Grid Computing

Manjari Upparahal (10C21A0553)

What is Grid Computing?

• Grid Computing is the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains.

• Computational Grids

– Homogeneous

– Heterogeneous

• “The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure”, Kesselman & Foster

Criteria for a Grid*:

1. Coordinates resources that are not subject to centralized control.

2. Uses standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces.

3. Delivers nontrivial qualities of service.

Grid Computing Concept

1. Many heterogeneous computers over the whole world can be used to provide a lot of CPU power and data storage capacity

2. Applications can be executed at several locations

3. Combining geographically distributed services

4. Collaboration5. Seamless access, Web

services

TOWARDS GRID COMPUTING: A CONCEPTUAL VIEW

Computational Grids• A network of geographically distributed resources

including computers, peripherals, switches, instruments, and data.

• Each user should have a single login account to access all resources.

• Grids are typically managed by gridware. • Gridware can be viewed as a special type of

middleware that enable sharing and manage grid components based on user requirements and resource attributes (e.g., capacity, performance, availability…)

Basic Architecture

ResourcesAnything that your application might need

1. Computing – CPU type and speed, memory size

2. Data Centers – capacity, sharing

3. Communications Network – connectivity, bandwidth

4. Software and Licences – OS, local tools and libraries

5. Special equipment, services

Non-Technical Characteristics

1.Authorisation Policies

– for example: for medical use only

2. Accounting

Grid MiddlewareSoftware that connects other software components orapplications to provide the following functions:(1) Run applications on suitable available resources – Brokering, Scheduling

(2)Provide uniform, high-level access to resources – Semantic interfaces – Web Services, Service Oriented Architectures

(3)Address inter-domain issues of security, policy, etc. – Federated Identities

(4)Provide application-level status – monitoring and control

Human Interfaces of Grid

1.User portal or client tools – Job definition, submission, control, monitoring and

resultcollection – Available grid capacity monitoring2. Resource Provider – Sharing based on characteristics – Installation, administration and maintenance.3. Administrator – Grid status monitoring – User and resource management – Middleware and server maintenance

Grid Topologies

1)Intragrid – Local grid within an organization – Trust based on personal contracts2) Extragrid – Resources of a consortium of organizations

connected through a (Virtual) Private Network – Trust based on Business to Business contracts3)Intergrid – Global sharing of resources through the internet – Trust based on certification

Methods of Grid Computing

1. Distributed Supercomputing

2. High-Throughput Computing

3. On-Demand Computing

4. Data-Intensive Computing

5. Collaborative Computing

6. Logistical Networking

Cousins of Grid Computing

• Parallel Computing

• Distributed Computing

• Peer-to-Peer Computing

• Many others: Cluster Computing, Network Computing, Client/Server Computing, Internet Computing, etc...

Grid Computing Benefits

1. Exploitation of Under-Utilized Resources

2. Reduces Computational Time

3. Provide Information Access

4. Reduces cost by optimizing existing IT infrastructure

5. Offers improved reliability

6. Effective management of resources

Application Areas of Grid Computing

Companies involved in Grid Computing

Conclusion…

• Hardware acceleration is offered to both local and remote users.

• Resources are available through an efficient and easy-to-use interface.

• A development environment is provided for devising and testing a wide variety of software, hardware and hybrid solutions.

• It is especially beneficial for applications with high demands for processing and storage, such as modeling, animations, Engineering, digital video production, or biomedical studies.

Thank You