AOROECOSYSTEMS ANO LANO USE PLANNINO IN CAMPINAS COUNTY. BRAZIL

José Roberto MlrandaMateus BatistellaCrlstlna Mattos

Alexandre Camargo CoutlnhoJoio Alfredo Mangabelra

Núcleo de Moniloramento Ambienta! (EM8RAPA-NMA)Av Dr Júlio Soares de Arruda, 803

13000-300 Campinas, SP, Arazi!Phone55-192-525917 Fa)(. 55 192-541100

E-mail poslmasler@nrna ernbrnpa br

EVArlsto Eduardo de MlrandaAIE'jandro Jorge Dorado

ECOFORÇA Pesqursa e DesenvolvirnenloRua Joc;ô Inocãncro de Campos, 148

13024 230 Campinas ~p BlazIIPhone55-1925522A4 raK <;', 192540343

E-mail ec()f~hrrap(>c;p hllnel

Commission VII, Working Grnup 3---------'--- -

KEY WORDS: Agroecosystems, Geoprocessing, Land Use Planning, Campinas County, GIS and RS Applications.

ABSTRACT:

In Brazu, lhe ecological science is [ust beginning 10 produce some good results using remote senslng andgeoprocessing techniques. Particularly, lhe land use p!annlng has stimulated researchers 10 work with safe/life dataand geographlc information systems for better cartographic diaqnosis. bolh in time and space This paper ilustrafeshowa team of ecologlsts has dealt wlth these problems in Campinas county (about 800 km2), charactertzed by a hlghlandscape diversity. Using the computer facilities of the Envuonrnental Moniloring Cenler ([MBRAPA-NMA) and of theNGO ECOFORCE - Research and Development, SPOT and LANDSAT TM images and a Srazilian GIS, a digitaldalabase was crealed at the scale of 1:50,000 wilh more than 50 layers and 100 Mb large. 11included digital elevatlonmodel, soil, stream and road networks, land use, agrlcultural param=ters. 'aunistic habitats, etc Since last year, lheresults have been used by the county authorities to plan lhe agricultural activities and Id decree environmentalprolection areas.

1. INTRODUCTION ecotoqrcal and socioeconornical syslems, trom thespaual and tqmporal points of view.

The evatualion of a production systern sustalnabntty is acomplex malter, since Ihere are nol crileria and methodsclearty defined or broadly accepted.

This paper summarizes the resulls of a multi-inslitutionalproject abou! fhe use of methodological tools. They arerepresented mainly by lha GIS applications to theenvironnrental impact assessmenl of different land uses,W,II. lhe financia I support from lhe Centro Internacionalde Investrqaciones para ai Desarrollo (CIID) and lhe RedInternacional de Melodologla de Investigacl6n deSistemas de Producción (RIMISP). several products weregeneraled and are available at the EnvironmefltalMoniloring Center (NMA) and at the NGO ECOFORCE -Research and Development.

These difficulties increase when it comes to assess thesustainabrnty of various production systems at d,fferentlevels of perception: rural property, hydrologicai basin,rural communily or county.

There ls a lack of adequate melhodologies 10 evalualethe agricultural sustainabllity of production systems,when they are considered as being Inlegrated 10 larger

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. .2. OBJECTIVES

2.1 Maln objective

The main objective of this project was 10 develop amelhodology 10 characterize and 10 assess. in smallfarms, the agricultural suslainability of differentproduction systems, considering lhe micro-regional levei(community, basin, counly), and using GIS and salelhteImagery.

2.2 Speclftc objectlves

The main objective was translaled mto four c;pecificobjectlves

- To develop a methodology, based on GIS, for lhecharacterizalion of lhe polenlial agricultural use ofnatural resources such as relief, sorls, waler andV etahon, in áreas of smatl farrns,

_To consolrdate a m thodology 10 charactenze lhepresenl land use and lhe mam production sY'ilpms,uslng geoprocessing techniques, m areas of srnallfarm :

. To develop a methodologv, based on GIS, 10characteri7P lhe envuonrnental unpact of aqncultur alaClivitipc;,

To consolidate a methodology, baved on GIS, 10evaluate the sustainabllity of smal/ farms productronsystems at the community, basrn or county levels

3. MATERIAL ANO METHODS

3,1 OOy.rea

Campinas County is íocated in the central-westem par! oflhe State of sao Paulo, Brazil (22053' S 'and 47°05'WGr) The total area of 781 km2 is intensivellycultivated, urbanized and mdustrlalízed

The altitude varies from 500 to 1,100 melers and lheannual precipilations from 1,300 to 1,500 mm.

3.2 Equlpments and softwares

Th digital cartography was made with the ImageProcessmg and Geographical Informallon Systems(S'TIMlSGI 340, versron 2.4), bolh developed by lheNationallnslllute of Space Research (INPE, Brazn)

The equipments included a PC-486 with 8 Mbytes RAMnd 180 Mbytes hard disc, 5 1/4" and 3.112" floppy disc

drivers and Super VGA color monitor: UVI-340 graphic

board, AO digilizing tabt=t, color electrostalic plolter andlaser prinlers

3.3 Methods

Four marn methodological procedures were developed,based on GIS operations and in aceordance wrth lhespecifie objeclives, for lhe study of:

• Potential aqncultural land use;• Prp.sf'rtl land use and productron systems;• Envuonmental impacls of agrlcultural acttvttres.• Prortucncn systoms sustainabihtv

Th""e mr-thods Wl'fO based on lhe use of a geoeodlfied!;tructuro aI lhe 'irale of 1 100.000

4.RESULTS

FOI lhe evaluatron and carlography of the polentialaqur ullura! land uses, I''ilfH) GIS (Objective 1), variouspr ocr-dures were ulillled. qenf>raling many producls

1 Olylll.lIng 01 lhe contour rnap (1 50,000).') Digital gelleralloll of '''0 tllpsomelrlc rnap,1 Digital qeneratron {Ir /1,(> decllvlty map,

" Genor atron of lhe 'iflil II1i1p.wlth fleld survevs5 n,q,liil qC'nf'fatron of the f'rr>slon rt'ik milp,fi Olgll,jl generaliulI 01 lhe pulpllllal aqucuttur at rand use

rnap,, Gener atron ar lhe hydroloCjlcal, basrns (rlgure 1), and

catctunr-uts rnaps,6 Genr-ratron o] lhe vr-rtebrate nabrtats rnap, wrth field

surv=ys9 Overlays of lhe pot=nttal aqncultural land use map

nnd lhe v""f'hl ale !tiltJllals map, using booleanOpPI auons,

10 Anatysrs, valrdatron and synlha'ils of the melhods forpotentral land use cvalualion

For lhe characterizatron of the prf'sent land use and lhemam produclion syc;lf'rns. usrnq GIS (Objocnve 2),salelhle irnaqes (I J\NDSJ\ rrrM5 and SPOT),topoqraptucat maps and grollnd truthmg, variousprocedures wCle utllil'ed and products generatl'd

1. Legend generallon, characlerizing lhe present landuse 1he dlffereol land uses were relatf'rl 10 theveqetation Iype. frorn Itlf> more stable (foresls, forexample) to lhe more un-itabte (annual crops ).

2 PrelimlOary dr-hrrutatron flr 1/,,' rnam agrOf'ro'iystems10 Campinas county, bac; f'(j on LANOSA r TM andSPOT rmaqes. at lhe 1 100.000 seale,

3. Dlgllal processrnq of lhe satelute images Wltll SiTIM,4. tnteçration of the analoqtcat mterpretat.on and lhe

digital classiflcatron for 10 dlfferent land uses orecosystems:

325

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WNO'

COUNTY 1 3R~Z~'_8PSINS

EMBRAPA/NHA ECOFORCA'[NANCtAL SUPPORT: tORe

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Figure 1. Map of the hidrographical b

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5. Ground trulhing ldentification and finalcharacterization of the agricultural land uses;

6. Digitizing of lhe final land use map,7. Identification and characterization of the main

production systems The ECOFORCE has

systernancauy surveyed lhe srnall farmers inCampinas county, collecnnq also informations frommedrurn-sized and big producers, usingmelhodolagies already successfully tested in olherpar1s of the countrv.

8. Cartography of lhe main production systems spatraldlstribution, m relation 10 the Iand use (Figure 2);

9 Ouantification aI the relative importance of theproductlon systems, based on lhe occupied area anellhe sludied pr opertlns:

10 Eva/uatlon of lhe productions systems vanabilitvwílhin each one 01 Ille main land uses,

11.ldenlificalioll and ctas siücation of lhe pr oríuctron

systems rnain !"nvlrolHlIental rmpacts, drr ect or

indirect, perrnanent nr tNnporary, local ar rp.giona.12 Ouantificalron of lhe pr oduction systems

envlfonrnental unpacts for OT1P. hectar of each landuse Iype, based on fjnld data and on bibtioqr aphtcrefarences,

13. Generation of a numancal dalabase wilh lhe theproduction svsterns rnarn erwrronmenlal rmpacts,

14. Analysis, valrdation anel synlhesls of lhe melhods ofcharactenzmq lhe prpc;ent iand use and lhe marn

production systems

The evaluatron and cartoqrapnv of the envuonrnentalimpacts or aqncultural adivrties (Objective 3), using GISlechniques, were made by crossrng lhe numerical dataabout lhe production sy!iloll1s wilh lhe cartographicaldata stored in GIS. This dalabase was related to lhedifferent land use Iypes Ihrough GIS

The followed, tesled and evalualed procedures were.

1. Generation of lhe cnvironmental impact map for eaehIand use Iypa and productron svstem, in terms or soils(Figure 3);

2, Generation of the environmenlaf impact map for eachland use type and production syslem, in terms of air:

3. General/on of lhe envrronrnental impad rnap for eachfand use type and production system, in lerms ofsurface water resourees;

4. Generation of the environmenlal tmpact map for eachJand use type and production systern. in terms offauna.

5. Generation of lhe environmenlal impact map for eaehJand use Iype and production system, in terrns ofvegetation;

6. Ground trulhing. Implemenlation of threeenvironmental impact seenarios (minimurn, mediumand maximum) for each studied natural resource;

7. Generation of a final synthesis map of lheenvironmental impact causeo by each procuctron

system, based on lhe individual envrronrnental impactmaps (1 to 5) for each natural resource (soil, air,surface waler, tauna and vegetation),

8. Consolidation o! Ihese maps into a final map of lhecritica I areas for environmental Impacts caused byagricultura I activities considering Ihp. cllfferentresourees,

9 Analysis, validalion and synthesis of lhe melhods ofevalualing lhe envrronrnental impacts of aqriculturalactivities. in drfferen! production syslems

Final/y, for lhe evalualion of lhe agricultural suslainabtlityaI lhe micro-regional leveI (Objective 4), crosslngsbelween numerical daIa aboul lhe production systemsand lhe dlgrlal cartographic database have been done,trying 10 assess lhe spatial-temporal dynarrucs of theland uses and lhe inleractions belween lhe variousproduction systerns

5. CONCLUSION

'r he use of geoprocessiny techniques foragroecosysterns rnonitormq represenls a new way ofinlegralron of spatia: and nurnerrral data

fhis paper surnrnanz ed how a learn of ecok.çrsts nasworked for lhe as sessrnent of lhe main productionsyslerns sustamabuíty in lhe Campinas county, Brazi/.

lhe results included analytical ano syntnetrc maps,generaled Ihanks 10 lhe use of GIS taciutres

This dalabase has been eonlinuously ímproved andupdated, and is available at the EnvironmentalMonitoring Center (NMA-EMBRAPA) and atECOFORCE

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