Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide GTL VS LNG Inventor and Entrepreneur: Mayer Fitoussi ECONOMICS, CHALLENGES AND VALUE PROPOSITION

GTL Gas to Liquid

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Avances tecnologicos en la transformaciรณn del gas natural a liquidos (diesel oil principalmente)

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Page 1: GTL Gas to Liquid

Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

GTL VS LNG

Inventor and Entrepreneur: Mayer Fitoussi

ECONOMICS, CHALLENGES AND VALUE PROPOSITION

Page 2: GTL Gas to Liquid

l ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

Evaluation of utilization alternatives for stranded natural gas

โ€ข GTL Destinationโ€ข LNG Regasification Terminalโ€ข CNG Ualoading Terminal

LNG cost $2.9 billion just to move gas from Point A to Point B = 3.2 MM/tone/year

GTL 50,000 barrel/day cost $3.2 billion. The Israeli ZSM-5 technology will reduce the cost to 2.8 billion.

Page 3: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 3Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

Decision analysis cycle GTL VS LNG

ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช

ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื“

ืžื™ื“ืข

THE State of Israel must not let the market manage the energy sector.U.S.A. Gas Price Forecast Jul 2012 $ 1.95 MMBTUISRAEL Natural gas price Feb 2012 $ 5.95 MMBTU

ื”ื’ืจืฃ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ โ€“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ

ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื– ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืœื—ื•โ€ืœ )ืคืจื˜ ืœื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืคืŸ( ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 2 ื“ื•ืœืจ.

ืื ื™ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ LNG ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืจืื” ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื

.MMBTU ืขื•ืœื” )ื›ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื( ืœืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 6 ื“ื•ืœืจ

โ€œืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื– ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ื‘-2% ืœืฉื ื”โ€ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ 22.02.12

Page 4: GTL Gas to Liquid

l ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

โ€œItโ€™s going down, down, down, in a burning ring of fire...โ€

โ€œLNG Exports to China?โ€ See: the Chinaโ€™s Secret Gas War

2.244

Page 5: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 5Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

GTL Puts Out Flares - Earns Carbon Credits Small and Large GTL

The EPA published research in January 2012 that

estimated natural gas might only be 25% cleaner

than coal on a climate basis, once the full cycle of

gas production was taken into account.

Page 6: GTL Gas to Liquid

FeedTreatment FT Reaction

SyngasCompression

SyngasHydrogenRemoval

CarbonDioxideRemoval

SteamMethane

Reforming toSyngas

ProductFractionator

StripperHydrocracker

FTSeparator

NaturalNaturalGasGas

FT Reactor RecycleFT Reactor Recycle

SteamSteam

Fuel GasFuel Gas

HydrogenHydrogen

Natural GasFuel GasHydrogen

SteamSteam

COCO22 RecycleRecycle

Fuel GasFuel Gas

PurgePurge

Diesel

NaphthaNaphtha

LPGLPGHydrogenHydrogen

l ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

How GTL + ZSM-5 Eliminate/destroy CO๏ฟฝ

ZSM-5

Aluminum Hydride Regeneration

ZSM-5 ZSM-5 ZSM-5

ZSM-5

ZSM-5

ZSM-5 ZSM-5

ZSM-5

ZSM-5ZSM-5

Page 7: GTL Gas to Liquid

l ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

Market for GTL Products LNG VS GTL Market Sizes1. Market for GTL Products LNG vs GTL Market Sizes

2011 Global LNG Market

LNG Plant Production = 2.6 MMTPA

2011 Global Middle Distillates Market

LNG ~ 190 MMTPA

1.4%

GTL Plant Production = 2.1 MMTPA (50k bpsd)

Middle Distillates ~ 3,000 MMTPA

0.07% The market for middle distillates should easily absorb the GTL products without impacting the market prices

ZSM-5

Source:

Page 8: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 8Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

2. GTL Technologies Prodoucts Yields and Quality

Typical GTL YieldsGTLLPG 3%

GTLNaphtha

17%

GTLKero

20-25%

GTLDiesel

55-60%

GTL Diesel is sulphur free (<1 ppm), high cetane (>70)

GTL Kero is sulphur free, can be used as blend component for Jet fuel production

GTL Naphtha is sulphur free, highly paraffinic, ideal feedstock for olefins production

LPG can be either sold as product or re-used as fuel inside GTL plant

GTL Technologies Prodoucts Yields and Quality

Source:

Page 9: GTL Gas to Liquid

4. Profitability Analysis LNG and GTL - Prices

The price of the onshore stranded natural gas feedstock is considered to be 1.5 $/mmbtu for the analysis, which is currently considered to be within the typical price range for a stranded gas reserve

For LNG, the price is set to 8 $/mmbtu at the port of the LNG plant location. Such price is based on a five year historical average FOB MED Basis, where 1 $/mmbtu has been considered for the shipping cost of LNG to the receiving terminal of the destination market

For the GTL products, the following prices were applied, based on FOB MED Basis of crude oil refined products, averaged over the last five years:

- Diesel 705 US$/ton (88 $/bbl) - Naphtha 653 US$/ton (71 $/bbl) - Kerosene 734 US$/ton (87 $/bbl) - LPG 633 US$/ton (55 $/bbl)

In order to take a conservative approach for the profitability analysis. no inflation

rate was applied to the above natural gas and product prices.

l 9Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

Profitability Analysis LNG and GTL - Prices

Source:

Page 10: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 10Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

Profitability Analysis LNG and GTL - Sensitivity Analysis Results on IRR

Source:

Page 11: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 11Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

GTL - Has Technical Greater Scope for Cost Reduction

Current production cost is $40 to $50 A Barrel = $ 4.5/MMBTU

Israeli Green Nano Catalyst Technology ZSM-5 + Nano Aluminum Hydride Regeneration technology will reduce the Costs To $20 to $25 A Barrel

Argentina

Australia

Indonesia

TrinidadUSA

Egypt

GTL Projects under Development

SASOL

Page 12: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 12Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

LNG - Low technical risk but limited cost reduction potential

20

Delivering commercial insight to the global energy industry

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

2005 2010 2015 2020

mm

cfd

YemenUAEQatarOmanIranNorwayRussiaM alaysiaIndonesiaBruneiAustraliaVenezuelaTrinidadPeruAlaskaNigeriaLibyaEq. GuineaEgyptAngolaAlgeria

Forecast includes: existing, under construction, probable and possible supplies

Middle East greyAsia orangeAfrica greenAmericas pale blueEurope dark blue

LNG - Low technical risk but limited cost reduction potential

Page 13: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 13Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

The Worldโ€™s Greenest Transportation FuelThe WorldThe Worldโ€™โ€™s Greenest Transportation Fuels Greenest Transportation Fuel

The ONLY alternative fuel with The ONLY alternative fuel with

ANY net benefit for society.ANY net benefit for society. GTLGTL

Source: THE STATE OF CALIFORNIASource: THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

+-

+-

Source: THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

1.99 ืฉ"ื— ืœืœื™ื˜ืจ

Page 14: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 14Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

USA GTL is a Security Issue - National Security

โ€ข US DOD says GTL โ€œbestโ€ alternative to oil

โ€ข US DOD wants 300,000 b/d of GTL

โ€ข US Military must be running on GTL by 2016

โ€ข Hydrogen from Natural Gas as Energy Carrier

US Natural gas reserves is for 110 years

Page 15: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 15Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

GTL GUARANTEESGTL GUARANTEESTHE WESTERNTHE WESTERN

HEMISPHERE ANHEMISPHERE ANENERGY FUTUREENERGY FUTURE

THAT IS BOTHTHAT IS BOTH

CLEANCLEANANDAND

SECURESECURE

GTL - CLEAN and SECURE Potential Market Size for Israeli GTL & ZSM-5

From Alaska to Tierra Del Fuego, the Americans haveenough natural gas to produce all the green transportation fuels needed for the next 100 years by using FT technology.

One field in Alaska (Prudhoe Bay) has more than 40 TCF of natural gas - enough to produce 400,000 Barrels of GTL per day for more than 30 years, and the pipeline is already built.

From Canada to Mexico, stranded gas fields await production of GTL for a clean and secure energy future.

Bolivia has more natural gas than Saudi ArabiaBolivia could export 500,000 barrels per day of GTL to its neighbors.

From Colombia to Chile, abundant natural gas could produce close to 1 million barrels per day of GTL.Moreover, natural gas is being flared throughout the region.Turning flared gas to GTL earns carbon credits.

Page 16: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 16Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

Options for Coal to Liquid Fuels, Aluminum Hydride & ZSM-5 China Market

Aluminum Hydride Regeneration

GTL - ZSM-5 Israel New technologyto reduce cast for GTL & CTL

ZSM-5

ZSM-5ZSM-5

ZSM-5 ZSM-5

ZSM-5

ZSM-5

ZSM-5ZSM-5

Page 17: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 17Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

GTL - CLEAN and SECURE US has enough coal to produce CTL for 300 years

ZSM-5Aluminum Hydride Regeneration

Page 18: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 18Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

LNG/CNG Worse than coal and diesel in greenhouse emissions

โ€ข By adding methane into the โ€œlifecycleโ€ calculation of climate impact, natural gas could be significantly worse than diesel and coal (see graph).

โ€ข The climate benefits of natural gas may be overstated, says new EPA research

Source: EconMatters

Page 19: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 19Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

Refining vs. GTLRefining vs. GTL

โ€ขโ€ข Refining Boils OilRefining Boils Oilโ€ขโ€ข GTL is 3 SeparateGTL is 3 Separate

Chemical Processes:Chemical Processes:

1. H1. H22O + CHO + CH44 HH22 + CO+ CO[ catalyst][ catalyst]

2. H2. H22 + CO H+ CO H22O + CO + CnnHH2n2n[iron or cobalt catalyst][iron or cobalt catalyst]

3. C3. CnnHH2n2n from Cfrom C1010 โ€“โ€“ CC2323

to Cto C1515 โ€“โ€“ CC2828[ catalyst][ catalyst]

Gases

Oil Liquids

Asphalt

1. H2O + CH4 2H2 + CO[nickel tungsten catalyst]

2. 2H2 + CO H2O + CnH2n[iron or cobalt catalyst]

3. CnH2n from C10H23to C15H28

[nickel based catalyst]

Refining vs GTL Potential Market Size for Israeli ZSM-5 CatalystRefining vs. GTLRefining vs. GTL

โ€ขโ€ข Refining Boils OilRefining Boils Oilโ€ขโ€ข GTL is 3 SeparateGTL is 3 Separate

Chemical Processes:Chemical Processes:

1. H1. H22O + CHO + CH44 HH22 + CO+ CO[ catalyst][ catalyst]

2. H2. H22 + CO H+ CO H22O + CO + CnnHH2n2n[iron or cobalt catalyst][iron or cobalt catalyst]

3. C3. CnnHH2n2n from Cfrom C1010 โ€“โ€“ CC2323

to Cto C1515 โ€“โ€“ CC2828[ catalyst][ catalyst]

Gases

Oil Liquids

Asphalt

1. H2O + CH4 2H2 + CO[nickel tungsten catalyst]

2. 2H2 + CO H2O + CnH2n[iron or cobalt catalyst]

3. CnH2n from C10H23to C15H28

[nickel based catalyst]

ZSM-5

ZSM-5

ZSM-5

ZSM-5

ZSM-5

ZSM-5

Page 20: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 20Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

ZSM-5 GTL Technologies The Key to National Energy Security

Aluminum Hydride Regeneration

Catalyst+

CO + H๏ฟฝ

H๏ฟฝO + CO๏ฟฝ + other hydrocarbons

400 Products

CO + H๏ฟฝ (Synthesis gas)

GTL

Option

+400 ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื

Page 21: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 21Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

LNG the Resource Curse?

โ€œื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ 100 ืกื˜ืืจื˜ืืคื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื ืคื˜โ€

Page 22: GTL Gas to Liquid

l ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

305 billion standard cubic feet of natural gas per year $1.5 billion annually in natural gas purchases at todayโ€™s US prices.

convert 1.6 billion cubic feet of gas a day into 120,000 barrels a day of condensate, liquid petroleum gas and ethane as well as 140,000 barrels a day of fuels including gasoil, naphtha and base oil.

Israel: Small Scale Solution of the new catalysts technology we can build facilities from $ 10 million TO $ 20 billion. Aluminium hydride regeneration will reduce the cost production for GTL & CTL by 40-50%.

The Game Changer

USA Lake Charles Sasol$10-Billion

gas-to-liquids (GTL)2012 Start Production

Qatar: Shell$19-Billion Pearl GTL gas-to-liquids (GTL)

2012 Start Production

ISRAEL GTLโ€“ZSM-5$16-Million for pilot

$10-Million R&D Al Hydride Beginning 2012

Natural Gas

Catalist

Page 23: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 23Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

THE State of Israel must not let the market manage the energy sector

The State of Israel must Says No to Gas Exports

Page 24: GTL Gas to Liquid

l ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

GTL vs LNG Value ($) vs Efficiency

LNG begins life as natural gas and ends life as natural gasGTL begins life as natural gas and ends life as a refined product such as diesel + 400 productswhile both are carbon based, their VALUES ($) are totally different.Coal and diamond are both carbon based.

Which would you prefer!

LNG Produced Natural gas & eliminate the gas reserves of Israel in less than 25 years

GTL Produced Diesel & Benzin and Create tens of thousands of new jobs use THE gas for 50 years + 400 products

The choice is simple go for the higher value ($)Go for Green nanotechnology

Page 25: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 25Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

100 Billion Barrels...

Israeli Technology Potential Market ZSM-5 + GTL + Al Hydride Regeneration

You See This Rock?

This is what a multi-billion-dollar shale oil industry looks like. Now add the 482 trillion cubic feet of natural gas trapped in formations across the United States..

Page 26: GTL Gas to Liquid

Israel Potential to Contribute to Energy Independence

Recoverable resources, Tcl (Tera cubic feel)

l ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

World Gas Resources by Gas Type

Page 27: GTL Gas to Liquid

l ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝGas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

Invest in our Green Nanotechnology Against Iran oil Weapon

The Israeli government decision (GTL vs LNG) will directly affect the decision making of the other governments.And affects the entire global world oil market.

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ )ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื( ื•ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืคื ื•

ืืช ื”ื’ื– ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืกื™ื ื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื”ื ืœื ื™ืงื˜ื ื• ืขืงื‘ ื–ื”, ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ืœืง ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื™ืฉืชืคืจื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช, ืชืงื˜ืŸ ืชืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™, ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืฉืชืคืจ, ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ื

ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ืจื–ื™ื ืœืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื ืคื˜ ืžื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืœืง ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ืžืคืฆืœื™ ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืžื”ื’ื–

ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื•ืžื”ืคื—ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื ืฉืง ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™.

Iranโ€™s oil Exports

ืคื•ื ื˜ืฆื™ืืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื•ืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื“ืœืงื™ื ืกื™ื ื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื

Page 28: GTL Gas to Liquid

l 28Gas, Coal & Shale Rock to Liquids Technology Worldwide

GTL vs LNG ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช

Tarbut l Molcho

ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื:ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€ขื•ืœื™ื™ืฆื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš

ืœืงื ื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืžื ื• ื“ืœืง ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกืคืงืช ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ื

ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื.

ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ โ€ขืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™

ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ 35 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.

ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš โ€ขืœืงื ื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื•ืคื—ื ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื

ืžื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื ืคื˜ ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื.

ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื

ื•ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ื’ื– ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™

ื ืคื˜ ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ืขื“ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืืจื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื!

BCM 1,047 ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ืžื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื .1

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: BCM 7 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013, .2BCM 11.1 ื‘ืฉื ืช BCM 16 ,2020 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2030 ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืืš ืœื ืจืง.

ื•ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื ืืช ื”ื’ื– ืฉืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ 16 .3BCM ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœ-65 ืฉื ื”.

ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ 2 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ืกื•ืœืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” .4ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช )ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื( ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉ BCM 4.5 ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœ-GTL ื‘ืฉื ื”

ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ 40,000 ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.

BCM 5 ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 45,000 ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœ .5ื‘ืขืจืš ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ BCM 21 ืœืฉื ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื’ื– ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืœืžืฉืš 50 ืฉื ื”.

ื”ืกืคืงืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืœืง ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ BCM 13.5 ื’ื– ืœืฉื ื” .6ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“ BCM 29.5 )ืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ืฆื•ื ืœืขื–ื” ื•ืœื™ืจื“ืŸ(.

ื›ืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื•ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื ืคื˜ .7GTL ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœ-35 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

LNG ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื’ื–. .8ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืคื•ืกืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœื = ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืฆื•ื ืคื•ืกืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ืฉื ื™ื, ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืคืจืžืฆื‘ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000 ื›ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื

ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ = ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ื™ืฆื•ื ืœืฉื ื”.

ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืคื™ื ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ื’ื– ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื .9ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ื ื–ืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืš

ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืชืงืŸ GTL ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžื•ื›ื—ืช. .10

Economic Boom!