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Avances tecnologicos en la transformaciรณn del gas natural a liquidos (diesel oil principalmente)
Citation preview
Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
GTL VS LNG
Inventor and Entrepreneur: Mayer Fitoussi
ECONOMICS, CHALLENGES AND VALUE PROPOSITION
l ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
Evaluation of utilization alternatives for stranded natural gas
โข GTL Destinationโข LNG Regasification Terminalโข CNG Ualoading Terminal
LNG cost $2.9 billion just to move gas from Point A to Point B = 3.2 MM/tone/year
GTL 50,000 barrel/day cost $3.2 billion. The Israeli ZSM-5 technology will reduce the cost to 2.8 billion.
l 3Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
Decision analysis cycle GTL VS LNG
ืืกืชืืจืืืืช
ืืจืืื ืืกืื ื
ืืืืข
THE State of Israel must not let the market manage the energy sector.U.S.A. Gas Price Forecast Jul 2012 $ 1.95 MMBTUISRAEL Natural gas price Feb 2012 $ 5.95 MMBTU
ืืืจืฃ ืืฆืื ืืช ืืชื ืืืืช ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืืขื ืืฉืืง ืืืืจืืงืื.ืืืกืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืืื ืช ืืฉืจืื ืืจืืจ ืืื ืืฉืืขื โ ืืืฉืจ ืืฉ
ืืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืงืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืืืจื ืืืโื )ืคืจื ืืืืืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืคื( ืืืืืจืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืืฆืข ืฉื 2 ืืืืจ.
ืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืืฆืื ืฉื ืื ืืืขื LNG ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืขืืืช ืืฉืืง ืืงืืื ืชืืืื ื ืืืืืืืช ืื ืจืื ื ืืืืช ืืืืจืื
.MMBTU ืขืืื )ืืคื ืฉืื ืืืื( ืืืืืฆืข ืฉื 6 ืืืืจ
โืืืืจ ืืื ืฉื ืงืืข ืืขืื ืืืืคื ืืืจืืชื ื-2% ืืฉื ืโ ืืืจืช ืืฉืื ืืืืืืกื 22.02.12
l ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
โItโs going down, down, down, in a burning ring of fire...โ
โLNG Exports to China?โ See: the Chinaโs Secret Gas War
2.244
l 5Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
GTL Puts Out Flares - Earns Carbon Credits Small and Large GTL
The EPA published research in January 2012 that
estimated natural gas might only be 25% cleaner
than coal on a climate basis, once the full cycle of
gas production was taken into account.
FeedTreatment FT Reaction
SyngasCompression
SyngasHydrogenRemoval
CarbonDioxideRemoval
SteamMethane
Reforming toSyngas
ProductFractionator
StripperHydrocracker
FTSeparator
NaturalNaturalGasGas
FT Reactor RecycleFT Reactor Recycle
SteamSteam
Fuel GasFuel Gas
HydrogenHydrogen
Natural GasFuel GasHydrogen
SteamSteam
COCO22 RecycleRecycle
Fuel GasFuel Gas
PurgePurge
Diesel
NaphthaNaphtha
LPGLPGHydrogenHydrogen
l ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
How GTL + ZSM-5 Eliminate/destroy CO๏ฟฝ
ZSM-5
Aluminum Hydride Regeneration
ZSM-5 ZSM-5 ZSM-5
ZSM-5
ZSM-5
ZSM-5 ZSM-5
ZSM-5
ZSM-5ZSM-5
l ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
Market for GTL Products LNG VS GTL Market Sizes1. Market for GTL Products LNG vs GTL Market Sizes
2011 Global LNG Market
LNG Plant Production = 2.6 MMTPA
2011 Global Middle Distillates Market
LNG ~ 190 MMTPA
1.4%
GTL Plant Production = 2.1 MMTPA (50k bpsd)
Middle Distillates ~ 3,000 MMTPA
0.07% The market for middle distillates should easily absorb the GTL products without impacting the market prices
ZSM-5
Source:
l 8Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
2. GTL Technologies Prodoucts Yields and Quality
Typical GTL YieldsGTLLPG 3%
GTLNaphtha
17%
GTLKero
20-25%
GTLDiesel
55-60%
GTL Diesel is sulphur free (<1 ppm), high cetane (>70)
GTL Kero is sulphur free, can be used as blend component for Jet fuel production
GTL Naphtha is sulphur free, highly paraffinic, ideal feedstock for olefins production
LPG can be either sold as product or re-used as fuel inside GTL plant
GTL Technologies Prodoucts Yields and Quality
Source:
4. Profitability Analysis LNG and GTL - Prices
The price of the onshore stranded natural gas feedstock is considered to be 1.5 $/mmbtu for the analysis, which is currently considered to be within the typical price range for a stranded gas reserve
For LNG, the price is set to 8 $/mmbtu at the port of the LNG plant location. Such price is based on a five year historical average FOB MED Basis, where 1 $/mmbtu has been considered for the shipping cost of LNG to the receiving terminal of the destination market
For the GTL products, the following prices were applied, based on FOB MED Basis of crude oil refined products, averaged over the last five years:
- Diesel 705 US$/ton (88 $/bbl) - Naphtha 653 US$/ton (71 $/bbl) - Kerosene 734 US$/ton (87 $/bbl) - LPG 633 US$/ton (55 $/bbl)
In order to take a conservative approach for the profitability analysis. no inflation
rate was applied to the above natural gas and product prices.
l 9Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
Profitability Analysis LNG and GTL - Prices
Source:
l 10Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
Profitability Analysis LNG and GTL - Sensitivity Analysis Results on IRR
Source:
l 11Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
GTL - Has Technical Greater Scope for Cost Reduction
Current production cost is $40 to $50 A Barrel = $ 4.5/MMBTU
Israeli Green Nano Catalyst Technology ZSM-5 + Nano Aluminum Hydride Regeneration technology will reduce the Costs To $20 to $25 A Barrel
Argentina
Australia
Indonesia
TrinidadUSA
Egypt
GTL Projects under Development
SASOL
l 12Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
LNG - Low technical risk but limited cost reduction potential
20
Delivering commercial insight to the global energy industry
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
2005 2010 2015 2020
mm
cfd
YemenUAEQatarOmanIranNorwayRussiaM alaysiaIndonesiaBruneiAustraliaVenezuelaTrinidadPeruAlaskaNigeriaLibyaEq. GuineaEgyptAngolaAlgeria
Forecast includes: existing, under construction, probable and possible supplies
Middle East greyAsia orangeAfrica greenAmericas pale blueEurope dark blue
LNG - Low technical risk but limited cost reduction potential
l 13Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
The Worldโs Greenest Transportation FuelThe WorldThe Worldโโs Greenest Transportation Fuels Greenest Transportation Fuel
The ONLY alternative fuel with The ONLY alternative fuel with
ANY net benefit for society.ANY net benefit for society. GTLGTL
Source: THE STATE OF CALIFORNIASource: THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
+-
+-
Source: THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
1.99 ืฉ"ื ืืืืืจ
l 14Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
USA GTL is a Security Issue - National Security
โข US DOD says GTL โbestโ alternative to oil
โข US DOD wants 300,000 b/d of GTL
โข US Military must be running on GTL by 2016
โข Hydrogen from Natural Gas as Energy Carrier
US Natural gas reserves is for 110 years
l 15Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
GTL GUARANTEESGTL GUARANTEESTHE WESTERNTHE WESTERN
HEMISPHERE ANHEMISPHERE ANENERGY FUTUREENERGY FUTURE
THAT IS BOTHTHAT IS BOTH
CLEANCLEANANDAND
SECURESECURE
GTL - CLEAN and SECURE Potential Market Size for Israeli GTL & ZSM-5
From Alaska to Tierra Del Fuego, the Americans haveenough natural gas to produce all the green transportation fuels needed for the next 100 years by using FT technology.
One field in Alaska (Prudhoe Bay) has more than 40 TCF of natural gas - enough to produce 400,000 Barrels of GTL per day for more than 30 years, and the pipeline is already built.
From Canada to Mexico, stranded gas fields await production of GTL for a clean and secure energy future.
Bolivia has more natural gas than Saudi ArabiaBolivia could export 500,000 barrels per day of GTL to its neighbors.
From Colombia to Chile, abundant natural gas could produce close to 1 million barrels per day of GTL.Moreover, natural gas is being flared throughout the region.Turning flared gas to GTL earns carbon credits.
l 16Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
Options for Coal to Liquid Fuels, Aluminum Hydride & ZSM-5 China Market
Aluminum Hydride Regeneration
GTL - ZSM-5 Israel New technologyto reduce cast for GTL & CTL
ZSM-5
ZSM-5ZSM-5
ZSM-5 ZSM-5
ZSM-5
ZSM-5
ZSM-5ZSM-5
l 17Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
GTL - CLEAN and SECURE US has enough coal to produce CTL for 300 years
ZSM-5Aluminum Hydride Regeneration
l 18Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
LNG/CNG Worse than coal and diesel in greenhouse emissions
โข By adding methane into the โlifecycleโ calculation of climate impact, natural gas could be significantly worse than diesel and coal (see graph).
โข The climate benefits of natural gas may be overstated, says new EPA research
Source: EconMatters
l 19Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
Refining vs. GTLRefining vs. GTL
โขโข Refining Boils OilRefining Boils Oilโขโข GTL is 3 SeparateGTL is 3 Separate
Chemical Processes:Chemical Processes:
1. H1. H22O + CHO + CH44 HH22 + CO+ CO[ catalyst][ catalyst]
2. H2. H22 + CO H+ CO H22O + CO + CnnHH2n2n[iron or cobalt catalyst][iron or cobalt catalyst]
3. C3. CnnHH2n2n from Cfrom C1010 โโ CC2323
to Cto C1515 โโ CC2828[ catalyst][ catalyst]
Gases
Oil Liquids
Asphalt
1. H2O + CH4 2H2 + CO[nickel tungsten catalyst]
2. 2H2 + CO H2O + CnH2n[iron or cobalt catalyst]
3. CnH2n from C10H23to C15H28
[nickel based catalyst]
Refining vs GTL Potential Market Size for Israeli ZSM-5 CatalystRefining vs. GTLRefining vs. GTL
โขโข Refining Boils OilRefining Boils Oilโขโข GTL is 3 SeparateGTL is 3 Separate
Chemical Processes:Chemical Processes:
1. H1. H22O + CHO + CH44 HH22 + CO+ CO[ catalyst][ catalyst]
2. H2. H22 + CO H+ CO H22O + CO + CnnHH2n2n[iron or cobalt catalyst][iron or cobalt catalyst]
3. C3. CnnHH2n2n from Cfrom C1010 โโ CC2323
to Cto C1515 โโ CC2828[ catalyst][ catalyst]
Gases
Oil Liquids
Asphalt
1. H2O + CH4 2H2 + CO[nickel tungsten catalyst]
2. 2H2 + CO H2O + CnH2n[iron or cobalt catalyst]
3. CnH2n from C10H23to C15H28
[nickel based catalyst]
ZSM-5
ZSM-5
ZSM-5
ZSM-5
ZSM-5
ZSM-5
l 20Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
ZSM-5 GTL Technologies The Key to National Energy Security
Aluminum Hydride Regeneration
Catalyst+
CO + H๏ฟฝ
H๏ฟฝO + CO๏ฟฝ + other hydrocarbons
400 Products
CO + H๏ฟฝ (Synthesis gas)
GTL
Option
+400 ืืืฆืจืื
l 21Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
LNG the Resource Curse?
โืืืฉืจืื 100 ืกืืืจืืืคืื ืืคืืชืื ืชืืืืคื ื ืคืโ
l ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
305 billion standard cubic feet of natural gas per year $1.5 billion annually in natural gas purchases at todayโs US prices.
convert 1.6 billion cubic feet of gas a day into 120,000 barrels a day of condensate, liquid petroleum gas and ethane as well as 140,000 barrels a day of fuels including gasoil, naphtha and base oil.
Israel: Small Scale Solution of the new catalysts technology we can build facilities from $ 10 million TO $ 20 billion. Aluminium hydride regeneration will reduce the cost production for GTL & CTL by 40-50%.
The Game Changer
USA Lake Charles Sasol$10-Billion
gas-to-liquids (GTL)2012 Start Production
Qatar: Shell$19-Billion Pearl GTL gas-to-liquids (GTL)
2012 Start Production
ISRAEL GTLโZSM-5$16-Million for pilot
$10-Million R&D Al Hydride Beginning 2012
Natural Gas
Catalist
l 23Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
THE State of Israel must not let the market manage the energy sector
The State of Israel must Says No to Gas Exports
l ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
GTL vs LNG Value ($) vs Efficiency
LNG begins life as natural gas and ends life as natural gasGTL begins life as natural gas and ends life as a refined product such as diesel + 400 productswhile both are carbon based, their VALUES ($) are totally different.Coal and diamond are both carbon based.
Which would you prefer!
LNG Produced Natural gas & eliminate the gas reserves of Israel in less than 25 years
GTL Produced Diesel & Benzin and Create tens of thousands of new jobs use THE gas for 50 years + 400 products
The choice is simple go for the higher value ($)Go for Green nanotechnology
l 25Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
100 Billion Barrels...
Israeli Technology Potential Market ZSM-5 + GTL + Al Hydride Regeneration
You See This Rock?
This is what a multi-billion-dollar shale oil industry looks like. Now add the 482 trillion cubic feet of natural gas trapped in formations across the United States..
Israel Potential to Contribute to Energy Independence
Recoverable resources, Tcl (Tera cubic feel)
l ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
World Gas Resources by Gas Type
l ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
Invest in our Green Nanotechnology Against Iran oil Weapon
The Israeli government decision (GTL vs LNG) will directly affect the decision making of the other governments.And affects the entire global world oil market.
ืืืกืืจ ืืืืืจืช ืื ืืืขื ืืฉืืจืืช ืื ืืขืชืื ืชืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืคื ืืช ืื ืืืขื ืืืฉืจืื )ืืืืืจืื ืกืืืจืื( ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืช ืจืืืืืื ืื ืืคื ื
ืืช ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืืงืืื ืืืืฆืืจ ืืืงืื ืกืื ืืืืื. ืจืืืืืื ืื ืืงืื ื ืขืงื ืื, ืืืืจื ืืืืง ืืืืืืช ืืืืง ืืืฉืจืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ื
ืืฉืชืคืจื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช, ืชืงืื ืชืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืืื ื ืคื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืืืืช ืืืืื ืชืฉืชืคืจ, ืืื ืกืืช ืืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืชืืฆืื ืฉื ืืฆืื
ืืืฆืจืื ืืื ืืกืงืืืจืื, ืืืื ืขื ืืฆืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืจืืื ืืชืืืืคื ื ืคื ืืืื ืืืืขื ืืืืฆืืจ ืืืง ื ืืืื ืืคืฆืื ืฉืื ืืืืจืืคื ืืืื
ืืืจืโื ืืืืคืื ืืกืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืืจื ืื ืฉืง ืื ืคื ืืืืจืื ื.
Iranโs oil Exports
ืคืื ืืฆืืื ืืืื ืฉืืง ื ืืกืฃ ืืืืงืื ืกืื ืืืืื
l 28Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide
GTL vs LNG ืกืืื ืืขืืืืืช
Tarbut l Molcho
ืืืคืฉืจืืืืช ืื:ื ืืฆืื ืืื ืืืืขื ืืืืจืืช ืื ืจืืื ืืฉืืจืืช ืืืฉืจืื โขืืืืืฆื ืืืง ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืขื ืืืืจืืคื. ืืืืฉืื
ืืงื ืืช ื ืคื ืืืืื ืืืืืฆืจ ืืื ื ืืืง ืืชืืืืจื ืืืืืืช ืชืืืืื ืืืกืคืงืช ื ืคื ืืืืื ืืืืจืืื
ืืขืืืชืืื.
ืืืืื ืืืคืืจืฉ ืื ืืืืฆืื ืืื ืืืืขื ืืืื โขืืืงืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืช ืจืืืฉืช ืื ืคื ืืืืืื
ืืืืื ืช ืืฉืจืื ื 35 ืืฉื ืื ืืืืืช.
ืืืืื ืืืคืืจืฉ ืื ืืืืฆืื ืืื ืืืืขื, ืืืืฉืื โขืืงื ืืช ื ืคื ืืืืื ืืคืื ืืืืืฆื ืืืฆืจื ืืืง ืืจืืงืื ืืชืืืืจื ืืขืื ืขืจื ืืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆืจืื
ืืื ืืืขื ืืืืงืืจืืช ืชืืืืคื ื ืคื ืืจืืงืื.
ืืฉืืืื ืืื ืฉืชื ืืืืืคืืช ืืืจืืงืืช ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืืืื
ืืืืืืฅ ืืฉืื ืืื ืืื.
ืืฉืงืขืืช ืืจืืช ืืืฉืจืื ืืืกืืจ ืฉื ืืฆืื ืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืฆืืจ ืชืืืืคื
ื ืคื ืืชืืืืจื ืชืืคืื ืืช ืืืื ืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืขื ืืฉืงืขืืช ืืคืืคืืืืจื ืืืืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืขืืื.
ืชืืื ืจืื ืืืจืื!
BCM 1,047 ืขืชืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืื ืช ืืฉืจืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืื .1
ืฆืจืืื ืฆืคืืื ืฉื ืื ืืืขื ืืืฉืจืื ืืฉื ืื ืืืืืช: BCM 7 ืืฉื ืช 2013, .2BCM 11.1 ืืฉื ืช BCM 16 ,2020 ืืฉื ืช 2030 ืืขืืงืจ ืืฆืืจื ืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื
ืื ืื ืจืง.
ืืฆืืืงืื ืืืืขื ืื ืืืขืื ืืื ืื ืืืืฆื ืืช ืืื ืฉืขื ืืกืืก ืฉื 16 .3BCM ืื ืืกืคืืง ื-65 ืฉื ื.
ืืฆืืจ ืฉื 2 ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืกืืืจ ืืืืืืื ืฉืืืฉ ืืื ืืืื ืืืฆืจืืื .4ืืฉื ืชืืช )ืืจืืืื( ืืืฉืจืื ืืืจืฉ BCM 4.5 ืื ืืืขื ื-GTL ืืฉื ื
ืืืงืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืฉื 40,000 ืืืืืช ืืืื.
BCM 5 ืืงืื ืฉื ืืคืขื ืืืืื ืฉื 45,000 ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืชืืื ื .5ืืขืจื ืืฆืจืืื ืืืืืช ืฉื BCM 21 ืืฉื ื ืืืคืฉืจ ื ืืฆืื ืืื ืืืฉืจืื
ืืืฉื 50 ืฉื ื.
ืืกืคืงืช ืื ืืืืง ืืชืืืืจื ืืืฉืจืื ืชืืจืืฉ BCM 13.5 ืื ืืฉื ื .6ืืืืื BCM 29.5 )ืชืืฉืื ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืฆืื ืืขืื ืืืืจืื(.
ืื ืขืชืืืืช ืืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืชืืฉ ืืชืืืืคื ื ืคื .7GTL ืืชืืืืจื ืืกืคืืง ืืืืื ืช ืืฉืจืื ื-35 ืฉื ืื ืืืื.
LNG ืืืืจืื ืขื ืืืืืง ืืืชื ืืืกืคืจืื ืื ืืืืขืื ืืืืืจ ืื. .8ืืฉื ืืช ื-60 ืืฆืื ืืคืืกืคืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื = ืืื ืขืฉืจืืช ืืืืืื ืื. ืืฆืื ืคืืกืคืืื ืืืฉื ืื, ืงืืกืืืืงื ืืคืจืืฆืืืืงื ืืฉื ืืช ื-2000 ืืืืฆืจืื
ืืขืื ืขืจื ืืืกืฃ = ืืื ืขืฉืจืืช ืืืืืืจืืื ืืฆืื ืืฉื ื.
ืืคื ืื ืชืื ืื ืืืขืืืืืช ืืืฆืืจืคืื ืืฆืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืช ืืฉืจืื ืืื .9ืืืขืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืชืืืืืช ืืืืื ื ืขื ื ืืง ืืืชื ืืคืื
ืืืืจืืช ืืืืื.
ืืชืจืื ืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืชืงื GTL ืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืช. .10
Economic Boom!