° 57' 11.2"


5 8:30

N 12° 32'39.3"E 98° 57' 06.5"


6 8:50

N 12° 32'37.6"E 98° 57' 02.3"


7 9:10

N 12° 32'39.5"E 98° 56' 59.5"


8 9:30

N 12° 32'43.8"E 98° 56' 58.8"


9 9:50

N 12° 32'47.3"E 98° 56' 57.4"


10 10:10

N 12° 32'50.9"E 98° 56' 55.6"


11 10:40

N 12° 32'48.4"E 98° 56' 52.5"


12 11:10

N 12° 32'43.8"E 98° 56' 51.4"



6 1 7:00

N 12° 32'25.8"E 98° 57' 23.3"


2 7:30

N 12° 31'21.0"E 98° 57' 17.0"

34 Bamboo forest II

3 8:00

N 12° 32'16.0"E 98° 57' 10.0"

32 Bushes II

4 8:45

N 12° 32'05.2"E 98° 57' 08.7"

62 Primary degaraded II

5 9:10

N 12° 31'57.6"E 98° 57' 07.5"


6 10:00

N 12° 32'01.1"E 98° 57' 02.5"


28.3.2012 I Kyauk Taung Camp

7 1 7:45 N 12° 32'52.3"E 98° 56'

42 Secondary/ Bamboo

I

52.0"

2 8:15

N 12° 32'55.3"E 98° 56' 49.1"


3 8:45

N 12° 32'57.6"E 98° 56' 46.3"


4 9:15

N 12° 32'58.0"E 98° 56' 42.5"


5 9:45

N 12° 33'01.4"E 98° 56' 40.7"


6 10:15

N 12° 33'03.9"E 98° 56' 36.7"

28 Secondary &Bamboo forest I

7 10:45

N 12° 33'03.5"E 98° 56' 32.1"


8 11:15

N 12° 33'00.2"E 98° 56' 28.7"


9 11:45

N 12° 32'56.0"E 98° 56' 28.0"


10 12:15

N 12° 32'52.5"E 98° 56' 24.6"


11 12:45

N 12° 32'49.3"E 98° 56' 23.2"

114 Primary

degaraded &Bamboo forest

I


8 1 8:15

N 12° 32'40.7"E 98° 57' 04.2"


2 8:45

N 12° 32'47.5"E 98° 56' 57.7"

32 Bushes II

3 9:15

N 12° 32'31.4"E 98° 57' 01.7"


4 9:45

N 12° 32'30.0"E 98° 56' 57.4"


5 10:20

N 12° 32'29.7"E 98° 56' 49.6"


29.3.2012 I Bawsanwe village 9 1 8:00

N 12° 32'45.3"E 98° 57' 40.4"


2 8:30

N 12° 32'43.6"E 98° 57' 45.2"


3 9:00

N 12° 32'40.7"E 98° 57' 49.8"


4 9:20

N 12° 32'36.8"E 98° 57' 52.7"


5 9:55

N 12° 32'35.2"E 98° 57' 56.6"


6 10:15

N 12° 32'33.0"E 98° 58' 00.8"


7 10:45

N 12° 32'30.5"E 98° 58' 06.9"


8 11:10

N 12° 32'26.3"E 98° 58' 07.9"


9 11:35

N 12° 32'20.4"E 98° 58' 05.8"


10 12:00

N 12° 32'14.3"E 98° 58' 05.2"


11 12:20

N 12° 32'09.0"E 98° 58' 06.5"


12 12:45

N 12° 32'05.0"E 98° 58'


07.9"


N 12° 30'37.4"E 98° 58' 14.6"


2 7:15

N 12° 30'36.3"E 98° 58' 10.6"

36 Secondary forest/ clear felling for

paddyI

3 7:35

N 12° 30'37.6"E 98° 58' 03.6"


4 7:55

N 12° 30'36.4"E 98° 57' 57.4"


5 8:15

N 12° 30'36.8"E 98° 57' 52.6"


6 8:35

N 12° 30'39.7"E 98° 57' 46.2"


paddyI

7 9:55

N 12° 30'44.2"E 98° 57' 43.3"


paddyI

8 10:15

N 12° 30'45.7"E 98° 57' 39.0"


9 10:35

N 12° 30'47.6"E 98° 58' 34.6"


old shifting cultivation

I

10 11:55

N 12° 30'50.2"E 98° 57' 31.9"



I

11 12:15

N 12° 30'54.0"E 98° 57' 28.9"


12 12:30

N 12° 30'55.4"E 98° 57' 25.3"



I

13 12:45

N 12° 30'59.8"E 98° 57' 23.1"



I

14 13:00

N 12° 31'04.4"E 98° 57' 21.8"


15 13:15

N 12° 31'05.5"E 98° 57' 16.5"

51 Primary degaraded forest I

16 13:30

N 12° 31'11.1"E 98° 57' 14.1"

60 Primary degaraded forest I


N 12° 30'50.6"E 98° 58' 43.9"


2 7:30

N 12° 30'53.1"E 98° 58' 55.6"

30 2 50

Secondary forest II

3 8:00

N 12° 30'50.6"E 98° 59' 03.3"


4 8:30

N 12° 30'43.0"E 98° 59' 07.2"


5 9:00

N 12° 30'34.1"E 98° 59' 11.1"


6 9:30

N 12° 30'34.7"E 98° 59' 23.5"

43 Bushes and Bamboos II

7 10:00

N 12° 30'36.8"E 98° 59' 36.1"

31 Bamboo forest II

2.4.2012 I Kawet village 12 1 7:00

N 12° 24'25.0"E 99° 00' 42.1"


2 7:25

N 12° 24'29.6"E 99° 00' 43.9"


3 7:45

N 12° 24'34.3"E 99° 00' 44.4"


4 8:05 N 12° 24'39.6"E 99° 00'


42.5"

5 8:25

N 12° 24'43.2"E 99° 00' 42.8"


6 8:45

N 12° 24'47.1"E 99° 00' 42.4"


7 9:05

N 12° 24'47.5"E 99° 00' 39.1"


8 9:25

N 12° 24'44.4"E 99° 00' 35.5"


9 9:45

N 12° 24'41.0"E 99° 00' 32.8"


10 10:05

N 12° 24'38.8"E 99° 00' 28.6"


11 10:25

N 12° 24'41.8"E 99° 00' 26.7"


12 10:45

N 12° 24'46.4"E 99° 00' 28.2"


2.4.2012 I Kawet village 13 1 7:30

N 12° 24'38.0"E 99° 00' 15.9"

20 Bamboo forest II

2 8:00

N 12° 24'49.0"E 99° 00' 16.5"

29 Bamboo forest II

3 8:25

N 12° 25'00.0"E 99° 00' 14.9"


4 8:55

N 12° 25'07.0"E 99° 00' 22.0"

52 Bamboo forest/

shifting cultivation

II

5 9:30

N 12° 25'15.3"E 99° 00' 31.1"


Appendix: 7 Site II

Date Site Camp Transect Point Time

Co-ordinat

e

Ele:(m) GP Dist:

(m)Forest Type Group

6.4.2012 II

Taung Yar

Camp1 1 8:00

N 12° 17'

32.9"E 99°

08' 53.2"

75 Second

ary forest

II

2 8:30

N 12° 17'

40.0"E 99°

09' 20.4"

69 Second

ary forest

II

3 9:00

N 12° 17'

52.2"E 99°

09' 47.8"

68 Bamboo forest II

4 9:30

N 12° 18'

04.4"E 99°

10' 14.0"

75 Bamboo forest II

5 10:00

N 12° 18'

20.3"E 99°

10' 28.3"

42 Second

ary forest

II

6 10:30

N 12° 18'

08.7"E 99°

10' 53.4"

37 Second

ary forest

II

7 11:00

N 12° 18'

13.2"E 99°

11' 10.3"

43 Bamboo forest II

8.4.20`12 II

Thae Nu

Chaung 2 1 7:00

N 12° 14'

39.8"E 99°

15' 08.0"

117

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

2 7:30

N 12° 14'

36.2"E 99°

15' 07.1"

148

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

3 8:00 N 12° 14'

133 Primary

I

31.3"E 99°

15' 05.4"

degaraded

4 9:30

N 12° 14'

27.9"E 99°

15' 06.5"

149

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

5 10:00

N 12° 14'

27.9"E 99°

15' 10.6"

91

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

6 10:30

N 12° 14'

27.1"E 99°

15' 14.3"

105

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

7 11:00

N 12° 14'

27.6"E 99°

15' 18.2"

134

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

8 11:30

N 12° 14'

25.8"E 99°

15' 22.4"

125

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

9 12:00

N 12° 14'

25.8"E 99°

15' 25.9"

158

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

10 12:30

N 12° 14'

24.3"E 99°

15' 30.8"

147

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

11 13:00

N 12° 14'

22.4"E 99°

15' 34.7"

160

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo

I

8.4.2012 II

Thae Nu

Chaung 3 1 7:00

N 12° 14'

52.8"E 99°

15' 03.2"

189

Primary

degaraded

II

2 7:30 N 12° 15'

01.8"E 99°

204 Primary

degaraded &

II

15' 01.5"

Bamboo forest

3 8:30

N 12° 14'

57.0"E 99°

14' 57.1"

189

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

II

4 9:30

N 12° 15'

11.2"E 99°

14' 53.7"

156

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

II

9.4.2012 II

Thae Nu

Chaung 4 1 7:30

N 12° 14'

00.0"E 99°

16' 34.0"

155

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

I

2 8:00

N 12° 14'

01.9"E 99°

16' 37.0"

154

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

I

3 8:30

N 12° 14'

03.4"E 99°

16' 40.3"

190

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

I

4 9:00

N 12° 14'

05.8"E 99°

16' 44.2"

182

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

I

5 9:30

N 12° 14'

06.4"E 99°

16' 46.9"

189

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

I

6 11:00

N 12° 14'

04.4"E 99°

16' 49.0"

223

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

I

7 11:30

N 12° 14'

00.2"E 99°

16' 48.3"

205

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

I

9.4.2012 II

Thae Nu

Chaung 5 1 7:30

N 12° 13'

55.9"E 99°

16'

150

Primary

degaraded

II

21.8"

2 8:00

N 12° 13'

59.8"E 99°

16' 21.5"

151

Primary

degaraded

II

3 8:30

N 12° 14'

03.5"E 99°

16' 20.6"

114

Primary

degaraded

II

4 9:00

N 12° 14'

07.8"E 99°

16' 18.2"

120

Primary

degaraded

II

5 9:30

N 12° 14'

08.7"E 99°

16' 15.0"

143

Primary

degaraded

II

6 10:00

N 12° 14'

10.9"E 99°

16' 11.4"

125

Primary

degaraded

II

7 10:30

N 12° 14'

15.1"E 99°

16' 10.0"

150

Primary

degaraded

II

8 11:00

N 12° 14'

19.1"E 99°

16' 08.6"

134

Primary

degaraded

II

9 11:30

N 12° 14'

21.0"E 99°

16' 05.5"

125

Primary

degaraded

II

10.4.2012 II

Thae Nu

Chaung 6 1 7:00

N 12° 14'

22.0"E 99°

15' 35.0"

247 Second

ary forest

I

2 7:40

N 12° 14'

20.0"E 99°

15'

151

Primary

degaraded &

Bambo

I

37.7" o forest

3 8:20

N 12° 14'

11.8"E 99°

15' 42.1"

124 Second

ary forest

I

4 9:00

N 12° 13'

59.9"E 99°

15' 44.5"

273 Second

ary forest

I

5 9:25

N 12° 13'

57.1"E 99°

15' 51.4"

252

Primary

degaraded &

Bamboo forest

I

6 10:00

N 12° 13'

56.7"E 99°

15' 57.9"

214 Second

ary forest

I

7 10:45

N 12° 13'

55.1"E 99°

16' 06.8"

242 Primary forest I

10.4.2012 II

Thae Nu

Chaung 7 1 7:00

N 12° 13'

54.4"E 99°

16' 17.2"

143

Primary

degaraded

II

2 7:30

N 12° 13'

54.8"E 99°

16' 22.8"

147

Primary

degaraded

II

3 8:00

N 12° 13'

50.3"E 99°

16' 28.9"

245 Primary forest II

4 8:30

N 12° 13'

51.0"E 99°

16' 33.5"

134

Primary

degaraded

II

5 9:00

N 12° 13'

57.6"E 99°

16'

136

Primary

degaraded

II

38.8"

6 9:30

N 12° 14'

00.1"E 99°

16' 34.3"

133

Primary

degaraded

II

12.4.2012 II Pone

Chaung 8 1

7:15

N 12° 15'

48.3"E 99°

14' 03.7"

197

Primary I

2

7:50

N 12° 15'

31.5"E 99°

14' 17.0"

432

Primary I

3

8:20

N 12° 15'

11.2"E 99°

14' 53.7"

197

Primary

degraded

I

4

9:00

N 12° 15'

01.8"E 99°

15' 01.5"

205

Primary

degraded

I

5

9:35

N 12° 14'

52.8"E 99°

15' 03.2"

189

Primary

degraded

I

6

10:05

N 12° 14'

42.8"E 99°

15' 09.1"

184

Primary & Bamboo

I

12.4.2012 II Pone

Chaung 9 1

7:15

N 12° 16'

06.4"E 99°

13' 57.4"

403

Primary

degraded

II

2

7:55

N 12° 16'

25.5"E 99°

13' 38.9"

374

Primary

degraded

II

3 8:25 N 12° 16'

59.7"E 99°

13'

345 Primary

degraded

II

29.6"

4

9:10

N 12° 17'

40.4"E 99°

13' 12.6"

314

Primary

degraded

II

5

9:45

N 12° 17'

51.9"E 99°

13' 04.3"

296

Primary

degraded

II

14.4.2012 II

Taung Yar

Camp10 1 7:15

N 12° 18'

13.2"E 99°

11' 10.3"

43

Old & Fresh

shifting cultivat

ion

I,II

2 7:55

N 12° 18'

12.0"E 99°

11' 37.9"

63

Old & Fresh

shifting cultivat

ion

I,II

3 8:40

N 12° 18'

05.8"E 99°

11' 49.5"

93

Secondary

forest/ logging

I,II

4 9:30

N 12° 18'

01.7"E 99°

12' 07.3"

184

Secondary

forest/ logging

I,II

5 10:15

N 12° 17'

57.2"E 99°

12' 21.6"

235

Secondary

forest/ logging

I,II

6 11:00

N 12° 17'

56.3"E 99°

12' 42.3"

271

Secondary

forest/ logging

I,II

Appendix: 8 Site III

Date Site Camp Transect Point Time

Co-ordinat

e

Ele:(m) GP Dist:

(m)Forest Type Group

17.4.2012 III

Mar Lar

Than1 1 7:00

N 12° 13'21.6"E 99° 09'42.7"

245 Primary I

2 7:30

N 12° 13'25.7"E 99° 09'44.4"

171 Primary I

3 8:00

N 12° 13'29.1"E 99° 09'45.7"

177 Primary I

4 8:30

N 12° 13'34.0"E 99° 09'47.7"

183 Primary I

5 9:00

N 12° 13'40.0"E 99° 09'50.5"

190 Primary I

6 9:30

N 12° 13'42.7"E 99° 09'54.4"

217 Primary I

7 10:00

N 12° 13'43.7"E 99° 09'57.1"

222 Primary I

8 10:30 N 12° 13'49.

239 Primary

I

5"E 99° 10'02.8"

17.4.2012 III

Mar Lar

Than2 1 7:00

N 12° 13'13.6"E 99° 09'40.1"

111

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

2 7:35

N 12° 13'07.1"E 99° 09'33.8"

74

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

3 8:10

N 12° 13'00.8"E 99° 09'29.2"

60

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

4 8:55

N 12° 12'54.2"E 99° 09'23.1"

44

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

5 9:40

N 12° 12'53.4"E 99° 09'16.5"

52

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

6 10:15

N 12° 12'53.7"E 99° 09'09.7"

50

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

7 10:50

N 12° 12'53.3"E 99° 09'04.5"

47

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

8 11:45

N 12° 12'55.8"E 99° 08'58.6"

40

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

9 12:00 N 12° 13'00.0"

45 Bamboo &

Shiftin

II

E 99° 08'56.5"

gcultiva

tion

18.4.2012 III

Mar Lar

Than3 1 7:00

N 12° 13'52.3"E 99° 10'06.4"

251 Primary I

2 7:30

N 12° 13'53.6"E 99° 10'11.5"

260 Primary I

3 8:15

N 12° 13'51.7"E 99° 10'15.7"

286 Primary I

4 8:50

N 12° 13'52.3"E 99° 10'17.2"

837 Primary I

5 9:30

N 12° 13'53.8"E 99° 10'21.4"

1042 Primary I

6 10:15

N 12° 13'56.0"E 99° 10'24.7"

1111 Primary I

7 11:00

N 12° 13'57.5"E 99° 10'28.2"

1089 Primary I

18.4.2012 III

Mar Lar

Than4 1 7:30

N 12° 13'06.7"E 99° 08'54.6"

43

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

2 8:15 N 12° 13'11.9"E 99°

42 Bamboo &

Shifting

II

08' 5.3"

cultivation

3 9:00

N 12° 13'17.6"E 99° 08'58.5"

40

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

4 9:50

N 12° 13'23.5"E 99° 08'58.1"

38

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

5 10:56

N 12° 13'30.9"E 99° 08'54.6"

34

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

6 11:50

N 12° 13'52.0"E 99° 08'53.8"

30

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

7 12:45

N 12° 14'02.0"E 99° 08'40.5"

28

Bamboo &

Shifting

cultivation

II

19.4.2012 III Bangy

ok 5 1 #

N 12° 12'43.7"E 99° 08'54.6"

52

Old & Fresh shitingcultiva

tion

I,II

2 #

N 12° 12'37.3"E 99° 08'31.8"

38


tion

I,II

3 #

N 12° 12'11.7"E 99° 07'44.9"

28


tion

I,II

4 # N 12° 11'53.8"E 99° 07'23.

17 Old & Fresh shitingcultiva

tion

I,II

3"

5 #

N 12° 12'32.7"E 99° 07'22.6"

32


tion

I,II

6 #

N 12° 13' 0.5"E 99° 07' 3.7"

47


tion

I,II

Appendix: 9 Site IV

Date Site Camp Transect Point Time Co-ordinate Ele:(m) GP Dist:

(m) Forest Type Group

23.4.2012 IV Kyain Chaung

village 1 1 14:20 N 11° 57' 12.1"E 99° 15' 28.2" 35

Secondary & Shiftingcultivation

I,II

2 14:40 N 11° 57' 14.6"E 99° 15' 33.2" 52


I,II

3 15:00 N 11° 57' 15.8"E 99° 15' 39.5" 48


I,II

4 15:20 N 11° 57' 12.3"E 99° 15' 42.4" 46


I,II

5 15:40 N 11° 57' 10.7"E 99° 15' 48.3" 42


I,II

6 16:00 N 11° 57' 15.5"E 99° 15' 54.1" 36


I,II

7 16:20 N 11° 57' 18.7"E 99° 16' 00.0" 31


I,II

8 16:40 N 11° 57' 25.0"E 99° 16' 05.8" 32


I,II

9 17:00 N 11° 57' 29.9"E 99° 16' 09.0" 35


I,II

10 17:20 N 11° 57' 37.4"E 99° 16' 13.6" 29


I,II

11 17:40 N 11° 57' 42.3"E 99° 16' 17.5" 36


I,II

12 18:00 N 11° 57' 43.4"E 99° 16' 23.6" 35


I,II


Camp 2 1 7:00 N 11° 57' 50.2"E 99° 17' 06.8" 42 Primary

degraded I

2 7:35 N 11° 57' 48.2"E 99° 17' 14.0" 43 Primary

degraded I

3 8:05 N 11° 57' 51.1"E 99° 17' 18.1" 35 Primary

degraded I

4 8:35 N 11° 57' 56.4"E 99° 17' 17.7" 35 Primary

degraded I

5 9:00 N 11° 57' 59.4"E 99° 17' 19.1" 35 Primary

degraded I

6 9:30 N 11° 58' 00.7"E 99° 17' 16.0" 42 Primary

degraded I

7 10:00 N 11° 58' 03.0"E 99° 17' 16.2" 41 Primary

degraded I

8 10:40 N 11° 58' 05.5"E 99° 17' 18.5" 55 Primary

degraded I


Camp 3 1 7:00 N 11° 57' 47.1"E 99° 17' 24.3" 46 Primary

degraded II

2 7:25 N 11° 57' 48.3"E 99° 17' 30.9" 52 Primary

degraded II

3 7:55 N 11° 57' 51.8"E 99° 17' 35.2" 56 Primary

degraded II

4 8:30 N 11° 57' 51.7"E 99° 17' 44.1" 50 Primary

degraded II

5 9:10 N 11° 57' 52.8"E 99° 17' 52.1" 60 Primary

degraded II

6 9:45 N 11° 57' 56.2"E 99° 17' 58.3" 63 Primary

degraded II

7 10:25 N 11° 57' 54.2"E 99° 18' 00.5" 51 Primary

degraded II


Camp 4 1 7:15 N 11° 58' 08.4"E 99° 17' 20.4" 62 Primary

degraded I

2 7:45 N 11° 58' 12.1"E 99° 17' 20.0" 69 Primary

degraded I

3 9:20 N 11° 58' 13.9"E 99° 17' 15.5" 60 Primary

degraded I

4 8:55 N 11° 58' 11.9"E 99° 17' 13.7" 51 Primary

degraded I

5 9:30 N 11° 58' 09.1"E 99° 17' 12.3" 45 Primary

degraded I

6 10:10 N 11° 58' 05.4"E 99° 17' 11.0" 48 Primary

degraded I


Camp 5 1 7:15 N 11° 57' 52.1"E 99° 18' 08.2" 43 Primary

degraded II

2 7:40 N 11° 57' 58.4"E 99° 18' 11.2" 50 Primary

degraded II

3 8:00 N 11° 58' 02.0"E 99° 18' 18.6" 48 Primary

degraded II

4 8:35 N 11° 58' 08.4"E 99° 18' 25.2" 65 Primary

degraded II

5 9:10 N 11° 58' 11.3"E 99° 18' 34.3" 62 Primary

degraded II

6 9:40 N 11° 58' 20.4"E 99° 18' 43.0" 49 Primary

degraded II

7 10:15 N 11° 58' 23.0"E 99° 18' 52.9" 59

Primary degraded &Lead mining

II

27.4.2012 IV Pone Gyi Camp 6 1 7:00 N 11° 57' 45.4"

E 99° 17' 19.9" 44 Primary degraded I

2 7:30 N 11° 57' 41.8"E 99° 17' 23.0" 32 Primary

degraded I

3 8:05 N 11° 57' 37.4"E 99° 17' 25.3" 29 Primary

degraded I

4 8:35 N 11° 57' 32.1"E 99° 17' 23.8" 43 Primary

degraded I

5 9:00 N 11° 57' 27.5"E 99° 17' 23.2" 34 Primary

degraded I

6 9:20 N 11° 57' 29.5"E 99° 17' 18.0" 47 Primary

degraded I

7 9:50 N 11° 57' 32.3"E 99° 17' 13.7" 54 Primary

degraded I

8 10:15 N 11° 57' 27.1"E 99° 17' 10.8" 52 Primary

degraded I

27.4.2012 IV Pone Gyi Camp 7 1 7:00 N 11° 56' 38.4"

E 99° 17' 19.6" 63 Primary degraded II

2 7:30 N 11° 56' 30.2"E 99° 17' 18.5" 72 Primary

degraded II

3 8:10 N 11° 56' 21.5"E 99° 17' 18.7" 72 Primary

degraded II

4 8:40 N 11° 56' 15.4"E 99° 17' 16.9" 72 Primary

degraded II

5 9:05 N 11° 56' 10.2"E 99° 17' 13.4" 77 Primary

degraded II

28.4.2012 IV Pone Gyi Camp 8 1 7:00 N 11° 57' 12.6"


2 7:25 N 11° 57' 07.8"E 99° 17' 04.3" 35 Primary

degraded I

3 7:45 N 11° 57' 04.3"E 99° 17' 07.4" 56 Primary

degraded I

4 8:10 N 11° 57' 00.9"E 99° 17' 12.0" 49 Primary

degraded I

5 8:35 N 11° 56' 55.3"E 99° 17' 14.3" 53 Primary

degraded I

6 9:00 N 11° 56' 50.7"E 99° 17' 15.4" 56 Primary

degraded I

7 9:25 N 11° 56' 45.4"E 99° 17' 16.1" 62 Primary

degraded I

8 9:45 N 11° 56' 40.2"E 99° 17' 18.9" 59 Primary

degraded I

9 10:10 N 11° 56' 35.9"E 99° 17' 21.1" 62 Primary

degraded I

10 10:40 N 11° 56' 32.3"E 99° 17' 19.6" 53 Primary

degraded I

28.4.2012 IV Pone Gyi Camp 9 1 7:00 N 11° 57' 10.6"


2 7:20 N 11° 57' 12.5"E 99° 17' 23.3" 65 Primary

degraded II

3 7:40 N 11° 57' 16.6"E 99° 17' 25.7" 42 Primary

degraded II

4 8:00 N 11° 57' 20.7"E 99° 17' 28.8" 51 Primary

degraded II

5 8:20 N 11° 57' 19.5"E 99° 17' 33.5" 69 Primary

degraded II

6 8:40 N 11° 57' 25.6"E 99° 17' 36.2" 70 Primary

degraded II

7 9:00 N 11° 57' 28.1"E 99° 17' 40.1" 80 Primary

degraded II

8 9:20 N 11° 57' 29.8"E 99° 17' 44.4" 79 Primary

degraded II

9 9:40 N 11° 57' 28.1"E 99° 17' 40.1" 80 Primary

degraded II

10 10:00 N 11° 57' 25.6"E 99° 17' 36.2" 70 Primary

degraded II

11 10:20 N 11° 57' 19.5"E 99° 17' 33.5" 69 Primary

degraded II

12 10:40 N 11° 57' 20.7"E 99° 17' 28.8" 51 Primary

degraded II

13 11:00 N 11° 57' 16.6"E 99° 17' 26.7" 42 Primary

degraded II

29.4.2012 IV Pone Gyi Camp 10 1 7:15 N 11° 57' 28.5"


2 7:45 N 11° 57' 33.3"E 99° 17' 31.4" 69 Primary

degraded I

3 8:15 N 11° 57' 38.5"E 99° 17' 31.6" 40 Primary

degraded I

4 8:45 N 11° 57' 40.4"E 99° 17' 37.7" 46 Primary

degraded I

5 9:10 N 11° 57' 43.0"E 99° 17' 43.8" 48 Primary

degraded I

6 9:40 N 11° 57' 42.6"E 99° 17' 49.9" 48 Primary

degraded I

7 10:10 N 11° 57' 37.0"E 99° 17' 55.5" 47 Primary

degraded I

8 10:35 N 11° 57' 32.6"E 99° 18' 00.5" 45 Primary

degraded I

9 11:00 N 11° 57' 33.5"E 99° 18' 05.4" 43 Primary

degraded I

29.4.2012 IV Pone Gyi Camp 11 1 7:15 N 11° 57' 39.4"


2 7:40 N 11° 57' 40.1"E 99° 17' 37.0" 44 Primary

degraded II

3 8:00 N 11° 57' 42.9"E 99° 17' 43.6" 48 Primary

degraded II

4 8:25 N 11° 57' 39.7"E 99° 17' 52.6" 73 Primary

degraded II

5 8:50 N 11° 57' 33.9"E 99° 17' 57.3" 44 Primary

degraded II

6 9:15 N 11° 57' 26.2"E 99° 17' 52.4" 45 Primary

degraded II

7 9:45 N 11° 57' 21.2"E 99° 17' 46.1" 56 Primary

degraded II

8 10:10 N 11° 57' 16.9"E 99° 17' 41.6" 60 Primary

degraded II

9 10:40 N 11° 57' 15.9"E 99° 17' 37.0" 69 Primary

degraded II

10 11:00 N 11° 57' 12.0"E 99° 17' 35.7" 64 Primary

degraded II

11 11:20 N 11° 57' 06.3"E 99° 17' 39.4" 65 Primary

degraded II

12 11:40 N 11° 57' 02.1"E 99° 17' 33.5" 49 Primary

degraded II

13 12:05 N 11° 57' 01.5"E 99° 17' 20.8" 90 Primary

degraded II

29.4.2012 IV Pone Gyi Camp 12 1 17:15 N 11° 57' 04.8"

E 99° 17' 23.7" 25 1 25 Primary degraded I,II

30.4.2012 IV Pone Gyi Camp 13 1 7:15 N 11° 57' 38.2"


2 7:40 N 11° 57' 40.9"E 99° 18' 08.7" 41 Primary

degraded I

3 8:05 N 11° 57' 45.5"E 99° 18' 09.7" 48 Primary

degraded I

4 8:30 N 11° 57' 50.3"E 99° 18' 09.4" 69 Primary

degraded I

5 8:55 N 11° 57' 53.0"E 99° 18' 19.3" 62 Primary

degraded I

6 9:15 N 11° 57' 54.2"E 99° 18' 26.4" 66 Primary

degraded I

7 9:45 N 11° 57' 57.4"E 99° 18' 29.9" 65 Primary

degraded I

8 10:10 N 11° 58' 01.4"E 99° 18' 33.7" 45 Primary

degraded I

9 10:35 N 11° 58' 03.2"E 99° 18' 37.0" 49 Primary

degraded I

10 11:10 N 11° 58' 08.9"E 99° 18' 34.9" 63 Primary

degraded I

30.4.2012 IV Pone Gyi Camp 14 1 7:30 N 11° 58' 8.8"


2 8:15 N 11° 57' 0.6"E 99° 17' 9.1" 59 Primary

degraded II

3 8:40 N 11° 57' 2.5"E 99° 17' 3.3" 65 Primary

degraded II

4 9:10 N 11° 57' 16.6"E 99° 17' 25.7" 42 Primary

degraded II

5 9:35 N 11° 57' 20.7"E 99° 17' 28.8" 51 Primary

degraded II

Appendix: 10 Site V

Date Site Camp Transect Point Time Co-ordinate Ele:

(m) GP Dist:(m) Forest Type Group

5.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 1 1 7:00 N 11° 36' 27.9"

E 99° 12' 56.7" 29 2 20/10 Primary degraded I

2 7:20 N 11° 36' 32.2"E 99° 12' 56.3" 40 Primary

degraded I

3 7:40 N 11° 36' 35.6"E 99° 12' 58.4" 30 Primary

degraded I

4 8:00 N 11° 36' 35.9"E 99° 13' 02.3" 23 2 50/20 Primary

degraded I

5 8:20 N 11° 36' 39.8"E 99° 13' 06.6" 40


I

6 8:40 N 11° 36' 42.2"E 99° 13' 10.7" 41


I

7 9:00 N 11° 36' 45.2"E 99° 13' 14.7" 31 Primary

degraded I

8 9:20 N 11° 36' 44.8"E 99° 13' 19.5" 28 Primary

degraded I

9 9:40 N 11° 36' 41.6"E 99° 13' 22.3" 31 Primary

degraded I

10 10:00 N 11° 36' 37.6"E 99° 13' 24.7" 36 Primary

degraded I

11 10:20 N 11° 36' 35.1"E 99° 13' 28.1" 24 Primary

degraded I

5.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 2 1 7:00 N 11° 36' 30.5"


2 7:25 N 11° 36' 28.9"E 99° 12' 48.8" 66 Primary

degraded II

3 7:45 N 11° 36' 25.3"E 99° 12' 51.0" 48 Primary

degraded II

4 8:10 N 11° 36' 21.6"E 99° 12' 53.4" 106 Primary

degraded II

5 8:30 N 11° 36' 18.7"E 99° 12' 56.3" 34 2 25/4 Primary

degraded II

6 9:55 N 11° 36' 15.7"E 99° 12' 56.4" 20 Primary

degraded II

7 10:20 N 11° 36' 11.3"E 99° 12' 56.4" 30 Primary

degraded II

8 10:40 N 11° 36' 15.6"E 99° 13' 00.8" 15 Primary

degraded II

9 11:05 N 11° 36' 21.2"E 99° 13' 05.2" 32 1 20/17 Primary

degraded II

6.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 3 1 7:00 N 11° 36' 47.1"


2 7:25 N 11° 36' 51.7"E 99° 13' 25.1" 29 Primary

degraded I

3 7:45 N 11° 36' 56.7"E 99° 13' 25.6" 54 Primary

degraded I

4 8:05 N 11° 37' 01.3"E 99° 13' 27.3" 41 Primary

degraded I

5 8:30 N 11° 37' 06.5"E 99° 13' 29.3" 30 Primary

degraded I

6 8:55 N 11° 37' 10.9"E 99° 13' 27.2" 43 2 15


I

7 9:20 N 11° 37' 14.5"E 99° 13' 23.3" 21 Primary

degraded I

8 9:45 N 11° 37' 17.7"E 99° 13' 17.9" 19


I

9 10:05 N 11° 37' 22.8"E 99° 13' 16.9" 34


I

10 10:30 N 11° 37' 28.3"E 99° 13' 18.6" 27 Primary

degraded I

6.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 4 1 7:00 N 11° 36' 29.6"


2 7:20 N 11° 36' 24.3"E 99° 12' 31.3" 45 Primary

degraded II

3 7:40 N 11° 36' 19.1"E 99° 12' 33.5" 41 Primary

degraded II

4 8:00 N 11° 36' 14.4"E 99° 12' 33.9" 35 Primary

degraded II

5 8:25 N 11° 36' 10.2"E 99° 12' 33.5" 45 Primary

degraded II

6 8:45 N 11° 36' 06.0"E 99° 12' 30.7" 45 Primary

degraded II

7 9:20 N 11° 36' 02.6"E 99° 12' 31.5" 34 Primary

degraded II

8 9:50 N 11° 35' 58.4"E 99° 12' 32.9" 43 Primary

degraded II

9 10:15 N 11° 35' 53.7"E 99° 12' 34.3" 37 Primary

degraded II

10 10:40 N 11° 35' 49.0"E 99° 12' 34.6" 44 Primary

degraded II

11 11:10 N 11° 35' 45.6"E 99° 12' 32.3" 51 Primary

degraded II

12 11:30 N 11° 35' 43.8"E 99° 12' 37.6" 37 Primary

degraded II

13 12:10 N 11° 35' 40.2"E 99° 12' 39.2" 43 Primary

degraded II

7.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 5 1 7:15 N 11° 37' 32.7"


2 7:40 N 11° 37' 35.1"E 99° 13' 28.3" 19 Primary

degraded I

3 8:00 N 11° 37' 36.8"E 99° 13' 30.8" 34 Primary

degraded I

4 8:20 N 11° 37' 41.4"E 99° 13' 35.5" 23 Primary

degraded I

5 8:40 N 11° 37' 45.6"E 99° 13' 31.3" 31 Primary

degraded I

6 9:20 N 11° 37' 48.4"E 99° 13' 27.2" 13 Primary

degraded I

7 9:40 N 11° 37' 54.3"E 99° 13' 24.1" 25 Primary

degraded I

8 10:20 N 11° 37' 57.5"E 99° 13' 21.8" 42 Primary

degraded I

9 10:40 N 11° 38' 00.3"E 99° 13' 31.8" 9 Primary

degraded I

10 11:10 N 11° 38' 04.2"E 99° 13' 32.3" 35 Primary

degraded I

7.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 6 1 7:15 N 11° 36' 07.9"


2 7:45 N 11° 36' 04.1"E 99° 12' 55.7" 50 Primary

degraded II

3 8:15 N 11° 36' 01.9"E 99° 12' 56.5" 31 Primary

degraded II

4 8:45 N 11° 35' 58.3"E 99° 12' 56.2" 47 Primary

degraded II

5 9:15 N 11° 35' 57.6"E 99° 12' 50.9" 46 Primary

degraded II

6 9:45 N 11° 35' 59.3"E 99° 12' 46.5" 36 Primary

degraded II

7 10:10 N 11° 35' 59.9"E 99° 12' 41.7" 38 Primary

degraded II

8 10:40 N 11° 35' 59.2"E 99° 12' 36.8" 41 Primary

degraded II

8.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 7 1 7:15 N 11° 38' 30.6"


2 7:40 N 11° 38' 26.6"E 99° 13' 22.7" 36 Primary

degraded I

3 8:05 N 11° 38' 22.0"E 99° 13' 20.7" 26 Primary

degraded I

4 8:30 N 11° 38' 21.5"E 99° 13' 16.5" 34 Primary

degraded I

5 9:10 N 11° 38' 23.3"E 99° 13' 12.5" 29 2 30/15 Primary

degraded I

6 9:35 N 11° 38' 25.6"E 99° 13' 09.0" 54 Primary

degraded I

7 9:55 N 11° 38' 23.6"E 99° 13' 02.2" 40 Primary

degraded I

8 10:20 N 11° 38' 23.0"E 99° 12' 58.0" 4 Primary

degraded I

9 10:45 N 11° 38' 23.0"E 99° 12' 58.0" 4 2 25


I

10 11:10 N 11° 38' 23.9"E 99° 12' 53.2" 42 Primary

degraded I

11 11:45 N 11° 38' 24.5"E 99° 12' 48.2" 32 Primary

degraded I

12 12:05 N 11° 38' 25.8"E 99° 12' 43.7" 13 Primary

degraded I

8.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 8 1 7:15 N 11° 36' 26.4"


2 7:40 N 11° 36' 27.1"E 99° 13' 12.7" 15 Primary

degraded II

3 8:00 N 11° 36' 27.6"E 99° 13' 17.7" 35 Primary

degraded II

4 8:20 N 11° 36' 28.5"E 99° 13' 22.8" 25 Primary

degraded II

5 8:40 N 11° 36' 29.9"E 99° 13' 29.3" 32 Primary

degraded II

6 9:10 N 11° 36' 32.8"E 99° 13' 35.5" 33 Primary

degraded II

7 9:30 N 11° 36' 31.2"E 99° 13' 42.9" 40 Primary

degraded II

8 10:10 N 11° 36' 34.9"E 99° 13' 50.0" 35 Primary

degraded II

9 10:40 N 11° 36' 40.9"E 99° 13' 50.9" 41 Primary

degraded II

10 11:00 N 11° 36' 46.1"E 99° 13' 50.9" 44 Primary

degraded II

9.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 9 1 7:30 N 11° 38' 36.0"


2 7:55 N 11° 38' 39.4"E 99° 13' 23.8" 22 Primary

degraded I

3 8:20 N 11° 38' 42.1"E 99° 13' 19.8" 5 Primary

degraded I

4 8:45 N 11° 38' 42.9"E 99° 13' 13.8" 35 Primary

degraded I

5 9:15 N 11° 38' 44.5"E 99° 13' 07.8" 29 Primary

degraded I

6 9:40 N 11° 38' 42.1"E 99° 13' 03.6" 27 Primary

degraded I

7 10:00 N 11° 38' 40.7"E 99° 12' 57.7" 25 Primary

degraded I

8 10:25 N 11° 38' 39.7"E 99° 12' 52.6" 38 Primary

degraded I

9 10:50 N 11° 38' 37.4"E 99° 12' 47.9" 38 2 30/15 Primary

degraded I

10 11:15 N 11° 38' 33.3"E 99° 12' 44.6" 40 Primary

degraded I

11 11:40 N 11° 38' 30.1"E 99° 12' 42.1" 51 Primary

degraded I

9.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 10 1 7:20 N 11° 36' 50.8"


2 7:40 N 11° 36' 55.4"E 99° 14' 00.4" 45 Primary

degraded II

3 8:00 N 11° 36' 58.8"E 99° 14' 05.1" 40 Primary

degraded II

4 8:25 N 11° 36' 56.9"E 99° 14' 10.3" 36 Primary

degraded II

5 8:50 N 11° 36' 56.2"E 99° 14' 15.8" 35 Primary

degraded II

6 9:15 N 11° 36' 00.1"E 99° 14' 22.0" 30 Primary

degraded II

7 9:40 N 11° 36' 55.0"E 99° 14' 23.0" 32 Primary

degraded II

8 10:10 N 11° 36' 51.4"E 99° 14' 24.3" 47 Primary

degraded II

9 10:35 N 11° 36' 47.8"E 99° 14' 24.3" 38 Primary

degraded II

10 11:00 N 11° 36' 42.5"E 99° 14' 26.7" 26 Primary

degraded II

10.5.2012 V Ngawun Chaung 11 1 7:05 N 11° 38' 27.6"

E 99° 13' 30.5" 33 Primary degraded I,II

2 7:20 N 11° 38' 29.1"E 99° 13' 39.8" 30 2 25 Primary

degraded I,II

3 7:40 N 11° 38' 27.9"E 99° 13' 46.0" 24 Primary

degraded I,II

4 8:00 N 11° 38' 21.9"E 99° 13' 43.7" 25 Primary

degraded I,II

5 8:20 N 11° 38' 21.9"E 99° 13' 43.7" 25 Primary

degraded I,II

6 8:40 N 11° 38' 16.7"E 99° 13' 42.1" 28 Primary

degraded I,II

7 9:00 N 11° 38' 11.4"E 99° 13' 42.7" 33 Primary

degraded I,II

8 9:25 N 11° 38' 08.8"E 99° 13' 47.8" 34 Primary

degraded I,II

9 9:40 N 11° 38' 07.2"E 99° 13' 57.2" 15 Primary

degraded I,II

10 10:10 N 11° 38' 13.1"E 99° 13' 59.8" 15 Primary

degraded I,II

11 10:35 N 11° 38' 17.0"E 99° 14' 04.4" 24 Primary

degraded I,II

12 10:55 N 11° 38' 20.4"E 99° 14' 08.7" 32 Primary

degraded I,II

13 11:20 N 11° 38' 18.7"E 99° 14' 15.1" 30 Primary

degraded I,II

14 11:45 N 11° 38' 17.7"E 99° 14' 20.1" 12 Primary

degraded I,II

15 12:00 N 11° 38' 22.8"E 99° 14' 24.6" 15 Primary

degraded I,II

16 12:20 N 11° 38' 24.3"E 99° 14' 30.6" 26 Primary

degraded I,II

Appendix: 11 Site VI

Date Site Camp Transect Point Time Co-ordinateEle

:(m)

GP Dist:(m) Forest Type Group

14.5.2012 VI On the way 1 1 9:40 N 11° 36' 09.6"

E 99° 14' 25.6" 22 2 20/5Primary

degraded/Bamboo

I

14.5.2012 VI On the way 2 1 15:13 N 11° 35' 42.4"

E 99° 15' 21.3" 57 2 30/5Primary

degraded/Bamboo

I

15.5.2012 VI Ponekani 3 1 7:30 N 11° 37' 39.7"


2 7:50 N 11° 37' 39.7"E 99° 15' 46.7" 57


I

3 8:15 N 11° 37' 39.5"E 99° 15' 51.1" 54


I

4 8:35 N 11° 37' 40.8"E 99° 15' 53.9" 115


I

5 8:55 N 11° 37' 40.9"E 99° 16' 00.4" 101


I

6 9:20 N 11° 37' 41.8"E 99° 16' 04.1" 52


I

7 9:50 N 11° 37' 40.9"E 99° 16' 08.1" 135


I

8 10:25 N 11° 37' 42.2"E 99° 16' 12.8" 116


I

16.5.2012 VI Ponekani 4 1 7:00 N 11° 37' 43.9"

E 99° 16' 16.6" 103 Primary

degraded/Bamboo

I

2 7:30 N 11° 37' 44.7"E 99° 16' 22.3" 60


I

3 8:00 N 11° 37' 43.1"E 99° 16' 28.5" 57


I

4 8:30 N 11° 37' 44.9"E 99° 16' 34.1" 35


I

5 9:00 N 11° 37' 47.1"E 99° 16' 41.6" 51


I

6 9:30 N 11° 37' 49.0"E 99° 16' 46.9" 38


I

7 10:00 N 11° 37' 46.4"E 99° 16' 49.8" 45


I

8 10:30 N 11° 37' 45.6"E 99° 16' 54.4" 40


I

9 11:00 N 11° 37' 43.3"E 99° 16' 55.2"

36 Primary degraded/

I

Bamboo

17.5.2012 VI Ponekani 5 1 7:45 N 11° 37' 43.2"

E 99° 16' 58.2" 79 Primary

degraded/Bamboo

I

2 8:15 N 11° 37' 43.5"E 99° 17' 01.2" 98


I

3 8:43 N 11° 37' 45.5"E 99° 17' 04.3" 133


I

4 9:18 N 11° 37' 49.0"E 99° 17' 02.3" 125


I

5 9:55 N 11° 37' 50.5"E 99° 16' 58.9" 83


I

6 10:25 N 11° 37' 50.4"E 99° 16' 54.3" 55


I

7 11:00 N 11° 37' 50.3"E 99° 16' 51.1" 41


I

18.5.2012 VI Ponekani 6 1 7:30 N 11° 37' 47.3"


2 7:55 N 11° 37' 52.5"E 99° 15' 36.5" 18 Primary degraded I








19.5.2012 VI Ponekani 7 1 7:30 N 11° 38' 28.9"











20.5.2012 VI Ponekani 8 1 7:00 N 11° 37' 44.1"

E 99° 15' 26.1" 29 Primary

degraded/Bamboo

I

2 7:20 N 11° 37' 49.8"E 99° 15' 28.3" 39


I

3 7:40 N 11° 37' 51.4"E 99° 15' 21.9" 31


I

4 8:00 N 11° 37' 56.1"E 99° 15' 17.9" 40


I

5 8:20 N 11° 38' 01.8"E 99° 15' 15.8" 24


I

6 8:45 N 11° 38' 09.4"E 99° 15' 11.7" 28


I

7 9:15 N 11° 38' 16.5"E 99° 15' 08.3" 39


I

8 9:40 N 11° 38' 23.5"E 99° 15' 04.7" 40


I

9 10:00 N 11° 38' 29.6"E 99° 15' 01.1" 28


I

10 10:15 N 11° 38' 33.3"E 99° 14' 56.3" 24 2 25/20


I

11 10:50 N 11° 38' 37.2"E 99° 14' 51.3" 51


I

Appendix: 12 Site VII



25.5.2012 VII Kyway

Chaung 1 1 7:00 N 11° 46' 00.1"E 98° 55' 15.0" 53 Primary degraded/

Bamboo I

2 7:20 N 11° 46' 03.6"E 98° 55' 13.8" 25 Primary degraded/

Bamboo I


Shifting cultivation I


Bamboo I


Bamboo I


Bamboo I

7 9:25 N 11° 46' 23.1"E 98° 55' 21.0" 43 Secondary/ Bamboo I






26.5.2012 VII Kyway

Chaung 2 1 7:30 N 11° 46' 39.8"E 98° 55' 37.9" 22 Secondary/ Bamboo I







27.5.2012 VII Kyway















28.5.2012 VII Kyway


2 7:40 N 11° 45' 51.7"E 98° 55' 13.9" 25 Secondary/ Shifting

cultivation I








29.5.2012 VII Kyway









30.5.2012 VII Kyway















31.5.2012 VII Kyway

















Appendix: 13 Site VIII



16.5.2012 VIII 26-Mile 1 1 7:15 N 11° 13' 57.6"E 99° 10' 42.9" 41 Secondary/ Bamboo II

2 7:45 N 11° 14' 02.3"E 99° 10' 43.2" 47 Secondary/ Bamboo II










18.5.2012 VIII Phayardan 2 1 7:00 N 11° 16' 23.7"E 99° 11' 24.8" 105 Secondary/ Bamboo II












19.5.2012 VIII Phayardan 3 1 7:15 N 11° 13' 47.3"E 99° 10' 37.5" 90 Secondary II

2 7:40 N 11° 13' 44.6"E 99° 10' 42.4" 92 Secondary II

3 8:00 N 11° 13' 42.9"E 99° 10' 50.9" 105 Secondary II

4 8:20 N 11° 13' 38.6"E 99° 10' 48.9" 83 Secondary II

5 8:45 N 11° 13' 31.4"E 99° 10' 47.6" 52 Secondary II

6 9:10 N 11° 13' 27.7"E 99° 10' 48.3" 50 Secondary II

7 9:30 N 11° 13' 22.6"E 99° 10' 50.2" 43 1 50/50 Secondary II

8 9:50 N 11° 13' 17.6"E 99° 10' 50.6" 40 Secondary II

9 10:15 N 11° 13' 12.4"E 99° 10' 49.6" 39 Secondary II

10 10:40 N 11° 13' 06.2"E 99° 10' 49.5" 43 2 70 Secondary II

11 11:05 N 11° 12' 57.9"E 99° 10' 49.0" 65 Secondary II

12 11:25 N 11° 12' 51.0"E 99° 10' 46.8" 78 Secondary II

13 11:50 N 11° 12' 41.3"E 99° 10' 44.2" 92 Secondary II

14 12:15 N 11° 12' 34.7"E 99° 10' 34.4" 89 1 70 Secondary II

15 12:40 N 11° 12' 32.2"E 99° 10' 28.7" 88 Secondary II

16 13:00 N 11° 12' 26.4"E 99° 10' 27.4" 89 Secondary II

20.5.2012 VIII Phayardan 4 1 7:35 N 11° 12' 21.4"E 99° 10' 26.5" 50 Secondary II

2 8:00 N 11° 12' 15.2"E 99° 10' 26.1" 52 Secondary II

3 8:20 N 11° 12' 08.4"E 99° 10' 23.5" 68 Secondary II

4 8:45 N 11° 12' 05.4"E 99° 10' 14.9" 77 Secondary II

5 9:10 N 11° 11' 59.4"E 99° 10' 09.4" 80 Secondary II

6 9:40 N 11° 11' 54.6"E 99° 10' 01.5" 80 Secondary II

7 10:00 N 11° 11' 46.5"E 99° 09' 56.6" 74 Secondary II

8 10:25 N 11° 11' 43.2"E 99° 09' 52.1" 70 Secondary II

9 10:55 N 11° 11' 39.1"E 99° 09' 47.2" 59 Secondary II

10 11:20 N 11° 11' 35.9"E 99° 09' 40.9" 42 Secondary II

11 11:45 N 11° 11' 30.7"E 99° 09' 35.1" 53 Secondary II

12 12:15 N 11° 11' 21.7"E 99° 09' 32.1" 68 Secondary II

13 12:40 N 11° 11' 16.3"E 99° 09' 31.8" 72 Secondary II

Appendix: 14 Site IX



23.5.2012 IX 14-Mile 1 1 7:00 N 11° 20' 58.1"


2 7:20 N 11° 20' 53.6"E 99° 06' 40.6" 25 Primary degraded II












26.5.2012 IX 12-Mile 2 1 7:00 N 11° 22' 56.1"

E 99° 06' 38.7" 25 Secondary/ Bamboo II







8 9:55 N 11° 23' 25.1"E 99° 07' 17.6" 23 2 25/5 Secondary/ Bamboo II





29.5.2012 IX Yae Naut

Chaung 3 1 9:30 N 12° 23' 28.5"E 99° 00' 02.4" 10 Secondary/ Shifting

cultivation II

Appendix: 15 Site X


(m) Forest Type

5.6.2012 X Namka

Hparo 1 1 7:30 N 11° 13' 48.8"E 98° 58' 06.1" 22 Secondary/

Betel nut plantation

2 8:00 N 11° 13' 46.7"E 98° 58' 07.2" 18 Secondary/


3 8:30 N 11° 13' 44.6"E 98° 58' 09.0" 22 Secondary/


4 8:55 N 11° 13' 44.2"E 98° 58' 11.0" 22 Secondary/


5 9:20 N 11° 13' 46.7"E 98° 58' 16.1" 3 Secondary/


6 9:45 N 11° 13' 45.2"E 98° 58' 16.2" 25 1 20 Secondary/


7 10:15 N 11° 13' 42.0"E 98° 58' 17.7" 25 Secondary/


8 10:40 N 11° 13' 37.7"E 98° 58' 15.5" 31 Secondary/

Betel nut plantation6.6.201

2 X Namka Hparo 2 1 7:10 N 11° 11' 27.1"

E 98° 57' 30.0" 17 Bushes/ Betel nut plantation

2 7:35 N 11° 11' 25.5"E 98° 57' 33.3" 58 Bushes/


3 8:00 N 11° 11' 18.8"E 98° 57' 35.7" 19 Bushes/


4 8:25 N 11° 11' 15.0"E 98° 57' 39.4" 19 1 20 Bushes/


5 8:50 N 11° 11' 12.7"E 98° 57' 42.4" 30 Bushes/


6 9:15 N 11° 11' 10.3"E 98° 57' 44.2" 30 Bushes/


7 9:45 N 11° 11' 06.6"E 98° 57' 54.5" 65 Secondary/


8 10:10 N 11° 11' 07.8"E 98° 57' 59.1" 63 Secondary

9 10:35 N 11° 11' 08.3"E 98° 58' 03.4" 42 Primary degraded

10 11:00 N 11° 11' 12.1"E 98° 58' 01.9" 23 Primary degraded

Appendix: 16 Birds recorded during the survey

Family name No. Common New Name Remark

3 4 5 6 9 10

PHASIANIDAE: PERDICINAE Partridges, francolins, quails

1 Long-billed Partridge I. Kyauk Taung Camp

2 Ferruginous Partridge 8 II. Pone Chaung Camp

3 Crested Partridge 8 4 III. Bangyok Camp

PHASIANINAE: Pheasants & junglefowl

4 Red Junglefowl 8 10 23 2 5 21

IV. Kyin Chaunh Camp

5 Great Argus 1 1 1

V. Ngawun Chaung Camp

ANTIDAE: DENDROCYGNINAE: Whistling-ducks 6 Lesser Whistling-Duck 6 6 15 VI. Ponekani Camp

ANATINAE: Typical ducks and pygmy-geese 7 Cotton Pygmy-Goose

VII. Kyway Chaung Camp

CICONIIDAE: Storks 8 Lesser Adjutant 1 VIII. Payardan Camp

ARDEIDAE: BOTAURINAE: Bitterns

9 Yellow Bittern IX. 12/14-Mile Camp

10 Cinnamon Bittern X. Namka Hparo Camp

ARIDEINAE: Herons & egrets

11 Black-crowned Night-Heron

12 Little Heron 2 13 Chinese Pond-Heron 20 25 8 6 3 2

14 Eastern Cattle Egret 18 31 60

15 Great Egret 16 Intermediate Egret 17 Little Egret 3

PHALACROCORACIDAE: Cormorants 18 Little Cormorant 3 6 2

ANHINGIDAE: Darters 19 Oriental Dater FALCONIDAE: FALCONINAE: Falcons 20 Black-thighed Falconet 2

21 Common Kestrel 2 22 Peregrine Falcon

PANDIONINAE: Osprey 23 Osprey

ACCIPITRINAE: Hawks, eagles & allies

24 Oriental Honey-Buzzard 25 Black -shouldered Kite 26 Brahminy Kite 15 27 Crested Serpent-Eagle 2 6 3 6 1 3 28 Marsh-Harrier 29 Crested Goshawk 4 3 3 1 30 Shikra 3 31 Chinese Sparrowhawk 32 Grey-faced Buzzard 33 Himalayan Buzzard 34 Wallace's Hawk-Eagle 2 5

RALLIDAE: Rails, crakes, gallinules & coots

35 Slaty- legged Crake

36 White-breasted Waterhen 10 4

37 Watercock

TURNICIDAE: Buttonquails38 Yellow-legged

Buttonquail

39 Barred Buttonquail 2 PLUVIALIDAE: Pluvialis plovers 40 Pacific Golden Plover 21

VANELLIDAE: Lapwings & allies41 River Lapwing 42 Red-wattled Lapwing 6 9

CHARADRIIDAE: Charadrius plovers & allies43 Common Ringed Plover 44 Little Ringed Plover 45 Kentish Plover

SCOLOPACIDAE: GALLINAGININAE: Snipes 46 Snipe

TRINGINAE: Godwits, dowitchers, curlews, sandpipers

47 Whimbrel 48 Terek Sandpiper 49 Common Sandpiper 50 Green Sandpiper 51 Common Greenshank

COLUMBIDAE: COLUMBINAE: Typical pigeons & doves

51 Rock Pigeon 52 Oriental Turtle-Dove

53 Spotted Dove 18 19 19 4 21 7

54 Emerald Dove 11 6 4 5 7 4 TRERONINAE: Green-pigeons, fruit-doves, imperial-pigeons & allies

55 Pink-necked Green-Pigeon

56 Ashy-headed Green -Pigeon

57 Thick-billed Green-Pigeon 6 6

58 Large Green-Pigeon 4 32 24

59 Green Imperil-Pigeon

PSITTACIDAE: LORICULINAE: Hanging-parrots 60 Vernal Hanging-Parrot 6 45 20 10 6

PSITTACINAE: Parrots & parakeets61 Blue-rumped Parrot 6 36 4 8 5

62 Red-breasted Parakeet 30 130

CUCULIDAE: CUCULINAE: Old World cucukoos

63 Moustached Hawk-Cuckoo 4

64 Indian Cuckoo 2 6 4 5 2 65 Banded Bay Cuckoo 2 2 1 66 Plaintive Cuckoo 4 2 4 2 67 Asian Emerald Cuckoo 68 Violet Cuckoo 1 2 6 69 Drongo Cuckoo 2 4 2 5 6 70 Asian Koel 5 4

PHAENICOPHAEINAE: Malkohas & allies

71 Black-bellied Malkoha 4 72 Green-billed Malkoha 5 8 7 4 2 73 Raffles's Malkoha 2 6 2 6 12 74 Red-billed Malkoha 2

75 Chestnut-breasted Malkoha 4 2 4

CUCULIDAE: CENTROPODINAE: Coucals76 Greater Coucal 11 26 4 11 5 8 77 Lesser Coucal 4 2 2

TYTONIDAE: TYTONINAE: Barn -and grass-owls 78 Common Barn-Owl

STRIGIDAE: Typical owls

79 Collared Scops-Owl 5 2 2 80 Spot-bellied Eagle-Owl 1 81 Buffy Fish-Owl 1 1 82 Collared Owlet 4 2 83 Asian Barred Owlet 4 2 84 Brown Boobook 12 3 2

CAPRIMULGIDAE: EUROSTOPODINAE: Eared-nightjars 85 Great Eared-Nightjar 1

CAPRIMULGINAE: Typical nightjars 86 Large-tailed Nightjar 4 2 APODIAE: APODINAE: Typical swifts 87 Black-Nest Swiftlet

88 Edible-Nest Swiftlet 89 Germain's Swiftlet + 90 Brown-backed

Needletail26 38 14

91 Asian Palm-Swift 24 30 24 92 Fork-tailed Swift ? 93 House Swft 30

APODIDAE: HEMIPROCNINAE: Treeswifts94 Crested Treeswift 95 Grey-rumped Treeswift 4 96 Whiskered Treeswift 11

TROGONIDAE: Trogons 97 Orange-breasted Trogon 1 6 1 2 4

CORACIIDAE: Rollers98 Indian Roller 8 3 2 4 1 2 99 Dollarbird 16 16 3 10 2 6

ALCEDINIDAE: HELCYONINAE: Larger kingfishers

100 Banded Kingfisher 4 5 6 4 101 Stork-billed Kingfisher 2 1 5 3 102

Brown-winged Kingfisher + 25

103 Ruddy Kingfisher 6 104

White-throated Kingfisher 6 7 1

105 Black-capped Kingfisher 1

ALCEDINIDAE: ALCEDININAE: Smaller kingfisher

106 Black-backed Kingfisher 3 107

Rufous-backed Kingfiher 1

108 Blue-eared Kingfisher 6 2 109 Common Kingfisher 2 3 4

MEROPIDAE: Bee-eaters

110 Red-bearded Bee-eater 2 8 2 8 8 111 Little Green Bee-eater 112 Blue-tailed Bee-eater 19 24 + 113 Blue-throated Bee-eater 40 33 23

114 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater

UPUPIDAE: Hoopoes 115 Common Hoopoe

BUCEROTIDAE: Hornbills

116 Southern Brown Hornbill 30 24

117 Bushy-crested Hornbill

118 Oriental Pied Hornbill 2 11 25 7 30 31

119 Great Hornbill 2 5 2 6 120 Helmeted Hornbill 2 2 121 Plain-pouched Hornbill 12 2 5 30 18 122 Wreathed Hornbill 4 3 9 8

RAMPHASTIDAE: MEGALAIMINAE: Asian barbets

123 Lineated Barbet 8 14 6 124 Gold-whiskered Barbet 15 1

0 14 2 125 Red-crowned Barbet 1 14 7 5 5 126 Red-throated Barbet 4 9 1

8 6 12 127 Blue-eared Batbet 4 13 1

4 8 9 128 Coppersmith Barbet 3 9 4 129 Brown Barbet 6

PICIDAE: PICINAE: Typical woodpeckers

130

White-bellied Woodpecker 2

131 Banded Woodpecker 3 4 6 2 132 Greater Yellownape 2 133 Lesser Yellownape 2 134

Crimson-winged Woodpecker 5 6 2

135

Grey-headed Woodpecker 1

136

Streak-breasted Woodpecker 2

137 Laced Woodpecker 3 138

Streak-throated Woodpecker 1

139 Common Flameback 4 12 9 2 4 140 Greater Flameback 6 13 8 4 5 141 Bamboo Woodpecker 2 5 3 4 142 Maroon Woodpecker 3 2 3 143 Bay Woodpecker 144

Buff-rumped Woodpecker 4 4

145

Heart-spotted Woodpecker 3 2

146 Great Slaty Woodpecker 2 7 6 6 6

EURYLAIMIDAE: CALYPTOMENINAE: Asian green broadbills

147 Green Broadbill 4 11 4 2

EURYLAIMINAE: Typical broadbills 14 Dusky Broadbill 18 4

8149 Silver-breasted Broadbill 8 150

Black-And-Red Broadbill 3 4 6 10 8 4

151 Banded Broadbill 2 152

Black-And-Yellow Broadbill 11 44 1

2 5 6

PITTIDAE: Pittas

153 Hooded Pitta 2 26 3 10 8 6 154 Blue-winged Pitta 10 6 1

0 4 10 155 Mangrove Pitta 12 156 Gurney's Pitta 1 1

7 6 2 2

CAMPEPHAGIDAE: Cuckooshriles, trillers, minivets & allies

157

Black-winged Cuckooshrike 4 2 3

158 Lesser Cuckooshrike 2 6 159 Swinhoe's Minivet

ORIOLIDAE: Orioles & allies

160 Dark-throated Oriole 3 1 7 161 Black-naped Oriole 8 6 2 2

GENERA INCERTAE SEDIS: Woodshdrikes, flycatcher-shrikes & philentomas

162 Large Woodshrike 2 163

Bar-winged Flycatcher-Shrike 4

164

Rufous-Winged Philentoma 4 6

165

Maroon-Breasted Philentoma 3

AEGITHINIDAE: Ioras

166 Common Iora 8 12 167 Great Iora 2 1

0 4 4

RHIPIDURIDAE: Fantails 168 White-throated Fantail

DICRURIDAE: Drongos

169 Black Drongo 6 2 1 170 Ashy Drongo 7 6 2 171 Bronzed Drongo 4 17 8 18 9 172

Greater Racket-tailed Drongo 18 34 8 32 2 10

MONARCHIDAE: Monarchs, paradise-flycatchers & allies

173

Black-nape Monarch 6 25 7 3 25 5

174

Asian Paradide-Flycatcher 4 4 2 8

CORVIDAE: Crows, nutcrackers, magpies, jays, treepies & allies

175 House Crow 176 Jungle Crow 6 14 3 177 Grey Treepie 178 Racket-tailed Treepie 8 18 4 6 3 179 Black Magpie 3 8 4 6 3 180 Crested Jay 6 4 2 181 Tiger Shrike 2 182 Brown Shrike 2

NECTARINIIDAE: Sunbirds & spinderhunters

183 Plain Sunbird 184 Brown-throated Sunbird 2 4 185 Van Hasselt's Sunbird 186 Purple Sunbird 5 187 Olive-backed Sunbird 8 188 Crimson Sunbird 22 4 2 189 Black-throated Sunbird 2 190 Ruby-cheeked Sunbird 11 2 191 Streaked Spiderhunter 6 6 2 2 192 Little Spiderhunter 20 31 5 6 6 193

Yellow-eared Spiderhunter 2

DICAEIDAE: Flowerpeckers

194

Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker 2 1

195

Orang-bellied Flowerpecker 8 2 2 2

196 Plain Flowerpecker 197

Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker 2 4

CHLOROPSEIDAE: Leafbirds 19

8 Greater Green Leafbird 199 Lesser Green Leafbird 4 4 20 Blue-winged Leafbird 7 26 1 4

0 6

IRENIDAE: Fairy-bluebirds 201 Asian Fairy-Bluebird 11 35 2

1 13 16

ESTRILDIDAE: LONCHURINAE: Java Sparrow, munias, parrotfinches & allies

202 White-rumped Munia 18 1

4 4 203 White-bellied Munia 204 Scaly-breasted Munia 205 Pin-tailed Parrotfinch

PASSERIDAE: Sparrows & allies

206 House Sparrow 207 Eurasian Tree-Sparrow 50

MOTACILLIDAE: Wagtails & pipits

208 Olive-backed Pipit 7 209 Paddyfied Pipit 20 10 210 Forest Wagtail 2

211 Yellow Wagtail

SITTIDAE: Nuthatches 212 Velvet-fornted Nuthatch 4

STURNIDAE: STURNINAE: Mynas, starlings & allies

213 Jungle Myna 10 19 1

2 214 Common Myna 14 6 20 215 Black-collared Starling 216 Asian Pied Starling 217 Chestnut-tailed Starling 218

White-shouldered Starling

219 Golden-crested Myna 8 31 2 220 Common Hill-Myna 10 28 4 6 3

MUSCICAPIDAE: SAXICOLINAE: Shortwings, robins, redstarts, rock-thrushes, chats, forktails, whistling-thrushes & allies

221 Blue Rock-Thrush 4 222 Eastern Stonechat 2 223 Pied Bushchat 3 224 Black-backed Forktail 2 225 Blue Whistling-Thrush 3 6 5 6 4 3

MUSCICAPINAE: Old World flycatchers & allies 226 Pale Blue Flycatcher 3 3 3 227

Hill Blue Flycatcher

228 Tickell's Bule Flycatcher 229 Blue-throated Flycatcher 4 4 6 4 2

230 Verditer Flycatcher 4 + 231

Yellow-rumped Flycatcher 2

232 Little Pied Flycatcher 233 Taiga Flycatcher 2 + + 234 Dark-Side Flycatcher 2 3 2 235 Asian Brown Flycatcher 4 3 2 236

Blue-And-White Flycatcher

237 Oriental Magpie-Robin 238 White-rumped Shama 9 23 11 26 50 12

PARIDAE:Typical tits 239 Sultan Tit 6 4 9 4

STENOSTIRIDAE: Canary-flycatchers & allies 240

Grey-headed Canary-Flycatcher 2 6 4

ALAUDIDAE: Larks 241 Bushlark

PYCNONOTIDAE: Bulbuls

242 Black-headed Bulbul 18 16 2

1 13 3 18 243 Black-crested Bulbul 34 23 1

6 4 12 244 Grey-bellied Bulbul 2 245 Stripe-throated Bulbul 30 45 2

2 8 6 19 246 Red-eyed Bulbul 247 Red-whiskered Bulbul 248 Grey-eyed Bulbul 8 249 Buff-vented Bulbul 13 250 Hairy-backed Bulbul 8 8 8 251 Puff-throated Bulbul 10 22 1

8 12 35 12 252 Ochraceous Bulbul 6

HIRUNDINIDAE: HIRUNDININAE: Martins, swallows & allies

253 Barn Swallow 33 18 10 25 Red-rumped Swallow

4255 Striated Swallow 256 Rufous-bellied Swallow 5

CETTIIDAE: Abroscopus warblers, Mountain Tailorbird,

257 Yellow-bellied Warbler 24 18 3 11 5 8

PHYLLOSCOPIDAE: Seicercus & Phylloscopus warblers

258 Warbler 2 259 Arctic Warbler + 260

Plae-legged Leaf-Warbler

261 Greenish Warbler 262 Two-barred Warbler 263 Yellow-browed Warbler 264 Tickell's Leaf-Warbler 265 Dusky Warbler

TIMALIIDAE: Babblers

266 Brown-cheeked Fulvetta 6 19 3

1 9 6 267 Spot-necked Babbler 12 268 Grey-throated Babbler 2 14 5 8 4 269

Chestnut-winged Babbler

270

White-browed Scimitar-Babbler 8 22 11 7 4 4

271 Rufous-fronted Babbler 11 4 4 5 3 272 Pin-Striped Tit-Babbler 17 49 2

7 21 50+ 18 273 Black-capped Babbler 4 274 Puff-throated Babbler 12 22 1

0 6 6 275 Abbott's Babbler 6 36 6 9 30 5 276

White-crested Laughingthrush 5

277

Necklaced Laughingthrush 3

ACROCEPHALIDAE: Acrocephalus warblers & allies

278 Thick-billed Warbler

CISTICOLIDAE: Cisticolas, tailorbirds, prinias & allies

279 Zitting Cisticola 1 2 281

Rufous-tailed Tailorbird

283 Dark-necked Tailorbird 24 12 2

2 4 20 4 285 Common Tailordbird 17 11 2

3 20 287 Rufescent Prinia 4 289 Grey-breasted Prinia 8 291 Yellow-bellied Prinia 4 + 4 293 Plain Prinia

Participants : – Saw Moses, Tin Aye (Local Guide), Lay Win, Kyaw Naing Oo, Aung Kyaw win (Local Guide), Saw Bay (Local Guide), Tin Htun Aung (from left to right)

Secondary and old shifting cultivation in Bawsanwe Camp (Site I)

Interview with local community in Site I

Logs in Site II where GP was recorded at highest altitude in 2011

Logs in Site II where GP was recorded at highest altitude

Habitat where GP was found in Site V

Base Camp in Ngawun Chaung (Site V)

Primary degraded forest where GP was found in Site V

Secondary and Bamboo forest with lime stone background in Site VIII

View of Site VII

Betel nut plantation and Patch of secondary in Site X

Secondary, bushes and bamboo where GP was found in Site IX

Photo of Gurney’s Pitta was taken in Site VI

Rufous- bellied Swallow in Phayardan Camp (Site VIII) it is a new record for Myanmar

Monitor Lizard was shot dead in Site V

Documents

Gurney’s Pitta Pitta gurneyi Research And Survey, Myanmar ......Gurney’s Pitta is a globally threatened species considered as Endangered in IUCN red listing. The survey was conducted