Group F:

Vertebrates

By: Roy Mandanas, Davyn Leon, and Carl Jimenez

Fish

Over half of all vertebrates are fishes.

Fishes are the most diverse vertebrate group.Fishes exhibit five key

charactereistics Vertebral column Jaws and paired

appendages Internal gills Single-loop blood circulations Nutritional deficiencies

Am

phib

ians

Living Amphibians have five

distunguishing features

Legs: Legs are one of the key

adaptions to life on land

Lungs: Amphinbian breathe by

lowering the floor of the mouth to

suck in air, and then raising it

back to force the air down into

the lings Cutaneous Respiration:

Pulmonary veins: In this way

aerated blood is pumped to the

tissue at a much higher pressure

Partially divided heart: The blood

circulation is thus divided into 2

sperate paths: pulmonary and

systemic.

Repti

les

Repitles exhibit 3 characteristics

Amnitoic eggs: The outermost

membrane of the egg is the chorion

Dry skin: Most Living amphibians have

moist skin and must remain in moist

places to drying out

Thoracic breathing: breath by squeezing

their throat to pump air into lungs; limits

their breathing capacity to the volume

of their mouths Also have presence and number of

openings behind the eyes. Jaw

muscles were anchored to there holes

to bite more powerfully

Belong to 4 groups: Order

Chelonia(turtles and tortoises), order

rhynchocephalia(Tuataras),Order

Squamata (lizards and snakes), Order

Crocodylia (crocs and alligators)

Bir

ds Key characteristics:

Feather: made of keratin, used for flight

and heat conservation

Flight skeleton: thin and

hollow bones

Mam

mals

Key Characteristics: Hair: all mammals have hair. Evolution of

fur and the regulation of body

temperature enabled mammals to

invade colder climates that enabled

mammals to invade colder climates that

ectothermic reptiles do not inhabit

Mammary glands: All female mammals

possess mammary glands can secrete

milk. Newborn mammals suckle this

milk as their primary food. About 50% of

the energy of the milk is fat

Endothermy: a crucial adaptation that

has allowed them to be active at any

time of the day or night and to colonize

severe environments, from deserts to

ice fields Placenta: Females carry their developing

young internally in a uterus, nourishing

them through the placenta, and give

birth to live young

True a

nd F

als

e

1.Reptiles make up the

most of vertebrates’2.Legs are one of the key

adaption to life on land

3.Reptiles breath by squeezing their throat

to pump air into lungs

4.Birds have flight skeltons with hollow bones5.All mammals have hair

Mulit

iple

choic

e

Which of the following

is NOT one of the five

characteristics of Fish?a)Vertebral columnb)Jaws and paired

appendagesc)Cutaneous respiration

d)Internal gillse)Single-loop blood circulations