Guided Reading Activities - Biloxi Public School District Reading Activity 1-1 ... The Early Years to 1877 ★1 ★ Guided Reading Activities Themes in Geography ... Recalling Facts

AMERICAN HISTORY:THE EARLY YEARS TO 1877

Guided Reading Activities

New York, New York Columbus, Ohio Mission Hills, California Peoria, Illinois

GLENCOEMcGraw-Hill

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To the TeacherAmerican History: The Early Years to 1877 Guided Reading Activities provides help for

students who have difficulty comprehending the student text or would benefit from areview of the material. Students fill in missing information in the guided reading outlines,sentence completion activities, or other information organizing exercises as they read thetextbook. By focusing attention on key information and concepts, Guided ReadingActivities enable students to understand and make appropriate connections between thefacts they encounter in the student text.

Customize Your ResourcesNo matter how you organize your teaching resources, Glencoe has what you need.

The Teacher’s Classroom Resources for American History: The Early Years to 1877provides you with a wide variety of supplemental materials to enhance the classroomexperience. These resources appear as individual booklets in a carryall tote box. Thebooklets are designed to open flat so that pages can be easily photocopied withoutremoving them from their booklet. However, if you choose to create separate files, thepages are perforated for easy removal. You may customize these materials using our file folders or tabbed dividers.

The individual booklets and the file management kit supplied in Teacher’s ClassroomResources give you the flexibility to organize these resources in a combination that bestsuits your teaching style. Below are several alternatives:

• Organize all resources by category(all tests, all history themes activities, all cooperative learning activities, etc.,filed separately)

• Organize all resources by category and chapter(all Chapter 1 activities, all Chapter 1 tests, etc.)

• Organize resources sequentially by lesson(activities, quizzes, readings, etc., for Chapter 1, Chapter 2, and so on)

Copyright © 1997 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with American History: The Early Years to 1877. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher.

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ISBN 0-02-822324-1

Printed in the United States of America

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American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ iii ★ Guided Reading Activities

Table of ContentsTo the Teacher ............................................................................................................................... ii


Chapter 11-1 Themes in Geography ....................................................................................................... 11-2 The Tools of Geography .................................................................................................... 21-3 Landscape of the Americas .............................................................................................. 31-4 Climate and Resources ...................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 22-1 The First Americans .......................................................................................................... 52-2 Native American Culture Groups ................................................................................... 62-3 Empires of the South ......................................................................................................... 7

Chapter 33-1 A Changing Europe ........................................................................................................... 83-2 Portugal and the Age of Exploration .............................................................................. 93-3 Columbus Reaches the Americas .................................................................................. 103-4 Early European Claims to the Americas ....................................................................... 11

Chapter 44-1 The Fall of Two Empires ................................................................................................. 124-2 Spain Builds a Vast Empire ............................................................................................ 134-3 French, Dutch, and Swedish Colonies .......................................................................... 14

Chapter 55-1 English Settlers in Virginia ............................................................................................. 155-2 Pilgrims Found Plymouth Colony ................................................................................ 165-3 Settling the New England Colonies .............................................................................. 175-4 Settling the Middle Colonies .......................................................................................... 185-5 Settling the Southern Colonies ....................................................................................... 19

Chapter 66-1 The New England Colonies ............................................................................................ 206-2 The Middle Colonies ....................................................................................................... 216-3 The Southern Colonies .................................................................................................... 226-4 Democracy Takes Root .................................................................................................... 23

Chapter 77-1 An American Way of Life Develops ............................................................................. 247-2 The French and Indian War ............................................................................................ 257-3 Taxes and Boycotts ........................................................................................................... 267-4 On the Brink of War ......................................................................................................... 27

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Chapter 88-1 Declaring Independence ............................................................................................... 288-2 The Colonies at War ...................................................................................................... 298-3 The War Moves South ................................................................................................... 308-4 Victory at Yorktown ....................................................................................................... 31

Chapter 99-1 Forming a Union ............................................................................................................ 329-2 The Confederation Era .................................................................................................. 339-3 The Constitutional Convention ................................................................................... 349-4 A More Perfect Union ................................................................................................... 35

Chapter 1010-1 Establishing the New Government ............................................................................. 3610-2 Dealing With Other Nations ........................................................................................ 3710-3 Political Parties Develop ............................................................................................... 3810-4 Troubled Times for John Adams .................................................................................. 39

Chapter 1111-1 Jefferson Takes Control ................................................................................................. 4011-2 The Louisiana Purchase ................................................................................................ 4111-3 Troubles With France and Britain ................................................................................ 4211-4 The War Hawks .............................................................................................................. 4311-5 The War of 1812 .............................................................................................................. 44

Chapter 1212-1 Industries Take Root ...................................................................................................... 4512-2 Moving West ................................................................................................................... 4612-3 Nationalism and Sectionalism ..................................................................................... 4712-4 Monroe and Foreign Affairs ......................................................................................... 48

Chapter 1313-1 The People’s President .................................................................................................. 4913-2 A New Spirit in the White House ............................................................................... 5013-3 Crisis and Conflict ......................................................................................................... 5113-4 The End of the Jacksonian Era ..................................................................................... 52

Chapter 1414-1 The Oregon Country ..................................................................................................... 5314-2 Texas Independence ...................................................................................................... 5414-3 War With Mexico ........................................................................................................... 5514-4 Spanning a Continent .................................................................................................... 56

Chapter 1515-1 Literature, Art, and Science .......................................................................................... 5715-2 Calls for Widespread Education .................................................................................. 5815-3 Social and Cultural Change .......................................................................................... 5915-4 The Antislavery Movement .......................................................................................... 6015-5 The Women’s Rights Movement ................................................................................. 61

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Guided Reading Activities ★ iv ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877

Chapter 1616-1 The Changing North ..................................................................................................... 6216-2 Life in the North ............................................................................................................. 6316-3 The Cotton Kingdom ..................................................................................................... 6416-4 Life in the South ............................................................................................................. 65

Chapter 1717-1 Settling Differences ........................................................................................................ 6617-2 Moving Closer to Conflict ............................................................................................ 6717-3 A New Political Party .................................................................................................... 6817-4 Election of 1860 and Secession ..................................................................................... 69

Chapter 1818-1 The War Begins .............................................................................................................. 7018-2 The War in the East ........................................................................................................ 7118-3 The War in the West ....................................................................................................... 7218-4 Behind the Lines ............................................................................................................ 7318-5 Surrender at Appomattox ............................................................................................. 74

Chapter 1919-1 Restoring the Union ...................................................................................................... 7519-2 President and Congress Clash ..................................................................................... 7619-3 The South During Reconstruction ............................................................................... 7719-4 Reconstruction Ends ...................................................................................................... 78

Chapter 2020-1 Westward Expansion ..................................................................................................... 7920-2 New American Industries ............................................................................................ 8020-3 New Immigrants, Modern Cities ................................................................................. 8120-4 Rural and Urban Reforms ............................................................................................ 82

Chapter 2121-1 World I Era ...................................................................................................................... 8321-2 Between Two Wars ........................................................................................................ 8421-3 World War II Era ............................................................................................................ 8521-4 The Cold War Years ....................................................................................................... 8621-5 Toward a New Century ................................................................................................ 87

Answer Key ................................................................................................................................. 88

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American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ v ★ Guided Reading Activities

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Guided Reading Activity 1-1

American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 1 ★ Guided Reading Activities

Themes in GeographyDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. The five themes in geography are

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo,

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo,

and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

2. Geographers use the five themes tomake connections between the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and

the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

and to study how the earth haschanged over time.

3. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

describes the exact position of a placeon Earth in degrees north or south ofthe Equator and east and west of thePrime Meridian.


tells where a place is in relation toother places.

5. Land and water forms, plant andanimal life, soil conditions, and climate

are all ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo features ofa place.

6. People, their ideas, languages, and

religions are all ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooofeatures of a place.

7. Wherever humans have lived ortraveled, they have changed the natural features of the earth, or the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

8. Immigrants coming to our country isan example of the geographic theme

called ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. Of all the geographic themes, move-ment has affected our country’s

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo the most.

10. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

are areas that have something incommon.

11. To describe a region, geographers look

at ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocharacteristics such as location, size,landforms, climate, soil, and naturalvegetation.

12. To describe a region, geographers also

look at oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocharacteristics, such as people’slanguage, religion, government, andhistory.

/

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Guided Reading Activities ★ 2 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877

The Tools of GeographyDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Globes

A. The only accurate way to draw our

planet is as a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. Globes show the true ooooooooooooooooooo

and true oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooobetween places.

C. The starting place for measuringlines of latitude, which are also

known as ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

is the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

D. The starting place for measuringlines of longitude, which are also

known as ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

is the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

E. Lines of latitude and longitude

form a grid. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooare used to identify addresses onthis grid.

F. The names of the hemispheres are

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooooooooo .

II. Map Projections

A. A map is a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodrawing of the earth’s surface.

B. In the mid-1500s, the oooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo was developed to solve the problem ofdrawing the curved surface of theearth on a flat map.

C. Most geographers today use the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo projection.

This projection gives a ooooooooooooooooooview at the northern and southernedges of the map but a true view of most sizes and shapes and direc-tion. It also gives a fairly accuratepicture of the relationship between

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

III. Types of maps

A. Physical maps show ooooooooooooooooooooofeatures.

B. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

maps show traits that people havecreated, such as cities or the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo of statesand countries.

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Guided Reading Activity 1-3C

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Landscape of the AmericasDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. The region that is sometimes calledCentral America is actually part ofwhat continent?

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

2. What are the four major landformsthat make up the topography?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. What are the highest, most ruggedlandforms on the earth?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

4. Which two landforms have flat or

gently rolling land? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

5. What are the four major types of

bodies of water? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,



6. What is the largest river system in

North America? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


7. What is the largest river system in

South America? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

8. What are the eight major physicalregions of the United States?

ooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooo

9. Which islands grew out of volcanoes?


10. Which region has the tallest mountains?

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

11. What makes Death Valley one of the outstanding features of the Inter-

mountain Region? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


12. What area of the Interior Plains formsthe country’s breadbasket?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

13. Which region is not good for farmingbut has many mines?


14. Why are the Appalachians lower thanthe Rockies?


15. What region forms lowlands on the

East coast? oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo

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Climate and ResourcesDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. Climate is the usual weather pattern of

an area over a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooperiod of time. Weather is the condi-tion of the earth’s atmosphere over a


period of time.

2. Two main ingredients in weather are temperature and precipitation.Weather is also affected by latitude, elevation, and mountains.

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo also affect weather.

3. A climate in which citrus fruits and

pineapple grow well is ooooooooooooooooooooo .

4. The only place to find a Mediterraneanclimate in North America is in the state

of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

5. A moist and rainy climate commonly

found near a coast is oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

6. The climate of a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooois cool even when it is close to theEquator.

7. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

is covered in bushes and short grasses.It receives little rainfall.

8. Of all the climate regions, the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo receives theleast rainfall.

9. The lower layers of the tundra are

known as oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooobecause they stay permanently frozen.

10. The humid continental and humidsubtropical climate regions cover

nearly oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

of the United States.

11. Huge forests remain in subarctic


12. Minerals, waterways, fish, wildlife,and timber are all examples of



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The First AmericansDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. What covered the northern half of theworld during the Ice Age?


2. How did the first Americans crossfrom northeastern Asia into Alaska?



3. What name is given to the first Ameri-cans who both hunted and gathered

food? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

4. What era ended about 10,000 years

ago? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

5. What change eventually caused thehunter-gatherers to settle down to livein one place for long periods of time?



6. What important grain did the first

farmers grow? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

7. What are two types of artifacts thatreveal cultures that existed more than10,000 years ago?



8. What were the two major NativeAmerican cultures living in the pre-sent-day United States 2,000 years ago?



9. For what purpose were mounds built?


10. Where did the Adena settle?



11. In contrast to the Adena, what did theHopewell rely on for food?


12. Which was the most advanced of themound-building cultures?


13. At first the Anasazi of the Southwestbuilt their homes on the canyon floor.Where did they build them later?



14. For what reason did the Anasazi comein contact with Native Americans who lived as far away as Mexico?


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Native American Culture GroupsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. There were many different groups ofNative Americans. A nation of NativeAmericans was usually made up ofpeople who spoke the same


and shared other cultural traits.

2. Religious leaders, called shamans,were thought to be able to communi-

cate with the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

3. Two Native American groups of the

Arctic are the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

and the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

4. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo was the most important source of meat for NativeAmericans living in the Subarctic.

5. The people of the Northwest Coast didnot farm because food was so abun-dant. These people used wood to make

large canoes and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


6. Several different culture groups lived in California. For example the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo lived on thesouthern coast of California and weremaster ocean fishers.

7. In the plateau area, people protectedthemselves from the cold by building

homes that were partly oooooooooooooooooooo .

8. People who lived in the Great Basin

were called ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

because they had to dig in the groundfor most of their food.

9. Like their cliff-dwelling ancestors,most people of the Southwest lived in


10. After the people of the Plains acquired

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , theygave up most of their farming andfocused on hunting.

11. The two main culture groups in the Northeast Woodlands were the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and the


12. To bring an end to bloodshed, Hia-watha urged warring groups to form

the oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

13. Southeast groups hunted and fished.

Most relied heavily on oooooooooooooooooooooo .

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Empires of the SouthDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. The Maya

A. The Maya were extremely skilled

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

who produced so much food thatthey had plenty to trade.

B. The Maya were also master

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .At the center of most of their cities

were ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

C. The most important people in the

empire were oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo . They studied the sky and developed

two oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooto keep track of time.

D. The Maya developed a system of

writing using ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

II. The Aztec

A. The Aztec built their capital,Tenochtitlán, at the site of present-

day ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. Three large ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooconnected the island capital withthe mainland around the lake.

C. Another engineering accomp-lishment of the Aztec were

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,or channels for flowing water.

D. Wealth flowed into the Aztec

empire from oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

peoples.

E. The Aztec had a rigid social system

with ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooat the top.

III. The Inca

A. Unlike the Aztec, the Inca con-quered many of their subjects by


means.

B. The Incan ruler governed from the

capital city of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

C. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooowned all the food that was grown.

D. The government used the labor ofthe people to build a large system

of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

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A Changing EuropeDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. Trader and sailor ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


convinced other Norse to go to theNorth American coast.

2. The Norse called their settlement


3. Written evidence of the Norse journeysexists only in Norse legends

known as oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

4. The fall of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


in 476 marked the beginning of theMiddle Ages.

5. Landowners called oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ruled their lands, called oooooooooooooooooooo ,like kingdoms.

6. As part of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooosystem, small farmers and landownersturned over all their land to a feudal

lord in exchange for ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

7. Beginning around the year 1000, manyworkers who had been tied to themanors began to long for


8. The growth of towns began the fall ofthe feudal system. The disaster thatbroke down the last of the feudal

system was called the oooooooooooooooooooooooo


9. Life in towns caused the growth of a

new ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo class.

10. Around 1071 the Catholic Churchcalled for warriors to free Palestine, or

the oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo

from the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

11. New knowledge and goods returned

to Europe with the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

12. Starting in the 1200s, new countries

began to form, such as ooooooooooooooooooooo ,


oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , and others.

13. The Renaissance was a time of

creativity. Artists such as oooooooooooooooooooo

and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo created

paintings. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

produced many great poems and plays.

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Portugal and the Age of ExplorationDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Prince Henry of Portugal wasaffected by the Renaissance search forknowledge. He also wanted to spreadthe Catholic faith.

1. Detail: Prince Henry wanted to find

an ocean route around ooooooooooooooooooooo

to ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

2. Detail: He also wanted to locate thesource of the gold that came from

lands far south in oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

3. Detail: To accomplish his goals, PrinceHenry realized that sailors needed toknow more about

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , or the science of piloting ships.

4. Detail: Prince Henry helped

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolead the rest of Europe into the Age ofExploration.

Main Idea: During Europe’s Middle Ages,three large kingdoms controlled traderoutes that ran from North Africa tothe West African coast.

5. Detail: The people of ooooooooooooooooooooootraded gold, salt, dates, and ivory.

6. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooootrading city of Timbuktu became aleading center of Islamic culture.

7. Detail: The largest of the three

empires, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , grew rich from trade in gold and ivory.

Main Idea: Portugal’s search for richesaffected Africa and Africans.

8. Detail: The Portuguese named three coastal areas of Africa:



oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. Detail: The Portuguese capturedAfricans and sold them. An


is forced to serve another person inways decided by a slaveholder.

Main Idea: Portuguese navigators contin-ued to seek a route around Africa thatwould lead to Asia.

10. Detail: Explorer ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooorounded the southern tip of Africa;The king of Portugal named this tip the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

11. Detail: Explorer ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooorounded Africa and crossed the IndianOcean. He landed on the west coast of


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Columbus Reaches the AmericasDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Who wrote the Description of the Worldthat formed the basis of ChristopherColumbus’s geography?

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

2. What island group attractedColumbus’s attention?


3. Who taught Columbus sailing skillsand theories about geography?


4. What country refused to finance awestward voyage toward Asia byColumbus?


5. What country refused Columbus’srequests at first but eventually sup-plied his voyage?


6. Where did Columbus and his crewfirst arrive and claim land?



7. Where did Columbus believe he hadlanded?


8. What group of island people didColumbus meet?


9. What two additional islands did

Columbus explore? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


10. When Columbus returned to Spain,what interested the Spanish monarchsmost about Columbus’s reports?


11. How many return voyages didColumbus make to the Americas?


12. What was the name of the first perma-nent European colony in the WesternHemisphere?


13. What did the Italian explorer AmerigoVespucci claim to have discovered?


14. Where did the name America firstappear?



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Early European Claims to the AmericasDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Spain Conquers the Caribbean

A. The first workers on Spanish

plantations were oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


B. When the Spanish needed more

workers, they brought oooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to the islands.

C. A priest who asked the Spanishgovernment to help the Native

Americans was oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

II. Balboa and the Pacific/Magellan SailsAround the World

A. Vasco Núñez de Balboa and hismen crossed a narrow strip of land

called the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. Although Ferdinand Magellan was

not the first to see the ooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , he named it.

C. On his voyage around the world,Magellan’s final stop was the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo . Only 18 of the original 241-personcrew completed the trip.

III. The English Sail West

A. Like Columbus, John Cabotassumed he had reached Asia, buthe actually landed off the coast of

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,in what is present-day

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. What happened to the captain,

ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , is still a mystery.

C. His voyages, however, gave

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo its first claim toland in North America.

IV. The French and the NorthwestPassage

A. While searching for the Northwest

Passage, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooobecame the first European to sailinto the harbor of present-day NewYork City.

B. Jacques Cartier claimed present-

day ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooofor France.

C. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooowere not interested in a NorthwestPassage and continued to explorein the South.

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The Fall of Two EmpiresDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read thesection and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Who was the Aztec emperor?


2. What god did Montezuma believemight have come to reclaim his

throne? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. What did Hernán Cortés tell Monte-zuma’s messengers that he wanted?


4. Who served as interpreter for Cortés?


5. What languages did Cortés’s

interpreter use? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

6. When did Cortés and his allies arrive

at Tenochtitlán? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

7. Whom did the Spaniards immediatelytake as prisoner?


8. When did the Aztec unite and drivethe Spaniards from Tenochtitlán?



9. What caused the deaths of manyAztec?



10. Where was Mexico City built?



11. Who led the attack against the Inca?


12. Whom did the Spaniards take captive?


13. What promise did Francisco Pizarrobreak?



14. Where did Pizarro set up his capital?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

15. Why did Pizarro send out expeditionsfrom his newly established capital?






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Spain Builds a Vast EmpireDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. The friars’ influence over HernánCortés was just one sign that

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo played animportant role as Spain continued tostrengthen and enlarge its empire inthe Americas.

2. Spain divided its empire into two

parts, the southern part was called


and the northern part— oooooooooooooooooooooo


3. Each part of Spain’s empire was put in

charge of a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

4. Spanish law called for three types ofsettlements in the Americas:

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

5. The highest positions in Spanishcolonial society were held by


6. People who had Spanish parents buthad been born in New Spain were


7. People of mixed Spanish and Native

American descent were oooooooooooooooooooo .

8. Although Spain passed laws to end

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

in 1542, they were hard to enforce.

9. The oldest city in the United States

started by Europeans is oooooooooooooooooooooo


10. Two survivors of the lost Spanish expe-dition through the borderlands were


oooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

11. ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

who organized a large expedition tofind the Seven Cities of Cibola,explored much of the present-daysouthwestern United States.

12. Another explorer in search of gold was

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , who traveled to large parts of present-day southeastern United States.

13. Spain set up hundreds of oooooooooooooooooo .

Some oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooenjoyed the benefits they provided, butothers rebelled against them.

14. Native Americans were expected to

accept the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

faith, practice Spanish customs, andwork at the missions.

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French, Dutch, and Swedish ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Establishing New France

A. On the lands that had been first

explored by oooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo , French fur companies sent

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo

and others.

B. Unlike the Spanish, French settlers

tried to ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooNative American ways.

C. The economy of New France was

based on the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


D. Traders sent ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , otter, and fox skins back to France.

II. Exploring the Mississippi

A. The Mississippi was explored by

ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo and

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo


B. Robert de La Salle claimed all the

lands of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo for France.

C. He named it ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

for the French king.

III. Attracting French Settlers

A. To encourage settlement, King

Louis XIV set up a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. A network of forts connected

Canada with ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooand French claims along the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo River.

IV. Arrival of the Dutch and Swedes

A. The Dutch established the settle-

ment of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

on Manhattan Island.

B. Sweden settled an area just southof New Netherland that they called



C. The Dutch in New Amsterdamwere troubled by the presence of

New Sweden because oooooooooooooooooo



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English Settlers in VirginiaDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. When sailors from England came toRoanoke Island in 1590, they foundthat the colonists left there two yearsbefore had


2. As a way of sharing the costs of start-ing a colony, what two companies didEnglish merchants form?



and oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo


3. Who actually paid the costs of

settlement? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

4. After whom did the first colonists inVirginia name their settlement and the river that led to it?


5. As English “gentlemen” the Jamestowncolonists did not have the practical

skills they needed for ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

6. Who took charge of the troubledJamestown settlement?


7. Who supplied the corn and freshwaterthat helped the colony survive?


8. What crop made the economy of thecolony successful?


9. How did planters treat the firstAfricans brought to America?



10. What group sailed into Jamestown in

1620? ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

11. The Native Americans mistrusted theEnglish. What else did NativeAmericans resent?



12. Who first granted colonists a voice inrunning the colony’s government?



13. When King James I took back theVirginia Company of London’s charter,

who controlled Virginia? oooooooooooooooooooo


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Pilgrims Found Plymouth ColonyDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read thesection and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. What did both the Puritans and theSeparatists have strong feelings about?


2. How did the Puritans differ from theSeparatists concerning religion?



3. Where in Europe did the Separatistsseek religious tolerance?


4. What name did groups of Separatistswho moved for the sake of religioustolerance call themselves?



5. Where were the Separatists grantedpermission to set up a colony?



6. Who arranged financial backing andfound a seaworthy ship for the

Pilgrims? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


7. Why did Pilgrim leaders decide towrite the Mayflower Compact?

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo



8. Where did the Pilgrims settle?


9. What brought hardship and death tothe Plymouth Colony?



10. What Native American group helpedthe English?



11. What Native American taught theEnglish to hunt, to plant corn, and tofish?


12. When was the first Thanksgivingheld?


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Settling the New England ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. The year oooooooooooooooooooooooooo marked thebeginning of the Great Migration.

2. Because Charles I despised the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , they petitionedfor a colony and formed the

oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .

3. John Winthrop called the colony

“a ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo” becauseit was to be a model for the world.

4. The colony’s capital was


5. The first General Court, which made

the laws, included only oooooooooooooooooooooowho were investors, but later all adultfreemen were included if they were

oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

6. The Puritans sought freedom of reli-gion, but they did not believe in

religious ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

for others.

7. Roger Williams belived in separation

of ooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,which became a basic principle ofAmerican government.

8. Banished from the Massachusetts BayColony, Williams spent a winter with

the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. He bought land from them for a

a community called ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

10. Williams accepted everyone into hiscommunity. Nearby towns eventuallyjoined, and started the colony of

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

11. Others left Massachusetts Bay and

settled the oooooooooooooooooooooo River valley.


had a government plan called theFundamental Orders of Connecticut.

13. In 1622 John Mason and Sir FernandoGorges receive a land grant in the area

that is today oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

14. Because the English pushed the

oooooooooooooooooo in Connecticut from theirland, violence arose.

15. The Wampanoag chief ooooooooooooooooooooooo

joined with allies to make a war. It came to an end with his


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Settling the Middle ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: The Dutch West TradingCompany set up a colony in NorthAmerica.

1. Detail: It was located in territory that

had been explored by oooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and claimed for


2. Detail: The center of the Dutch colony

was ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: The Dutch West IndiaCompany wanted to attract settlers toits colony and protect its trade.

3. Detail: The company gave huge tracts

of ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooto anyone who would bring 50 newsettlers to New Amsterdam.

4. Detail: The Dutch governor ooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , seized the colony

of ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooobecause it was a trade rival.

Main Idea: Changes in England causedchanges in North America.

5. Detail: Charles II realized that only

the colony of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo kept Englandfrom holding all of the Atlantic coast.

6. Detail: He sent his brother James,

Duke of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , to seize the Dutch colony.

7. Detail: The territory was renamed


for the king’s brother.

Main Idea: Other Middle Colonies formed.

8. Detail: The Duke of York gave awayland between the Hudson and

Delaware Rivers. It became oooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. Detail: oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo became ahome for the Quakers.

Main Idea: William Penn, a champion oftolerance for all, influenced the devel-opment of two colonies.

10. Detail: Penn named his new colony in

honor of ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .

11. Detail: Penn’s plan of government

was based on ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


12. Detail: Penn governed three lowercounties along the Delaware River thateventually formed the colony of


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Settling the Southern ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Maryland, a Religious Refuge

A. Lord Baltimore wanted to establisha colony where he and otherpeople could safely practice

ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. Lord Baltimore was granted acharter for the colony of


C. To protect both the Catholics andthe Protestants who outnumbered

them, ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

issued the Toleration Act in 1649.

II. The Two Carolinas

A. King Charles II granted oooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo nobles piecesof land that came to be called


B. The northern part was settledmostly by people from

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .They settled on farmland andmade a profit on products from the

thick oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .

C. Settlers from the West Indies,England, and other parts of Europesettled the southern part andfounded the major city of

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

Settlers from the West Indies intro-

duced the growing of ooooooooooooooooo ,a plant that produces a blue dye.

Some settlers grew oooooooooooooooooooooooon plantations.

III. Georgia, a Colony for the Poor

A. The colony of Georgia was founded

by oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


B. He wanted to help people who had

landed in ooooooooooooooooooooooooo prison.

C. The king, however, wanted the

colony to be a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooobetween South Carolina andSpanish Florida.

D. The colony of Georgia was named

in honor of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

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The New England ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: New Englanders made theirliving in many ways—not just byfarming.

1. Detail: Because of poor oooooooooooooooooooooand a short growing season, NewEnglanders generally produced only

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo crop per season.

2. Detail: New Englanders caught

enough fish to be able to ooooooooooooooooo it.

3. Detail: Nantucket and other com-munities became centers of the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo industry.

4. Detail: Forest resources helped NewEngland become a center of


5. Detail: By 1740 Boston was the


city in the colonies.

6. Detail: Three stops on the triangulartrade routes were the West Indies, New

England, and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


7. Detail: On the final leg of the route,

the ships carried oooooooooooooooooooooooooo tothe planters in the West Indies.

Main Idea: New Englanders valuededucation.

8. Detail: Children could be seen reading from a shared book at

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. Detail: The first public school system

was set up under the ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

10. Detail: The first college in the

colonies, ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , was in New England.

Main Idea: The town, the family, and reli-gion were central to New Englandcommunity life.

11. Detail: Another name for a church

was the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

12. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo wasimportant in New England; manywere close and devoted to each other.

13. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

was a high point of the week.



was held to deal with communityproblems and other issues.

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The Middle ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. The people in the Middle Colonies

were more ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

in background than those in NewEngland.

2. Cash crops included oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

and other grains, and beef and


3. Because they produced so much grain,the Middle Colonies became known as

the “ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .”

4. Two key port cities were ooooooooooooooooooooo

and ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo


5. In New York State tenant farmersworked the lands of wealthy


6. An upper class of wealthy oooooooooooooooooofamilies grew up in New York andPhiladelphia.

7. The two largest cities in the Middle

Colonies were ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and

oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .

A third city, ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , grew quickly.

8. Most people belonged to one of several

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo denominations.

A minority were oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo or ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. The German custom of ooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooo along with sheepshearing,

cornhusking, and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooowere events that settlers often shared.

10. Children in the Middle Colonies wereeducated by private tutors, or at


schools or charity schools.

11. In the 1600s the frontier of the MiddleColonies was the eastern foothills of

the oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

12. Frontier families developed a spirit of

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo becauseof the common dangers and hardshipsthey faced.

13. Unlike in the cities, few oooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooo distinctions were common inthe frontier.

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The Southern ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. An Agricultural Economy

A. Farmers in the Southern Colonies

grew three cash crops: oooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , and


B. Using the Potomac, James, and

York Rivers, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

farmers shipped their crop down-stream to the coast and thendirectly to England. For this reasonSouthern Colonies had fewer

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cities than NewEngland and the Middle Colonieshad.

C. Planters used the swampy coastal

lands near the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo for growing rice.

D. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cropbecame an important second cropfor Carolina planters.

II. The African Population

A. The Middle Passage was the route

between oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


B. Under the slave codes enslaved people were regarded as


C. Rebellions and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooby the enslaved people occurredboth on slave ships and onplantations.

D. Some enslaved Africans became

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,such as carpenters or seamstresses.

E. Eventually a few slaveholders gave

trusted servants their ooooooooooooooooooo .

III. The Southern Plantation

A. The wealthy upper class in the

South consisted of oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooo , who developed theirown way of life on their plantations.

B. A plantation often consisted of a

family mansion called the oooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

C. With so many workers, oooooooooooooooooplantations tended to be


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Democracy Takes RootDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. How did Charles II change the chartersof Massachusetts and New

Hampshire? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


2. What areas did James II try to unite asthe Dominion of New England?

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

and oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. Who served as the dominion’s

governor? ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo


4. Who came to power during the

Glorious Revolution? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo


5. What kind of action did Nathaniel

Bacon lead? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


6. Whom did Bacon’s volunteers fight

later? oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo


7. What did the first of the Navigation

Acts say? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo



8. According to the Navigation Acts,what was the only country in whichthe colonists could sell some of theirgoods, including tobacco, cotton, and

indigo? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

9. What two rights did the colonists haveas English citizens that they would nothave had as citizens of most European

countries? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo




10. Most colonial governments had anappointed governor. What other gov-ernment body did they have?


11. What were four requirements for voting in most colonies?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo




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An American Way of Life DevelopsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. In Great Britain social standing wasbased on family and tradition; in the

colonies, it depended on oooooooooooooooooooo


2. Because colonists could move from one class to another, lower classes

could improve their ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo . Only oooooooooooooooooooooo

did not enjoy social mobility.

3. By the 1700s religious leaders believedthat colonists were becoming moreinterested in wealth and success than

in ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

4. The Great Awakening marked a


in religion.

5. The movement emphasizing scienceand reason was called theEnlightenment. It was also known as


6. John Locke believed the purpose ofgovernment was to protect people’s

“natural rights”: oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooooooooooooooo


7. The ideas and methods of scientists

such as ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and


encouraged interest in science in the colonies.

8. One important figure in the develop-ment of American science was

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. Two women who became well-knownas poets in the colonies were


and oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

10. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo sparkedincreased political activity.

11. Ben Franklin published oooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,a colonial best-seller.

12. By 1760 ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo weretraveling on the roads that linkedmajor cities.

13. Improvements to the mail serviceamong the colonies were made by


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The French and Indian WarDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the sectionand answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Where were Russia’s fur-trading

posts? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

2. What country claimed a large part of

the Southwest? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. Where was New France located?


4. What two countries claimed the landwest of the thirteen colonies?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

5. Where did the English and the Frenchcompete for control of land?


6. Who was more successful at forminggood relations with the NativeAmericans—the French or the English?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

7. Whom did the Iroquois support?


8. What larger conflict was the French

and Indian War part of? oooooooooooooooooooooo



9. Who ordered an attack on a Frenchscouting party near Great Meadows?


10. Who built Fort Necessity?


11. Who presented the Albany Plan?


12. How would the Albany Plan of Union

have united the colonies? ooooooooooooooooooo


13. When did British and colonial troopsset out to capture Fort Duquesne?


14. When did France and Britain formally

declare war? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

15. Why did William Pitt send the military

to America? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

16. Whom did James Wolfe defeat in

Quebec? ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

17. What treaty officially ended French

power in North America? ooooooooooooooooooo


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Taxes and BoycottsDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Great Britain faced problemsafter the French and Indian War.

1. Detail: A Native American alliance,

led by ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , capturedforts and frontier settlements.

2. Detail: The Proclamation of 1763 for-bade colonists to settle west of the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

3. Detail: After the French and Indian

War, Britain turned to the oooooooooooooooooooto solve its money problems.

Main Idea: Britain made harsh new lawsto raise money in the colonies.

4. Detail: The ooooooooooooooooooooo Act of 1764 taxed foreign molasses and sugar.

5. Detail: The ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo , required colonists to pay for housingand feeding British soldiers.

Main Idea: When Britain passed theStamp Act, the colonists protested.

6. Detail: A small angry group called

the oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

formed and the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


was held in New York City.

7. Detail: In 1766 Britain oooooooooooooooooooooooothe Stamp Act.

Main Idea: Parliament still wanted toraise money in the colonies and thecolonists were angry.

8. Detail: The Townshend Acts placed

ooooooooooooooooooooooo taxes on goods cominginto America, and allowed offcials to

obtain blank oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. Detail: Colonial women organized as

the oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo .

10. Detail: ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , leader of the Sons of Liberty, stirred uppublic anger against Britain.

11. Detail: British soldiers fired into anangry crowd in Boston in an event

called the oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: The colonists organized.

12. Detail: Passage of the ooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in 1773 angeredcolonists.

13. Detail: In protest colonists dumpedtea into the Boston Harbor in an action

that is now called the ooooooooooooooooooooooooo


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On the Brink of WarDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Punishing the Colonies

A. The colonists called the

ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo theIntolerable Acts. These acts closed

the oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo until the teadestroyed at the Boston Tea Partywas paid for.

B. In response the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

united the colonies more than ever before.

II. The First Continental Congress

A. Among other things the oooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , proposed byPaul Revere, demanded an end totrade with Great Britain and itsWest Indian colonies.

B. The colony of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

proposed forming a militia.

C. The colonists asked the king to

make ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo betweenParliament and the Americans.

III. Moving Toward a Crisis

A. As tensions rose, the English writer


called for compromise.

B. In a speech to the House of

Burgesses, oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

said the choice was liberty ordeath.

C. The British planned to seize

oooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooostored in Concord and to arrest two

colonial leaders, oooooooooooo oooooooooooooo

and oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo .

D. On April 18, 1775, oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo warned that theBritish were coming.

E. Which side fired the first shot at

Lexington? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

F. By day’s end, the ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

retreated.

IV. The Second Continental Congress

A. The congress chose oooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to builda Continental Army.

B. The colonists also tried to avoidwar by sending the king an

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .

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Main Idea: The Second ContinentalCongress acted as a central govern-ment that put together the colonies’defense.

1. Detail: The Olive Branch Petitionassured the king that most colonistswere still loyal both to him and to

ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo . Nevertheless,

colonists named oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooiiiiioooo as commander ofthe Continental Army.

2. Detail: Colonists knew the country-

side and wilderness and ooooooooooooooooooooin their cause.

Main Idea: The British army had manystrengths.

3. Detail: The British had the world’s

most powerful ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

4. Detail: The British hired professional

soldiers called ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: The colonists enjoyed someearly victories.

5. Detail: Ethan Allen joined with


to lead a successful attack on


6. Detail: Most of the Battle of Bunker

Hill took place on oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


Main Idea: Several factors led to thedeclaring of independence.

7. Detail: oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo ’s

pamphlet, ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo , said England was taking advantage ofthe colonies.

8. Detail: Supporters of a resolution put

forth by ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooiiiiooo formed a committee to

prepare a formal oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo wrote it.

Main Idea: The Declaration of Indepen-dence divided the country.

9. Detail: People who supported ties

with Great Britain were oooooooooooooooooooo .

10. Detail: People who favored separation

were ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

11. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

were Loyalists who concentrated onpreparing for the fight that was sure to come.

Declaring IndependenceDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

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The Colonies at WarDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. Forces led by oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

captured Montreal, but oooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and his troops were unsuccessful in their attack on


2. When George Washington aimed cannons at

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , theBritish fled.

3. Washington tried to defend New York,

but his troops failed at the oooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .

4. Washington launched a successful sur-prise attack on the British camp at

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , New Jersey.

5. The victory at oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , New Jersey, gave the ContinentalArmy hope.

6. The British planned to stop the Ameri-

cans, but the Battle of ooooooooooooooooooooooooowas a key victory for the Patriots.

7. After this victory, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

signed the Treaty of Alliance.

8. Washington’s army had to endure a

harsh winter at ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .

9. Europeans who helped the colonists

included oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , who helped train troops at Valley Forge, and

ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , who fought with Washington in Pennsylvania.

10. Three other Europeans who contrib-uted to the American cause were

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo , and

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

11. Leading volunteers, ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


weakened British influence in the Ohio Valley.

12. Although the Continental Congressestablished the Continental Navy in1775, the colonists relied on armed

private ships, or ooooooooooooooooooooooo , toprotect their ports.

13. After a battle between the AmericanBonhomme Richard and the BritishSerapis, the American captain,

oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ,became known as the “Father of theAmerican Navy.”

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The War Moves SouthDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. War in the South

A. Patriot forces crushed a Loyalist

uprising at oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , North Carolina.

B. In addition to heavy losses in the South, George Washington

was unhappy that oooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooo joined the British.

C. “Swamp Fox”, or oooooooooooo ooooooooooo , became known for successful raidson the British.

D. At the Battle of Cowpens, General


defeated the British.

E. The Battle of Guilford Courthouse took place in

oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

II. African Americans and the War

A. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooffered enslaved persons their free-dom in return for military service.

B. The first African American to diefor the revolutionary cause hadbeen


ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

C. Fellow soldiers recommended thatthe Continental Congress

recognizeoooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooo for his bravery.

D. As a result of the war efforts of

African Americans, oooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , and

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo attempted toend slavery in their states.

III. Women and the War

A. With men away at war, women ran

family oooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooo .

B. One woman who carried waterpitchers to soldiers came to be

known as oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


C. Two other women who helped the war effort were the spy


oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and the

journalist ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


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Victory at YorktownDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the sectionand answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Who was the British commander at

Yorktown? ooooooooooooo oooooooooo ooooooooooooooo

2. What geographic feature of Yorktownmade it a good military site?



3. Who was the commander of the

French fleet? ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo


4. How did François de Grasse keep theBritish from getting supplies?




5. What four commanders and their

troops met at Yorktown?

oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

6. When did the British request a cease-

fire? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

7. Where were the official details of theterms of peace worked out?


8. What three delegates from theContinental Congress representedAmerica at the negotiations?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,



9. Where were the new boundaries of theUnited States in the West?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

10. Where were the boundaries of theUnited States in the North?


11. Where were the boundaries of theUnited States in the South?


12. Where did George Washington goafter the war ended?



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Forming a UnionDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Because the colonists felt con-cerned about giving too much powerto too few, they divided power amongbranches of government.

1. Detail: The legislative branch became

the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo branch.

2. Detail: All states except oooooooooooooooooooo


created bicameral, or two-house,legislatures.

3. Detail: A state ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooheaded each executive branch.

4. Detail: Rights spelled out in a bill of

rights included ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: Although many states wereunwilling to turn power over to anational government, the congressfinally drafted the Articles ofConfederation.

5. Detail: At first the state of


would not ratify the Articles becauseof land claims such as those made byVirginia.

6. Detail: The Articles established aloose alliance among the states rather

than a strong ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


7. Detail: The Articles made the


the national lawmaking body.

Main Idea: The national government wasextremely weak under the Articles ofConfederation.

8. Detail: The national government had

no authority over oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


9. Detail: The Articles made no

provision for a ooooooooooooooooooooooo system.

10. Detail: All states had ooooooooooooo vote(s).

11. Detail: The government could not

collect ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

12. Detail: Without the power to raise

money, congress’s oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooopowers proved useless.

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The Confederation EraDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Settling the West

A. During the Confederation period,the West lay just beyond the


oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo

divided land into townships andprovided the first federal aid for


C. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


made provisions for governing thenew territory and was the first lawin United States history to restrict

the practice of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

D. The five states that arose from theNorthwest Territory were

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooo ,


II. A Failing Economy

A. Worthless money and disputesabout the value of each state’s

currency made oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooamong the states difficult. Some

resorted to a system of oooooooooooooooo .

B. The country entered an economicdepression in which business

activity ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and

unemployment oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

C. After the American Revolution,demand for farm products


D. Farmers who viewed governmentauthorities as tyrants took part in a

rebellion led by oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

E. More than 1,000 upset farmers

attacked an arsenal in ooooooooooooooooooo


F. This rebellion and other problemscaused state leaders to call for aconvention to discuss ways of

revising the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


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The Constitutional ConventionDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Where did the first ConstitutionalConvention take place?


2. Which state did not send a delegate?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. What name was given to those whoattended the convention?


4. Who presided over the proceedings?

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

5. Who arrived with a draft of a completely new framework of

government? ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

6. Why did the delegates decide to keepthe proceedings secret?



7. By what name did James Madison’sproposal come to be known?


8. In Madison’s proposal, what threebranches would the national govern-

ment have? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

9. Which provision of the Virginia Plancaused concern among the smaller

states? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


10. According to the Virginia Plan, whowould choose the President and

national judges? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

11. Who presented the New Jersey Plan?


12. Which states tended to favor the New

Jersey Plan? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

13. What was the compromise that calledfor two senators from all states but avarying number of representatives?

oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

14. What was the compromise that deter-mined how enslaved persons would becounted for both taxation and represen-

tation? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


15. What three delegates refused to sign

the new Constitution? oooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

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A More Perfect UnionDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. One model for the Constitution

was the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , in which member nations governed their ownaffairs but joined together for defense.

2. The idea of limiting the power of aruler was taken from England’s

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

3. Another influence was ooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , who said a government is a contractbetween the ruler and the ruled.

4. The concept of separation of powers

had been proposed by ooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

5. Although the Articles gave the statesmore power, the Constitution dividedpower between the states and the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

6. Among the powers of the federalgovernment are the powers to




and ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

7. State powers included regulating

oooooooooooooooooooooo within their borders.

8. Overlapping powers include the right to

ooooooooooooooooooo , to try ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

and to build oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. The legislative branch of the national

government is called oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

10. The executive branch consists of the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo, oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , and advisers.

11. The highest court in the land is the


12. Instead of citizens directly electing the

President, the ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo votes.

13. On the question of ratification,

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

favored the Constitution, and

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo did not.

14. To respond to objections, people whofavored the Constitution promised to

provide a oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo to protect the people.

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Establishing the New GovernmentDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Shaping a New Government

A. Members of the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo unanimously elected


as President. They elected


as Vice President.

B. Among the many challenges theUnited States faced was its

inability to raise ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

II. The Branches of Government

A. The sponsor of the Bill of Rights

was ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. As part of the executive branch, the

office of oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooowas created by the Judiciary Act of 1789.

C. George Washington appointed


as secretary of state,


as secretary of the treasury, and

oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo as thefirst chief justice.

III. A Nation in Debt

A. The country had borrowed heavily

to finance the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


B. In favor of paying these huge debts

was ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .Others, disagreed. In particular,

people from the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

opposed paying the debts becausemost of their states had alreadypaid off their debts and did notwant to see the power of the stategovernments weakened.

C. A special territory, the oooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

was created so no one state couldclaim the capital city.

IV. The Bank of the United States

A. Alexander Hamilton favored the establishment of a national


B. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooRebellion challenged the power ofthe new federal government tocollect taxes.

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Dealing With Other NationsDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Where did Great Britain still have forts

in the 1790s? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

2. What three Native American groups formed an alliance to resist the takeover of their

lands? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. In what battle did General AnthonyWayne finally crush Native Americanresistance in present-day Ohio?


4. In what treaty did Native Americans inpresent-day Ohio agree to surrender

most of their lands? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


5. With what country did Americansargue over the right to use theMississippi River and the port of New

Orleans for trade? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

6. Why did the United States pay tributeto pirates of the Barbary Coast States?


7. What treaty did France cite when itcalled on the United States for aid?


8. Although George Washington recog-nized the new French Republic, whatdid he issue that made it clear that he

gave no support? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

9. What French diplomat plotted toignore Washington’s order of neutrality?


10. In what two ways did the British government challenge American

neutrality at sea? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


11. As a result of the Jay Treaty, signed in1794, from what part of North America

did Britain withdraw? ooooooooooooooooooooooo


12. What treaty allowed American ships touse the lower Mississippi and to tradethrough the port of New Orleans?


13. In his Farewell Address, what course ofaction in world affairs did Washington

suggest? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

14. What two developments did Washington

warn against? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


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Political Parties DevelopDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Differences divided the newcountry.

1. Detail: A group led by oooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,whose followerssupported most decisions made by thegovernment, was known as the


2. Detail: The opposition group, knownas Democratic-Republicans, was led by

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo and

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: Some issues deeply dividedthe Framers of the Constitution.

3. Detail: George Washington and

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo favored

a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

federal government while oooooooooooooooooo

favored a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo one.

4. Detail: While the Federalists drewmuch of their support from wealthy

people and those living in oooooooooooooooooo


the Democratic-Republicans drewmuch of their support from those

living in the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

5. Detail: A champion of the farmer,

ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo saw cities as evil.

6. Detail: The editor and publisher of theFederalists’ newspaper, the Gazette of

the United States, was oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

7. Detail: Thomas Jefferson and James

Madison choseooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

to start a rival newspaper, the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: Politics dominated the electionof 1796.

8. Detail: The Federalists supported

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo for

President and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo for Vice President.

9. Detail: The Democratic-Republicans

supported oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo for

President and ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooofor Vice President.

10. Detail: The two candidates whoreceived the highest number of votes

were ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

and oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

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Troubled Times for John AdamsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. The French were unhappy with the

oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo whichprotected trade with Great Britain.

2. To avoid war with France, John Adams sent

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo,and Elbridge Gerry to Paris.

3. When France offered a treaty for aprice and the affair became public, thetwo countries moved closer to oooooooooooo .

4. In response to the tensions, Congress

quickly voted to enlarge the ooooooooooooooo


5. When oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

came to power in France, the situation

changed. In the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , France and the United States agreed onterms for peace.

6. Three laws, known as the oooooooooooooooooooActs, supposedly were passed to protectthe country from foreigners living inthe United States. Among other things,these acts gave the President power todeport any foreigner who was

considered oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .


Act made it a crime to speak or writecritically about the government orthose who ran it.

8. The Sedition Act violated the ooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo tothe Constitution.



Resolutions were based on the theoryof states’ rights.

10. As Adams lost support, ThomasJefferson gained it. In many people’sminds, Jefferson stood for more

ooooooooooooooooo and less ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

11. In the election of 1800, both oooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo received anequal number of votes.

12. The oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo calledfor separate ballots for President andVice President.

13. After the election of oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , the Federalist party lost power. Amongits many accomplishments was thecreation of Washington, D.C., planned

by ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

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Jefferson Takes ControlDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Thomas Jefferson regarded hiselection to the presidency as a peacefulrevolution.

1. Detail: Jefferson was sworn in by

Chief Justice ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


2. Detail: Jefferson pleaded for national


after the bitter election.

Main Idea: Jefferson wanted to simplifythe government.

3. Detail: To cut spending, Jefferson

appointed oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooas secretary of the treasury. He wanted

to avoid the high costs of ooooooooooooooooooo


4. Detail: Jefferson also ended all

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo taxes.

5. Detail: Jefferson did not renew the

oooooooooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

Acts, and he oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooothe journalists and others who hadbeen convicted under them.

Main Idea: Jefferson clashed with thejudicial branch.

6. Detail: Jefferson repealed the



7. Detail: Republicans tried to remove

Federalist judges by ooooooooooooooooooooooooooothem.

8. Detail: When Jefferson clashed withMarshall over the judgeship of WilliamMarbury, the Supreme Court ruled thatit could declare a law passed by

Congress to be ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. Detail: The Marbury v. Madison

decision oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

the power of the Supreme Court.

10. Detail: Although the Constitution saidnothing about the Court’s new power

of ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , Jefferson and Congress accepted the ruling.

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The Louisiana PurchaseDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Why was Spain able to stop Americanshippers from using the lower

Mississippi?ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


2. What country had granted the Louisiana

Territory to France? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. Where did Thomas Jefferson fear thatNapoleon Bonaparte would want tobuild an empire?

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

4. Whom did Thomas Jefferson send toFrance to negotiate a purchase of land?


5. Where did rebels gain and regain theirfreedom from France?


6. Why did Napoleon Bonaparte needthe money that selling the LouisianaTerritory would bring him?


7. When did the United States purchase

the Louisiana Territory? ooooooooooooooooooooo

8. How much did the United States payfor it?


9. What group criticized the Louisiana

Purchase? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

10. Whom did Jefferson appoint to explore

the territory? ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo

and oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

11. Where did the expedition begin?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

12. Who served as guide and interpreteras the expedition crossed the Rocky

Mountains? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

13. When did the expedition reach the

Pacific coast? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

14. What United States’s claim did the

expedition strengthen? oooooooooooooooooooooo


15. Who discovered Pikes Peak?


16. Why did Aaron Burr challengeAlexander Hamilton to a duel?




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Troubles With France and BritainDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Piracy in the Mediterranean

A. Pirates from the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


interfered with American trade.

B. War broke out when the UnitedStates refused to pay an increased

amount of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

C. When war was declared on theUnited States, Thomas Jeffersonordered a blockade of the port of


D. An American officer, oooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , led the raidon this port.

E. The war that resulted showed thatthe United States needed a


II. American Neutrality Challenged

A. Jefferson declared that the UnitedStates was neutral in the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Wars.

B. The British practice of impressing


angered the United States government.

C. The British claimed that these

captives were the ooooooooooooooooooooooooo


D. When the British attacked the American warship the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , both sides were outraged.

III. A Ban on Foreign Trade

A. Jefferson placed an embargo on

trade with ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo


B. The Embargo Act was a disasterfor American trade and for

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo popularity.

C. In the election of 1808, oooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo won the presidency.

D. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo replaced the Embargo Act.

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The War HawksDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. To what two regions of the country did James Madison mainly owe his

presidential victory? oooooooooooooooooooooooooo


2. In whose footsteps had Madison

planned to follow? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. Who often assisted Native Americansin their fight against white settlers?


4. Who united Native Americans east of

the Mississippi River? oooooooooooooooooooooooo

5. Which Native American leader wasknown as “The Prophet”?


6. Who was the governor of the Indiana Territory at the time of the

confederation? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


7. What battle took place between theconfederation and the United States

Army? ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo


8. Whose death destroyed the dream of aNative American confederation?


9. What name was given to people whowanted to go to war against Britain?


10. In what two regions of the countrywere anti-British feelings thestrongest?



11. Who called for war to protect freetrade and the rights of sailors?


12. Who called for the conquest of allBritish land in North America?


13. Why did Madison ask Congress for a declaration of war against Britainwhen Great Britain had already decidedto stop interfering with American shipping?



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The War of 1812DIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. When President James Madison sent hiswar message to Congress, he blamedthe British for frontier warfare with


2. The United States entered the war at a

great ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

3. In the first year of the war, Congressfailed to authorize the building of

badly needed oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo . The government had to hire armed

ships called ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

4. One major goal of the war was the

conquest of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

5. William Hull surrendered oooooooooooooooooo

to the British.

6. By joining forces with the ooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , theBritish gained control of much of theNorthwest Territory.

7. The Constitution earned the nickname,

oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , whenit held out against the British attack.

8. A naval officer named ooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo became a herowhen he attacked British warships.

9. A large American army defeated asmaller British and Native American

force at the oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .

10. When the British attacked Washington,

D.C., oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

acted quickly to save many historicgovernment papers.

11. The troops at Fort McHenry protected

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and its harborfrom British attack.

12. During the attack on the fort, oooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

wrote the poem that was later set tomusic as the national anthem.

13. At the oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo , AndrewJackson won a stunning victory overthe British.

14. Delegates to the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooo talked about forming aconfederacy of New England states.

15. The ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ended the fighting.

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Industries Take RootDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. A Revolution in Industry

A. The Industrial Revolution began in


in the middle of the 1700s.

B. The first industry to be affected bythe Industrial Revolution was the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo industry.

C. Revolutionary inventions included

James Hargreaves’s oooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooo , Richard Arkwright’s

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo -powered devicefor producing thread, EdmundCartwright’s steam-powered

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , Eli Whitney’s

ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo, James Watt’s improved design of the

ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , and

Oliver Evans’s first high-pressure


for powering machinery.

II. Industry in the United States

A. Before the American Revolution,the colonies had depended on

ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo for manufactured goods.

B. The first successful cotton mill inthe United States was established

through the efforts of ooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , who carried production secrets from England.

C. Francis Cabot Lowell built powerlooms and a new factory at


D. One of the early supporters of theuse of interchangeable parts was

inventor ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .

III. Industrial Working Conditions

A. Factory workers worked ooooooooooooooo

to oooooooooooooooo hours a day, six days a week in unsafe and unhealthyworking conditions.

B. In response to their working condi-tions, workers organized into


C. The spread of the factory system

caused oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to grow.

D. Cities were still troubled by

problems with oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooo

fire protection, and oooooooooooooooooooooooo


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Moving WestDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Americans and newcomerswent west for land.

1. Detail: Pioneer families often carried

everything in ooooooooooooooooooooooo wagons.

2. Detail: Survival of the pioneersdepended on the long-handled ax and


Main Idea: Pioneers traveled by differentroutes.

3. Detail: Some traveled the WildernessRoad, which had been cleared by


and 30 lumberers.

4. Detail: Others made their way

through the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


over rough wagon roads.

5. Detail: New Yorkers sometimes

traveled across the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo valley to ooooooooooooooooooooo


Main Idea: Many improvements in roadtravel were made at this time.

6. Detail: Private companies began

constructing oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , or toll roads.

7. Detail: The building of the National

Road was paid for with oooooooooooooooooooooofunds.

Main Idea: Rivers were an importantmeans of travel, but challenges of rivertravel had to be overcome.

8. Detail: Robert Fulton’s oooooooooooooooooooooomarked the beginning of a new era inwater travel.

9. Detail: For moving heavy goods,

Americans depended on oooooooooooooooooo .

10. Detail: The ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooconnected the Great Lakes with theMohawk and Hudson Rivers. It was sosuccessful that other, similar water-ways were built.

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Nationalism and SectionalismDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. The ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

stirred strong feelings of nationalism.

2. At the time a Republican President and Congress, and support for theRepublican party united the nation. It was the Era of

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

3. President ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

was reelected without opposition.

4. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

proposed a national system forimproving the country called the


5. State banks had made too many loansand placed too much money in

circulation. The result was oooooooooooooooo .

6. Tariffs made oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooogoods more expensive and protectedAmerican industries.

7. Three Supreme Court cases supportedthe powers of the national government

over oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo governments.

8. In the early 1800s, three distinct sec-tions developed in the country: the

oooooooooooooooooooooooo , the ooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

and the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. Henry Clay represented the ooooooooooooooi

interests; John C. Calhoun represented

the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo interests; and

ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo represented New England’s interests.

10. Sections of the country disagreed over

tariffs, which ooooooooooooooooooooooo disliked.

11. Statehood for Missouri hinged on the

issue of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo . Southerners feared that they wouldlose power if there were more

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo than slave states.

12. The Missouri Compromise, was

proposed by oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

13. The presidential candidates in the election of 1824 represented different

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo of the country.

14. The winner by the most popular votes

was ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , but

ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo

became President. The new adminis-tration was charged with having

made a oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .

15. Andrew Jackson and his supporters

formed the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo party.

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Monroe and Foreign AffairsDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Which governor of Canada advisedParliament to unite Upper and LowerCanada and to allow Canadians to

control local affairs? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


2. Whose military actions focused atten-tion on Florida?



3. Under what treaty did Spain cedeFlorida to the United States?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo

4. Mexico won its freedom from

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in 1821.

5. By 1825 Spain lost all its colonies in

Latin America except ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

6. The United States granted


ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo tothe new countries of Latin America.

7. Spain planned to recapture its colonieswith the help of its European allies.

The oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

and ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,however, opposed this plan.

8. Whom did the Monroe Doctrine sug-gest would protect both of theAmerican continents from Europeancolonization?


9. What country in Europe supported theMonroe Doctrine?


10. Why was a proposal for cooperationbetween the United States and thiscountry turned down?



11. Why did the Monroe Doctrine startleother European nations?



12. Which countries in Europe challengedthe Monroe Doctrine?



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The People’s PresidentDIRECTIONS: Using Headings and Subheadings Locate each heading in yourtextbook. Then use the information under the correct subheading to help youwrite each answer.

I. Broadening Political Power

A. Explain how more people got morepolitical power in the early 1800s.



B. Who lost political power at thistime, and in what way?



C. Explain why nominating conven-tions gave more people morepower in politics than caucuseshad given them.



III. The Disputed Election of 1824

A. Which four Democratic-Republicansran for office in the election of 1824?



B. Who won the popular vote?



C. Why didn’t Andrew Jacksonbecome President?



D. How did John Quincy Adamsbecome President?



III. New Political Parties

A. Write the name of each party afterthe candidate(s) it supported.

1. Adams and Henry Clay

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

2. Jackson

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

B. Who ran for President in 1828?


C. Jackson won a landslide victory inthe election of 1828. Where did hissupport come from?

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo



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A New Spirit in the White HouseDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Use yourtextbook to identify key ideas in this section.

The Spoils System

1. What were the spoils of a political vic-tory according to Andrew Jackson?



2. Who gave out the “spoils,” orrewards?


3. Who received the “spoils,” or rewards?


4. When did the spoils system come intobeing?



5. How did Jackson justify the spoils system?




6. What was the kitchen cabinet?




War with the Bank

7. Who fought whom in the “war withthe Bank”?



8. Why didn’t Jackson like the Bank ofthe United States?



9. How did Henry Clay get involved inthe “war”?


10. Who won the “war”?


11. Where did the money go?


12. What role did Roger Taney play?



13. What happened when Nicholas Biddlerestricted the flow of money?



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Crisis and ConflictDIRECTIONS: Identifying Main Ideas and Details Read each main idea. Useyour textbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Because the Tariff ofAbominations taxed imports, people indifferent parts of the country had dif-ferent responses to it.

1. Detail: The Northern manufacturersand Western farmers liked the tariff

because oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


2. Detail: The Southerners hated the tariff because


Main Idea: The Tariff of Abominationsbrought forth two basic and opposingideas about government.

3. Detail: The argument for states’ rightssaid


4. Detail: The argument in favor of theUnion said


Main Idea: Andrew Jackson and JohnC. Calhoun disagreed sharply on theissue of states’ rights.

5. Detail: Calhoun believed


6. Detail: Jackson believed


Main Idea: South Carolina wanted toleave the Union if the federal govern-ment challenged its right to nullify thetariff, or to say it was not a law.

7. Detail: Congress responded by



8. Detail: In response to Congress’saction, South Carolina


Main Idea: Jackson believed NativeAmericans should give up their landsto settlers.

9. Detail: He ignored a Supreme Courtruling that said


10. Detail: He convinced his supportersto pass


11. Detail: The Cherokee were removedfrom their lands and sent on a longjourney that has come to be known as


12. Detail: Resistance to federal troops bythe Seminoles was led by


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The End of the Jacksonian EraDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Use your textbook to write an answer to each question.

1. Who was Andrew Jackson’s hand-picked successor?



2. Why was the printing of so muchpaper money a problem?




3. Why did land prices keep going up?



4. What caused land prices to fall quickly?



5. What event in the South worsened theeconomic crisis?



6. What event in the West worsened theeconomic crisis?



7. What happened in the Panic of 1837?



8. What step did Martin Van Buren taketo prevent bank crises in the future?



9. Who was the Whig candidate in theelection of 1840?



10. What untruthful symbol misrepresentedWilliam Henry Harrison to the public?


11. Which two people does the slogan,“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” refer to?



12. How did John Tyler become President?




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The Oregon CountryDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where and How Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. What landform bounded the Oregon

Country on the east? oooooooooooooooooooooooooo


2. What body of water bounded theOregon Country on the west?

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. How did Europeans and Americansrespond to Native American claims to

land in the Oregon Country? oooooooooooooo


4. What four nations tried to take control of the Oregon Country?

ooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

5. Who named the Columbia River andprovided the basis for the United

States’s claim? ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

6. What two countries agreed to share theOregon Country for 10 years?

ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo

7. Why did mountain men head to ameeting place called the rendezvous?



8. Who explored what is now Yellowstone

National Park? oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

9. Where, along what river, did Manuel Lisa found Fort Manuel?

oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo

10. Why did mountain men find themselves out of work in the late

1830s and 1840s? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo



11. Where did the Oregon Trail begin and

end? oooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooo ; oooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo

12. How did families travel on the Oregon

Trail? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

13. What diseases killed many travelers on

the Oregon Trail? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


14. Who used the campaign slogan “Fifty-

four forty or fight”? ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo

15. When did Oregon become a territory?


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Texas IndependenceDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Colonizing Texas

A. In 1820, Texas was settled by a fewAmericans, many Native

Americans, and about 3,000

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo persuadedthe Mexican government to let himbring settlers to the area.

C. Those settlers became citizens of

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

D. One source of conflict between theOld Three Hundred and theMexican government arose over

the right to hold ooooooooooooooooooooooo .

E. In 1833, Stephen Austin petitionedthe Mexican government for the

creation of a oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo .

II. The Fight for Independence

A. Austin was imprisoned by the newhead of the Mexican government,

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .

B. In October 1835, Antonio López deSanta Anna sent troops to the Texas

town of ooooooooooooooooooooooo . Thisaction began the Texas war forindependence.

C. ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo took command of the Texas army.

D. Defenders at the oooooooooooooooooooincluded William Travis, JimBowie, and Davy Crockett.

E. In the ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo ,about 350 Texans were executed byMexican firing squads.

F. Tejano leader, ooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo fought at the Alamoand the Battle of San Jacinto.

G. After the war, Sam Houstonbecame president of a new independent nation named the


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War With MexicoDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Although the United Statesrecognized the Republic of Texas in1837, Texas was not immediatelyannexed.

1. Detail: Like some Texans, manyAmericans felt their country had a

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo , or an obvious future of expansion.

2. Detail: Because of the slavery issue,

ooooooooooooooooooooo favored annexing Texas,

while ooooooooooooooooooooo did not.

3. Detail: When Texas was admitted, its

border with oooooooooooooooooooooooo was stillundetermined.

Main Idea: President James K. Polk ledthe nation into the war with Mexico.

4. Detail: United States troops were sent to set up posts just north of the

Rio Grande. ooooooooooooooooooooooo claimedthis area as its southern boundary, but

ooooooooooooooooooooooo disputed the claim.

5. Detail: Among other critics of the war,

ooooooooooooooooooooooo considered the war aSouthern plot to add more slave statesto the Union.

Main Idea: The war led American forces in several directions and hadsignificant territorial results.

6. Detail: General oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

headed toward Monterrey;

General oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo pushedsouth to Mexico City; and General

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo went to NewMexico and California.

7. Detail: Rebels against the Mexicangovernment announced the creation of

the oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

in California in 1846.

8. Detail: Under the terms of the Treaty

of oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , Mexicansgave up all the area known as Californiaand New Mexico. This area has since

become known as the oooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooo .

9. Detail: As a result of the oooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo , in which the United Statesacquired still more territory fromMexico, the country stretched from theAtlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

10. Detail: Mexicans living in the newlyacquired territory became American

oooooooooooooooooooooo , but they still faced abattle in protecting their rights.

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Spanning a ContinentDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Who led his followers to Utah’s Salt

Lake Valley? oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

2. What term did most people use to referto the group that called itself theChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-

day Saints? oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. Who founded this new Christiangroup that eventually made its home

in Utah? oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo

4. What caused these settlers to seek a

location in the Far West? oooooooooooooooooooo



5. Where was gold first discovered in

California in 1848? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


6. Gold seekers who went to California

became known as the oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo , for the year, 1849.

7. By what two routes did gold seekers

sail to San Francisco? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo



8. By what two overland trails did goldseekers travel to California?

ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo

9. Who often took the law into their own

hands in mining towns? ooooooooooooooooooooo

10. What did the California constitution

prohibit? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

11. What did the national government create in 1824 to attempt to reduceNative American land claims?

ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo

12. How did the state of California discriminate against Chinese miners?



13. What city within a city did the Chinese

create in San Francisco? oooooooooooooooooooooo

14. Why did so many ghost towns come

into being in California? ooooooooooooooooooooo


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Literature, Art, and ScienceDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. Published in 1820, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo Sketch Book, included

oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.”

2. James Fenimore Cooper created

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , the first American fictional hero.

3. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novels includedThe House of the Seven Gables and

ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .

4. Moby Dick was written by


5. The first African American to publish

fiction was oooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo oooooooooo .

6. An early American horror writer was

oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .

7. Writer oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooinfluenced the women’s movement;

serial writers included ooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .

8. The poet oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo recreated Americanlegends.

9. Important poets were oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo , who cried outagainst slavery; Walt Whitman, who

wrote Leaves of Grass; and oooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooo , who was widely readafter her death.

10. oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo

regarded Ralph Waldo Emerson as his “spiritual father.”

11. Hudson River School painters

were ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo and Asher Durand. Famous genre painterswere George Caleb Bingham and



12. Painter oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo

painted Native Americans.

13. Scientists of the era included oooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo , who discovered a comet;

ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , who inventedan electromagnetic motor; and

ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo , who developed ways to predict winds and ocean tides.

14. Medical pioneers were Dr. Crawford

Long and Dr. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo , who developed ether.

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Calls for Widespread EducationDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Early Education in the United States

A. Few oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo

were allowed to attend school.

B. The educational system was differ-ent in different parts of the country.

In New England the ooooooooooooooooooooo

paid for the schools. In the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , few townsexisted to provide schools.

C. In the South wealthy planters

hired oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooofor their children and later sent

them to oooooooooooooooooooo to finishtheir education.

II. Educational Reform

A. The campaign for common schools

was led by oooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .

B. The first state board of education

was established in oooooooooooooooooooooo .

C. Among the schoolbooks that wereused to introduce American values to immigrants were

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

III. Women, Minorities, and Schools

A. Reformers oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , and

oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo started schools that taught serious subjectsto women.

B. Quaker ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo

opened her school in Connecticutto African American girls from allover the Northeast.

C. Almost none of the institutions ofhigher learning allowed AfricanAmericans to attend. Two excep-

tions were ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

and oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo .

D. The first free school for hearing-impaired students was opened by


in Hartford, Connecticut.

E. Hired by the state of Massachusetts,Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe organized

the oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo .

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Social and Cultural ChangeDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Reformers such as DorotheaDix worked to change American think-ing about prisons and their inmates.

1. Detail: Reformer ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo

led a pamphlet crusade against crueltyin New England prisons.

2. Detail: In Boston and other places,

oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

began taking in child offenders.

3. Detail: As a result of a report written

by oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , Massachusetts passed a law to buildmental hospitals where mental illnesscould be treated as a disease ratherthan a crime.

Main Idea: Reformers also targeted theabuse of alcohol.

4. Detail: The crusade for the nation-wide prohibition of alcohol was led by


of Virginia.

5. Detail: Northern and Southern tem-

perance societies used ooooooooooooooooooo towin support for their cause.

6. Detail: The first state to ban the manufacture and sale of alcoholic

drinks was oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: A reawakening of religiousfaith and social feeling occurred in theearly 1800s.

7. Detail: As part of the Second GreatAwakening, preachers urged listenersto renew their faith and cure the evils

of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

8. Detail: Ideal communities werefounded. Among these was a commu-nity at New Harmony, Indiana,founded by



established communal living in Ohio

and later in Utah. The oooooooooooooooooooooo , founded by Ann Lee, also establishedcommunal living.

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The Antislavery MovementDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questionsbelow. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. What group organized the first anti-slavery society?


2. What society recruited AfricanAmericans to settle in Liberia?

oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo

3. Who started the first African American

newspaper? oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo

and ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

4. Who directly addressed enslaved per-sons in his pamphlet An Appeal to theColoured Citizens of the World?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

5. Who founded the antislavery news-paper called The Liberator?

ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

6. Unlike earlier antislavery societies,what did societies formed in the 1830sdemand?


7. What do Sisters Angelina and SarahGrimké, Elijah Lovejoy, HoraceGreeley, and Wendell Phillips have incommon?


8. Who was born into slavery in NewYork, gained her freedom, and becamean antislavery crusader?


9. What African American edited the abolitionist journal called the North

Star? ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

10. Enslaved African Americans escapedto the North or Canada by traveling on

the ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

11. Who was the most famous conductoron the Underground Railroad?

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

12. Many Northerners who disapproved ofthe abolitionist movement dependedon what product from the South?


13. What abolitionist was killed by angry

Northerners? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


14. What way of life did the antislavery

movement threaten? oooooooooooooooooooooooo


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The Women’s Rights MovementDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the sectionand answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Why did many female abolitionistsbecome crusaders for women’s rights?



2. When did women actually have fewerrights than they had had in colonial

times? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. Who observed that “there exists in theminds of men a tone of feeling towardwomen as towards slaves”?



4. Why did audiences criticize femaleantislavery speakers?



5. Where were women barred fromattending the World Anti-Slavery

Convention? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

6. What two women, who were notallowed to attend that convention,decided to form a society to work forwomen’s rights?



7. When did the first women’s rights

convention open? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

8. Where was it held? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


9. What proposed right caused a heateddebate at the convention?



10. What did the Seneca Falls Conventionmark the beginning of?


11. How did most politicians treat theissue of women’s rights?



12. Who became known as “the morningstar of the women’s rights movement”?


13. Who became one of the first women tourge full participation of AfricanAmericans in the women’s rights

movement? ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo

14. What female African American abolitionist also spoke in defense of

women’s rights?oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

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The Changing NorthDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. Before steamboats what kinds of boatsdid Americans depend on to carry passengers and goods downriver?


2. Who built the steamboat that was ableto carry goods and passengers long

distances? ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo

3. What two inventors made improve-ments to the design of the Clermont?

ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo and


4. What were the swift sailing ships thatmade the trip from China to the United

States in six months? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

5. Who designed the first clipper ship?


6. Who was the builder of the fastest clipper ships?

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

7. What canal shortened the voyagebetween New York and China by 4,000

miles? ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo

8. What means of transportation quickly

replaced steamboats? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

9. The first successful use of a steam loco-motive in the United States occurred on

the oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooorailroad line.

10. Who invented the telegraph?

oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooo ooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

11. What two inventors pioneered newtypes of farm machinery, and what dideach invent?




12. What labor-saving invention wasdeveloped by both Walter Hunt andElias Howe?


13. Who joined up with Elias Howe tomass-produce this invention?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

14. The sewing machine helped business

move from the ooooooooooooo to ooooooooooooooo .

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Life in the NorthDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo

in Lawrence, Massachusetts, collapsedin 1860.

2. In the early textile mills in NewEngland, owners liked to hire oooooooooooo .

3. When the demand for goods increased,

factories multiplied. Wages oooooooooooooooo

and working hours oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

4. The Pemberton Mill tragedy showed the

owners’ lack of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooofor workers.

5. The oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooodelayed progress in the labor unionmovement.

6. Most early strikes oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

7. In 1842 a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocourt declared that workers had a legalright to strike.

8. One out of every ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

Americans was born in a foreign country by 1860.

9. When a revolution in ooooooooooooooooooooooooofailed, thousands of its citizens fled tothe United States.

10. About 40 percent of all immigrants

came from ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

11. Most Irish immigrants settled near theeastern coast in cities such as

oooooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooo .

12. Two leaders of the labor movement

were Irish American oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and Irish-born


13. Nativists feared new immigrants. Theyespecially distrusted those who

practiced the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooreligion.

14. Nativists formed the oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooo to try to pass laws thatwould keep immigrants from partici-pating in politics.

15. African Americans in the North werefree, but they were not treated fairly.For example, they could not serve on a

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , be elected to

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , or work in the same building with whites.

16. Despite the obstacles, one AfricanAmerican who established a successful

sail-making factory was ooooooooooooooooooooo


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The Cotton KingdomDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. The Southern Economy

A. The South purchased most of itsmanufactured goods from the


B. The South had few cities and its

cities were small; only oooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo compared insize with Northern cities.

C. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooowere a class of Southern citizenswho lived on small farms.

D. The South was a land of chiefly

small oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

and large ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

II. The Cotton Gin

A. After the American Revolution,Southern cotton was in demand

from ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo .

B. The cotton gin was invented by

ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , with the help of a suggestion from


C. By the time Whitney received apatent for the cotton gin, Southern

planters already had oooooooooooooooooooohis invention.

D. After the invention of the cottongin, cotton became the South’sbiggest cash crop and the chief

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo of theUnited States.

E. As cotton production increased,plantations moved west and southand sprang up in southern

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooo ,


F. The invention of the cotton gin

made oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

labor once again profitable in theSouth.

G. By 1860 the number of enslaved persons in the South was


H. The demand for enslaved workersoutstripped the supply and caused

an increase in ooooooooooooooooo from theWest Indies.

I. As prices for enslaved workersspiraled upward, the large invest-ments made Southern plantationowners even more reluctant to

oooooooooooo enslaved workers.

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Life in the SouthDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Different classes of peoplemade up Southern society.

1. Detail: Only about one- ooooooooooooooooooooo

of all white Southerners held slaves.

2. Detail: Wealthy oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

cultivated the best land and enslaved50 to 200 or more people.

3. The yeomanry were ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo who made up a large part of the South’spopulation.

4. A small percentage of the Southern

population consisted of oooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooo , who rented their landor lived on the rugged frontier.

5. Free African Americans had to liveseparate from whites. They also had to

register, wear special oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

and pay special ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: Enslaved African Americansfaced endless work, regulations, anddeprivation.

6. Detail: Most enslaved African Ameri-

cans labored in the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

7. Detail: Even young oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

had to labor and faced punishmentfrom overseers.

8. Detail: Slave codes denied slaves basichuman rights. For example, African

Americans could not own oooooooooooooooooo

or ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. In most states it was oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo to teach anAfrican American to read or write.

10. Detail: Enslaved persons were oftenseparated from their families at


Main Idea: African Americans gainedstrength through families and religion;they showed strength through resis-tance and rebellion.

11. Detail: Enslaved persons adapted

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to fit their needsand expressed hope through spirituals.

12. Detail: In 1822 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooo organized an unsuccessfulrevolt that led to his execution.

13. Detail: In 1831 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo led a bloody revoltin Virginia.

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Settling DifferencesDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. The question of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooin the Mexican Cession divided thecountry.

2. The House of Representatives passed

the oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo ,which tried to outlaw slavery in allterritory acquired from Mexico, but the Senate defeated it.

3. The debate over slavery in the terri-tories strengthened feelings of

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in the country.

4. Senator ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ofMichigan recommended that voterswho lived in a territory should decidewhether the states they formed shouldbe slave or free.

5. Democrat oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ,

Whig oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo , and

Free-Soiler oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooran for President in the election of

1848. oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo won.

6. Leaders from the ooooooooooooooooooo threat-ened to leave the Union if it admittedCalifornia as a free state.

7. Early threats of secession came from

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ofSouth Carolina.

8. ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo proposed theCompromise of 1850.

9. The Compromise of 1850 admitted

oooooooooooooo to the Union as a free state;organized New Mexico and Utah as

territories with oooooooooooo oooooooooooo;

paid ooooooooooo for giving up some terri-tory in New Mexico; ended the slave

trade in the oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooo; and passed a strict law

enforcing the return of ooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooo .

10. Daniel Webster, an opponent of slavery,agreed with the Compromise of 1850

because he wanted to save the ooooooooooo .

11. The proposals that made up theCompromise of 1850 were guided into

law by ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo .

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Moving Closer to ConflictDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: The Fugitive Slave Actaroused deep anger in the North.

1. Detail: In response to the new law,Underground Railroad conductor

oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo beganguiding runaway slaves all the way toCanada.

2. Detail: One of the famous “slave

narratives,” written by ooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo and published by WilliamLloyd Garrison, helped gain supportfor the abolitionist movement.

3. Detail: The novel ooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , by HarrietBeecher Stowe, swayed Northernersagainst slavery and turnedSoutherners against the North.

Main Idea: The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act further divided the country.

4. Detail: Northerners were outraged bythe Kansas-Nebraska Act because it

effectively canceled the oooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo and opened the oooooooooooooto the possibility of slavery.

5. Detail: Proslavery groups moved toKansas. Free-Soilers responded.

Settlers built the town of oooooooooooooooooo .

6. Detail: Groups of drifters known as

ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo crossed theborder and voted illegally for aproslavery government.

7. Detail: When proslavery Kansanskilled abolitionists, the abolitionist

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo took revenge.

8. Detail: Violence even erupted in the

Senate, where ooooooooooooo oooooooooooo beatSenator Charles Sumner with a canebecause he had viciously denouncedSouthern slaveholders.

Main Idea: The Dred Scott decision alsodivided the country.

9. Detail: Dred Scott was a slave whohad lived in free territory. With thehelp of antislavery lawyers, his suit for freedom eventually was judged

by the ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .

10. Detail: Chief Justice oooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooo delivered the opinion that

Scott had ooooooooooooo oooooooooooo to sue ina federal court.

11. Detail: The Court also ruled that theMissouri Compromise ban on slaverynorth of the 36°308 line was unconstitu-

tional; this meant that the ooooooooooooooooooprotected slavery.

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A New Political PartyDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questionsbelow. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. From what groups did the Republican

party form? oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

2. Whom did the Republicans nominateas their first presidential candidate in

1856? oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo

3. Whom did the Democratic party nomi-nate in the same election?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

4. What party nominated formerPresident Millard Fillmore in the same

election? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

5. Who won the election, and from whatregion did he gain most of his support?

oooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooo

6. To which party did Abraham Lincolnbelong before joining the Republicans?


7. For which office did Lincoln runagainst Stephen A. Douglas?

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

8. What was Douglas’s nickname?


9. What did Douglas label Lincoln and

his party? ooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo

10. Douglas ridiculed one of Lincoln’spositions on African Americans.

Which position was it? ooooooooooooooooooooo


11. What question did Lincoln askDouglas during the debates that

trapped Douglas? ooooooooooooooooooooo



12. What answer did Douglas give to the

question above? ooooooooooooooooooooo


13. What did Douglas’s answer come to be

called? ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

14. Who won the 1858 senatorial election?

ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

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Election of 1860 and SecessionDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. An Uneasy Decade

A. A serious depression hit the

oooooooooooooooo in 1857.

B. John Brown and his men invaded a

federal armory in oooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooo , Virginia, in 1859.

C. Many Northern abolitionistsbelieved that Brown’s execution

would give their cause a oooooooooooooooo

and a ooooooooooooo . Many Southernersbecame more fearful about the pos-

sibility of a ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo .

II. The Election of 1860

A. The Democratic Convention held

in ooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooo split theDemocratic party. Northern

Democrats nominated oooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooo for President. Southern

Democrats chose oooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooo .

B. The Republicans nominated

ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo forPresident.

The Republican platform also

called for a oooooooooooo oooooooooooo , a

ooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , and a

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .

C. In the election, Abraham Lincolncarried every free state except

ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

III. Moving Toward Secession

A. A few days after the election,United States senators from

ooooooooooooo resigned from Congress.

B. Among Southerners who tried to

save the Union were ooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooo of Georgia and

oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo ofKentucky, who proposed severalconstitutional amendments. Lincolnopposed his ideas, which were

known as the oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo .

C. The first state to secede in ooooooooooo

was ooooooooooooo oooooooooo . After morestates seceded, the new nation of

the oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooo was formed.

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The War BeginsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. Federal property included ooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .

2. Major ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo was the

federal officer in charge of ooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo in the harbor ofCharleston, South Carolina.

3. General oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooosurrounded the fort with cannons.

4. When the general learned of anapproaching Union fleet, a bombard-ment began. On the second day,

ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo surrendered.

5. Almost immediately, the oooooooooooooooooo

declared war on the oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

6. Abraham Lincoln did not make aboli-tion the goal of the war because not allNortherners agreed on the issue. Healso wanted to hold on to the

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

7. The state of oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooowas formed as a result of Southernsecession.

8. One reason why Lincoln held so firmly

to the border state of ooooooooooooooooo wasthat its secession would leave theUnion capital in enemy territory.

9. Lincoln also wanted to hold onto the

states of oooooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooobecause they controlled the Mississippiand Ohio Rivers.

10. Advantages of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooincluded a tradition of military excel-lence and the goal of protecting theirway of life.

11. Advantages of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooincluded a larger population and manyfactories and railroads.

12. For the most part, amateurs led amateurs

in the oooooooooooooooooooooo army.

13. At first the Union army was led by

oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo . Eventually,Lincoln discovered his best leader,

ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo .

14. Jefferson Davis chose oooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to lead the

battles in the West and oooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in the East.

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The War in the EastDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read thesection and refer to your textbook to write the answers to the questions.

1. Who commanded the Confederatetroops at the First Battle of Bull Run?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

2. What was another name for the Union army?


3. How did General Thomas Jackson earn

the nickname “Stonewall”? oooooooooooooooo


4. Who won the First Battle of Bull Run?


5. Who led the Union troops on a cam-paign that had as its goal the capture

of Richmond? oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

6. What series of battles in June 1862 led

to George McClellan’s retreat? ooooooooo

oooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

7. Who won the Second Battle of Bull

Run? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

8. How did some goods slip through theblockade to reach the South?


9. What battle occurred near Sharpsburg,Maryland, and resulted in huge casual-

ties on both sides? oooooooooooo oooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooo

10. Why did Abraham Lincoln make thedecision to end slavery?


11. When did the Emancipation

Proclamation take effect? oooooooooooooo

12. How did the EmancipationProclamation discourage foreignpowers from aiding the South?



13. What permitted African Americans to

fight for the North? ooooooooooo oooooooooooooo

14. What Union generals did Robert E. Leedefeat at Fredericksburg and

Chancellorsville? ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo

15. What speech reminded Americans thattheir government “of the people, by thepeople, and for the people, [would] notperish from the earth”?


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The War in the WestDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Taking the Mississippi Valley

A. The North and the South both

fought to control the oooooooooooooooooo .

B. ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo began theUnion advance by attacking twoconfederate forts.

C. Ulysses S. Grant demanded anunconditional surrender at

oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

D. Troops led by oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooo attacked Grant’s troopson the Tennessee-Mississippi border.

II. Surprise at Shiloh

A. The two-day battle of ooooooooooooooo

in ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo , slowedthe Union advance.

B. Confederate General ooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooosurprised and attacked Grant’stroops.

C. Grant’s troops had stopped theConfederates from retaking

western oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

III. Capturing the South’s Highways

A. The city of oooooooooooooooooooooooooo wasimportant to the South becausesupplies from the West poured intothe South through it.

B. Grant’s strategy was to capture

ooooooooooooooooo , Mississippi, beforecapturing Vicksburg.

C. To capture Vicksburg, Grant laid

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo to it, and shelledthe city day and night for morethan six weeks.

D. The oooooooooooooooo surrendered at

Vicksburg on oooooooooooooo , oooooooooooo .

E. The Confederates’ last importantvictory in the Civil War was at

ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

F. The Union victory at ooooooooooooooooooooosignaled the defeat of the South inthe West.

IV. Success in the West

A. After the Confederate army retreated to Georgia, the Union had achieved two of its three goals.Now Northerners had to carry outthe final step—invading the

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .

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Behind the LinesDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Both Union and Confederateleaders increased their powers to raiseand supply their armies, finance thewar, and suppress antiwar opinions.

1. Detail: A faction of Northern

Democrats, called ooooooooooooo oooooooooooo ,or Copperheads, called for an end tothe war at any price.

2. Detail: Abraham Lincoln silencedsome opposition newspapers by deny-

ing the use of the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .He used the army to shut down others.

3. Detail: Many Southerners resisted acentral government and refused to pay

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: Both sides faced the challengeof raising armies.

4. Detail: Both the North and the South

enforced ooooooooooooooooooooooo , or a draft.

5. Detail: In the North, a man couldexcuse himself from the draft by

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo or by hiring a substitute.

6. Detail: In the North, opposition to the

draft led to ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo inseveral cities.

Main Idea: While the North’s economygrew stronger during the war, theSouth’s economy weakened.

7. Detail: The North paid for the war by

collecting oooooooooooooooooooooooo , and by

issuing oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .

8. Detail: When the South printed paper

money, this drastically oooooooooooooooo theprice of everyday goods.

9. Detail: The South lacked the

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo toprovide some necessities toConfederate soldiers.

Main Idea: War brought suffering,disease, and death.

10. Detail: More than half of those whodied in the Civil War died from

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and not frombattle injuries.

11. Detail: Among the many women whoplayed a vital role in the care of the

wounded and dying were ooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .

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Surrender at AppomattoxDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questionsbelow. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. What war policy meant thatConfederate civilians would suffer as much as Confederate soldiers?


2. Who carried out the destruction of theShenandoah Valley of Virginia?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

3. Who marched across Georgia toSavannah and the sea, destroyingeverything in the Union army’s path?

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

4. After destroying Savannah, whatSouthern city did the Union soldiers

head north to destroy? ooooooooooooooooooooo

5. What name did the Republicans givethemselves in the election of 1864?


6. Who ran against Abraham Lincoln inthe election of 1864?


7. Who won the election of 1864?


8. While part of the Union army marchedto the sea, at what three sites inVirginia did Ulysses S. Grant and

Robert E. Lee’s armies fight? oooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ,

and oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

9. Why was the Southern defense ofPetersburg crucial to the defense of

Richmond? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


10. What military strategy did Grant use

to take Petersburg? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

11. Where did Lee’s surrender to Grant

take place?oooooooooooo oooooooooooo oooooooooooo

12. In the terms of the surrender, what threethings did Grant give Lee’s soldiers, or

permit them to keep? ooooooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooooo , and a ooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooo

13. When did the Civil War finally end?


14. How many days after Lee’s surrenderwas President Lincoln assassinated?


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Restoring the UnionDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Planning for Reconstruction

A. Among the provisions of Abraham

Lincoln’s oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo was a call for amnesty, or officialforgiveness.

B. Lincoln also supported adding a

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo to permanently abolish slavery.

C. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooconsidered Lincoln’s Reconstructionplan too mild. Congress instead

passed the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , which proposed putting the South undermilitary rule.

D. The oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooowas at first rejected by the Houseof Representatives, but eventuallybecame law in December 1865.

II. Extending the Olive Branch

A. At ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo secondinauguration, in 1865, he gave thefamous speech that included thephrase “with malice toward none.”

B. ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooobecame the first African Americanto attend an inaugural receptionand exchange opinions with thePresident.

III. The Assassination

A. Actor ooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo shot Lincoln in the head.

B. Although most viewed Lincoln’s

death as a tragedy, some oooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooo viewed his death withrelief.

C. Thousands of men, women, andchildren watched and wept asLincoln’s funeral train traveledfrom Washington, D.C., to

ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .

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President and Congress ClashDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. Following Abraham Lincoln’s

assassination, ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo

became President.

2. The new President cared little about the

rights of oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo ,a point on which he clashed withRadical Republicans.

3. Under Johnson’s Reconstruction plan,Southerners were asked to sign an oath

of loyalty, to ratify the oooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooo , to declare oooooooooooooooooooooillegal, and to agree not to pay

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

4. Black codes were designed to reestablish white control over

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

5. Radical Republican leaders oooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

fought for African Americans’ rights.

6. When Johnson vetoed a bill tostrengthen the Freedmen’s Bureau,Radical Republicans passed the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo .

7. According to the FourteenthAmendment, citizenship includes


and denied the oooooooooooooooooooooo to mostformer Confederate leaders.

8. The election of 1866 was a landslide for

the oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,who gained control of both the Houseand Senate.

9. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 placedthe South under

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

10. In 1867 Congress also passed the


oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo Act,which severely limited the President’spower as commander in chief.

11. When Johnson dismissed

oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo , secretaryof war, Thaddeus Stevens asked the

oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

to impeach Johnson. The impeachment

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

12. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,presidential candidate of the RadicalRepublicans, won the 1868 election.

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The South During ReconstructionDIRECTIONS: Recalling Information Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. What did many Southerners lose afterthe war because they could not pay

their debts or taxes? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

2. What two types of farming did landlessAfrican Americans and whites do?


3. At first the Freedman’s Bureau gavefood and clothing to all families in theSouth. In addition to these services,what were at least four other ways inwhich the Bureau tried to help African

Americans? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo




4. For whom was Howard Universitynamed, and why was it named after

him? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


5. Who organized the Ku Klux Klan?


6. Who used the Civil Rights Act of 1871to arrest Klansmen and attempt torestore law and order in the South?


7. To whom did the Fifteenth Amendment

extend the right to vote? oooooooooooooooooooo


8. What two African Americans didMississippi elect to the Senate?



9. What African American Civil War herodid South Carolina elect to the House

of Representatives? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


10. To what two groups of people, manyof whom truly wanted to help theSouth, did Southerners give insulting

names? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


11. What bill introduced by CharlesSumner and opposed by AlexanderStephens of Georgia, and others,offered civil freedom to African

Americans? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


12. When was this bill ruled

unconstitutional? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

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Reconstruction EndsDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: As former Confederatesregained the right to vote, they tried to destroy the Republican party.

1. Detail: In ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooohundreds of white Democrats provokedriots and killed African Americans.

2. Detail: President ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo

refused to stop the violence. FormerAfrican American state senator

ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo led aneffort to distribute weapons to a militiaof whites and African Americans.

3. Detail: In other Southern states,


terrorized and murdered AfricanAmericans to prevent them from voting.

Main Idea: The Republicans also facedproblems from the economy.

4. Detail: The party was hurt by

oooooooooooooooo in the Grant administration.

5. Detail: A ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in 1873caused most Republicans to focus onthe economy rather than on civil rights.

Main Idea: The election of 1876 produceda violent struggle between the parties.

6. Detail: By 1876 in the South,Republicans remained in power only in


ooooooooooooooooooooooo , and ooooooooooooooooooooooo .

7. Detail: Political violence became so

extreme in oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo

that President Ulysses S. Grant sent infederal troops.

8. Detail: Election boards that countedvotes were still headed by

ooooooooooooooooo . They declared oooooooooooooooothe presidential winner.

9. Detail: To resolve the disputed vote,

Congress created an oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , which declaredRutherford B. Hayes President.

10. Detail: A Southern filibuster broughtforth a compromise in which Hayes

agreed to remove oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo from the South,

appoint a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to hiscabinet, and grant economic help.

11. Detail: After Reconstruction, Southern

states passed “oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo” laws, which sepa-rated African Americans from whites.

12. Detail: In Plessy v. Ferguson, theSupreme Court declared that

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo was legal.

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Westward ExpansionDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. When and where was the firsttranscontinental railroad completed?



2. Who were three Americans who grewrich and powerful from the construction

of railroads? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


3. Where did most of the railroad workers

come from? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


4. What name was given to towns thatemptied when miners moved on?


5. Why was there so much opportunity

for profits in cattle raising? ooooooooooooooooo


6. How did the Goodnight-Loving Trail

get its name? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


7. Why did Kansas railroad centersbecome known as cow towns?



8. What are two reasons that the cattle

industry declined? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo



9. What legislation encouraged farmers

to move to the West? oooooooooooooooooooooooooo


10. What were some solutions that pioneerfamilies used to adapt to life on the

Great Plains? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


11. Who led the Sioux off the reservation

in the Black Hills? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


12. When did the Americans capture

Geronimo? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


13. What legislation abolished collectiveland ownership for Native Americans?


14. When and where did the final defeatof the Native Americans occur?



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New American IndustriesDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: The United States changedfrom a nation of farmers to a modern,industrial nation.

1. Detail: Four resources, other than natural resources, that made expansionof American industry possible were

ooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooo ,


2. Detail: Natural resources such as ironore, lead, zinc, and copper formed the

base of oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

in the United States.

3. Detail: Important inventions includeda transatlantic cable laid by


4. oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

developed the telephone.

5. oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

led in the building of the first largepower plants.

6. oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo drilled thefirst oil well.

Main Idea: Wealth became concentratedin the hands of a few.

7. Detail: Business empires in oil, steel,and meatpacking were created by


oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , and

oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .

8. Detail: Rockefeller’s Standard OilCompany, a corporation that controlled90 percent of the oil business in theUnited States by 1878, is an example

of a ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: Workers faced difficult working conditions and diminishingcontrol over their own lives.

9. Detail: The first national union toinclude skilled and unskilled workers

was the oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooo .

10. Detail: The ooooooooooooooooooooooooo becamethe most successful labor group in thecountry.

11. Detail: Few strikes succeededbetween 1865 and 1900. In general the public viewed labor unions in a

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo manner.

12. Government authorities usually sided

with ooooooooooooooooooooooooo rather than with

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

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New Immigrants, Modern CitiesDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Starting Over

A. After 1870 more than one-half ofthe immigrants came from

oooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooo ,

oooooooooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooooooooooo .Most arrived in New York.

B. Most of the immigrants whoentered the country at San

Francisco came from oooooooooooooooooooo

and oooooooooooooooooooo .

II. Immigrants Face Discrimination

A. Immigrants became the target ofhostility. Some people, especiallyworkers, blamed immigrants for

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. Immigrants became easy targetsfor Americans who were disturbed

by rapid oooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooo .

III. Strangers in the City

A. Most immigrants settled in

American oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. African Americans congregated inan area of New York called

oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

C. Terrible living conditions existed in the cities. Americans wereshocked by the photographs that


took of New York slums.

D. Some ministers demanded thatchurches help slum dwellers. They called this action the

“ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .”

E. Reformers campaigned for

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

better oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo and demanded


and plumbing.

F. Fewer people died from diseases

like oooooooooooooooooooooooo and


because of mandatory vaccinations.

G. Settlement houses provided food,education, and health care to immigrant families. The leader ofthe movement to establish these

houses was oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo . She established


in Chicago in 1889.

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Rural and Urban ReformsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. In response to farmers’ problems,


founded the Patrons of Husbandry, or

the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , in 1867.

2. In 1891 farmers created their own

political party called the ooooooooooooooooooo ,

or oooooooooooooooooooooo , party.

3. Farmers called for nationalization in

hopes of ending oooooooooooooooooooooooooooohigh rates.

4. Farmers also wanted ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo to pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes

than ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .

5. In addition, farmers wanted oooooooooooooo ,along with gold, to become the basisfor money.

6. “Goldbugs,” who were oooooooooooooooooooooo

and oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooo pressured Congress tokeep the gold standard because itmeant enormous profits for them.

7. In the election of 1892, Democrat

ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo defeated

Populist oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .

8. In the election of 1896, the Populistand Democratic candidate

oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo

was defeated by the Republican

goldbug candidate, ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

9. The years between 1890 and 1917,

known as the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo era,brought the realization of manyPopulist goals.

10. Progressive President oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo took office afterWilliam McKinley’s assassination.

11. Progressives won an important victorywhen their goal of ending the manu-facture, sale, and transportation ofliquor in the United States passed into

law as the ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo .

12. This was later repealed, however, by the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .

13. Another important Progressive goalwas realized with the ratification of the

ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , which

gave ooooooooooooooooooooooo the right to vote.

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World War I EraDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

I. Becoming a World Power

A. In the late 1800s, the United Statessaw Asia and Latin America as

sources of new ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. In 1898 the United States annexed

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ,to oversee trade with China andJapan.

C. As a result of the Spanish-AmericanWar, the United States gained

oooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooo , and

oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .

D. Theodore Roosevelt used his “bigstick” policy to gain control over the

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ,and helped the Panamanians over-

throw the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

II. World War I

A. The Central Powers were

ooooooooooooooooooooo , the ooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo, and ooooooooooooooooooooo .

B. In 1914 the Allies were ooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooo ,

ooooooooooooooooo , and ooooooooooooooooo , aswell as many smaller nations.

C. Loans to the ooooooooooooooooooooo , the

sinking of the oooooooooooooooooooooo in1915, the possibility of a secretalliance between Germany and

oooooooooooooooooooooo , and the sinking ofthree American ships in 1917 allhelped lead the United States to war.

D. The arrival of ooooooooooooooooooooootroops turned the tide of battle infavor of the Allies.

III. War’s Aftermath

A. By the end of the war, the worldlooked to the United States for

political, as well as ooooooooooooooooooooo ,leadership.

B. Woodrow Wilson’s oooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooo demanded freedom of the seas and a reduced militaryspending. It also suggested form-ing a


C. After the war, France, Italy, andBritain wanted to punish

oooooooooooooooooooooo .

D. The United States rejected the

oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo

on the grounds that the United Statesshould control its own decisions.

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Between Two WarsDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.

Main Idea: Between 1921 and 1929, someAmericans lived better than anypeople ever before in history.

1. Detail: Earlier inventions such as trolley cars, typewriters, and sewingmachines give Americans more


2. Detail: The decade of the 1920s

became known as the oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

3. Detail: Americans enjoyed new forms

of entertainment such as oooooooooooooooooooo

and oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .

Main Idea: While some Americansenjoyed the roaring twenties, economicand social problems affected large segments of society.

4. Detail: Farmers were hurt by falling

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo prices.

5. Detail: Some Americans blamed thecountry’s problems on people whoseemed different, including Jews,

Roman Catholics, ooooooooooooooooooooooo


Main Idea: America’s economy skiddedto a halt in late October 1929.

6. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo crashed when prices dropped, people panicked, andinvestors who had bought on margincould not pay for their stock.

7. Detail: The Great Depression hit

workers in oooooooooooooooo especially hard.

8. Detail: A drought turned parts of the

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo intoa “dust bowl.”

9. Detail: Many blamed President

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo fortheir hard times.

Main Idea: President Franklin DelanoRoosevelt pushed revolutionary lawsthrough Congress to help the needyand aid economic recovery.

10. Detail: FDR promised Americans a

“ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .”

11. Detail: FDR’s programs producedlasting effects, which included thegreatly increased power of the

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo and the greatly

increased size of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

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World War II EraDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. What form of government existed in

Italy, Germany, and Japan? ooooooooooooooooo

2. Who made up the Axis powers?

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,

and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .

3. When did the German army invade

Poland? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

4. Why did Great Britain and Franceappease the aggressive countries?



5. Why did the United States declare waron Japan on December 8, 1941?



6. What day is known as D-Day? ooooooooooo


7. Who became President when Franklin

Delano Roosevelt died? ooooooooooooooooooooo


8. Where was the atomic bomb dropped?


9. When did Japan surrender? ooooooooooooooo


10. How did the United States government

raise funds for the war? ooooooooooooooooooooo


11. How did the American workforce

change during the war? ooooooooooooooooooooo


12. Who was “Rosie the Riveter”? oooooooooooo


13. What group of people did the UnitedStates move to relocation camps?


14. Whom did Hitler and the Nazi party blame for Germany’s economic

problems? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


15. Why was the United Nations formed?



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The Cold War YearsDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questionsbelow. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

1. What two countries emerged fromWorld War II as the world’s most

powerful nations? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


2. Why was the rivalry between thesetwo nations called a “cold war”?


3. What part of what continent did theSoviet Union control after World War II?


4. What military alliance against theSoviets did the United States join?


5. What military alliance did the SovietUnion form with other Soviet-

controlled countries? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

6. Why did America send its troops to

Korea? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


7. Who was President at the time?


8. Who were the Vietcong? oooooooooooooooooooo


9. Which American President begansending troops to Vietnam?


10. What happened in the United States asmore and more troops were sent to

Vietnam? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

11. At the end of the war, who took control

of Vietnam? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

12. Who led a nonviolent struggle for civilrights beginning with a bus boycott in

1955? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

13. What tragedy occurred on November

22, 1963? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

14. What piece of legislation guaranteedcertain rights to African Americans?


15. What happened at the Watergate apart-ment building in Washington, D.C.?


16. Why did Watergate shake American

confidence in government? oooooooooooooooo


17. Why did the cold war come to an end?


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Toward a New CenturyDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

1. In response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, President George Bushassembled an international militarycoalition that he called Operation


2. The war ended quickly. The ground

assault freed oooooooooooooooooooooooo .

3. By the late twentieth century, more Americans worked in

ooooooooooooooooooooooo than in manufacturing.

4. In the 1994 elections, the ooooooooooooooooooooogained control of both houses ofCongress for the first time in 40 years.

5. Bloody wars erupted around the world.

President ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo senttroops to Somalia, but President

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo withdrew them because he felt they were notadequately protected.

6. In 1991 the largest of the republics inthe former country of Yugoslavia,

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , began wagingwar against the republics that haddeclared independence.

7. In the Middle East on September 13,1993, a historic peace agreement wasreached between Israeli Prime Minister


and Palestinian LiberationOrganization leader


8. Later, Israel worked out a peace treaty

with oooooooooooooooooooooooo , ending the stateof war that had existed between thetwo countries for nearly half a century.

9. To stay competitive in the world mar-ketplace, the United States agreed to the



10. At home, Republicans and Democratsagreed on the need for reforms to the

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo system, but argued

over ways to reduce the ooooooooooooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooo causing temporary government shutdowns.

11. In 1996 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo soughtreelection.

12. Americans approached the twenty-firstcentury as a free country committed to the truths expressed in the

oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .

Documents

Guided Reading Activities - Biloxi Public School District Reading Activity 1-1 ... The Early Years to 1877 ★1 ★ Guided Reading Activities Themes in Geography ... Recalling Facts