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Grid Compliance and Wind turbines in weak and
Island grids
–
Søren Jes PlagborgVestas – Northern Europe
February 2006
2
• Information contained in the following expresses general views and shall not be construed as an expression of the policies or views of Vestas.
• Information contained in the following shall not be construed as detailed description of the properties or functioning of wind turbines manufactured by Vestas.
• Information contained in the following should merely be viewed as a contribution to the debate on the development of grid code requirements and the utilization of the potential of wind turbines in securing grid stability.
3
Content
Introduction• Why??• History• Content
Technical Requirements• Power• Voltage• SCADA
Example of Grid code
Trends• Turbine / Scada
4
[AESO]Canada
Wind Power Facility- Technical Requirements (Draft proposal)
23.08.2004
[CER]Ireland
Wind farm Transmission Grid Code Provisions- A Direction by the Commission for Energy Regulation
1.07.2004
[Eltra]Denmark
Vindmølleparker tilsluttet net med spændinger over 100 kV(Draft version)
16.09.2004
[E.ON] NetzGermany
Netzanschlussregeln- Hoch- und Höchstspannung
1.08.2003
[ESB] National GridIreland
Wind Code Changes- Distribution Code Modification Proposal Form
18.08.2004
[FGW]Germany
Technische Richtlinien für Windenergieanlagen- Teil 4 Bestimmung der Netzanschlussgrößen (Fördergesellschaft Windenergie e.V.)
1.9.2003
[NECA] Australia
National Electricity Code- Version 1.0 Amendment 8.6
May 2002
[Vattenfall] Europe Germany
Netzanschluss- und Netznutzungsregeln der Vattenfall Europe Transmission GmbH
1.01.2004
[VDN]Germany
TransmissionCode 2003- Netz- und Systemregeln der deutschen Übertragungsnetzbetreiber
Aug. 2003
[VDN]Germany
Verhalten von EEG-Erzeugungsanlagen bei Störungen im Netz 29.06.2004
[Vestas] Contributions from Grid Compliance Seminar in Billund 17-19. Aug. 2004
Aug. 2004
[Vestas, Chen] Guide of Grid ConnectionPower Quality Assessment of Vestas Wind Turbines
21.11.2002
[Western Power] Australia
Technical CodeVersion 1
31.3.1997
Current listing of new Wind Grid codes
Where ?
Everywhere
5
Why New ’Wind’ Grid codes??
• At national level. -no longer a minor energy source.
• The national grid stability will become dependant on Wind.
• Several regions throughout Europe are now exporting wind power to the transmission grid 60- 130 kV
• Unforseen trip of a >50 MW sized windfarm can significantly affect the balance on the transmission level (60-130 kV).
V82-1.65 MW,
6
Why new grid codes??Wind in Denmark- Jutland January 2003
0,00
500,00
1.000,00
1.500,00
2.000,00
2.500,00
3.000,00
3.500,00
4.000,00
12-30-02 0:00 1-4-03 0:00 1-9-03 0:00 1-14-03 0:00 1-19-03 0:00 1-24-03 0:00 1-29-03 0:00 2-3-03 0:00
Time
MW Consumption
Wind production
7
What does it say..?
• Some variations throughout the world.
• However, the main focus areas are….:
• Active power control • Reactive power control• Frequency control• Voltage fluctuations• Voltage - fault ride through• Extensive increase in
SCADA interface / demands
• Turbine Modelling data - PSS/E
• Flicker and Harmonic data / Power Quality data sheet
V80-2.0 MW,
8
A Solution for Farm control : VestasOnline -SCADA System
Pavail
Pref
Pavail
Pref
Active power control
Gradient power control
9
An example of Grid Code Requirements
Active Power Control
• Ramp up function • MW Curtailment set-point
10
An Example of Grid Code Requirements
Reactive Power Control
Increased Power factor range at interconnection point:
V90-3,0 MW reactive capability chart
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
kW
kVA
r
Cosphi 0,2 limit
Cosphi 0,2 limit
Cosphi 0,98
Cosphi 0,96
750 kVAr star limit
750 kVAr star limit
1500 kVAr delta limit
1500 kVAr delta limit
3061 kVA limit
3125 kVA limit
11
An Example of Grid Code RequirementsVoltage Control
e to 0.95 capacitiveat rated wind farm output at PCC(Point of Common Connection)
30000
31000
32000
33000
34000
35000
36000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Volt kVAr
2005-10-04 08:00 2005-10-05 08:00
12
Why Fault Ride Through..??
• Because it is expected from a primary energy source
-like Wind, Oil and Gas
13
Fault Ride Through -some examples…
14
An Example of Grid Code Requirements
Voltage disturbance
Voltage / Fault ride through Capabilities
15
Challenging Scope of Supply
Wind Farm –
TurbinesUtility NetworkSub-
Station
-A few years ago…!-Today!
The New Grid Codes causes the need of solutions at the Sub Station and results in new challenges for defining ”Scope of Supply”
16
Trends…
Static cap. banks
Dynamic Compensation module
WTG No. 1…9 WTG No. 10…18 WTG No. 19…27 WTG No. 28…35
G G G G G G G G
Sub station Switchgear
Step-Up Transformers66/22 kV
Substation
RCM /
Dynamic Compensation unit, SVC/STATCOM
Project specific, commercial/competitive edge
Critical for performance / compliance with grid codes
PCC
Block controller
To Interconnection
Remote dispatch center
Electrical infrastructure
17
-Summary…
• Current Trends = Tomorrows requirements
• SCADA is a required and vital part of the total solution.
• Extensive increase of control features between Wind Farm and the Electrical Utility SCADA Systems
• Cost issue: small projects versus large projects – turbine capabilities versus substation solutions
18
Wind, Oil and Gas
V66-1.75 MW