GS 9120 1TC-382.5

GS 9120 2W-778

Find quality people… Find quality people…

Convince them of what is needed… Convince them of what is needed…

Get out of the way.Get out of the way.

Norman R. AugustineNorman R. Augustine

LLEADERSHIPEADERSHIP

GS 9120 3

A Leadership QuizA Leadership QuizWould You Invest Your Money in These People?Would You Invest Your Money in These People?

IP-611Who is the Leader?Who is the Leader?

11

22

GS 9120 4

I Hope So!I Hope So!

IP-612.1Microsoft Corporation, 1978Microsoft Corporation, 1978

11

GS 9120 5Microsoft Corporation, 1978Microsoft Corporation, 1978

IP-612.2

Bill GatesBill Gates

22

GS 9120 6

Source: Financial TimesSource: Financial Times

IA-550.1

Leadership MattersLeadership Matters

GS 9120 7W-709

GS 9120 8W-705

GS 9120 9IP-434

GS 9120 10W-765

““Leadership is wisdom and Leadership is wisdom and courage and carelessness of self”courage and carelessness of self”

Inscription on Inscription on British Officer's TombstoneBritish Officer's TombstoneNormandy, FranceNormandy, France

GS 9120 11IP-749.6

Good Leaders Are AlwaysGood Leaders Are AlwaysThinking of Their TroopsThinking of Their Troops

GS 9120 12IP-749.7

GS 9120 13IP-749.8

GS 9120 14W-744

““The reward of command isThe reward of command isthe opportunity to lead, the opportunity to lead,

not to have a bigger tent.”not to have a bigger tent.”

General George A. CusterGeneral George A. Custer

IP-603

LeadershipLeadership15GS 9120

GS 9120 16TC-389.1

The Most Important The Most Important Quality of a LeaderQuality of a Leader

GS 9120 17W-615

GS 9120 18TC-389.2

Leaders See the Leaders See the Big PictureBig Picture

GS 9120 19

The Dangers of Narrow ThinkingThe Dangers of Narrow Thinking

People Who Can Decide to

Provide Federal Aid to Colorado

X-EN-24.1

GS 9120 20X-EN-24.2

The Dangers of Narrow ThinkingThe Dangers of Narrow Thinking

People Who Can Decide to

Provide Federal Aid to Colorado

People Planning to

Take a Vacation in Colorado

GS 9120 21

(Systems) Engineering (Systems)

Norm’s Definition

“Systems Engineering is the practice of

creating the means of performing useful

functions through the combination of

two or more interacting elements.”

X-EN-23

GS 9120 22

A Simple SystemA Simple System

Source: Friedrich Wiekhorst

X-EN-19.1

GS 9120 23

Source: Unknown

IP-619

GS 9120 24IP-829.9

GS 9120 25

A Simple SystemA Simple System

Source: Friedrich Wiekhorst

Possible States

X-EN-19.2

GS 9120 26IP-860.1

Example of Three Interacting ElementsExample of Three Interacting Elements

GS 9120 27TC-389.3

6464

GS 9120 28

““The Monster”The Monster”

I = 2I = 2n (n-1)n (n-1)

I = Number of Potential StatesI = Number of Potential Statesnn = Number of Elements = Number of Elements

X-EN-20

GS 9120 29

1,073,741,8241,073,741,824

X-EN-21

GS 9120 30

““A billion is a thousand million? Why wasn’t I informed of this?”A billion is a thousand million? Why wasn’t I informed of this?”

HC-199

X-DI-36 31GS 9120

X-DI-37 32GS 9120

GS 9120 33HC-214

GS 9120 34

The “Near-Sonic” Commercial TransportThe “Near-Sonic” Commercial Transport

““The Aerodynamisists The Aerodynamisists vsvs the Systems Engineers” the Systems Engineers”oror

Required Drag CoefficientRequired Drag CoefficientAn Aerodynamicist’s ViewAn Aerodynamicist’s View

DragDragCoefficientCoefficient

(Normalized)(Normalized)

Mach NumberMach Number

0.50.0 1.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.00.8 0.85

T-298.3

GS 9120 35

00 100100 200200 300300 400400

T-298.2

The “Near-Sonic” Commercial TransportThe “Near-Sonic” Commercial Transport

““The Aerodynamisists The Aerodynamisists vsvs the Systems Engineers” the Systems Engineers”oror

Time from Washington DC to AtlantaTime from Washington DC to Atlanta““A Systems Engineer’s View”A Systems Engineer’s View”

TodayToday

““Near Near Sonic”Sonic”

Elapsed Time =Elapsed Time =5 5 HHooururs s aannd d 50 50 MiMinnututeses

Elapsed Time =Elapsed Time =5 5 HHooururs s aannd d 43 43 MiMinnututeses

MinutesMinutes

MinutesMinutes

Travel Travel to to

Reagan Reagan NationalNational

Check-in Check-in and and Clear Clear

SecuritySecurity

Flight Flight DurationDuration

Recover Bags, Recover Bags, Obtain Obtain Ground Ground

TransportationTransportation

Travel Travel to to

City City CenterCenter

00 100100 200200 300300 400400

GS 9120 36TC-389.4

Leaders Think Leaders Think StrategicallyStrategically

GS 9120 37

Source: American Memory WebpageSource: American Memory Webpage

IP-598

GS 9120 38

““The Impact of Strategic Decisions” or “Tale of Two Companies”The Impact of Strategic Decisions” or “Tale of Two Companies”

X-BU-30

The Rise and Fall of Aerospace CompaniesThe Rise and Fall of Aerospace Companies

1985198519801980 19901990 19951995 20002000 20052005 20102010

Then Then Year Year

$B$B

Heritage Fairchild Heritage Fairchild AerospaceAerospace

Lockheed Lockheed MartinMartin

Heritage Martin Heritage Martin AerospaceAerospace

GS 9120 39W-450.1

GS 9120 40LM-5.4 40GS 9120

GS 9120 41W-208.1

GS 9120 42TC-389.5

Leaders Exercise Leaders Exercise Sound JudgmentSound Judgment

GS 9120 43

Source: Smithsonian WebpageSource: Smithsonian Webpage

IP-599

GS 9120 44X-DI-24

GS 9120 45TC-389.6

Leaders Take Leaders Take Prudent RisksPrudent Risks

GS 9120 46

Photo Source: UPI/Bettmann NewsphotosPhoto Source: UPI/Bettmann Newsphotos

IP-658.1

GS 9120 47W-235

GS 9120 48IP-632

GS 9120 49

Teleoperator Retrieval SystemTeleoperator Retrieval System

IP-575

GS 9120 50

Intense Solar ActivityIntense Solar Activity

Source: NASA/ESAIP-837

GS 9120 51X-EN-25

What Is It You Want?What Is It You Want?

(Favorable)(Favorable)

(Neutral)(Neutral)

OptionsOptions

Ou

tco

me

Ou

tco

me

Uncontrollable Variable (Linear)Uncontrollable Variable (Linear)

AA

C

B

(Unfavorable)(Unfavorable)

B

Best Possible OutcomeBest Possible Outcome

Least Negative OutcomeLeast Negative Outcome

Compromise OutcomeCompromise OutcomeC

GS 9120 52

Source: Jane’s Historical AircraftSource: Jane’s Historical Aircraft

IP-118.3

Prepare for the UnexpectedPrepare for the Unexpected

GS 9120 53W-823

Risk Taking – 101Risk Taking – 101

I.I. Be sure you know what you are trying to accomplishBe sure you know what you are trying to accomplish

II.II. Be sure you understand the risks being takenBe sure you understand the risks being taken

III.III. Be sure the benefits are worth the potential negative Be sure the benefits are worth the potential negative consequencesconsequences

IV.IV. Have a risk-management planHave a risk-management plan

V.V. Be certain the worst case is survivableBe certain the worst case is survivable

GS 9120 54W-785

““I do not recommend failure. Nor am I I do not recommend failure. Nor am I attracted to the idea that failure builds attracted to the idea that failure builds character. But the willingness to accept the character. But the willingness to accept the risk of failure is one of the costs of leadership risk of failure is one of the costs of leadership and, therefore, the price of all success.” and, therefore, the price of all success.”

Harold ShapiroHarold ShapiroPresident, Princeton UniversityPresident, Princeton University

GS 9120 55TC-389.7

Leaders ListenLeaders Listen

GS 9120 56W-798

And the users exclaimed And the users exclaimed with a laugh and a taunt, with a laugh and a taunt, it’s just what we asked for, it’s just what we asked for, but not what we want.but not what we want.

(Anon)(Anon)

GS 9120 57

Source:Source: Report of the Presidential Commission on the Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger AccidentSpace Shuttle Challenger Accident

X-MA-12

GS 9120 58IA-282 58GS 9120

GS 9120 59X-MA-13

GS 9120 60X-MA-14

GS 9120 61

HubbleHubble

Source: Hubble Space TelescopeSource: Hubble Space Telescope

IP-566

GS 9120 62

Source: NASASource: NASA

IP-569

HubbleHubble

GS 9120 63IP-359 GS 9120 63

GS 9120 64

Optical Hubble Telescope AssemblyOptical Hubble Telescope Assembly

IP-567

GS 9120 65

Source: Photo by Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field/Planetary Camera-IISource: Photo by Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field/Planetary Camera-II

IP-429.1

GS 9120 66TC-389.8

Leaders Know That the Leaders Know That the Devil Is in the DetailsDevil Is in the Details

GS 9120 67IP-185

GS 9120 68

VortexVortex

IP-838

GS 9120 69IP-576.1 GS 9120 69

GS 9120 70

Space Shuttle Computer Space Shuttle Computer Synchronization SimplifiedSynchronization Simplified

As PlannedAs Planned

First FlightFirst Flight

T-296

InitializationInitialization

Begin Begin

SearchSearch

Timing Marker for Timing Marker for InitializationInitialization

Begin Begin

SearchSearch

GS 9120 71IP-571

Source: LockheedSource: Lockheed

L1011L1011

GS 9120 72TC-389.9

Leadership’s Leadership’s Biggest ProblemBiggest Problem

GS 9120 73IP-186.1

Humans!Humans!

GS 9120 74TP-5

GS 9120 75HC-204

Source: off the markSource: off the mark

GS 9120 76TC-389.10

Getting It All RightGetting It All Right

GS 9120 77IP-415 GS 9120 77

GS 9120 78TC-389.11

A Final Word…A Final Word…(or Six)(or Six)

GS 9120 79W-797

““If at all possible, If at all possible, be lucky!”be lucky!”

Al UlteschiAl Ulteschi