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Infrastructure of a Large
Organization
Carlos Flores, Kweku Ocran, Jaseem
Alrshidan
● Network Topologies
● Types of Networks
● Network Architecture
● Hardware
● Security
● Model
● Activity
Overview
Refers to the hardware/software resources of
an entire network that enable network
connectivity, communication, operations and
management of an enterprise network.
A metropolitan area network deals with the
same components as any campus- level
network.
Networking Infrastructure
The simplest topology with a permanent link
between two endpoints. Switched point-to-point
topologies are the basic model of conventional
telephony.
Point-to-point
In local area networks where bus topology is
used, each node is connected to a single cable.
Each computer or server is connected to the
single bus cable.
Bus
A network topology that is set up in a circular fashion
in which data travels around the ring in one direction
and each device on the ring acts as a repeater to keep
the signal strong as it travels.
Ring
Hybrid networks use a combination of any two or more
topologies, in such a way that the resulting network
does not exhibit one of the standard topologies (e.g.,
bus, star, ring, etc.).
Hybrid
A star network is a local area network (LAN) in which all nodes
(workstations or other devices) are directly connected to a common
central computer. Every workstation is indirectly connected to every
other through the central computer. In some star networks, the central
computer can also operate as a workstation.
Star
Advantages of Star Topology
1) As compared to Bus topology it gives far much better performance, signals don’t necessarily get
transmitted to all the workstations. A sent signal reaches the intended destination after passing through no
more than 3-4 devices and 2-3 links. Performance of the network is dependent on the capacity of central hub.
2) Easy to connect new nodes or devices. In star topology new nodes can be added easily without affecting
rest of the network. Similarly components can also be removed easily.
3) Centralized management. It helps in monitoring the network.
4) Failure of one node or link doesn’t affect the rest of network. At the same time its easy to detect the failure
and troubleshoot it.
Disadvantages of Star Topology
1) Too much dependency on central device has its own drawbacks. If it fails whole network goes down.
2) The use of hub, a router or a switch as central device increases the overall cost of the network.
3) Performance and as well number of nodes which can be added in such topology is depended on capacity
of central device.
Advantages Star
Campus/Metropolitan Area Network
Building C
Building B
Building A
City Limits
Main Building
MAN Technologies
● Fiber Distribution Data Interface
● Asynchronous Transfer Mode
● Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service
Network Architecture
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)● No central computer
server
● Mostly used for file
sharing
● Quality of network
depends on users
Client/Server (Tiered)● Greater Flexibility
● Better Security
● Increased Performance
● Requires more
resources
● More complex to
manage
Network Architecture
Devices that forward data packets along
networks. A router is connected to at least two
networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a
LAN and its ISP’s network.
Routers
This is an example of a router in the network
interacting with the Main LAN transferring data
to the router, then data reaches the switch.
Routers
Main Building
(Main LAN)
Switch
Router
Computer networking devices that connect
devices together on a computer network, by
using packet switching to receive, process, and
forward to the chosen destination device.
Switches
This is an example of the switch connecting to the
router, then deciding which destination the data
goes.
Switches
Firewall
Switch
Router
Public
External
Server
Building (LAN)
Internet ISP
Main Building
(Main LAN)
Router Router
Switch Switch
Public
External
Server
Public
External
Server
MAN
NETWORK
Firewall
Firewall
Building A
(LAN)Building B
(LAN)
Build Your Own LAN
LAN Activity
