GUIDANCE ON THE MONITORING OF THE BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENTS PART A4 - MACROPHYTES Non-binding work translation for information purposes only

Cover © Franz Hasieber & Richild Mauthner-Weber, BAW Federal Agency of Water Management Photographs provided by © Wolfram Stockinger, DWS © Peter Pfister, ARGE Limnologie Große Mühl river close to Altenfelden Großache river close to Kössen © Wolfram Stockinger, DWS © Franz Hasieber, BAW-IWG Steyr river close to Hinterstoder Danube river close to Hainburg Photograph for the logo © Karin Pall, SYSTEMA Butomus umbellatus

GUIDANCE ON THE MONITORING OF THE BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENTS

Non-binding work translation for information purposes only

PART A4 – MACROPHYTES

4

Authors: Karin PALL1 karin.pall@systema.at Veronika MAYERHOFER1 veronika.mayerhofer@systema.at 1 Systema Bio- und Management Consulting GmbH Bensasteig 8 A - 1140 Vienna Coordinating expert: Gisela Ofenböck2 gisela.ofenboeck@bmlfuw.gv.at Editing & layout: Richild Mauthner-Weber2 richild.mauthner-weber@bmlfuw.gv.at Translation by: Bernadette Krebs3 Revision by: Karin Pall1 and Richild Mauthner-Weber2 richild.mauthner-weber@bmlfuw.gv.at Helena Mühlmann2 helena.muehlmann@bmlfuw.gv.at

2 Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, 3 Konferenzdolmetschen und Fachübersetzungen Environment and Water Management – Kienmyergasse 8/17 Department VII 1 A - 1140 Wien Marxergasse 2

A - 1030 Vienna Media owner and publisher: Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry,

Environment and Water Management Department IV / 3 A - 1012 Vienna

Version No.: A4-01h_MPH_EN (non-binding work translation for information purposes only) Published: January 2015 This guidance including its partial volumes was published on the website of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management at: http://wisa.bmlfuw.gv.at/fachinformation/ngp/ngp-2015.html

5

RUNNING WATERS

QUALITY ELEMENT OF MACROPHYTES: FIELD WORK, SAMPLING, SAMPLE PROCESSING AND RESULT ANALYSIS

CONTENTS Part Page

1 TITLE 7

2 WARNINGS AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 7

3 INTRODUCTION 7

4 AIM, SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL APPROACH 8

4.1 General remarks 8

4.2 Scope of application 9

4.3 General approach 9

5 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 10

6 BASIC FEATURES OF THE PROCEDURE 13 7 REAGENTS, MATERIALS AND DISPOSAL 15 8 INSTRUMENTATION AND WORK EQUIPMENT 15

8.1 Devices for field sampling 15

8.2 Devices for lab treatment 16

8.3 Devices and work equipment for taxa determination 16

8.4 Devices for creating evidential samples 16

9 SELECTION OF SAMPLING SITE AND SURVEY DATE 16 9.1 Selection of survey section 16

9.2 Size of sampling site 17

9.3 Selection of survey date 17

10 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 17 11 IMPLEMENTATION OF SURVEY 19

11.1 General remarks 19

11.2 On-site plant recording/extraction 19

11.3 Range of species to be recorded 20

11.4 Quantification / Quantity estimate 21

11.5 Storage / Transport of plant material 21

11.5.1 Charophyta 21

11.5.2 Bryophyta 22

6

11.5.3 Pteridophyta and spermatophyta 22

11.5.4 Evidential samples 22

11.6 Capturing of additional parameters 22

12 IMPLEMENTATION OF SAMPLE TREATMENT IN THE LAB 23

13 EVALUATION 24

13.1 Calculation of vegetation density and dominance pattern 24

13.1 Calculation of the ecological status class 24

13.2 Site assessability 27

13.3 Calculation of quality objective achievement / Exceedance reliability 27

13.4 Calculation of ecological quality ratio (EQR) 29

14 CALCULATION BASES 30

14.1 Macrophyte typology for running waters 30

14.2 Macrophyte species considered 30

15 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS: TEST REPORT 31

16 REFERENCES 32

17 ANNEX 35

17.1 References on taxa determination, taxonomy (selection) 35

17.2 Recording sheets 36

17.3 Indicative macrophyte species: List of species 40

17.4 River types and large rivers according to macrophyte typology 44

17.5 Macrophytes – Classification list 46

17.6 Example of taxa list including the required additional information 61

17.7 Example of macrophyte assessment 62

17.8 Proposal for result presentation 64

7

1 TITLE Quality element of macrophytes: field survey, sampling, sample treatment and result analysis 2 WARNINGS AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS See Part C OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY 3 INTRODUCTION We have long been aware of the fact that aquatic macrophytes are suitable for assessing the material pollution placed on running waters. Being plant organisms, they particularly serve as excellent trophy indicators in this context. Yet they also exhibit a pronounced reaction to other anthropogenic changes in the natural conditions prevalent in running waters. They have proved to be excellent indicators for changes to the flow regime such as e.g. potamalisation and impoundments. Furthermore, the specificity of macrophyte vegetation is a pronounced reflection of the structural conditions found in the water body such as e.g. substrate diversity and dynamics or the level of engineering works realized at river banks and partly also in the streambed. Two properties make macrophytes invaluable indicators. First of all, it is their longevity. They remain at the same sites mostly over several vegetation periods and are thus able to integrate the site conditions over a considerably longer period of time than components exhibiting short-term reactions. Thus, no “snap-shot” assessment is taking place. Moreover, macrophytes always remain in the same place and are thus not able to avoid pressures and other environmental impact. This enables the accurate localisation of sources of pressures as well as their area of impact alongside a section of running water. Furthermore, it is also especially important to achieve excellent representation of the degree of integration of the water body and its environs via macrophyte vegetation. On top of that, macrophytes provide for information on acidification. For the time being, the integration of the two last-mentioned aspects into the assessment system was not provided for Austria. This operating instruction, however, already contains all field surveys necessary in this context, enabling the development of respective modules and the realization of assessments of also these aspects, if need be.

8

4 AIM, SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL APPROACH 4.1 General remarks The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (European Commission) which entered into force in late 2000 requires a comprehensive biological assessment of water bodies which is based on the biocoenoses which are typical of the natural landscape as a reference. On the basis of the systematic capturing of various groups of organisms which also include aquatic macrophytes experts intend to achieve a five-scale ecological classification of running water bodies with regard to degradation caused by anthropogenic impacts. Assessment ranges from status class 1 = “High“ to status class 5 = “Bad”. If the objective of “good status” (level 2 of the assessment system) is missed, the quality objective is deemed as exceeded and a “need for action” is eventually triggered, if need be. This means that mitigation measures must be taken which may entail considerable costs, depending on their scope. Thus, it is extremely important to achieve the highest-possible reliability of assessment results. A sine qua non for this is a standardised process in the course of the procedure – from the selection of the site to be surveyed all the way to assessment and documentation. This operating instruction is to enable a Water-Framework-Directive-compliant assessment of the ecological status of running waters on the basis of macrophyte vegetation. All steps in the process are described in detail. This enables a uniform approach in data collection as well as a transparent presentation of evaluation and assessment, making the comparability and traceability of results possible. The mapping procedure per se largely corresponds to the method used in Austria to date which is, again, compliant with the respective Austrian standard ÖNORM and with European standardisation legislation (see Pt. 16). The evaluation as well as the calculation procedure for the reporting of the ecological status meet the requirements of the Water Framework Directive and are largely in line with the recommendations of the implementation groups CIS Working Group 2.3 and/or 2.A (REFCOND, ECOSTAT). Pt. 16 provides for an outline of relevant national and international standards and recommendations underlying this operating instruction or considered in the process of their preparation.

9

4.2 Scope of application This operating instruction constitutes the basis for the assessment of the ecological status of all running waters exhibiting a catchment area of more than 10 km² on the basis of macrophyte vegetation. While the assessment method described here can be generally used to assess the biological status of the following specific water types, its results must be challenged on a particularly critical note, as shifts in the assessment result cannot be excluded due to deviating hydromorphological conditions. The results for the following water-body types must, at any rate, be subject to a stringent plausibility check:

Waters < 10 km² catchment area Summer-warm lake outflows located in the Unglaciated Central Alps, the Limestone

Alps, the Southern Alps and in Inneralpine Basins Moor brooks Peneplanation sections Naturally impounded sections

For assessing the biological status of the following specific water-body types, the quality element of macrophytes must not be used:

Thermal brooks Sinter sections

4.3 General approach For the general approach followed in the assessment of the ecological status, see INTRODUCTION/Guidance on the monitoring of the biological quality elements Pt.4 Approach to be followed for the assessment of the ecological status.

10

5 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS According to Austrian standard ÖNORM M6232; complemented Abundance “Degree of representation”, used in ecological terminology to indicate the

density/frequency of individual species, related to a certain surface or volume unity. To describe abundance, the “Plant Quantity Index” (see below) is used for the quality element of macrophytes.

Amphiphytes Macrophyte life-form group. Macrophyte species which can live either fully

submerged in the water or temporarily ashore and out of water. This life-form group constitutes the transition from hydrophytes to helophytes.

Bioregion The demand placed on a bioregion is constituted by the fact that it is colonised

by typical biocoenoses the composition and functional structure of which exhibit higher similarity within a bioregion than between bioregions. On the basis of macrozoobenthos, MOOG et al. (2001) determined 15 bioregions in Austria.

Type of water body In this operating instruction, it refers to the macrophyte typology (see below). Helophytes Macrophyte life-form group. Macrophyte species of which only the basal

sections are submerged, while their leaves and florescences rise above the water level. Pondweed species in the broadest sense.

Herbarising Arranging a herbarium. Herbarium Scientific collection of dried, pressed and labelled plants. Hydrophytes Macrophyte life-form group. Macrophyte species permanently living in the

water – either completely or largely submerged – or swimming on the water either fully on the surface or with their leaves on the surface during the vegetation period. They also blossom or bear fruit on the water surface (“real” aquatic plants).

Macrophytes The definition of the term of “Macrophytes” is far from being uniform in

scientific literature. Traditionally, these are deemed as aquatic plants featuring clear structured sprouts which are, as a rule, visible to the naked eye down to species level and the photosynthetically-active parts of which either live submerged on a permanent basis or at least for a few months or float on the water surface (COOK et al., 1974; CASPER & KRAUSCH, 1980).

These include species of the Charophyte (charales), Bryophyte (mosses), Pteridophyte (ferns) and Spermatophyte (seed plants) division.

11

Macrophyte typology Classification of Austrian running waters on the basis of macrophyte

vegetation (PALL & MOSER, 2006). Based on Austrian bioregions according to MOOG et al. (2001) and ecoregions according to ILLIES (1978) as well as on the altitudinal zone. For a more detailed description, see Pt. 17.4.

Macrophyte vegetation The macrophyte vegetation of running waters changes with the course of the

respective stream. In a natural state, the headwater area is primarily colonised by mosses, while the hyporhithral and hypopotomal areas are mainly colonised by seed plants. With the exception of small rivers exhibiting a small gradient, which may develop stocks of Higher Aquatic Plants all across the streambed also in the event of high water depth, the central area of larger rivers with strong-current or of their branches is often not overgrown.

Moss capsule Post-card-size, folded paper bag for the storage of a dried moss sample. Ecoregion Large landscape unit established according to ecological-biogeographical

aspects. Here: ecoregions according to ILLIES (1978). Plant Quantity (PM)

According to MELZER et al. (1986), the “real plant quantity” (referred to as PM in the following) corresponds to the third power of the estimate levels of the plant quantity (PMI) according to KOHLER (1978).

Plant Quantity Index (PMI) Referring to KOHLER (1978). Estimated value (referred to as PMI in the

following) for the amount of each of the macrophyte species occurring in one survey section, considering their planar extension as well as the density of stand, in relation to the maximum specificity which is possible for the plant species and for the type of location.

The empirical estimate of the plant quantity is carried out on the basis of a 5-

point scale 1 = Very rare, scattered 2 = Rare 3 = Common 4 = Abundant 5 = Highly abundant, in masses. For a more detailed description, see Pt. 11.4. SEQ Quality Objective Achievement Reliability. This characteristic value indicates

the degree of reliability [%] with which the quality objective (status class 2 = “good”) is achieved at the respective site.

12

SÜQ Quality Objective Exceedance Reliability. This characteristic value indicates

the degree of reliability [%] with which the quality objective (status class 2 = “good”) is exceeded at the respective site.

Ubiquist Species exhibiting extremely wide ecological amplitude. In the work process

described here, species are treated as ubiquists if they do not show any preferences for a certain quality level with regard to their prevalence in a certain type of running-water body, i.e. they may occur in bigger amounts under reference conditions as well as together with disturbance indicators. The prerequisite for this is the ability of the species to come to terms with a wide range of different environmental factors (euryoecia) and the ability to spread fast.

Survey section Area mapped in the surveyed river stretch.

13

6 BASIC FEATURES OF THE PROCEDURE The procedure described here enables the assessment of defined sections of running waters on the basis of the macrophyte vegetation found there. For this, one (or more) representative survey section(s) of a length of – according to the prevalent conditions – appr. 100 m or more is (are) to be selected within the river section to be assessed. This survey section is to be examined with regard to the occurrence of macrophyte vegetation in terms of species and quantity. Generally, the procedure is carried out at species level. The assessment scheme refers to the deviation of the found species community from a type-specific range of reference species. This means that the assessment is not based on a specific reference biocoenosis. Instead, it is assumed that species with similar ecological needs can replace one another. To establish an assessment system, first the reference conditions for each defined water-body type were characterised in abiotic terms. To this end, geology (alkalinity) and sea level, the trophic reference condition (PIPP & PFISTER, 2005, DEUTSCH & KREUZINGER, 2005), substrate and flow velocity were considered. In addition, all considered species were examined with regard to their prevalence amplitude in relation to the parameters indicated above (separate database and references). In a second step, the individual species were classified according to the deviation of their prevalence focus from the type-specific reference status. In this process, the species were classified into 4-category lists, ranging from the reference species to the disturbance indicators. The species were classified into one or several categories according to the width of the ecological amplitude. Accordingly, ubiquists were put in all 4 classes. The highest deviation from the type-specific reference status with regard to the parameters mentioned above was respectively considered for the purpose of categorisation. This means that a species which, e.g., corresponding to its ecological needs, exhibits significant deviation from the substrate and water-current conditions found for the reference status, was classified worse than would maybe have been required from a trophic point of view. The four categories (ranging from reference species to disturbance indicators) were put on a level with ecological status classes 1 (“high”) to 4 (“poor”). This means that a given site is considered as reference site if it primarily exhibits species which can only occur under the respectively-defined reference conditions (reference species). If reference species are predominant in terms of species and/or quantity, this is indicative of status class 1 (“high”). On the contrary, the predominance of disturbance indicators will result in a “poor” state (status class 4). As “bad status” (status class 5) has been deemed macrophyte depopulation. The non-existence of macrophytes, however, does not necessarily result in assessment as “bad” status. Only if obvious impairments are known or discernible, this area is rated as exhibiting “Unproven status class 5”. In such cases, the result of the assessment or the assessment itself must be verified by considering other quality elements.

14

The following scheme illustrates the procedure of the classification:

15

7 REAGENTS, MATERIALS AND DISPOSAL

• Alcohol (denatured, 70 %) for the preservation of plant material until it is determined • Acetic acid (25 %) for decalcifying mosses and characea

For disposal and safety instructions, also see Part C: Guidelines on Occupational Safety. 8 INSTRUMENTATION AND WORK EQUIPMENT 8.1 Devices for field sampling 1. Standard equipment 1. Operating instruction 2. Waders, rubber boots 3. Topographic maps: ÖK 25 or 50 4. Handheld GPS 5. Telescope rake and/or reacher (if applicable, with check marks to determine water

depth) 6. Mapping protocols 7. Writing utensils incl. permanent pens, pencils, and blotting pad 8. Camera, if possible digital 9. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) see Part C: Guidelines on Occupational Safety 10. Magnifying glass (10-fold magnification) 11. Plastic bags (e.g. freezer bags) in various sizes (from 1l to 25l) 12. If applicable, cool box with freezer packs (if determination cannot be carried out on-site

or on the same day) 13. Absorbent paper tissues (e.g. kitchen roll) 14. Paper bags (two-seam bags appr. 11.5*16 or 13*18.5 cm, with flap) 15. Required permits (Permit to enter by car/on foot etc.) 2. Additional equipment for larger rivers 16. Boat (according to requirement: rowboat or boat with petrol or electric engine) 17. View funnel or view box 18. ABC kit (diving goggles, snorkel, fins) or diving equipment 19. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) see Part C: Guidelines on Occupational Safety 20. Required permits (entry permit, permit to walk/drive on site, diving permit etc.)

16

8.2 Devices for lab treatment 1. Petri dishes 2. Glass equipment 3. Pipettes 4. Spray bottle 8.3 Devices and work equipment for taxa determination 1. Pair of binoculars (appr. 5 x to 50 x) including auxiliary equipment 2. Transmitted-light research microscope (appr. 50 x to 750 x) including auxiliary equipment 3. Dissecting set 4. Relevant and up-to-date taxonomical literature Relevant and up-to-date taxonomical literature: see list (selection) of recommended taxonomical literature in the ANNEX under Pt. 17.1 8.4 Devices for creating evidential samples 1. Herbarium press including auxiliary equipment 2. Herbarium sheets, adhesive labels, adhesive paper tape etc. to create a herbarium 3. Moss capsules (preparation according to FRAHM & FREY, 2004) 9 SELECTION OF SAMPLING SITE AND SURVEY DATE 9.1 Selection of survey section When selecting the survey section, it must be considered that a section of water body is examined which is representative with regard to

• Water course • Bank structure • Bank vegetation • Shading • Substrate and • Flow velocity

Impaired areas, such as the area close to road bridges, must be avoided.

17

9.2 Size of sampling site In the cross-section, always the entire area which is grown by makrophytes is to be sampled. For small to medium-sized rivers, this mostly includes the entire water-body width. For large rivers, both river banks, respectively reaching to the end of macrophyte vegetation in the middle of the river, are to be examined. Recorded shall be all plants having their roots in the water, within the splash-water area (water bodies with rhithral characteristics) or below the mean water level (water bodies with potamal characteristics) as well as free-floating plants and pleustophytes. The size of the survey section should be selected in such a way as to capture, if possible, the entire range of species. Appr. 100 m may be given as a yardstick. This is the section of water body which should, as a rule, be examined. If there are no new species within the last 25 m of the survey section, the length of the section may be left at 100 m. If new species are permanently found, the survey section is to be extended as long as no new species are found at a water section of 25 m (principle of “species saturation”). For large rivers, this approach could result in survey sections of up to 500 m. 9.3 Selection of survey date Generally, macrophyte recordings in running waters can be performed from May to September (optimum period: from June to August). Within this timeframe, sampling in lowlands is to be scheduled rather earlier (many species re-disappear already in the period from midsummer to early autumn); in Alpine areas, however, sampling should be preferably carried out later (later development of vegetation due to seasonal factors). Mapping performed during floods does not make sense. A minimum period of four weeks should elapse between flood events and the recording of vegetation. 10 SAMPLING PROTOCOL The field protocol is the basis for all further evaluations ranging all the way to assessment. Hence, it is to be drawn up with the utmost care and as detailed as possible. The following section provides all parameters which have to be recorded. For explanatory remarks regarding the individual parameters as well as relevant recording sheets, please go to the Annex. In the following, mandatory data requirements for field surveys are printed in bold letters. All other data can be logged in the lab.

18

General site data (Recording sheet Additional Parameters – Running waters) 1. Name of river investigated 2. Name of sampling site 3. Site code or number of measuring site (“FW numbers” according to H2O-database) 4. Name of water body 5. Number of water body (DWK-code according to H2O-database UBA) 6. River kilometre 7. Sampling date and time 8. GPS data of beginning and end of the survey section, meridian, coordinates of BMN 9. Site description 10. Photographs 11. Sampling person or person working on the project 12. Reason for survey or project designation 13. Client 14. Data author (contractor, company) 15. Sea level 16. Alkalinity 17. catchment size 18. River type at survey site (macrophyte typology according to Pt. 17.4) 19. Dominant river-type (macrophyte typology) in the headwater area Environmental data relevant for macrophytes (recording sheet additional parameters – RW) 20. Catchment area 21. Direct impact (up to appr. 500m above) 22. Stream curvature 23. Cross-section measures [m] 24. Flow tendency 25. Stream current 26. Stream current diversity 27. Depth diversity 28. Bank engineering structures [%] 29. Transverse structure / Riverbed engineering structures 30. Bank gradient 31. Bank vegetation [%] 32. Substrate [%] 33. Substrate diversity 34. Turbidity 35. Shading 36. growth of algae 37. land-use in surrounding area [%] 38. Buffer zone [%] 39. Integration with surrounding area 40. Potential impairment of colonisation

19

41. Is there any anthropogenic impact? Macrophyte recording on-site (Recording sheet Macrophytes – Running waters

1. Higher Plants, ferns, charales 42. Species 43. Plant quantity (expressed as PMI)

2. Mosses 44. Species 45. Plant quantity (expressed as PMI) 46. Substrate 47. Site / Growth site Example of sampling protocol and/or recording sheets: see ANNEX Pt. 17.2. 11 IMPLEMENTATION OF SURVEY 11.1 General remarks This chapter describes all steps necessary to perform a standardised survey of macrophyte vegetation on-site. This method was developed on the basis of the approach described by KOHLER (1978) in the late 1970s for the mapping of running-water aquatic vegetation and made specific to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. It largely corresponds to the recording technique carried out in Austria so far (cf. ÖNORM M 6232) and is compliant with European standards (CEN 230165, ÖNORM EN 14184, ÖNORM EN 14996). The surveys are to be carried out as carefully as possible. Due care is to be taken that the macrophyte stocks and also the stocks of other groups of organisms are not impaired or destroyed. It is mandatory to obtain authority or private permits required for field work; nature-protection requirements, if any, shall be complied with. 11.2 On-site plant recording/extraction For safety and practical reasons, plants should always be recorded by at least two persons working on the project. For smaller water bodies, mapping is to be carried out on foot (rubber boots, waders). In order to perform determination on site or in the lab, macrophyte extraction may be required on top of purely optical capturing. In shallow waters, it may be carried out

20

directly by hand; in deeper waters or in the case of low Secchi depth, mechanical equipment is, however, required (extendable rakes, etc.). If it is not possible to wade through the waters, it is recommended to perform the examination from the boat (according to requirement, rowboat or boat with electric or petrol engine). Here, it is required to use a view funnel or view box as well as an extendable rake (overall length: 4m) and/or a reacher. If the entire cross-section is covered by vegetation, the water is to be driven in a zigzag pattern. If macrophyte vegetation cover is confined to the peripheral water areas, both river banks must be sampled. Larger and deeper-running waters may optionally also be worked using snorkelling or diving equipment (dives shall always be made in pairs). The species found must either be determined on site (a magnifying glass may be required) or taken to the lab for posterior determination. To this end, it is necessary to use plastic bags (best suitable are freezer bags in various sizes) and permanent pens for labelling as well as paper bags for moss samples. Plant material (Higher Plants, ferns, characea) should be stored in a cool place. To achieve this, it is recommended to take along a cool box with freezer packs, in particular if the plants cannot be determined on the same day. As a rule, mosses are patted dry and put into paper bags. For detailed instructions on transport and storage, see Pt. 0. All species found must be logged on the recording sheet provided for this purpose by indicating the Plant Quantity Indices (see Pt. 11.5) and, for mosses, also the substrate and the growth site. The starting point as well as the end point of the survey section must be levelled by way of GPS. 11.3 Range of species to be recorded The following species are to be recorded:

1. Hydrophytes (“actual aquatic plants”/species permanently living in the water), 2. Amphiphytes (species either able to live in the water totally submerged or to live out of

water and ashore temporarily) and 3. Helophytes (“pondweed plants” in the broadest sense)

with 1. Characea (Charophyta), 2. Mosses (Bryophyta), 3. Ferns (Pteritophyta) and 4. Seed plants (Spermatophyta)

being considered.

21

11.4 Quantification / Quantity estimate The quantity estimate is carried out for each single species that has been found on the basis of a 5-point scale according to KOHLER (1978). For the verbal description of the individual estimate levels according to Austrian standard ÖNORM M 6232 as well as for the explanatory remarks used for intercalibration, see Table 1 given below. Table 1: Estimate scale for the Plant Quantity (PM) as Plant Quantity Index (PMI)

Estimate level (PMI)

Verbal description ÖNORM

Explanatory remarks to Plant Quantity

1 Very rare, scattered Only single plants, up to 5 specimens

2 Rare Appr. 6 to 10 single plants, loosely scattered over survey section or up to 5 single plant stocks

3 Common Cannot be overlooked, but not frequent; “to be found without having to search for it”

4 Abundant Occurring frequently, but not in masses; incomplete cover exhibiting large gaps

5 Highly abundant, in masses

Dominant, found more or less everywhere; cover markedly more than 50 %

11.5 Storage / Transport of plant material When macrophytes are mapped, species determination may, as a rule, be carried out directly at the sampling site (a magnifying glass may be required). Plants the species of which cannot be determined on site have to be taken to the lab for posterior determination with binoculars or the microscope and/or preserved for posterior determination carried out by experts. Here, the following approach has to be followed for the different taxonomic groups: 11.5.1 Charophyta The plants are to be packed into plastic bags in an airtight manner using very small (!) amounts of water (if possible separated according to their species) and to be kept cool (appr. 5 °C). On the bags, the site name and the quantity estimate (as PMI) relevant for the species must be indicated. This way, the characea samples may be stored for appr. one to two weeks. If determination is not possible within this period, the plant samples must be fixed in 70-% alcohol. If no other option is available, the plants may also be herbarised. A method suitable for this has been described e.g. in KRAUSE (1997).

22

11.5.2 Bryophyta Also moss samples have to be sorted according to their species, if possible. The samples are patted dry with absorbent paper tissues (kitchen roll) and put in paper bags (two-seam paper bags 11.5 cm * 16.0 cm or 13.0 cm * 18.5 cm, with flap). On the bags, the site name and the estimated plant quantity (as PMI), the substrate (e.g. stone, wood, silt, soil) as well as the growth site (underwater, area of water inundation line or splash-water zone) must be noted down. The bags must be stored in such a way as to enable the samples to dry as fast as possible. 11.5.3 Pteridophyta and spermatophyta Just like the characea samples, ferns and Higher Aquatic Plants are packed airtight in plastic bags by using very small amounts of water and indicating the site name and the estimated plant quantity (as PMI) and stored in a cool place. To the extent possible, the species should be determined on the same day. If this is not possible, the plant material may be stored in the fridge for several days to one week (depending on the species). If determination cannot be performed within this period or if preservation is planned, the material must either be put in 70-% alcohol or herbarised. Instructions for herbarising are provided in e.g. FISCHER et al. (2008). 11.5.4 Evidential samples The occurrence of plant species that are very rare or interesting from a nature-conservation point of view (also see NIKLFELD, 1999) must be documented on-site by way of photographs. As a rule, herbarium specimens must be made of species which are hard to determine. The relevant methods are described

• In KRAUSE (1997), for characea, • In PROBST (1986) or FRAHM & FREY (2004) for mosses, and • In FISCHER et al. (2008) for ferns and Higher Plants

11.6 Capturing of additional parameters In addition to the mapping of macrophyte vegetation, it is required to capture various additional parameters (see Pt. 10 SAMPLING PROTOCOL). Even though not all parameters which have been recorded can be considered in the assessment, they still make it easier to explain the assessment results and may allow for first

23

inferences as to possible causes if the quality objective is exceeded or a need for action is triggered. In addition, a photo documentation is required. 12 IMPLEMENTATION OF SAMPLE TREATMENT IN THE LAB In order to be able to determine the samples of all plant groups that have been considered down to species level, it is required to use a pair of binoculars and a transmitted-light research microscope. Determination must, as a rule, be performed on fresh material. This particularly applies to Higher Plants, ferns and characea. Before being determined, mosses are soaked with a bit of water in Petri dishes. For determination under the pair of binoculars or the microscope, the parts determining the characteristic features have to be prepared accordingly (see respective references on taxa determination). Nomenclature depends on the following factors for the following species:

• Higher Plants and ferns: Fresh-water flora of Central Europe, Volumes 23 and 24 (CASPER & KRAUSCH, 1980, 1981),

• Characea: according to CORILLION (1957) or Fresh-water flora of Central Europe, Volume 18 (KRAUSE, 1997). The nomenclature of

• Mosses is based on the German standard work FRAHM & FREY (2004) which is also suitable for use in the areas directly adjacent to Central Europe.

After posterior determination in the lab, the macrophyte recording sheets must be complemented accordingly for each sampling site. The recording sheets used for the logging of additional parameters must be complemented by the data not yet entered in the field. After that, lists of species are to be established as a basis for evaluation and assessment. The list must contain the following data: all macrophyte species respectively found at one site by also indicating abundance (5-point Plant Quantity Index according to KOHLER, 1978; see Table 1 Pt. 11.4). For the individual sites, a clear site name (site code) and river type (macrophyte typology, see Pt. 14.1) or, alternatively, the ecoregion, alkalinity and altitude or bioregion and altitude as well as the survey date must be specified. For an example of a list of taxa including the required additional information, go to Pt. 17.6. These lists of species constitute the basis for assessing the ecological status. Thus, they should be re-checked thoroughly with regard to the following properties before further calculations are made:

• The frequency data specified for the individual species are expressed in whole-number values between 1 and 5.

24

• The sites were correctly allocated to the corresponding running-water types according to

the macrophyte typology (Pts. 14.1 or 17.4). These lists of species serve as a basis for posterior evaluation for the purpose of assessment (see Pt. 13). 13 EVALUATION 13.1 Calculation of vegetation density and dominance pattern To measure the vegetation density the Cumulative Volume Index, CMI, is used. This index can be calculated according to PALL & MOSER (2009). To describe the vegetation composition and dominance patterns, the “Relative Plant Quantity”, RPM, for groups of species or individual species according to PALL et al. (1996 ) or PALL & JANAUER (1995 ) is calculated. 13.2 Calculation of the ecological status class For evaluation, generally all macrophyte species found at a survey section are considered (see Pt. 17.4). A list of the indicative species which are currently part of the system can be found in the ANNEX (Pt. 17.3). As has been outlined in the introduction, the assessment procedure in its current form focuses on the assessment of the water body itself. Thus, currently only hydrophytes and amphiphytes are used for performing the calculation with regard to the ecological status class. The calculation is performed in a type-specific way. According to the macrophyte typology, 11 different types of rivers plus specific types were defined for Austria. Prior to the calculations, the water-body type is to be determined for each survey section corresponding to its geographical location and altitude (Pt. 14.1; Overview and map see Pt. 17.4). In a next step, the classification list provided for the respective river type is to be used. For the classification lists, see the ANNEX under Pt. 17.5. For assessment and/or evaluation, the dominance pattern existing between the differently-classified species is eventually decisive. Thus, the individual species are integrated in the assessment together with their abundances. In this context, the numerical values of the five-point scale outlined for the plant quantity according to KOHLER (1978), i.e. the PMI values, are directly used. The “real plant quantities“ according to MELZER et al. (1986) which correspond to the third power of the numerical values of the Plant Quantity Index according to KOHLER (1978) are not considered for calculation, as, in this case, there would be too much focus on the quantity aspect: particularly in running waters, “real plant quantities” of the prevalent species can vary

25

considerably within the same status class and even within the same river type, according to morphology, water flow and bank vegetation (shading), and can sometimes also be reduced due to higher flow levels (flood events). Furthermore, this results in valuing the prevalence of several equally-classified species higher than the quantity-related dominance of just one species. The ecological status class is calculated as follows: In a first step, all species occurring at the survey section are subject to re spective classification on the basis of the type-specific lists (Pt. 17.5). This classification is to be entered in the list of species referring to the survey section and containing data on the plant quantity (PMI, estimate levels 1 to 5). In addition, it is to be logged into how many classes the respective species has been classified (see Table 2). Table 2: Example: preparatory data for the calculation of the ecological status class

Species Plant quantity

Class Number of classes 1 2 3 4

Species 1 PMI1 x 1 Species 2 PMI2 x x x 3 Species 3 PMI3 x 1 Species 4 PMI4 x x 2 Species 5 PMI5 x x x x 4 ...

In a next step, the numerical values referring to the plant quantity (PMI values) and outlined for each species are allocated to all specified classes. In this process, they are to be weighted in accordance with the width of the ecological amplitude of the respective species. This process is to be carried out in such a way that the respective value is divided by the square of the class entries. Species with very limited ecological needs are thus weighted stronger than those with a wide ecological amplitude. Ubiquists, i.e. species having an entry in every class, are not considered in the assessment. In this case, the PMI values are to be multiplied by zero (see Table 3). The only exception in this context is constituted by Rhynchostegium riparioides. The plant-quantity values are included in the calculation despite a four-class classification, and are, accordingly, divided by 4². Thus, weighting (G) equals “1/Number of classes²” for species classified into one, two or three classes, and “0” for classes classified into 4 classes (ubiquists) (with the exception of Rhynchostegium riparioides).

26

Table 3: Calculation of the ecological status class.

Species Plant quantity

Class Number of classes 1 2 3 4

Species 1 PMI1 PMI1 1 Species 2 PMI2 PMI2 / 3² PMI2 / 3² PMI2 / 3² 3 Species 3 PMI3 PMI3 1 Species 4 PMI4 PMI4 / 2² PMI4 / 2² 2 Species 5 PMI5 PMI5 x 0 PMI5 x 0 PMI5 x 0 PMI5 x 0 4 ...

Sum PMIxG Sum1 Sum2 Sum3 Sum4 Sum A

(Sum 1 to Sum 4)

Sum PAIxWxKL Sum1 x 1 Sum2 x 2 Sum3 x

3 Sum4 x 4 Sum B (Sum 1 x KL to Sum 4 x KL)

Index value Sum B / Sum A Ecological status class (ESC)

Index value rounded to whole number

The resulting numerical values are now to be summated in columns for the individual classes (Sum of PMIxG). These values are then to be multiplied by the respective class designations (1 to 4) (Sum of PMIxGxKL). For the individual sums PMIxG as well as PMIxGxKl, the respective total sums (Sum A or Sum B) are to be determined. The index value is determined by dividing the sum total PMIxGxKL = Sum B by the sum total PMIxG = Sum A (see Table 3). For indicating the ecological status class, the final result is to be rounded to a whole number. Thus, the class boundaries are, respectively, placed in the middle of two classes, with the worse status being respectively awarded from values starting from 1.50, 2.50 or 3.50.

27

13.3 Site assessability The following requirements must be met in order for a site being deemed as assessable:

1. At the site which is to be assessed, at least 3 classified species (but no ubiquists) must be present.

o r 2. The Total Plant Quantity (PM) of the classified species (without ubiquists) must be at

least 16 (i.e. there must be prevalence of either 2 classified species with frequency level 2 or of one classified species with frequency level 3).

Also if no macrophytes are prevalent, an assessment may be performed, i.e. as “Unproven status class 5” (bad status). This is, however, only possible if macrophyte depopulation caused by known or discernible anthropogenic impact is highly probable. In such cases, the result or the assessment itself is to be verified on the basis of other quality elements. 13.4 Calculation of quality objective achievement / Exceedance reliability Another parameter calculated is the reliability of reaching or exceeding the quality objective (SEQ or SÜQ). This value indicates the degree of reliability [%] with which the quality target (at minimum status class 2) was achieved or exceeded at a given site. The basis for calculation is the weighted distribution of quantities over the individual classes at the sampling site (Sums PMIxG). The summations PMIxG are included in the calculation, each weighted according to the distance of each class to the limit value for achieving / exceeding the quality objective (good / moderate; corresponds to the index value 2,495). Finally the percentage of the weighted sums of class 1 and 2 (=Ratio1+2) as well as class 3 and 4 (=Ratio3+4) in Sum C = SEQ or SÜQ is calculated (see Table 4). The larger of the two resulting values SEQ and SEQ is used for indicating the reliability whether the “quality objective” is “achieved” or “exceeded”. In this context, it should be explicitly stressed that the result will not challenge or assess the allocation of the respective survey section to the ecological status class, but merely indicates the degree of reliability with which the quality objective has been achieved or not at the survey section which is to be assessed.

28

Table 4: Calculation of quality objective achievement/exceedance reliability. Species Plant

quantity Class Number of

classes 1 2 3 4 Species 1 PMI1 PMI1 1 Species 2 PMI2 PMI2 / 3² PMI2 / 3² PMI2 / 3² 3 Species 3 PMI3 PMI3 1 Species 4 PMI4 PMI4 / 2² PMI4 / 2² 2 Species 5 PMI5 PMI5 x 0 PMI5 x 0 PMI5 x 0 PAI5 x 0 4 ...

Sum PMIxG Sum1 Sum2 Sum3 Sum4

Share SEQ or SÜQ

Share1+2 = Sum1 x

1.495 + Sum2 x 0.495

Share3+4 = Sum3 x 0.505

+ Sum4 x 1.505 Sum C

Quality ObjectiveAchievement/Exceedance Reliability [%]

If QT achieved: SEQ1+2 = Share1+2 x 100 / Sum C If QT exceeded: SÜQ3+4 = Share3+4 x 100 / Sum C

Explanatory remark on the determination of the “Quality Objective Achievement/Exceedance Reliability” If a survey section which is to be assessed exclusively exhibits species classified into class 2, the calculation of the ecological status class shows a “good” status. The same result is achieved if a survey section exclusively features species being respectively classified into classes 1 to 3. Hence, the quality objective is achieved in both cases. Yet both sections differ with regard to the reliability with which the quality objective is exceeded. While, at survey sections exhibiting only class-2 species, it can be reliably assumed that, on the basis of the quality element of macrophytes, the quality objective is not exceeded, this reliability is only at 80 % in the second case. Hence, the result reflects the ecological amplitude of the found species. Classifying the species into classes 1 to 3, it is highly probable that the quality objective is not exceeded. Due to the wide ecological amplitude of the found range of species, it can, however, not be excluded that the respective site conditions correspond to the “worse” range of the species-prevalence amplitude. This possibility is reflected in the Quality Objective Achievement/Exceedance Reliability. Of course, the sites which are to be assessed are very rarely concordant with regard to species classification as outlined in the cited examples. Hence, not only the various ecological needs of the individual species, but also their amplitude is to be considered when calculating the Quality Objective Achievement / Exceedance Reliability.

29

13.5 Calculation of ecological quality ratio (EQR) In order to make the different national assessment systems comparable at EU level, the assessment results are eventually to be converted into the so-called “Ecological Quality Ratio” (EQR). The EQR is defined as the relation between the observed value of a sampling site to the respective reference value (= expected value).

value Referencevalue ObservedEQR =

The Ecological Quality Ratio may exhibit values between 0 and 1, with 0 indicating the worst and 1 indicating the best status. The EQR hence decreases as water quality deteriorates. The values for the Ecological Status Class which are resulting from the procedure described here and representing the assessment result are, however, inverse. Here, the smallest-possible value is 1 and is to be equated with the reference condition. The worst-possible value is expressed by the value 5 (= maximum value). This is why the formula for calculating the EQR must additionally contain an inversion procedure. To achieve this, the assessment result for the survey section which is to be indicated with 2 decimal points must be subtracted from the maximum value.

valueReference−−

=ueMaximumval

resultAssessmentueMaximumvalEQR

This results in the allocations listed in Table 5: Table 5: Ecological status classes with corresponding EQR.

Ecological status class Designation Value range

Index EQR

1 High 1.00 – 1.49 >0.875 – 1 2 Good 1.50 – 2.49 >0.625 – 0.875 3 Moderate 2.50 – 3.49 >0.375 – 0.625 4 Poor 3.50 – 4.49 >0.125 – 0.375 5 Bad 4.50 – 5.00 0 – 0.125

An example of the calculation of a macrophyte assessment is given in Pt. 17.7. An EDP tool for the automatic calculation of the assessment is currently being prepared.

30

14 CALCULATION BASES 14.1 Macrophyte typology for running waters The macrophyte-vegetation-based assessment is carried out type-specifically. The primary sources of macrophyte typology are the Austrian bioregions laid down by MOOG et al. (2001). On the basis of macrophyte vegetation it is, however, not possible to significantly distinguish all bioregions from one another. Yet there are marked differences in vegetation conditions observed in certain bioregion groups which are again corresponding to the ecoregions according to ILLIES (1978) – yet subdivided into limestone and silicate areas. Moreover, the specificity of aquatic vegetation exhibits a pronounced dependence from the sea level which can, first and foremost, be explained by the fact that the trophic reference condition goes up as the sea level goes down (PFISTER & PIPP, 2005). Here, three levels (<200m above the Adriatic, 200 – 800 m above the Adriatic and >800 m above the Adriatic) were laid down in accordance with the recommendations of the REFCOND Guidance. Moreover, all large Austrian rivers are, as a rule, treated as special types. Furthermore, summer-warm lake outflows are regarded as special types. Overall, 11 river types, 9 Large Rivers and the special type of “summer-warm lake outflows” were determined for Austria on the basis of macrophyte vegetation (for overview and map, see Pt. 17.4). For all survey sections, the respective river type is to be indicated according to macrophyte typology. This type can be determined by considering the altitude on the basis of the geographical location of the site from the map provided under Pt. 17.4. or it is directly looked up in the map available on the Internet under the http://wisa.bmlfuw.gv.at/fachinfomration/ngp/ngp-2015.html link. Information on the allocation of water sections to the special type of “summer-warm lake outflows” is available under the same link. 14.2 Macrophyte species considered The method introduced here has been developed on the basis of a limited number of sampling sites (appr. 500) in the framework of an Austria-wide survey programme. Furthermore, the results of macrophyte surveys carried out in the framework of GZÜV-2007 (2007 Austrian Ordinance on the Monitoring of the Quality of Water Bodies) have been considered (appr. 70 sites). In a first step, only those macrophyte species were included in the assessment system which had been found in the course of these projects. The indication lists, as amended, are assumed to contain the major part of the macrophyte indicator taxa prevalent in Austria. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that further surveys will result in further species which will have to be included in the assessment system.

31

The big asset of this assessment procedure is that the system can be extended as need be. (Hence, the procedure can also be applied e.g. in countries in which additional species occur which are not prevalent in Austria.) Currently, overall 196 species have been considered for the assessment system. 140 out of these 196 species are indicator species and have been classified into the indication lists. In detail, these are:

• 8 characea species, • 2 horsetail species, • 63 species of moss and • 67 representatives of Higher Plants.

As the assessment system, in its current form, focuses on the assessment of the water body itself, only hydrophytes and amphiphytes are considered in the assessment calculation. All indicator taxa which are currently considered are listed in the ANNEX under Pt. 17.3. 15 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS, TESTING PROTOCOL The minimum scope of testing protocols must comprise: 1. Project-relevant data from the SAMPLING PROTOCOL Pt. 10

Clear site designation Survey date

Exact indication of location of survey section incl. indication of altitude (m above the Adriatic)

Allocation to running-water type according to macrophyte typology 2. Complete list of taxa at species level, indicating the respective Plant Quantity Index 3. Assessment result, commentary and interpretation 4. Documentation photographs An example of a list of taxa including the required additional information is given in the ANNEX under Pt. 17.6. A suggestion for the presentation of the results is given in Pt. 17.8.

32

16 REFERENCES Sampling CEN 230165: Water quality – Guidance on data collection, interpretation and classification of running waters based on aquatic macrophytes. KOHLER, A. (1978): Methoden der Kartierung von Flora und Vegetation von Süßwasserbiotopen.- Landschaft + Stadt 10/2, 73-85. MIDCC (2005): Manual Methodology for running water – Guidance on the Assessment of Aquatic Macrophytes in the River Danube, in Water Bodies of the Fluvial Corridor, and in its Tributaries.- www.midcc.at, 6pp. ÖNORM M6232 (1995): Richtlinien für die ökologische Untersuchung und Bewertung von Fließgewässern.- Österreichisches Normungsinstitut, 38pp./Guidelines for the ecological surveying and assessment of running waters – Austrian Standards Institute, 38pp. ÖNORM EN 14184: Water quality – Guidance standard for the surveying of aquatic macrophytes in running water. ÖNORM EN 14996: Water quality – Guidance standard on assuring the quality of biological and ecological assessments in the aquatic environment. PROBST, W. (1986): Biologie der Moos- und Farnpflanzen.- Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg, 333pp. Evaluation / Assessment CHOVANEC, A., JÄGER, P., JUNGWIRTH, M., KOLLER-KREIMEL, V., MOOG, O., MUHAR, S. & SCHMUTZ S. (2000): The Austrian way of assessing the ecological integrity of running waters: a contribution to the EU Water Framework Directive.- Hydrobiologia 422/423, 445 – 452. DEUTSCH, K. & KREUZINGER N. (2005): Leitfaden zur typspezifischen Bewertung der allgemeinen chemisch/physikalischen Parameter in Fließgewässern.- Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft – Sektion VII (Hrsg.) UW.3.1.2/0013-VII/2005, 25pp. EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2000): Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. European Commission PE-CONS 3639/1/100 Rev 1, Luxembourg.

33

FINK, H.F., MOOG, O. & WIMMER R. (2000): Fließgewässer-Naturräume Österreichs.- Monographien des UBA, Band 128, Umweltbundesamt, Wien, 110pp. GZÜV (2006): Ordinance of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management on the Monitoring of the Quality of Water Bodies including its Annexes; Federal Law Gazette II No. 479/2006. ILLIES, J. (1978): Limnofauna Europaea.- Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York; Swets & Zeitlinger B.V., Amsterdam, 532pp. MADER, H., STEIDL, T. & WIMMER R. (1996): Abflußregime österreichischer Fließgewässer, Beitrag zu einer bundesweiten Fließgewässertypologie.- Monographien des UBA, Band 82, Umweltbundesamt, Wien, 192pp. MELZER, A., HARLACHER, R., HELD, K., SIRCH, R. & VOGT E. (1986): Die Macrophytenvegetation des Chiemsees.- Informationsbericht Bayer. Landesamt f. Wasserwirtschaft, 4/86, 210pp. MOOG, O., SCHMIDT-KLOIBER, A., OFENBÖCK, T. & GERRITSEN J. (2001): Aquatische Ökoregionen und Fließgewässer-Bioregionen Österreichs – eine Gliederung nach geoökologischen Milieufaktoren und Macrozoobenthos-Zönosen.- Publikationen Wasserwirtschaftskataster, BMLFUW, 1-106. NIKLFELD, H. (1999): Rote Listen gefährdeter Pflanzen Österreichs.- Grüne Reihe des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit und Umweltschutz, Band 10, Wien, 292pp. NIJBOER, R. C., JOHNSON, R. K., VERDONSCHOT, P. F. M., SOMMERHÄUSER, M. & BUFFAGNI A. (2004): Establishing reference conditions for European streams.- Hydrobiologia 516, 91 – 105. PALL, K. & JANAUER, G. A. (1995): Die Makrophytenvegetation von Flußstauen am Beispiel der Donau zwischen Fluß-km 2552,0 und 2511,8 in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.- Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 101, Large Rivers 9/2, 91-109. PALL, K. & MOSER V. (2006): Bewertungsverfahren für österreichische Fließgewässer nach EU-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie: Qualitätselement Macrophyten. Endbericht der Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Land und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft. PALL, K. & MOSER, V. (2009): Austrian Index Macrophytes (AIM-Module 1) for lakes: a Water Framework Directive compliant assessment system for lakes using aquatic macrophytes.- Hydrobiologia 633, 83-104. PALL, K., RÁTH, B. & JANAUER, G. (1996): Die Makrophyten in dynamischen und abgedämmten Gewässersystemen der Kleinen Schüttinsel (Donau Fluß-km 1848 bis 1806) in Ungarn.- Limnologica 26/1, 105-115.

34

PIPP, E. & PFISTER P. (2005): Leitbildbezogenes Bewertungsverfahren für österreichische Fließgewässer an Hand des Phytobenthos gemäß EU-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie, Vorschlag für ein Trophie-basiertes Bewertungsverfahren.- Studie im Auftrag des BMLFUW, unveröff. Bericht, 278pp. WALLIN, M., WIDERHOLM, T. & JOHNSON R. K. (2003). Guidance of establishing reference conditions and ecological status class boundaries for inland surface waters.- CIS WFD Working Group 2.3, 1-89. WIMMER, R. & CHOVANEC A. (2000): Fließgewässertypen in Österreich als Grundlage für die Erarbeitung eines Überwachungsnetzes im Sinne des Anhang II der EU-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie.- Publikationen Wasserwirtschaftskataster, BMLFUW, 1-39. WIMMER, R. & MOOG O. (1994): Flußordnungszahlen österreichischer Fließgewässer.- Monographie des UBA, Band 51, Umweltbundesamt, Wien, 581pp.

35

17 ANNEX 17.1 References on taxa determination, taxonomy (selection) Casper, S.J. & H.-D. Krausch, 1980: Pteridophyta und Anthophyta, 1.Teil.- In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J.

& H. Heynig [Hrsg.]: Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 23.- Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 403pp.

Casper, S.J. & H.-D. Krausch, 1981: Pteridophyta und Anthophyta, 2.Teil.- In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J. & H. Heynig [Hrsg.]: Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 24.- Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 539pp.

Cook, C.D.K., Gut, B.J., Rix, E.M., Schneller, J. & M. Seitz, 1974: Water plants of the world: a manual for the determination of the genera of freshwater macrophytes.- Junk, The Hague, i-viii, 561pp.

Corillion, R., 1957: Les Charophycées de France et d’Europe Occidentale.- Bull. Soc. Sci. Bretagne 32, 499pp.

Jermy, A.C. & T.G. Tutin, 1982: Sedges or the British Isles.- Botanical Society of the British Isles, Handbook No. 1, London, 268pp.

Fischer, M.A., Oswald, K. & W. Adler, 2008: Exkursionsfolra für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol.- 3. Aufl., Linz, 1392pp.

Frahm, J.-P. & W. Frey, 2004: Moosflora. 4. Auflage, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 538pp. Krause, W., 1997: Charales (Charophyceae).- In: Ettl, H., Gärtner, G., Heynig, H & D.

Mollenhauer [Hrsg.]: Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 18.- Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 202pp.

Mönkemeyer, W., 1927: Die Laubmoose Europas.- In: Rabenhorst, G.L. (Begr.), Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, Band. 4.- Geest & Portig, Leipzig, 960pp.

Moore, J.A., 1986: Charophytes of Great Britain and Ireland.- Botanical Society of the British Isles, Handbook No. 5, London, 140pp.

Nebel, M. & G. Philippi [Hrsg.], 2000: Die Moose Baden-Württembergs, Band 1.- Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 512pp.

Nebel, M. & G. Philippi [Hrsg.], 2001: Die Moose Baden-Württembergs, Band 2.- Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 529pp.

Nebel, M. & G. Philippi [Hrsg.], 2005: Die Moose Baden-Württembergs, Band 3.- Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 487pp.

Niklfeld, H., 1999: Rote Listen gefährdeter Pflanzen Österreichs.- Grüne Reihe des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit und Umweltschutz, Band 10, Wien, 292pp.

Paton, J.A., 1999: The liverwort flora of the British Isles.- Harley Books, Colchester, 626pp. Paul, H., Mönkemeyer, W. & V. Schiffner, 1931: Bryophyta (Sphagnales – Bryales –

Hepaticae).- In: Pascher, A. [Hrsg.]: Die Süßwasserflora Mitteleuropas, Band 22.- Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 252pp.

Preston, C.D., 1995: Pondweeds of Great Britain and Ireland.- Botanical Society of the British Isles, Handbook No. 8, London, 350pp.

36

Rothmaler, W. [Begr.], 2005: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Band 4 Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band.- 10. bearbeitete Auflage, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, München, 980pp.

Rothmaler, W. [Begr.], 2009: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Band 3 Gefäßpflanzen: Atlasband.- 11. durchgesehene Auflage, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin, 753pp.

Smith, A.J.E., 1978: The moss flora of Britain and Ireland.- Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 706pp.

Smith, A.J.E., 1992: The liverworts of Britain and Ireland.- Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 362pp.

17.2 Recording sheets On the following pages, examples of recording sheets are given:

• Recording sheet Additional parameters - Running waters

• Recording sheet Macrophytes - Running waters including corresponding explanatory remarks.

37

Starting point End point

HW High water levelM W Mean w. l. NW Low w. l.

Transverse structures / Streambed engin. str.

L Left R Right

Use of [%]surrounding land

Integration with surrounding land

Type

RW: Running waters

TypeHead ofwater [cm]

Bank vegetation [%]

Montane perennial herbs

Dominant type in headwater area

Streambed width

Distance/ground line

Cross-section depth

Water depth

Industry Extens.Meadow

Residential area Forest

Y / N

Agriculture Alluvial forestRemarks

Road Woodland belts Cycle path Shrubbery Is there an impact? Mixed forest Montane

perennial herbs

Broad-leaved forest Missing

Anthropogenic

0 / 1 2 3

None Width [m] Naturally abiotic

0 / 1 2 3

Use

L R Buffer zone [%] L R

Pot. impairment of colonisation

Conifer forest Pondweed

0 / 1 2 3 0 / 1 2 3 Conifer forest Sapropel

Uncontrolled growth of algae

Detritus

L Bank gradient [%] R Broad-leaved for. Xylal

% Mixed forest

Shading

Alluvial forest Pelal 0 / 1 2 3

Shrubbery Psammal

Microlithal Concrete/Wall Due to rain?

Single wood Akal

Turbidity 0 / 1 2 3 Pavement Pondweed Mesolithal

No structures Missing

Macrolithal

L R Substrate [%] L R Substrate diversity

NW 0 / 1 2 3Industry

Bank

/ Su

bsoi

l

Bank engineer. structures [%]

L R

Megalithal 0 / 1 2 3

Riprap Meadow

AgricultureBend curvature Flow tendency Depth diversity

Residential areas0 / 1 2 3 HW MW

LakeAgriculture

Current diversityImpoundment

Industry 0 / 1 2 3Discharge

River type

Gen

erel

le P

aram

eter

Catchment area Direct impactup appr. 500 m above

Cross-section meas. [m] Current

Tributary riverResidential area

0 / 1 2 3

Unaffected [M/s] (estimated):

Y

Sea level Alkalinity [meq/l]

Project Client Contractor

Photograph Person in Charge

Catchment area [km²]

RECORDING SHEET ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS – RW G

ener

al p

aram

eter

s

River Site code Date X

No. from No. to

Site description

Sampling site River-km Meridian

38

* PMI: Plant Quantity according to KOHLER (1978)

** Site: SUBM = submerged WAL = water inundation line SPWZ = splash-water zone

SPWZType PMI*

Substrate Site **

Rock Wood Silt Soil SUBM WAL

Mosses

Higher Plants, ferns, characeaType PMI* Type PMI*

RECORDING SHEET MACROPHYTES – RUNNING WATERS

River Site code Date in chargePerson

39

Explanatory remarkStarting and end point of the survey section must be levelled by way ofGPS; indication of east and north coordinates (Austrian CartesianCoordinate System)M28, M31 or M34More detailed description of location, above or below sewage treatment plant, …Person in chargeRiver type according to macrophyte typologyif not indicated otherwise: 4-point scale; 0 (none) - 1 (low) - 2 (moderate) - 3 (strong/high)Describes the dominant determinants in the catchment area of the river site4-point scale: 0 (straight-line, elongate) - 1 (slightly curved) - 2 (moderately curved) - 3 (sharply curved/meandering)Distance of upper embankment edgeStreambed until upper embankment edgeHigh water level – mean water level – low water level at time of recording4-point scale: 0 (none) - 1 (calmly flowing) - 2 (flowing, characterized by turbulences) - 3 (turbulent)Transverse structure: indication of type and of head of water (FH) in cmStreambed engineering structures: Indication of type and of how many % of the survey section are affected4-point scale: 0 (flat) - 1 (gently inclined) - 2 (steep) - 3 (vertical)Solely the embankment vegetation is to be consideredAccording to ÖNORM M6232 (see below) 0 – Completely sunny (from sunrise to sunset) 1 – Sunny (for the most time elapsing between sunrise and sunset; yet always completely in the sun during the warmest hours of the day) 2 – Semi-shady (more than half of the day and always shaded during noon) 3 – Shady (full shade under trees)The part between the upper embankment edge and the surrounding land which is used for several purposes. Natural vegetation only!!Describes the extent to which the water body is linked with the surrounding land.Natural, abiotic factors: water current, shading, bed load,…Anthropogenic: oil, waste, …

Designation Range of grain sizes Description of partial habitatMegalithal More than 40 cm Upper surface of large stones and boulders, solid rock

Macrolithal More than 20 cm to40 cm

Coarse boulders, appr. head-size stones predominant, variable shares ofstone, gravel and sand

Mesolithal More than 6.3 cm to 20 cm

Fist-to-hand-size stones with variable shares of gravel and sand

Microlithal More than 2 cm to 6.3cm

Coarse gravel (of pigeon’s-egg to child’s-fist size) with shares of mediumand fine gravel and sand

Akal 0.2 cm to 2 cm Fine-to-medium gravel

Psammal More than 0.063 mm to 2 mm

Sand

Pelal Less than 0.063 mm Silt, loam, clay and sludge

Detritus

XylalSapropel

Sub

stra

te a

ccor

ding

to Ö

NO

RM

623

2

Deposits from particular organic matter; there is CPOM (= coarse particular organic matter), such as fallen leaves, and FPOM (= fine particular organic matter)Tree trunks (woody debris), branches, roots, etc.Putrid sludge

Use

Buffer zone

Integration with surrounding land

Pot. impairment of colonisationThere is an impact

Transverse structure

Streambed engin. str.

Bank gradient

Ban

k / S

ubso

il

Bank vegetationSubstrate

Shading according to Wörlein (1992):

0 / 1 2 3

Gen

eral

info

rmat

ion

Catchment area

Bend curvature

Distance/ground lineCross-section depth

Flow tendency

Water current

Remarks Recording Sheet Additional ParametersSurvey parameter

Gen

eral

rem

arks X and Y

Meridian

Site description

Person in chargeRiver type, dominant type

40

17.3 Indicative macrophyte species: List of species Taxonomy of Charophyta according to KRAUSE (1997), Bryophyta according to FRAHM & FREY (2004), Higher Plants according to FISCHER et al. (2008).

SPECIES Life form Abbreviation Charophyta Chara aspera Hyd CHA ASP Chara contraria Hyd CHA CON Chara delicatula Hyd CHA DEL Chara globularis Hyd CHA GLO Chara gymnophylla Hyd CHA GYM Chara hispida Hyd CHA HIS Chara strigosa Hyd CHA STR Chara vulgaris Hyd CHA VUL Bryophyta Amblystegium humile A AMB HUM Amblystegium varium A AMB VAR Aneura pinguis A ANE PIN Barbula sinuosa A BAB SIN Barbula spadicea (Hyd) BAB SPA Barbula tophacea (Hyd) BAB TOP Blindia acuta A BLI ACU Brachythecium plumosum (Hyd) BRA PLU Brachythecium rivulare Hyd BRA RIV Calliergon cordifolium A CAI COR Calliergon giganteum A CAI GIG Campylium stellatum A CAP STE Chiloscyphus pallescens Hyd CHI PAL Chiloscyphus polyanthos Hyd CHI POL Cinclidotus aquaticus Hyd CIN AQU Cinclidotus danubicus Hyd CIN DAN Cinclidotus fontinaloides Hyd CIN FON Cinclidotus riparius Hyd CIN RIP Conocephalum conicum A CON CON Cratoneueron commutatum A CRA COM Cratoneuron commutatum var. falcatum (Hyd) CRA COF Cratoneuron commutatum var. fluctuans Hyd CRA COL Cratoneuron filicinum A, Hyd CRA FIL Dichodontium palustre Hyd DIH PAL Dichodontium pellucidum Hyd DIH PEL Drepanocladus aduncus (Hyd) DRE ADU Drepanocladus sendtneri A DRE SEN Eurhynchium speciosum A EUR SPE Fissidens adianthoides A FIS ADI Fissidens crassipes Hyd FIS CRA

41

SPECIES Life form Abbreviation Fissidens rufulus Hyd FIS RUF Fontinalis antipyretica Hyd FON ANT Fontinalis squamosa Hyd FON SQU Hygroamblystegium fluviatile Hyd HYA FLU Hygroamblystegium tenax Hyd HYA TEN Hygrohypnum duriusculum Hyd HYG DUR Hygrohypnum eugyrium Hyd HYG EUG Hygrohypnum luridum (Hyd) HYG LUR Hygrohypnum ochraceum Hyd HYG OCH Hyophila involuta Hyd HYO INV Jungermannia atrovirens (Hyd) JUG ATR Jungermannia sphaerocarpa (Hyd) JUG SPH Leptodictyum riparium Hyd LEP RIP Marchantia polymorpha A MAR POL Octodiceras fontanum Hyd OCT FON Orthotrichum cupulatum var. riparium Hyd ORT RIP Pellia endiviifolia A PEL END Pellia epiphylla (Hyd) PEL EPI Philonotis calcarea A PHI CAL Philonotis fontana A PHI FON Philonotis tomentella A PHI TOM Platyhypnidium riparioides Hyd PLA RIP Pohlia ludwigii A POH LUD Pohlia wahlenbergii. A POH WAL Racomitrium aciculare Hyd RAC ACI Racomitrium aquaticum Hyd RAC AQU Riccia rhenana Hyd RIC RHE Scapania undulata Hyd SCA UND Schistidium apocarpum s. str. (Hyd) SCS APO Schistidium rivulare Hyd SCS RIV Scorpidium scorpioides (Hyd) SCO SCO Thamnobryum alopecurum Hyd THA ALO Pteridophyta Equisetum fluviatile A EQU FLU Equisetum palustre A EQU PAL Spermatophyta Agrostis stolonifera A AGR STO Alisma gramineum A ALI GRA Alisma lanceolatum A ALI LAN Alisma plantago-aquatica A ALI PLA Alopecurus aequalis A ALO AEQ Berula erecta A BER ERE Butomus umbellatus A BUT UMB Callitriche cophocarpa Hyd CAL COP

42

SPECIES Life form Abbreviation Callitriche hamulata Hyd CAL HAM Callitriche obtusangula Hyd CAL OBT Callitriche palustris s. str. A CAL PAL Callitriche platycarpa Hyd CAL PLA Callitriche stagnalis A CAL STA Caltha palustris H CAT PAL Cardamine amara A CAM AMA Ceratophyllum demersum s. str. Hyd CER DEM Deschampsia cespitosa A DES CES Eleocharis acicularis A ELE ACI Elodea canadensis Hyd ELO CAN Elodea nuttallii Hyd ELO NUT Galium palustre (s. str.) A GAL PAL Glyceria declinata A GLY DEC Glyceria fluitans A GYL FLU Glyceria maxima H GLY MAX Groenlandia densa Hyd GRO DEN Hippuris vulgaris Hyd HIP VUL Lagarosiphon major Hyd LAG MAJ Lemna minor Hyd LEM MIN Lysimachia nummularia A LYS NUM Mentha aquatica A MEN AQU Montia fontana Hyd MON FON Myriophyllum spicatum Hyd MYR SPI Myriophyllum verticillatum Hyd MYR VER Najas marina subsp. intermedia Hyd NAJ INT Najas marina subsp. marina Hyd NAJ MAR Nasturtium officinale (s. str.) A NAS OFF Nuphar lutea Hyd NUP LUT Nymphaea alba Hyd NYM ALB Persicaria amphibia A PER AMP Persicaria dubia A PER DUB Persicaria hydropiper A PER HYD Poa palustris A POA PAL Potamogeton alpinus Hyd POT ALP Potamogeton coloratus Hyd POT COL Potamogeton crispus Hyd POT CRI Potamogeton filiformis Hyd POT FIL Potamogeton friesii Hyd POT FRI Potamogeton lucens Hyd POT LUC Potamogeton natans Hyd POT NAT Potamogeton nodosus Hyd POT NOD Potamogeton obtusifolius Hyd POT OBT Potamogeton pectinatus Hyd POT PEC

43

SPECIES Life form Abbreviation Potamogeton perfoliatus Hyd POT PER Potamogeton pusillus s. str. Hyd POT PUS Ranunculus aquatilis Hyd RAN AQU Ranunculus circinatus Hyd RAN CIR Ranunculus fluitans Hyd RAN FLU Ranunculus trichophyllus s. str. Hyd RAN TRI Rorippa amphibia A ROR AMP Saxifraga stellaris SW SAX STE Schoenoplectus lacustris A SCH LAC Sparganium emersum A SPA EME Spirodela polyrhiza Hyd SPI POL Veronica anagallis-aquatica A VER ANA Veronica beccabunga A VER BEC Veronica catenata A VER CAT Zannichellia palustris Hyd ZAN PAL

44

17.4 River types and large rivers according to macrophyte typology 1. Alpine rivers – Silicate (Central Alps) > 800 m (in the following: ASh)

Ecoregion 4 Bioregions: Glaciated & Unglaciated Central Alps > 800 m

2. Alpine rivers – Silicate (Central Alps) < 800 m (ASt) incl. Alpine rivers – Silicate (Foothills of the Central Alps) > 800 m (Special status) Ecoregion 4 Bioregions: Glaciated & Unglaciated Central Alps < 800 m Ridges and Foothills of the Central Alps > 800 m

3. Alpine rivers – Silicate (Foothills of the Central Alps) < 800 m (Special status) (AZ) Ecoregion 4 Bioregions: Ridges and Foothills of the Central Alps < 800 m

4. Alpine rivers – Limestone (Limestone Alps) > 800 m (AKh) Ecoregion 4 Bioregions: Flysch Region, Limestone Foothills of the Alps, Northern Limestone Alps, Southern Alps & Helveticum > 800 m

5. Alpine rivers – Limestone (Limestone Alps & Alpine Regions in the Rhine River Basin) < 800 m (AKt) Ecoregion 4 Bioregions: Flysch Region, Limestone Foothills of the Alps, Northern Limestone Alps, Southern Alps, Helveticum & Alpine Molasse < 800 m

6. Rivers of the Central Highlands – Silicate (Granite and Gneiss Region of the Bohemian Massif) > 800 m (MSh) Ecoregion 9 Bioregions: Austrian Granite and Gneiss Region of the Bohemian Massif > 800 m

7. Rivers of the Central Highlands – Silicate (Granite and Gneiss Region of the Bohemian Massif) < 800 m (MSt) Ecoregion 9 Bioregions: Austrian Granite and Gneiss Region of the Bohemian Massif < 800 m

8. Rivers of the Central Highlands – Limestone (Foothills of the Alps) < 800 m (MKt)

Ecoregion 9 Bioregions: Swiss-Vorarlberg Alpine Foothills & Bavarian-Austrian Alpine Foothills < 800 m

9. Rivers of the Hungarian Plain 200 to 800 m (UTh) Ecoregion 11 Bioregion: Eastern Lowlands and Uplands 200 to 800 m

10. Rivers of the Hungarian Plain < 200 m (UTt) Ecoregion 11 Bioregion: Eastern Lowlands and Uplands < 200 m

11. Rivers of the Dinaric Western Balkans < 800 m (DW)

45

Ecoregion 5 Bioregions: Grazer Feld Plain and Grabenland & Rivers of the Southern Inneralpine Basins < 800 m

12. Large rivers: Danube, Drava, Enns, Inn, Morava / Thaya, Mur, Rhine, Salzach, Traun

13. Special type “Summer-warm lake outflows” (for the time being, limited to outflows of the lakes of the Bavarian-Austrian Alpine Foothills and the lakes of the Northern Limestone Foothills of the Alps).

Figure 1: Macrophyte typology of Austrian running waters;

based on the ecoregions according to ILLIES (1978) and on the running-water bioregions of Austria (MOOG et al., 2001).

Map O-TYP4 – River typology of surface waters – Macrophyte classification (link: http://wisa.bmlfuw.gv.at/fachinfomration/ngp/ngp-2015.html)

46

17.5 Macrophytes – Classification list The classification of the individual species into different types of running waters is given in the following tables. It shall be taken note of the fact in this context that the species classifications correspond to the current progress! There are plans to supplement lists in the course of new surveys and to update them, if need be. CURRENT SHORTCOMINGS The method introduced here has been developed on the basis of a limited number of sampling sites in the framework of a survey programme. Organisms were classified into indication lists. The lists which were prepared in the process were supplemented by literature references. These classification lists may exhibit gaps or errors which are discernible only in the process of application. With the exception of the Danube, there are currently no classification lists available for the Large Rivers. For the Mur and Morava rivers, the lists are currently in the state of preparation. For the remaining Large Rivers, the data available for the preparation of separate lists do currently not suffice. Yet these rivers can, for the time being, be assessed on the basis of the list corresponding to the respective location of the water bodies (see Pt. 17.4, Fig. 1). For the specific type of “Summer-warm lake outflows”, there is currently only a list for outflows of the lakes of the Bavarian-Austrian Alpine Foothills and for the lakes of the Northern Limestone Foothills of the Alps. Lake outflows in other regions can, for the time being, be assessed on the basis of the list corresponding to the respective location of the water body (see Pt. 17.4, Fig. 1). The respective results must, however, be subject to a stringent plausibility check. As it stands now, the assessment system only considers the species which were found in the course of the basic survey as well as of GZÜV 2007 in Austria. It is not only to be expected, but also desirable that new species will have to be added and included in the course of the surveying of additional sampling sites. The big asset of this assessment procedure is that additional macrophyte species can be added to the river-type-specific lists at any time. In this context, possible extensions of the lists do not have any impact on existing assessments. The required extensions or adjustments of the lists will be carried out in a central place and in cooperation with experts.

47

Remarks concerning the following lists: To date, it has not been possible to classify species marked in orange into all the lists because there was not enough information available as regards their ecological needs (only very rare incidence in Austria and only insufficient information in the literature). The species which are to be regarded as ubiquists in the respective river type (macrophyte typology) are marked in green.

48

Ash 1 2 3 4 Ash 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1 1CHA_CON 1 1 THA_ALO 1 1CHA_DEL 1 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 1 EQU_FLU 1 1CHA_GYM 1 1 EQU_PAL 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRAB R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1AMB_HUM 1 ALI_PLA 1AMB_VAR 1 1 ALO_AEQ 1ANE_PIN 1 1 BER_ERE 1 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1BRA_PLU 1 1 CAL_COP 1BRA_RIV 1 1 1 CAL_HAM 1CAI_COR 1 1 CAL_OBT 1CAI_GIG 1 CAL_PAL 1CAP_STE 1 1 CAL_PLA 1 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1 1CHI_POL 1 1 CAR_AMA 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1CIN_DAN 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELE_ACI 1CON_CON 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1CRA_FIL 1 1 GRO_DEN 1 1DIC_PAL 1 HIP_VUL 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 1 LYS_NUM 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 MYR_SPI 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 NAJ_MAR 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1FIS_CRA 1 NUP_LUT 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1 1FON_SQU 1 1 POL_AMP 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1HYG_EUG 1 1 POL_MIT 1HYG_FLU 1 POT_ALP 1HYG_LUR 1 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 1 POT_FIL 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 1 POT_LUC 1JUG_SPH 1 POT_NAT 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1MAC_POL 1 POT_PEC 1OCT FON 1 POT_PER 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PUS 1 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1 1PEL_EPI 1 1 RAN_CIR 1PHI_CAL 1 1 RAN_FLU 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1POH_LUD 1 SAX_STE 1 1POH_WAL 1 1 SCH_LAC 1RAC_ACI 1 1 SPA_EME 1RAC_AQU 1 1 SPI_POL 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1RII_RHE 1 VER_BEC 1 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1SCO_SCO 1 ZAN_PAL 1

49

Ast 1 2 3 4 Ast 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1CHA_CON 1 1 THA_ALO 1CHA_DEL 1 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 1 EQU_FLU 1CHA_GYM 1 1 EQU_PAL 1 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRAB R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1AMB_HUM 1 1 ALI_PLA 1 1AMB_VAR 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1ANE_PIN 1 BER_ERE 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_HAM 1 1CAI_COR 1 CAL_OBT 1CAI_GIG 1 CAL_PAL 1CAP_STE 1 1 CAL_PLA 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1 1CIN_DAN 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELE_ACI 1 1CON_CON 1 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1 1DIC_PAL 1 HIP_VUL 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 MYR_SPI 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 NAJ_MAR 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1 1FIS_CRA 1 1 NUP_LUT 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1HYG_EUG 1 POL_MIT 1HYG_FLU 1 1 POT_ALP 1HYG_LUR 1 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 POT_FIL 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 1 POT_LUC 1 1JUG_SPH 1 POT_NAT 1 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1MAC_POL 1 1 POT_PEC 1OCT FON 1 POT_PER 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PUS 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_FLU 1 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1POH_LUD SAX_STE 1POH_WAL 1 1 SCH_LAC 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1RAC_AQU 1 SPI_POL 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1 1RII_RHE 1 VER_BEC 1 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1SCO_SCO 1 ZAN_PAL 1

50

AZ 1 2 3 4 AZ 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1CHA_CON 1 1 THA_ALO 1 1CHA_DEL 1 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 1 EQU_FLU 1 1CHA_GYM 1 1 EQU_PAL 1 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRAB R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1 1AMB_HUM 1 ALI_PLA 1AMB_VAR 1 ALO_AEQ 1ANE_PIN 1 BER_ERE 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_HAM 1 1CAI_COR 1 1 CAL_OBT 1 1CAI_GIG 1 1 CAL_PAL 1 1CAP_STE 1 CAL_PLA 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1 1 1CIN_DAN 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELE_ACI 1 1CON_CON 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1 1 1DIC_PAL 1 HIP_VUL 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 1 MYR_SPI 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 NAJ_MAR 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1 1FIS_CRA 1 NUP_LUT 1 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1 1HYG_EUG 1 POL_MIT 1HYG_FLU 1 POT_ALP 1HYG_LUR 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 POT_FIL 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 1 POT_LUC 1 1JUG_SPH 1 POT_NAT 1 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1MAC_POL 1 POT_PEC 1 1OCT FON 1 1 POT_PER 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PUS 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_FLU 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1 1POH_LUD SAX_STE 1POH_WAL 1 SCH_LAC 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1 1RAC_AQU 1 1 SPI_POL 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1RII_RHE 1 VER_BEC 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1 1SCO_SCO 1 1 ZAN_PAL 1

51

Akh 1 2 3 4 Akh 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1CHA_CON 1 1 THA_ALO 1 1CHA_DEL 1 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 1 EQU_FLU 1 1CHA_GYM 1 1 EQU_PAL 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRA 1 1B R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1AMB_HUM 1 ALI_PLA 1AMB_VAR 1 1 ALO_AEQ 1ANE_PIN 1 1 BER_ERE 1 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1BRA_RIV 1 1 1 CAL_HAM 1CAI_COR 1 1 CAL_OBT 1CAI_GIG 1 CAL_PAL 1CAP_STE 1 1 CAL_PLA 1 1CHI_PAL 1 1 CAL_STA 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1CIN_DAN 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELE_ACI 1CON_CON 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1CRA_FIL 1 1 GRO_DEN 1 1DIC_PAL 1 HIP_VUL 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 1 LYS_NUM 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 MYR_SPI 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 1 NAJ_MAR 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1 1FIS_CRA 1 NUP_LUT 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1 1HYG_EUG POL_MIT 1HYG_FLU 1 POT_ALP 1HYG_LUR 1 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 1 POT_FIL 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 POT_LUC 1JUG_SPH 1 1 POT_NAT 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1MAC_POL 1 POT_PEC 1OCT FON 1 POT_PER 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PUS 1 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1PHI_CAL 1 1 RAN_FLU 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1POH_LUD SAX_STEPOH_WAL 1 1 SCH_LAC 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1RAC_AQU 1 SPI_POL 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1RII_RHE 1 VER_BEC 1 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1SCO_SCO 1 1 ZAN_PAL 1

52

Akt 1 2 3 4 Akt 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1 1CHA_CON 1 1 THA_ALO 1CHA_DEL 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 1 EQU_FLU 1CHA_GYM 1 1 EQU_PAL 1 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRA 1 1B R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1 1AMB_HUM 1 1 ALI_PLA 1AMB_VAR 1 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1ANE_PIN 1 BER_ERE 1 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_HAM 1CAI_COR 1 CAL_OBT 1CAI_GIG 1 1 CAL_PAL 1CAP_STE 1 1 CAL_PLA 1 1 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1 1CIN_DAN 1 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELE_ACI 1 1CON_CON 1 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1 1DIC_PAL 1 HIP_VUL 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 1 MYR_SPI 1 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 1 NAJ_MAR 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1 1 1FIS_CRA 1 1 NUP_LUT 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1HYG_EUG POL_MIT 1HYG_FLU 1 1 POT_ALP 1 1HYG_LUR 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 POT_FIL 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 POT_LUC 1 1JUG_SPH 1 1 POT_NAT 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1MAC_POL 1 1 POT_PEC 1OCT FON 1 POT_PER 1 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PUS 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_FLU 1 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1 1POH_LUD SAX_STEPOH_WAL 1 1 SCH_LAC 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1RAC_AQU 1 SPI_POL 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1 1RII_RHE 1 VER_BEC 1 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1 1SCO_SCO 1 1 ZAN_PAL 1

53

Msh 1 2 3 4 Msh 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1 1 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1CHA_CON 1 1 THA_ALO 1CHA_DEL 1 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 1 EQU_FLU 1CHA_GYM 1 1 EQU_PAL 1 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRAB R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1AMB_HUM 1 ALI_PLA 1 1AMB_VAR 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1ANE_PIN 1 BER_ERE 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_HAM 1 1CAI_COR 1 CAL_OBT 1CAI_GIG 1 1 CAL_PAL 1CAP_STE 1 1 CAL_PLA 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1 1CIN_DAN 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 DES_CES 1 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELE_ACI 1 1CON_CON 1 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1 1DIC_PAL 1 HIP_VUL 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FON 1DRE_ADU 1 1 MYR_SPI 1DRE_SEN 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 NAJ_MAR 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1FIS_CRA 1 1 NUP_LUT 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1HYG_EUG 1 POL_MIT 1HYG_FLU 1 1 POT_ALP 1HYG_LUR 1 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 1 POT_FIL 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 1 POT_LUC 1JUG_SPH 1 POT_NAT 1 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1MAC_POL 1 1 POT_PEC 1OCT FON 1 1 POT_PER 1ORT_RIP 1 POT_PUS 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_FLU 1 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1POH_LUD SAX_STE 1 1POH_WAL 1 1 SCH_LAC 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1RAC_AQU 1 SPI_POL 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1 1RII_RHE 1 1 VER_BEC 1 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1SCO_SCO 1 ZAN_PAL 1

54

Mst 1 2 3 4 Mst 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1CHA_CON 1 THA_ALO 1 1CHA_DEL 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 EQU_FLU 1CHA_GYM 1 EQU_PAL 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRAB R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1 1AMB_HUM 1 1 ALI_PLA 1 1AMB_VAR 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1 1ANE_PIN 1 BER_ERE 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_HAM 1CAI_COR 1 1 1 CAL_OBT 1 1CAI_GIG 1 CAL_PAL 1CAP_STE 1 CAL_PLA 1 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1 1 1CIN_DAN 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1CIN_RIP 1 ELE_ACI 1CON_CON 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1 1 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1 1 1DIC_PAL 1 HIP_VUL 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FON 1DRE_ADU 1 MYR_SPI 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1 1EUR_SPE 1 NAJ_MAR 1 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1 1FIS_CRA 1 1 NUP_LUT 1 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1 1HYG_EUG 1 POL_MIT 1 1HYG_FLU 1 1 POT_ALP 1HYG_LUR 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 1 POT_FIL 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 1 POT_LUC 1 1JUG_SPH 1 POT_NAT 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1 1MAC_POL 1 1 1 POT_PEC 1 1OCT FON 1 1 POT_PER 1 1ORT_RIP 1 POT_PUS 1 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_FLU 1 1 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1 1POH_LUD SAX_STE 1POH_WAL 1 SCH_LAC 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1 1RAC_AQU 1 SPI_POL 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1 1RII_RHE 1 1 VER_BEC 1 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1 1 1SCO_SCO 1 ZAN_PAL 1

55

Mkt 1 2 3 4 Mkt 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1 1CHA_CON 1 1 THA_ALO 1 1CHA_DEL 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 1 EQU_FLU 1 1CHA_GYM 1 1 EQU_PAL 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRA 1 1B R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1 1AMB_HUM 1 1 ALI_PLA 1AMB_VAR 1 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1ANE_PIN 1 BER_ERE 1 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_HAM 1CAI_COR 1 CAL_OBT 1 1CAI_GIG 1 1 CAL_PAL 1CAP_STE 1 1 CAL_PLA 1 1 1 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1CIN_DAN 1 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELE_ACI 1 1CON_CON 1 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1 1DIC_PAL HIP_VUL 1 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 1 MYR_SPI 1 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 1 NAJ_MAR 1 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1 1 1FIS_CRA 1 1 NUP_LUT 1 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1HYG_EUG POL_MIT 1HYG_FLU 1 1 POT_ALP 1 1HYG_LUR 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 POT_FIL 1HYO_INV 1 1 POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 POT_LUC 1 1JUG_SPH 1 1 POT_NAT 1 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1MAC_POL 1 1 POT_PEC 1OCT FON 1 1 POT_PER 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PUS 1 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_FLU 1 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1 1POH_LUD SAX_STEPOH_WAL 1 SCH_LAC 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1 1RAC_AQU 1 SPI_POL 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1RII_RHE 1 1 VER_BEC 1 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1 1 1SCO_SCO 1 1 ZAN_PAL 1

56

UTh 1 2 3 4 UTh 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1 1CHA_CON 1 THA_ALO 1 1CHA_DEL 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 EQU_FLU 1CHA_GYM 1 EQU_PAL 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRA 1 1 1B R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1 1AMB_HUM 1 1 ALI_PLA 1 1AMB_VAR 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1 1ANE_PIN 1 BER_ERE 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1 1 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_HAM 1CAI_COR 1 CAL_OBT 1CAI_GIG 1 1 CAL_PAL 1CAP_STE 1 CAL_PLA 1 1 1 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1 1CIN_DAN 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELE_ACI 1CON_CON 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1DIC_PAL HIP_VUL 1 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 1 MYR_SPI 1 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1 1EUR_SPE 1 NAJ_MAR 1 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1 1FIS_CRA 1 NUP_LUT 1 1 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1 1 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1 1 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1HYG_EUG POL_MIT 1 1HYG_FLU 1 1 POT_ALP 1HYG_LUR 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 1 POT_FIL 1 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 POT_LUC 1JUG_SPH 1 1 POT_NAT 1LEP_RIP 1 1 POT_NOD 1 1MAC_POL 1 POT_PEC 1 1OCT FON 1 1 POT_PER 1 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PUS 1 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_FLU 1 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1 1POH_LUD SAX_STEPOH_WAL 1 SCH_LAC 1 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1RAC_AQU 1 SPI_POL 1 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1 1RII_RHE 1 1 VER_BEC 1 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1 1SCO_SCO 1 1 ZAN_PAL 1

57

UTt 1 2 3 4 UTt 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1 1CHA_CON 1 THA_ALO 1 1CHA_DEL 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 EQU_FLU 1CHA_GYM 1 EQU_PAL 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRA 1 1B R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1 1 1 1AMB_HUM 1 ALI_PLA 1 1 1 1AMB_VAR 1 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1ANE_PIN 1 BER_ERE 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1 1 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1 1BRA_RIV 1 CAL_HAM 1CAI_COR 1 CAL_OBT 1 1CAI_GIG 1 CAL_PAL 1 1CAP_STE 1 CAL_PLA 1 1 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1 1CIN_DAN 1 1 CER_DEM 1 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1CIN_RIP 1 ELE_ACI 1CON_CON 1 1 ELO_CAN 1 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1 1 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1DIC_PAL HIP_VUL 1 1 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 MYR_SPI 1 1DRE_SEN 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 1 NAJ_MAR 1 1 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1 1FIS_CRA 1 NUP_LUT 1 1 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1 1 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1HYG_EUG POL_MIT 1HYG_FLU 1 POT_ALP 1HYG_LUR 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 POT_FIL 1 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1 1JUG_ATR 1 POT_LUC 1 1JUG_SPH 1 1 POT_NAT 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1 1 1MAC_POL 1 1 POT_PEC 1OCT FON 1 1 POT_PER 1 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PUS 1 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_FLU 1 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1POH_LUD SAX_STEPOH_WAL 1 SCH_LAC 1 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1 1RAC_AQU 1 SPI_POL 1 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1RII_RHE 1 VER_BEC 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1 1SCO_SCO 1 ZAN_PAL 1 1

58

DW 1 2 3 4 DW 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_APO 1 1CHA_ASP 1 SCS_RIV 1 1CHA_CON 1 1 THA_ALO 1 1CHA_DEL 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 1 EQU_FLU 1 1CHA_GYM 1 1 EQU_PAL 1CHA_HIS 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_STR 1 AGR_STO 1 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALI_GRA 1 1 1B R Y O P H Y T A ALI_LAN 1 1AMB_HUM 1 1 ALI_PLA 1 1AMB_VAR 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1 1ANE_PIN 1 BER_ERE 1BLI_ACU 1 BUT_UMB 1 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_COP 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_HAM 1CAI_COR 1 CAL_OBT 1CAI_GIG 1 1 CAL_PAL 1CAP_STE 1 CAL_PLA 1 1 1 1CHI_PAL 1 CAL_STA 1 1CHI_POL 1 CAR_AMA 1CIN_AQU 1 CAT_PAL 1 1CIN_DAN 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_FON 1 1 DES_CES 1 1 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELE_ACI 1CON_CON 1 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1 1DIC_PAL HIP_VUL 1 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 1 MYR_SPI 1 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 NAJ_MAR 1FIS_ADI NAS_OFF 1 1FIS_CRA 1 NUP_LUT 1 1FIS_RUF 1 NYM_ALB 1 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 POA_PAL 1 1FON_SQU 1 POL_AMP 1 1HYG_DUR 1 POL_HYD 1HYG_EUG POL_MIT 1HYG_FLU 1 1 POT_ALP 1 1HYG_LUR 1 POT_COL 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_CRI 1HYG_TEN 1 1 POT_FIL 1HYO_INV POT_FRI 1JUG_ATR 1 POT_LUC 1 1JUG_SPH 1 1 POT_NAT 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NOD 1 1MAC_POL 1 POT_PEC 1 1OCT FON POT_PER 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PUS 1 1PEL_END 1 RAN_AQU 1PEL_EPI 1 RAN_CIR 1 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_FLU 1 1 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_TRI 1 1 1PHI_TOM 1 ROR_AMP 1 1POH_LUD SAX_STEPOH_WAL 1 SCH_LAC 1RAC_ACI 1 SPA_EME 1 1RAC_AQU 1 SPI_POL 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 VER_ANA 1 1RII_RHE 1 1 VER_BEC 1 1SCA_UND 1 VER_CAT 1 1SCO_SCO 1 1 ZAN_PAL 1

59

Donau 1 2 3 4 Donau 1 2 3 4C H A R O P H Y T A SCS_RIV 1CHA_ASP 1 THA_ALO 1 1CHA_CON 1 P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_DEL 1 EQU_FLU 1 1CHA_GLO 1 EQU_PAL 1CHA_GYM S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_HIS AGR_STO 1CHA_STR ALI_GRACHA_VUL 1 ALI_LAN 1 1B R Y O P H Y T A ALI_PLA 1 1AMB_HUM 1 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1AMB_VAR 1 1 BER_ERE 1 1ANE_PIN 1 BUT_UMB 1 1BLI_ACU CAL_COP 1 1 1BRA_PLU 1 1 CAL_HAM 1 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_OBT 1 1CAI_COR CAL_PAL 1CAI_GIG CAL_PLA 1 1 1 1CAP_STE CAL_STA 1 1 1CHI_PAL 1 CAR_AMA 1CHI_POL 1 CAT_PAL 1CIN_AQU 1 CER_DEM 1CIN_DAN 1 DES_CES 1CIN_FON 1 1 ELE_ACI 1 1CIN_RIP 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CON_CON 1 1 1 ELO_NUT 1 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_DEC 1 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_FLU 1 1CRA_COM 1 GLY_MAX 1CRA_FIL 1 GRO_DEN 1DIC_PAL HIP_VUL 1 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 1 MYR_SPI 1 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1EUR_SPE 1 1 NAJ_MAR 1 1FIS_CRA 1 1 NAS_OFF 1 1 1FIS_RUF 1 NUP_LUT 1 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 NYM_ALB 1 1FON_SQU POA_PAL 1 1HYG_DUR POL_AMP 1 1HYG_EUG POL_HYD 1 1HYG_FLU 1 1 POL_MIT 1 1HYG_LUR 1 POT_ALP 1HYG_OCH POT_COL 1HYG_TEN 1 POT_CRI 1HYO_INV POT_FILJUG_ATR 1 POT_FRI 1JUG_SPH POT_LUC 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NAT 1 1MAC_POL 1 1 POT_NOD 1 1OCT FON 1 1 POT_PEC 1ORT_RIP POT_PER 1PEL_END 1 POT_PUS 1 1PEL_EPI 1 1 RAN_AQU 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_CIR 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_FLU 1 1PHI_TOM 1 RAN_TRI 1 1 1POH_LUD ROR_AMP 1 1POH_WAL 1 SAX_STERAC_ACI SCH_LAC 1RAC_AQU SPA_EME 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 SPI_POL 1RII_RHE 1 VER_ANA 1 1SCA_UND VER_BEC 1 1 1SCO_SCO VER_CAT 1 1 1SCS_APO 1 1 ZAN_PAL 1

Danube

60

Seeausrinne

MKt+AKt1 2 3 4

Seeausrinne

MKt+AKt1 2 3 4

C H A R O P H Y T A P T E R I D O P H Y T ACHA_ASP 1 EQU_FLU 1 1CHA_CON 1 1 EQU_PAL 1CHA_DEL 1 S P E R M A T O P H Y T ACHA_GLO 1 AGR_STO 1 1 1CHA_GYM 1 1 ALI_GRA 1 1CHA_HIS 1 ALI_LAN 1 1CHA_STR 1 ALI_PLA 1CHA_VUL 1 1 ALO_AEQ 1 1B R Y O P H Y T A BER_ERE 1 1AMB_HUM 1 1 BUT_UMB 1 1AMB_VAR 1 1 CAL_COP 1ANE_PIN 1 CAL_HAM 1BLI_ACU 1 CAL_OBT 1 1BRA_PLU 1 CAL_PAL 1BRA_RIV 1 1 CAL_PLA 1 1 1 1CAI_COR 1 CAL_STA 1 1CAI_GIG 1 1 CAM_AMA 1CAP_STE 1 1 CAT_PAL 1CHI_PAL 1 CER_DEM 1CHI_POL 1 DES_CES 1 1CIN_AQU 1 ELE_ACI 1 1CIN_DAN 1 1 ELO_CAN 1CIN_FON 1 1 ELO_NUT 1 1CIN_RIP 1 1 GAL_PAL 1CON_CON 1 1 1 1 GLY_DEC 1CRA_COF 1 GLY_FLU 1 1CRA_COL 1 GLY_MAX 1CRA_COM 1 GRO_DEN 1 1CRA_FIL 1 HIP_VUL 1 1DIC_PAL LAG_MAR 1DID_SIN LEM_MIN 1DID_SPA 1 LYS_NUM 1 1 1 1DID_TOP 1 MEN_AQU 1DIH_PEL 1 MON_FONDRE_ADU 1 1 MYR_SPI 1DRE_SEN 1 1 MYR_VER 1 1EUR_SPE 1 1 NAJ_INT 1 1FIS_ADI NAJ_MAR 1 1FIS_CRA 1 1 NAS_OFF 1 1 1FIS_RUF 1 NUP_LUT 1 1 1FON_ANT 1 1 1 1 NYM_ALB 1 1FON_SQU 1 PER_AMP 1 1 1HYG_DUR 1 PER_DUB 1HYG_EUG PER_HYD 1HYG_FLU 1 1 POA_PAL 1 1HYG_LUR 1 POT_ALP 1 1HYG_OCH 1 POT_COL 1HYG_TEN 1 POT_CRI 1HYO_INV 1 1 POT_FIL 1JUG_ATR 1 POT_FRI 1JUG_SPH 1 1 POT_LUC 1 1LEP_RIP 1 POT_NAT 1MAC_POL 1 1 POT_NOD 1OCT FON 1 1 POT_OBT 1 1ORT_RIP 1 1 1 1 POT_PEC 1PEL_END 1 POT_PER 1 1PEL_EPI 1 POT_PUS 1 1 1PHI_CAL 1 RAN_AQU 1PHI_FON 1 RAN_CIR 1PHI_TOM 1 RAN_FLU 1 1POH_LUD RAN_TRI 1 1 1POH_WAL 1 ROR_AMP 1 1RAC_ACI 1 SAX_STERAC_AQU 1 SCH_LAC 1RHY_RIP 1 1 1 1 SPA_EME 1RII_RHE 1 1 SPI_POL 1SCA_UND 1 VER_ANA 1 1SCO_SCO 1 1 VER_BEC 1 1 1SCS_APO 1 VER_CAT 1 1 1SCS_RIV 1 1 ZAN_PAL 1THA_ALO 1 1

Lake outflows

61

17.6 Example of taxa list including the required additional information

Clear site description Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5River nameEastern coordinateNorthern coordinateMeridian M31 M31 M31 M28 M28River type (macropyte typology)Altidude [m]DateAMPHI- & HYDROPHYTESCharophytaCha asp 1 2Cha conCha del 2Cha gymCha his…BryophytaAmb hum 2Amb var 2 1Bli acuBra pluBra riv 3 2 4 1…AnthophytaAgr sto 2 2Ali graAli lan 1Ali pla 1Alo aeq 3 2Ber ereBut umbCal copCal hamCal obtCal palCar ama 1 2…HELOPHYTESAnthophytaAco cal 1Cat pal 2 1Car panCar remCar ela 3…Further species (not included in the lists so far)

62

17.7 Example of macrophyte assessment Based on a specific biocoenosis of a survey section, the following example is to show the calculation of the ecological status class as well as of the Quality Objective Achievement Reliability for the quality element of macrophytes. Overall, 5 species were detected along the survey section. According to their incidence, the PMI values of the single species range between 1 and 3. On the basis of the number of species and of the total plant quantity, both (!) criteria for the assessability of the survey section were met. After the respective lists have been selected on the basis of the running-water type according to macrophyte typology, the species are entered into the lists with the corresponding PMI values. 1. Preparatory entries for the calculation of the ecological status class

Species Plant quantity

Class Number of classes 1 2 3 4

Bra plu 2 x 1 Bra riv 2 x x x 3 Dic pel 2 x 1 Hyg lur 3 x x 2 Rac aci 1 x x 2

Based on the classification carried out for the species found in the survey section, the ecological status class is then calculated. 2. Calculation of the ecological status class

Species Plant quantity

Class Number of classes 1 2 3 4

Bra plu 2 2.00 1 Bra riv 2 0.22 0.22 0.22 3 Dic pel 2 2.00 1 Hyg lur 3 0.75 0.75 2 Rac aci 1 0.25 0.25 2

Sum of PMIxG 5.22 1.22 0.22 0 6.67

Sum of PMIxGxKL 5.22 2.44 0.67 0 8.33

Index value 8.33 / 6.67 = 1.25

Ecological status class 1

63

Based on the macrophyte stock, a “high” ecological status was determined for the survey section which was taken as an example. In a next step, the Quality Objective Achievement Reliability can be calculated. As, on the basis of the calculation of the ecological status class, the quality objective has not been exceeded along the survey section which is to be assessed, the SEQ1+2 value is to be used for the factor of “Quality Objective Achievement Reliability”. With regard to the quality element of macrophytes, the quality objective is achieved at a rate of 99% for the survey section. 3. Calculation of the Quality Objective Exceedance Reliability

Species Plant quantity

Class Number of classes 1 2 3 4

Bra plu 2 2.00 1 Bra riv 2 0.22 0.22 0.22 3 Dic pel 2 2.00 1 Hyg lur 3 0.75 0.75 2 Rac aci 1 0.25 0.25 2

Sum of PMIxG

5.22 1.22 0.22 0

SHB share 5.22 x 1.495 + 1.,22 x 0.495

= 8.4078 0.22 x 0.505 + 0 x 1.505

= 0.1111 8.5189

Quality Target Achievement Reliability [%]

If QO is achieved: SEQ1+2 = 8.8078 x 100 / 8.5189 ≈ 99 % If QO is exceeded: SÜQ3+4 = 0.1111 x 100 / 8.5189 ≈ 1 %

Hence, the quality objective is achieved with 99%-reliability at the survey section.

64

17.8 Presentation of results: Test report (German) Donau Enghagen

Karte Probestelle Stellenüberblick (Richtung Mauthausen)

Südufer bei Enghagen Detailansicht Ufervegetation

18 Ökologische Zustandsklasse – Makrophyten gut 19 Plausibilitätskontrolle - Auftraggeber Ergebnis: plausibel Kommentar Bundesland

65

Angaben zur Untersuchungsstelle und Probenahme Untersuchungsstelle Gewässername Donau Gemeinde Enns / Mauthausen Untersuchungsstelle Enghagen Rechtswert 537540 (BMN) Messstellennummer FW40907057 Hochwert 345287 (BMN) Detail WK ID Meridian M 31 Laborinterne ID Flusskilometer [km] 2112,7 Turnus (für Datenhandling H2O) Seehöhe [m] 241 Probenummer (für Datenhandling H2O) Flussordnungszahl Datum 09.09.2013 Einzugsgebietsgröße [km²] Auftraggeber Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft Veranlassung der Untersuchung GZÜV 2013 Auftragnehmer (Firma) Systema Bio- und Management Consulting GmbH Probenehmer DI Dr. Veronika Mayerhofer, Mag. Stefan Mayerhofer Bioregion/Großer Fluss MPH-Typ Donau

Große Flüsse, Donau dominanter Typ Oberlauf Donau Morphologie / Allgemeine Charakteristik Gewässerbreite [m] 228 Abstand Oberkante [m] 254 Mittlere Gewässertiefe [m] X (nicht erhebbar) Querschnittstiefe [m] 2 + X (nicht erhebbar) Laufkrümmung [0 /1-3] 1 Tiefendiversität [0 /1-3] 1 Querbauwerk/Sohlverbau Art – FH [cm] – % – linkes Ufer rechtes Ufer Uferneigung [0 /1-3] 2 1

Uferverbau Pflaster / Steinsatz 100% Kein Uferverbau

Uferbewuchs fehlend Röhricht 20%, Hochstauden 60%, Auwald 20%

Beschattung [0 /1-3] 1 1 Veralgung [0 /1-3] 2 2

Substrat Megalithal 60%, Makrolithal 5%, Mesolithal 10%, Mikrolithal 20%, Akal 5%

Makrolithal 10%, Mesolithal 30%, Mikrolithal 40%, Akal 10%, Psammal 10%

Substratdiversität [0 /1-3] 1 Trübung [0 /1-3] 2

Hydraulische Bedingungen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit [m/s] 0,5 Strömungsdiversität [0 /1-3] 2 Strömung [0 /1-3] 1 Abflusstendenz NW

Physikalisch / chemischer Befund (Daten der Langzeitmessung) Wassertemperatur [°C] aus H2O-DB zu entnehmen pH-Wert aus H2O zu entnehmen O2-Sättigung [%] aus H2O-DB zu entnehmen Leitfähigkeit [µS/cm] aus H2O zu entnehmen O2-Gehalt [mg/l] aus H2O-DB zu entnehmen Alkalinität [mVal/] aus H2O zu entnehmen Nutzung / Umland linkes Ufer rechtes Ufer

Umlandnutzung Radweg 10%, Straße 20%, Siedlung 70% Keine 90%, Radweg 10%

Pufferzone fehlend fehlend

Umlandverzahnung [0 /1-3] 2 Pot. Besiedlungsbeeinträchtigung – Anthropogene Beeinträchtigung –

Einzugsgebiet Landwirtschaft, Siedlungen, Industrie

Einfluss bis ca. 500m oh. Siedlungen, (Industrie)

Charakteristik der Probenstelle

Die Probestelle Donau Enghagen ist durch die unterschiedliche Ausprägung der beiden Uferseiten charakterisiert. Während das linke Ufer relativ steil und durch Blockwurf gesichert ist, findet sich am rechten Gewässerrand ein flaches Ufer mit sandig-kiesigem Substrat. Entsprechend herrschen am linken Ufer Moose vor, während am rechten Ufer auch Höhere Pflanzen gute Lebens-bedingungen vorfinden.

H2O-DB: http://wisa.bmlfuw.gv.at/daten.html > Wasser Daten > H2O Fachdatenbank

66

TAXALISTE - Artenspektrum

Kürzel wissenschaftlicher Name deutscher Name T LF RL PMI Agr sto Agrostis stolonifera Kriech-Straußgras S A 4 Bid fro Bidens frondosa Schwarzfrucht-Zweizahn S SW Ni 1 Bra rut Brachythecium rutabulum Rauhes Kurzbüchsenmoos B MA 2 Cin fon Cinclidotus fontinaloides Großes Gitterzahnmoos B Hyd 1 Cin rip Cinclidotus riparius Zungenblättriges Gitterzahnmoos B Hyd 2 Des ces Deschampsia cespitosa Horst-Rasenschmiele S A 3 Eup can Eupatorium cannabinum Wasserdost S SW 1 Eur ang Eurhynchium angustirete Sumpfblättriges Schönschnabelmoos B MA 2 Fon ant Fontinalis antipyretica Gemeines Brunnenmoos B Hyd 2 Hya flu Hygroamblystegium fluviatile Fluss-Stumpfdeckel B Hyd 1 Jun art Juncus articulatus Glieder-Simse S A 1 Lyc eur Lycopus europaeus Gewöhnlich-Wolfsfuß S H 2 Men lon Mentha longifolia Ross-Minze S SW 3 Per dub Persicaria dubia Mild-Knöterich S A 1 Per lap Persicaria lapathifolia Ampfer-Knöterich S H 3 Pet alb Petasites albus Weiß-Pestwurz S SW 2 Pha aru Phalaris arundinacea Rohr-Glanzgras S H 3 Phs pat Physcomitrella patens Ausgebreitetes Kleinblasenmützenmoos B MA 2 Poh wal Pohlia wahlenbergii v. wahlenb. Weißliches Pohlmoos B MA 2 Rum con Rumex conglomeratus Knäuel-Ampfer S SW 2 Sol gig Solidago gigantea Riesen-Goldrute S SW Ni 1 Sta pal Stachys palustris Sumpf-Ziest S SW 1 Ste aqu Stellaria aquatica Wasser-Sternmiere S A 1

Gesamt Typ Gruppe Anzahl Systematik Charophyta 0 Bryophyta 8 Pteridophyta 0 Spermatophyta 15 GESAMT 23 Lebensformgruppen Hydrophyten 4 Amphiphyten 9 Helophyten 3 Sonstige 7

Beschreibung und Kommentar zur Artenzusammensetzung

Artenspektrum

Die Probestelle ist mit 23 Spezies als artenreich zu bezeichnen. Neben acht Vertretern der Moose wurden 15 Vertreter der Höheren Pflanzen vorgefunden. Aufgrund der naturnahen Ausgestaltung des rechten Ufers sind vor allem auch die Amphiphyten artenreich vertreten (9 Spezies). Weiters kommen 4 Hydrophyten, 3 Helophyten und 7 Sonstige ans Gewässer gebundene Arten vor. Rote-Liste-Arten wurden hier nicht gefunden, wohl aber zwei invasive Neophyta (Bidens frondosa und Solidago gigantea).

Vegetationsdichte

Im Wasser reicht der Bewuchs bis in etwa 1,5m Wassertiefe, bildet aber nur knapp „mäßig dichte“ Bestände aus (CMI 2,6). Den dichtesten Bewuchs weist die amphibische Zone auf (CMI 5,0), auch der Gewässerrand ist sehr dicht bewachsen (CMI 4,8).

67

Vegetationszusammensetzung

Nicht nur artenmäßig, sondern auch mengenmäßig dominieren an dieser Probestelle amphiphytische Arten. Moose und Höhere Pflanzen dieser Lebensform stellen etwa die Hälfte der insgesamt vorhandenen Pflanzenmenge. Im Wasser kommen ausschließlich Moose vor (Bryophyta (Hyd]). Am Gewässerrand dominieren Helophyten, aber auch Sonstige ans Gewässer gebundene Arten sind prominent vertreten.

Dominanzverhältnisse

Die dominierende Art ist mit einem RPM-Wert von 25% der Amphiphyt Agrostis stolonifera.

68

ERGEBNISÜBERSICHT

Einstufung der Indikatorarten Art 1 2 3 4 5 Agrostis stolonifera x Cinclidotus fontinaloides x x Cinclidotus riparius x x Deschampsia cespitosa x Fontinalis antipyretica (x) (x) (x) (x) Hygroamblystegium fluviatile x x Persicaria dubia x x Pohlia wahlenbergii x

Ökologische Zustandsklasse: GUT

Indexwert: 1,63

SEQ: 94%

Anmerkungen zu den Ergebnissen und Diskussion

An dieser Probestelle überwiegen Indikatorarten mit Einstufungen im „sehr guten“ bis „guten“ Bereich (Indikationslisten Klassen 1 und 2). Störzeiger wurden keine vorgefunden. Unter Berücksichtigung der jeweils vorhandenen Pflanzenmenge berechnet sich für die Donau in Enghagen ein Indexwert von 1,63. Das rechte Ufer schneidet hierbei mit einem Indexwert von 1,5 deutlich besser als das linke Ufer ab (2,25). Insgesamt ist an dieser Probestelle gemäß der Makrophytenvegetation ein „guter ökologischer Zustand“ und mit sehr hoher Sicherheit kein Handlungsbedarf gegeben (SEQ: 94%).