Greenough New Caesar Vocabulary Adobe 8 or Higher

7/30/2019 Greenough New Caesar Vocabulary Adobe 8 or Higher

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S I G N S A N D A B B R E V I A T I O N S .-.oc

8.. . . . .abs. . . . .- act. . . . .barr.. . . .cf. . . . .cog. . . . .comp. . . .comp., compar.concr. . . .conn. . . .decl. , . . ,def. . . . .dep. . . . .dim., dimin. .distrib. . . .em h. . . .enct . . . .Eng.. . . .esp. . . . .F., fem.. . .fig. . . . .fr. . . . .freq.. . . .Gr. . . . .imp., impers. .imv . . . . .increased . .ind., indecl. .indef. . . .insep. , . .instr. . . .inter., interrog.intens. . . .irr. . . . .lit. . . . .loc. . . . .

. active.. absolu&e(Zy).. active.. borrowed.. compare., cognate.. composition.. comparative.. concretely.. connection.. declined.. deyinite, defective.. deponent.. diminutive.. distribulive.. emphatic.. ending.. English.. especiaZZy.

. feminine.. figumtive(2y).. from.. frepentative.. Greek., impersonal. imperntzve., indicates theadditionof a letter or letters.. indeclinable.. inde$nite.. inseparable,. instrumental.. interrogative.. intensive.. irregular., literal(1y).. locative.

M., masc. . . . mrcsculine.neg. . . . . egatiw(2y).n. . . . . . euter (intranritive)N.,nent. , . . neuter.num. . . . . umeral.opp. . . . . pposed.orrg. . . . . riginaliy.p. . . . . . resent partici$le.pass. . . . . assive.perf. . . . . erfect.perh. . . . . erhaps.pl., plur. . . . lural.poss. . . . . ossibly.p. p. . . . . erfect participle.prob. . . . . robably.pron. . . . . ronoun, pronominal.reduced . . . ndicates the loss of asyllable in derivationor composition.reflex. . . . . e f m i v e ( l y ) .rel. . . . . . elative.sing. . . . . ingular.Sk. . . . . . anskrit.st. . , , , . stem.subjv. . . . . ub~~nctive.subst. . . . . udsantive(ly).sup., superl. , . superlative.term. . . . . ernzination.transf.. . . . ransferred (i.e. f r . a

proper t o a forcedmeaning).unc. . . . . ncertain.v. . . . . . erb.wh. . . . . . which, whence.weakened . . indicates a change of

sc. . . . . . upply.

vowel.Other common abbreviations will be readily understood.(-). A hyphen a t the end of a word means tha t the word is a stem; between twowords it means composition.(+). A plus sign indicates derivation by means of a derivative suffix followingthe sign.A root is generally given in S M A L L CAPITALS.(t). A dagger denotes a word not actually found, but assumed as having onceexisted.(?). A query denotes a doubtful etymology or meaning.Pull-faced type in parentheses denotes other spellings or forms.I , z ,3 , 4, refer to conjugations of verbs.


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V O C A B U L A R Y .

AA,,Aulus (wh. see).1, ee ab .a b (5, abs), [akin to Eng. of, o f ] ,adv. (in comp.).- rep. with abl.,aw ay f r o m , r o m (cf. ex, out of). -

Of place, with idea of motion, r o m :ab Arari iter convertere.- f time,ab hora quarta.- ig., f ron t , withm ore o r less feeling of mo tion : abcohortatione profectus ; empelare abiniuxiis; u tu s ab ; ab ramis ( f r o mtke 6ra?tches, as far as where theybegin). - it h expressions of meas-ure, of, aw ay, a t a distance of: amilibus passuum duobus, two miZesf -W it h different notion inEng.: ortum est ab, 6egan with;vacuum ab, destitute o f ; capit in-itium a, 6egin at; ab tanto spatio,so f a r of; ab oficio discedere ( f o r -sake, etc.) ; a quibus decedere (aban-don, etc.) ; gratiam inire ab, secuiagra titude f r o m , w in favor w i th ;postulare ab, ash of: - sp. withpassives and similar notions, 6y :accidere a Caesare (at the hands of,show ing th e origin of this meaning).-ESP. also (prob. as the placewhence the impression comes), 0%the side of; on, t , on the par t o f : afronte; a tergo; ab infimo; a dextro

cornu j a re frumentaria (in respectt o ) ; intritus ab labore (by) .- ncomp. of, away, apart; not, dis-, n-.abditus, p. p. of abdo.abdii, -dere , -did& -d itu s, [ab-do( p u t ) ] , 3. v. a., p u t away, remove,hide.- ith reflex., conceal onesse& hide.- i th in an d acc., hidein,withdraw to (take refuge am ong ),withdraw andhide away. -abdi tus ,-a, -um, p, p., hidden, remote, re-moved: abditi in tabernaculis (secZud-ing themselves, etc.).abdiicii, -d ike re, -diixi, -duc tus,[ab-duco], 3. v. a., Zeaa away, drawaw ay , take aw ay , Zead 08 arry away( o f persons o r things which m ove ofthemselves).abeii, -ire -ii, -itGrus, [ab-eo], irr.v. n., go away, go08 etire, go (outof sight o r away).abiciii, -icere, G c i , -iectus, [ab-ia-cio], 3. v. a., throw away, thwwdown, throw (away from ones self).abiEs, -ietis, [?I, F., j r o r spruce(tree or wood).abiectus, p. p. of abicio.

abiiinctus, p. p. of abiungo.ab iun gii , -iungere, -iiinxi, -iiinctus,[ab-iungo], 3. v. a., diybin, detack:abiuncto Labieno.


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abripii 2 acclivieab rip i5, -ripere, -ripui, -rep tus,[ab-rapio, seize], 3. v. a., carry of(with violence), drag awa y.abs , see ab.absc id6 , -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [abs-caedo], 3. v. a., cut of, lop o& tear

I tear away.ab sc isu s, p. p. of a bscido.absE ns, -elitis, see absu m .absimilis, -e, [ab-sixnilis, l i ke ] ,adj., unlike.absistb, -sistere, -stiti, no p. p.,[ab-sisto], 3. v. n., stand o& standaway , withdraw.- ig., leave o&keep aloof:abstineb, -tinare, -tinui, -tentus,

[abs-teneo], 2. v. n., hold (one's self)o f i- ig., refra in, spare: proelio (re-f r a i n f r o mgiving);mulieribus (spare).a b s t r l c t u s , p. p. of abs trah o.abs tr ah 6 , -trahere, -trLxi, -trHctus,[abs-traho], 3. v. a., drag of, dragnway.ab su m , -esse, -fui (Lfui), -futiirus,[ab-sum], rr. v. n., de away, be a6-sent, be of (at a distance).- ig.,suspicio (6e w an ting ); nomen (befarfrom he(ping) ; ab eo quin (6e farf rom be ing) ; multum quin (lackmuch o f , etc.) ; longius quin (6 e f a r -ther of than t h a t ) ; a bello (keepaloof, take nopart in); ab hoc consilio(not be concerned in).- bsens, p. asadj., absent, in one's absence.abund6, -?ire, -Hvi, -Ltfirus, [tab-undli-, lost adj. st., abounding; cf.abunde, abundan tb] , I . v. n., over-f low.- ig., abozcnd.- ransf. (ofth e place, etc., conta ining t h e thing),de stronf in, be rich in, abound i n .ac, see atqu e.

accBd6, -cGdere, -cess& -cessfirus,[ad-cedo, g o or come], 3. v. n., movetowards, draw near, approach, comeup , come ( to), advance to, advance.-Fig., come to : emis studium (bein-sp i re d i n , cf. discedo).-Esp., be add-ed, wh ere often a n e xplanatory wordis necessary in Eng. :huc accedere, bein addition to t h i s ; huc accedebat ut ,t h t re was also t h i s (disadvantage)th&; so with quod, there was also thefact that , t h e w wa s also the reasonthat , or simply moreover, then again.accelerb, -?ire, -%vi, -stus, [ad-celero, hasten; cf. celer, sw i f t ] , I.v. a. an d n., hasfen.

acceptus, p. p. of accipio.accessus, p. p. of accedo.accida , -cidere, -cidi, n o p. p., [ad-cado], 3. v. n.,fall to ,fall z@on, f i l l .tela gravius (strike).- ig., happen,6efal2, OCCZIY, present itselfi turn out,arise.- ften euphemistically fordea th, defeat, etc. : s i quid Romanis ;gravius a Caesare (be done, severemeasures 6e fahen).accid6, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [ad-caedo], 3. v. a., cut into,part2y rut.acc ipib, -cipere, & pi, -ceptu s, [ad-capio] 3. v. a,, ake, receive: exerci-turn (take command of ). -Less ex-actly, volnus ; incommodum ( s u f e r ,meet with).- Fig.,accejt, learn, hear,get, fake: excusationem ; usus (ac-quire) ; aliquid fama (hear of).-acceptus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj . , ac-ceptable.ac clivis , -e, [ad-clivus, slope(weakened)], adj. , sloping towards,rising, sloping, ascending: collis;aditus.


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acclhitHs 3 adacclivitls, -tatis, [acclivl- + as],

F., sloje ( u p w a r d ), nclination, steep-nessAccb, -6nis, [Celtic], M., one ofthe Senones, who stirred up h ispeople against the Romans.acc om m odltus , p . p. of accom-modo.accommodb, (adc-) -tire, -tivi, -titus,

[accommod6-fitting, or ad-comrnodo],I. v. a., j t on&: insignia ( p u t on,+st). - ccommodltus, -a, -urn,p. p., fit ted, adapted.acc iirltE, [old case-form of accura-tus, done with care], adv., w ith care,carefully.accurrb , -currere, -curri (-cucurri),no p. p. [ad-curro], 3. v. n., r u n to,r u n u p (on foot) , rash u$ (on horse-back), ride up.acciisb, -Hre, -%vi, -titus, [ad-tcauso, assign as a reason or charpe],I . v. a., accuse, blame,find f a u l t w ith .Hcer, -cris, -me, [AC, sharp (cf.acus, needle), -I- is], adj., sharp.-Fig., keen , active, vio lent. See ac riter.acerb5 [acerbus], adv., bitterb.-Fig. (of the mind), feme inopiam( s u f e r srverelyf%om, etc.).acerbitls, -tiitis, [acerbi- f as],F., bittsrness.- oncrete in plur.,suferings (with a change of po int ofview in E ng.).acerbus, -a, -um, [acer (treated asst.) +bus (cf. sup erb us) ], adj., bitter(to the taste).- Fig. (to the mind),bitter, hard to bear, crue2.PcerrimE, supe rl. of lcriter.acervus, -i, [acer (shortened asst.) +vus], M., (pointed?),a heap, apile.

acigs, -8,AC (dzary) +ies (cfmateries)], F., point , sharp edge.edge: oculorum (keen glance, glare).- sp., Line, battle line, ar ra y, a rm y(in battle array, cf. agmen), rank(of an army in se veral ran ks) : acieinstructa depugnare, &ht a pitchedbattle.acquir6, see adquiro.

Hcriter [acri- + er], adv., sharply.- ig., fiercely, vzolently, hotly(of fighting), with sp ir i t : acriterpugnatum est , a jerce batt le wasfo ug ht , there was hotfighting.lctulrius, -a, -urn, [actu-, move-m e n t (A G in ago) +arius], adj.,fastsailin: (provided with both sails an doars).actus, p. p. of ago.acub, -uere, -ui, -Gtus, [acu-, sharp(in acus , needle)], 3. v. a., sharpen.--aciitus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj . ,sharpened, sharp.aciitus, p. p. of acuo.

ad [?I, adv. (in comp.).-Prep.with acc. W ith idea of motion, to ,towards, against.- here the ideaof mo tion is mo re or less obliterated,to, towards, f o r , at, on, agninst, in,near, in regard to.- f time, till,a t , on; ad diem, on the day.-With numerals , about.- sp., de-feme ad, lay bejovee; recepti ad se(among); ad fortunam Caesari de-fui t ( C m a r lacked to complete, etc.) ;contendere ad occupandam ( to, f o r ) ,and often with the gerund or ge.rundive expressing purpose ; adcertum pondus (up to , i.e. of ); admodum (in); commeare ad, visit;ad impedimenta (by); ad auxilium


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adHctue 4 adfIict6(to i v e assistance); ad arbitrium (ac-cording to) ; proficisci ad (for); admum, to a wian;d celeritatem (for,in the wa y of) ; d speciem,for show;ad extremum, a t last, )?zally. - ncomp., to, towards, up to, up agaiirst,in,by, in addition, and the l ike .a. d., see ante .adgctus, p. p. of adigo.

adaequ6, -%e, 4 v i , -Htus, [adae-quo-, make equal; cf. aequus], I .v. a., make equal to : moles moenibus(make as high as).-More com-monly with the verb neuter and th eacc. or dat . depending on the com-bined idea, h o m e equal to, equal:altitudinem muri (reach up t o ) ;cursum (keep tip w i t h ) .ad am 6, -%re, -%vi, &us, [ad-amo, love], I. v. a., take a fa n c y to ,f a l l in love with, covet, becomeattached to.add6 , -dere, -did& -ditus, [ad-do( I an d z ) ] , 3. v. a., give to.-Also,placeto, add (with acc. or ab solutely).addiic6, -dficere, -diixi, -duc tus ,[ad-duco], 3. v. a., lead to, d ra w to ,bring in (of persons), bring, dr awin (towards one), drive, force. -Fig., induc e, drive.adductus, p. p. of adduco.ademptus, p. p. of adimo.ade6, -ire, -ii (-ivi), -itu s, [ad-ea],irr. v. a. a n d n., g o to, v isit , get a t,come to, come u), go to (a place), getin (to a place), advance (some-where), attack, approach (speakwith), accost: with ad, come into thepresence of;

ade6 [ad-e8 ( t h i t h e ~ ) ] ,dv., to thatpoint.- ess exactly, to th a t degree,

so msch so: discesaisse adeo ut (suspeedib that).- Still weaker, inj ac t , a t a l l , exac th .adep tus , p. p. of adipiscor.adequit6, -%re, %vi, no p. p., [ad-equito, ride, cf. eques], I . v. a. andn., ride ufl, ride against, skirmishwith (of cavalry).adfectus, p. p. of adficio.

adfer6 (aff-), -ferre, -tuli, -I%tus,[ad-fero], irr. v. a., bring to, bri9zg:l i t teras.- ig., cause, brins for-w ar d, allege, reflort, announce: or-tuna casus (britrgabout, giv e).adfici6 (aff-), & cere, -fCci, -fec tus ,[ad-facio], 3. v. a., do to, a f e d -With acc and abl . , afec t with, in-f l ic t upoit,pvodrice in, cause to, visitwith,jfll with.- n passive, s u f e r ,receive, be in (a con dition), be aflicte dJy, s u f e r f r o m : eneficio adfectus,haviiig received favors; agno do-lore adfici, 6e.peatly distressed.adfig6 (aff-), -figere, -fixi, -fixus,[ad-figo, j f x , fas te i i ] , 3. v. a., fas tento (by insertion o r the like).adfingo (aff-), -tingere, -finxi, -fic-tus, [ad-fingo], 3. v. a., make up i7zaddition.- E rumors , invent more,add.adfinitas (aff-), -tHtis, [adfini-(close to , f r . finis, boundary) 4- tas],F., nearness.- Esp. of relation bymarriage, relationshzj+ alliance, con-nection.- oncretely, a connection :adfinitatibus coniuncti (marriages).a d fi rm a ti 6 (aff-), -6nis, [adfirma-tio, cf. adfirmo, assert], F., assur-ance.- oncretely, a n assertion.

adfixus (aff-), p. p. of adfigo.a d G c t6 (aff-), -%re,%vi, -Itus, fad-


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adf lc tae 5 adiGtusflicto, cf. adfligo], I. v. a., dashagainst, dash upon, dash to theground. Hence, werthrow, over-wh elm, wreck.

adflictus (aff-), p. p. of adfligo.adf ig6 (aff-), -fligere , -flixi, -flictus,[ad-fligo], 3. v. a., dashupon. Hence ,overthrow, wreck, overturn : avis(shatter, damage) j arbores (throwdown).ad fo re (aff-), se e adsum .adgredior (agg-), -gredi, -gressus,[ad-gradior, step, go], 3. v. dep., gotowards, go to, march against, attack.adgre gb (agg-), -Ire , -%vi, -Itu s,[ad-grego,jock, cf. grex,fEock], I . v.a., un it e i n a jock ,ga the r : s e (gatheraround, j o c k to); e ad amici t iam(attach one's s et fto ).adha ere $ -haerEre, -haesi, -hae-sfirus, [ad-haereo], 2. v. n., stick (to),cling (to), get caught (in).adhaergscij, -ere, [ad-haeresco], 3.v. n., sa m e m ean ing as adhaereo.adhibea, -Ere, -UT, -itus, [ad-ha-beo], 2. v. a., havc in. Hence, calZin, admit , br ing with (one).- ig.,employ, use.adh ib i tus , p. p. of adhibeo.adho rto r, -Zri, I t u s , [ad-hortor],I. v. dep., encourage, address, urge,raZZy (soldiers).ad hi ic [ad-huc, hither] , adv., hth-erto (of place).- f time, up o thist ime, tilZ now, to this day.adiaceb, -iacEre, -iacui, no p. p.,[ad-iaceo], 2. v. n., lie Bear, borderon, be adjacertt.

Adia tunnus , 4, [Celtic], M., chiefof the Sotiates.ad ic i6 (adiic-), -icere, %xi,-iectus,

[ad-iacio], 3. v. a., throw to, hurl,j i n g : telum adici (be throw n to, i.e.reach); aggerem (throw u p).- Fig.,j o in to, add: adiecta planities (w i ththe addition of ). .adigb, -igere, 4gi , -8ctus, [ad-ago],3. v. a., drive to, drive up (of cattle,etc.).- ess exactly, drive in , drivehome ( o f piles), move up (of towers),

shoot (of weapons).- ig., force,bind (by oath.)ad im b, -imere, -Emi, -Zmptus, [ad-emo, take] , 3. v. a., take away (theaction being looked upon as done

t o somebody, usually in the dat.).- ig., destroy, cu t of, spem; pro-spectum (intercept,cut of).adip iscor, -ipisci, -ep tus, [ad-apis-cor, lay hold of 1, 3. v. dep., obtain,secure: victoriam ( w i n ,gain) .a d i tu s , -fis, [ad-itus, cf. adeo, goto] , M., approach, arrival, coming,access: defugere (contact, inter-course).- Concretely, a n avenue (ofapproach), acceJs (excuse for ap-proaching), admission, means of ap-proach, means of access, way cyapproach, approach (in militarysense) ; sermonis (occasion o r inter-cmrse); ad uxorem (intercourse).adiec tu s , p. p. of adicio.

ad iiid iclt us , p. p. of adiudico.adiiidicb, -Zre, -Zvi, -Itus, [ad-iudico, cf. iudex, j udge] , I. v. a., ad-judg e, assign (by deliberation).ad iungb , -iungere, -ifinxi, -ifinctus,[ad-iungo], 3. v. a . , jo in to, unite to ,attach, unite wifh.

ad iiito r, -t6ris, [ad-tiutor, cf. ad iu -vo, he&] , M., he&er, assistant,abettor,adiii tus, p. p. of adiuvo.


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adiuv6 6 adquIrdadiuvi5, -iuvare, -itivi, -ifitus, [ad-iuvo, h e l p ] , I. v. a., assist, he& he&

on, be of advantage, be an assistanceto; d spem (encourage).adliitus (all-), p. p. of adfero.ad licib (all-), -licere, -lex&-lectus,[ad-lacio], 3. v. a,, a l h r e to , invzte ,tnt ice , attract.adm atu rb , - i re , -%vi,-Ltus, [ad-ma-turo, f r . maturus, ear ly ] , I . v. a.,hasten : efectionem (br ing to a headmore guickly).ad m in ist er , -tri, [ad-minister, ser-vant], M., ervant, m inister: ad sac-rificia (priest. ceLebrant).administ rb , -%re, Pvi, -?itus, [ad-ministro, serve], I. v. a., carry intoexecution, pe yf or m , execute, ca rryout , carry on (war), attend to (du-ties): imperia (give , carry out theduties of a commander).admirii tus, p. p. of admiror .ad m iro r, -%ri, -Htus, [ad-miror,wonder], I . v. dep., be surprised,wonder at , admire.- dmirandus ,-a, -urn, as adj., suvprising.-admi -rx tus , -a, -um, p. p. in pres. sense,aeinz surprised, w ondering.adm issus , p. p. of admi t to .admittb, -mittere, -misi , -missus,[ad-rnitto], 3. v. a., ( f e t g o o ), Zetgo:admisso equo, a t f z d Z sped.- ig.,allbw (cf. corn- an d pe r-m itto) : n sefacinus ( c o m m i t a crime); dedecusAlso pass. wi t hou t in se, be com-m itted.admodum [ad-modum, measure,Zimit], adv., to a degree. Hence,very, very muc h,great&, exceeding&,EO (very) much.

(permit to be imrrrred, incnr).-

admone6, -Ere, -ui, -itus, [ad-mo-neo], 2. v. a., w ar n, urge.adolSsc6, -olEscere, -oltvi, -ultus,[ad-olesco, g r m ] , 3. v. n., grow up(to maturity), mature. See alsoadulescens.adorior, -oriri, -ortus, [ad-onor],4. v. dep. , (rise up against), attack,assail.

adortus, -a, -urn, p. p. of adorior.adparb (app-) , - i re , -%vi, - i tus ,[ad-paro, make ready, cf. pareo, beon h a n d ] , . v. a. and n., prepare, getready, make prefaration s.ad pe llb (ap p-), -pellere, -puli, -pul-sus , [ad-pello, drive], 3. v . a. a n d n.,l a n d (ships), bring to land.adpetb (app-), -petere, -petivi,-petitus, [ad-peto, aim a t ] , 3. v. a.a n d n., seek to ga in, desire, a im at.-Abs., approach.adplicb (app-), -plic%re, Hvi (-ni),-plicHtus (-plicitus), [ad-plico, f o l d ] ,I . v. a., (bend towards). With re-flex., lean against.ad po rtli (app-), -?ire, -%vi, -i tu s,[ad-porto, c a rry ] , I . v. a,, bring in,bring (to some place).adprobb (app-) , - i re , -Zvi, - i t u s ,[ad-probo, esteem good, cf. probus,g o o d ] , I . v . a . , approve of; agree wi th(an opinion o r action).adpropinqub (app-) , -ire, -Pvi,no p. p., [ad-propinquo, cf. propin-quus , n e a r] , I . v . n., approach, comenearer, come near.

adpulsus (app-), p. p. of adpello.adquirb (acq-), -quirere, -quisivi,-quisitus, [ad-quaero, seek], 3. v. a.(get in add&n), acquire: aliquid(g a in some advantage).


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7-aa m p i 8 7 advert6adripi6 (a m ), - r ipere, - ripui, - r e ptus, [ad-rapio], 3. v. a., snatch u$,seize.adroganter (arr-), [adrogant- (st.of p. of adrogo, assume)4- ter], adv.,with presum ption,presumin&, withinsolence.adrogantia (arr-), -ae, [adrogant-(see preceding) f a], F., insolence,

insolent conduct, pre sum ptio n.adscend6, see ascendo.adsclnsus , see ascensus.adscisc6 (asc-), -sciscere, -scivi,-scitus, [ad-scisco, approve, fr. scio],3. v. a,, attach (by formal decree).-Less exactly, atfach to (ones self),unite with (ones self).adsiduus (ass-), -a, -urn, [ad-tsiduus (SED in sedeo, sit) +uus],adj., (sitting by ), constant, continued,incessant.ad si st 6 (ass-), -&ere, -stiti, nop. p., [ad-sisto, pZace (ones self)],3. v. n., stand by, attend, assist: inconspectu pa tris (appear).adspectus (asp-), -Gs, [ad-tspec-tus, cf. adspicio, Zoo& a t ] , M., aZooRing at.- ransf., a n appearance,aspect.adsu l fac ia (ass-), -facere, -feci,fact us , [tadeue- (cf. suesco, becomeaccustomed) -facio, make], 3. v. a,,accustom, train.- Pass., be accus-tomed.adsulfactus (ass-), -a, -um, p. p.of adsuefacio.adsueace (ass-), -sutscere, -suEvi,-suetus, [ad-suesco, become a c c w -tomed], 3. v. a. and n., accustom, be-come acczutomed, become wonted (o fanimals).

adsuetus (ass-), -a, -urn, p. p. ofadsuesco.adsum, -esse, -fui, -futfirus, [ad-sum], irr. v. n., be near, be by, bepresent, be at hand, be there, ap-pear .Aduatu ca, -ae [Celtic, a ortress 11,F., a fortress of the Eb uron es (prob.Tongres), near the Meuse.

Adua tuci, &urn [Celtic], M., pl.,a ribe of th e Belga: (originally Ger.man s) living on the w est bank of theMeuse (later, Tongri ) .adul6scEns (adol-), -en& [p. ofadolesco, grow up], adj., young.-A s noun, a youth, yo2mg man.-W ith proper names, theyounger (Jr.,to distinguish one from his fathe r).adu l lscen t ia (adol-), -ae, [adules-cent- +a], F.,youth.adullscentulus (adol-), -i, [aduleecent- 4- ulus, dim . end.], M. often a sadj.), a mere b y , very yomg.adventus , -Cis, [ad-tventus, cf.advenio, come to] , M., a coming,ar riva l, approach.advers l r ius , -a, -urn, [adversi-(reduced) 4- arius], adj., (turnedtowards), opposed. - A s noun, oppenent, adversary, oe , enemy.adversus, p. p. of adverto, in va-rious uses.adversus, prep. with acc., see ad-verto.advertij, -vertere, -verti, -versus,[ad-verto], 3. v. a., turn towards:animum (turn the attention, notice,see animadverto) , turn against ,t u r n (to anything). -adv ersu s, -a,-um , p. p. a s adj., in ront, opposed,opposite, in opaposition. adverse, un-


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advoc6 a aestivusfavorable, in the face of: proelium(unsuccessful) ; hostibus adversus oc-currebant (rigilt against, in theirfront) ; in adversum os, r i ~ h t nthe face; flumine (z@, cf. secunao) ;res adversae, adversity, want ofsuccess.- dversus [petrified asadv., cf. versus], prep. with acc.,against.

advocij, -%re,%vi, -% tus, ad-voco],I . v. a., cal l ( to one), s u m m o n .adval6, -%re, 4 v i , -8tfirus, [ad-volo], I . v. n.,fly to , flyat.- essexactly, of cavalry, rush at, $y at,chai-ge upon.aedificium, -i, [taedific- (cf. aedi-fico) + ium], N., 6iiilding.- sp.buildings s ta n di ng singly, oppo sedto villages,farm houses.aedificij, -%re, %vi, -Stus, [faedific-(aedes, house, FA C in facio)], I . v.a., bziild (of houses). - ess ex-actly, of ships.a eg er, - gra, g u m , [?I, adj., sick,disabled.aegerrims, superl. of aegre.aegre [old case-form of aeger],adv.,/eebZy. Hence, with dificulty,kuru@, scarce@ , [email protected], 4, [?], M., (Lucius), aGaul, a subaltern in Caesars Galliccavalry. Probably nam ed from som eRom an Aemilius from whom he hadreceived the citizenship.aequiiliter [aequali- (fr. aequus,men) -k ter], adv., evert@,u n i f r m b .aequinoct ium, -i, [as if aequinoct-,indirectly fr. aequo-, equal, nox(n i sh t ) +um], N., the time of theequinox, the equinox.aequitiis, -t;tis, [dequi$ (even,

eqz


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aes tu l r ius 9 iiliiriusaes tuar ius , -a, -um, [aestu- (cf. agg- (except agge r), see adg-.aes tus , tide) +arius], adj., (relat- a g i ta , -%re, -Hvi, -Stus, [agi t&

ing to the fid e).- nly in neut., a s (freq. of ago , p u t in motion)], I . v.noun, creek, estuary, m arsh. 'aestus, -tfis, [AID (in aedes,hearth) 4- tus], M., heat (plur. insam e sense). Hence, boiling, M e .aetls, - t i i t is, [for aevitas, fr .aevo- (st. of aevum, age) +tas], F.,age (of old o r young) : ae ta te confec-tus , oppressed w ith years.

a., dr ive , chase. Hence, vex, trouble.-Fig., t u r n m e r (in mind),propose,discuss,purpose.agmen, -minis, [A G (in ago, putin motion) +men], N., a moving, amarch.- oncretely (of bodies inmotion), a body in motion, a column,a n a r m y , a litze ( o f troops in m arch),ae te rnus , -a, -urn, [aevo- (st. of a rain, a Jeet. - ess exactly, a naevum, age) 4- ternus], adj., (relat- army (not in march). Phrases :

ing to age), eternal, lasting. primum (the van ) ;novissimum (therear) ; claudere (bring up the rear ) ;conferto agm ine, in close order; ag-aff-, see adf-.Africus, -a, -urn, [Afro- (st . of Afer,Ajr ican) -I- us], adj., of Ajrica.- sp., sc. ventus, the S.W; wi n d(blowing from Africa t o Italy).Hfuisse, Hfutiirus, see absu m .AgEdincum, -i, [Celtic], N., chieftown of the Senones, on the Y on ne ;now Sens.ager, agri, [A G i n a g o (drive?)

mine, on the march; agmen legi-onum ( the main co lumn); extremoagmine, in the rear.ag8, agere, Bgi, Hctus, [AG, putin motion],3. v. a., drive (apparentlyfrom behind, cf. duco, l e a d ):sub-licas (drive down) ; vineas, tunes,etc. (set in motion, move on,

IUS, akin to Eng. acre], M., and advance) ; cuniculos ( e x t e n d ) ; acportare (of live stock as booty, driveof). -Loosely, do (cf. "carry on "),act, trea t, discuss, plead.- hrases :conventurn (h o l d ); grat ias (render,giv e, express, cf. habere an d referre) :quid ag it, what is one about?; quidagitur, w hat is going on ?; de obses-sione agere (do anything about, en-gage in).

(cultivated), je ld s , country (opposedto city), territory (country), culti-vated lands, j e l d s (as opposed towoods).agger, -eris, [ad-ger (for GES ingero, as st.], M., thatw hich scarried

to a place ), earth (for a wall), eartho j a wall , a ntound of e a r f h ,a wall ,a rampart , a mole, a dike (either th eregular earthwork of the Ro ma ns agricult i ira, see cultura.for an entrenched camp or l ine of ala ce r, -cris, -cre, [ ? I , adj., active,circumvallation, o r th e d ike of ap- eager, spirited.proach, a lo n g sloping m oun d lead- a la c ri tl s, -tLtis, [alacri- (eager)4-ing up to the height of the walls) : tas], F., eagerness, readiness, spirit,cotidianus (da ily addition to the dike prom$tness.or walls). l l lr ius, -a, -urn, [alsri- (st. of


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albus 10 aliueala, wing , +ris) +ius], adj. @e-longing o the wings) . Hence, of theallies (who held the wings of th earmy).- . plur. as noun, allzes,auxiliaries.albus, -a, -um, [I, f. Alpes], adj.,white (pale, opp. t o ater, cf. candi-dus, shining white , opp. to niger) :plumbum album, tin.

alces, -is, [Teutonic, cf. elk] , F.,the elk (a large beast of the deerkind , resembling th e moose).Alesia, -ae, [Gallic], F., a city ofthe Mandubii, west of Dijon ; nowAlise Ste. heine.alifis [unc. case-form of alius,but cf. foras], adv., elsewhere.- ft ime,atanothertime : lias .. alias,now ... ow (cf. alius . . . lius).alienfitus, p. p. of alieno.alignti, -Ere, -Ivi , -Itus, [alien&,anothers], I . v. a., make anothers.- lso, make strange, alienate, es-trange : lienata mente, in a frenz y.alienus, -a, -urn, [unc. st. ak in t oalius, other, (prob. imitated fromverb-stems of 2d conj.) +nus],adj., anothers, of others, otherpeo-ples: fines (others); aes (debt).Hence, strange, fo re ig n , uitfavorable(cf. suus), ore ign to the purpose.-Superl., M . plur. a s noun, perfectstrangers.alib [old case-form of alius], adv.,elsewhither, elsewhere (of end ofmotion),aliquamdiii [aliquarn-diu, cf.quam diu], adv., f o ~ ome time,some time, a considerable time.aliquandti [ali- (in alius, other)-quando, w h e n ] , at some time.-

Emphatical ly, a t Zast (at Jome time,though not before).aliquantb, see aliquantus.aliquantus, -a, -urn, [ali- (in alius,other) -quantus, hozu great (cf. ali-quis)], adj., coas2derable.- N e u t ,a s noun, a good deal, a conszdera(1epart.-aliquantti (as abl. of m e a s -ure), by conszderable, conszdtrabb, n

good deal.aliquis (-qui), -qua, -quid ( -quod) ,[ali- (in alius, other) -quis, a n y ] , in .def. prom (more forcible than quis ;no t universal, like quisquam), some,any.- mph., some (considerable),any (important). - A s noun, someone, any one, something, anything.aliquot [ali- (in alius, other) -quo&how many], indecl. adj., several,some (more than one, but not con-ceived a s m any).aliter [ali- (in alius, other)+ er],adv., otherwise, dferently.- ftenrendered by a noun or adjective im-plied in th e conte xt, aliter se habereac, be d i fe ren t f r o m what , etc.; necaliter sentire quin, have noothtr ideabut that.alius, -a, -ud, [unc. root (cf. else)+ ius], adj. pron., another (any one,not all), other, d ifferent, else, another(of the second of three or more).-Repe ated (either in sepa rate clausesor in same), one . I . another, oneanother, one one (thing), anotheranother: alius alia causa illata, a bZepng dferent reasons; alius exalio ( f r o m d f e r en t , etc., one fromone, another f r o m another).- sp.in a partitive use, ex aliis (withsuperl., most of all others, cf. u the


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all- I 1 Ambivaritifairest of her daughters, Eve");alius atque (see atque).all-, see ad l-.Allobroges, -um, [Celtic], M. plur.,a Celtic people (of Gaul), living be-tween, the Rhone, the Isere, theLake of Geneva, and the Alps (inDauphiny a n d Savoy) . They wereconquered in B.c. 121 by FabiusMaximus.a16, alere, alui,altus, [AL, nourish],3. v. a., cause to gro w, feed, nurse,support (supply with food), foster,raise, Keep (of animals) : staturam(increase).- ig .foster,foment,feed.AlpCs, -ium, [Celtic form, (cf.a lbus) +is], F. pl., the Al'ps, moreor less loosely used of the w holemass of mountains between Italy(Cisalpine Gaul), Gaul, and Ger-many.al ter , era , -erum, [AL- (in alius,other) + er (for -terus, compar.suffix)],ad j. pro"., theother (of two).-In plur. , the other p a r v .- e-peated (cf. alius), one the other, oneanother (of two), one . . . he other.-In plur. , o n e p a r t y .. . he other.-Also, the second (of more thantwo), another (the second of three) :dies (the secon d).- Also (esp. withnegatives), another (beside one'sself, where all are conceived as tw oparties, one's self and all the rest).a l ternue, -a, -urn, [alter- (as st.)4-nus], adj., alternate, rectjb-ocal,mutual, alternating.

altitiidb, -inis, [altli- ( h 2 h ) +tudo], F., height, depth (cf. altus),thickness (of a timber).altus, -a, -um, [p. p. of alo ( n o w -

i sh) , as adj.] (g ro w n h&h ay n o w -i dz ing) ,hzgh. - From opposite point'of view, deep.- Neut., as noun, thesea, the deep : n alto, in deep wa ter ;ex alto,fYom the spa.aliita, -ae, [? cf. alume n, a l u m ] ,F., leather (of a fine sort, like mo-rocco I).amb - [akin to ambo, both], prep.only in comp., about, Yound a b o b .ambactus , -i, [prob. German], M.,a retainer, a vassal.Ambarri, -arum, [Celtic], plur. ofadj., a tribe of Gaul, on th e Sa6n e.Th ey seem to have been clients ofthe Haedui, and are called Ha eduiAmbarri.AmbiPni, -8rum, [Celtic], M. lur.of adj . , a Belgian tribe, whose chieftown, Samarobriva, is now calledfrom their name, Amiens.Ambibarii, -arum, [Celtic], M.plur. of ad j , a n Aremo rican tribeliv-i n g i n a part of Normandy.

Ambiliiiti, -arum, [Celtic], M.plur. of adj., a tribe on , the Somme(possibly par t of th e preceding).Ambiorix, -igis, [Celtic], M., anable prince of the Eburones. H ecaused a revolt of his nation againstC c s a r, which was p artially success-ful, and came n ear being entirelyso. H e caused Caesar uneasinessfor several years, an d eluded everyeffort t o capture him.Ambivareti (Ambila-) , -arum,[Celtic], M. plur. of adj., a Gallictribe, dependents of the Haedui.

Ambivariti , -arum, [Celtic], M.plur. of adj., a Belgic tribe on thewwt bank of the Meuse.


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ambi3 I 2 BnfrHctusambB, -ae, -6 @rum), [akin toa m b , roundabout] , num. adj ., both

(together, cf. uterque, both s e a - cornuum ( spread) .amplitiid8, -inis, [amp% (Zwge)-b tudo], F., size, extent, greatness:

rate&).BmBns, -entis, [ab-mens], adj.(havitzg the niiizd away),mad, crazy.Hmentia, -ae, [ament- ( m a d ) +ia], F., niadrress,Jrenzy, (mad) fo l ly .Bmentum, 4, [? unc. root +men-tum], N., a fhozg (attached to ajavelin, and wound around it togive it a twisting m otion in throwing ,a s with rifle balls).amicit ia, -ae, [ami& ( f i i e t t d l y )4- tia], F., f r iendship,frieridly r e h -fions,alliance.- pp. to hospit ium,personal frie zdship.am icus , -a, -um , [unc. st. fr. AM(in amo, love) 4- cus], adj. , frzend&,w ell disposed: praesidium (devoted).- A s noun, M., a f r i e d , af t a&.Hmissus, p. p. of amitto.Hmittb, -mittere, -misi, -missus,[ab-mitto], 3. v. a., l e t g o (away), letslz), let pass. Hence, lose (esp. ofmilitary losses).

amor, -6ris, [A M ( in amo, love) 4-or (for OS)],M., love, oyection.' am plc [old case-form of am plus],adv., widely, largely.- mpl ius ,compar., fa rth er , more, longer: am-plius quingenti, j v e hu7idred ana'more; ne quis, . .. amplius (mym o r e ) ; amplius obsidum (see am-plus) ; munera amplissime missa(gefzerousgzyts).

ampl i f ic l tus , p. p. of amplifico.amplific6, 4re, -%vi, -Htus, [am-plific6-, (amp& ) with FAC, make] ,I . v. a., increase, enlarge, extend,hezghten.

.~am plu s, -a, -um, [?, perh. amb-(aboztt) +s t . akin to plus, pleuus],ad j . Of size and extent , l i t andfig., large, wide,great.- sp . ,promi-n e a t , o j com epe nce , splemfid, noble,distinguished: munera ( lavish, valzr-able) ; dimissis amplioribus copiis(the greater part of). - mpl ius ,neu t. comp. as noun (cf. plus), more ,a greater m m b e r : amplius obsidum.a n , [?I, conj. introdu cing th e sec-ond member of a double question,OY, or rather.-Often with the firstmember only implied, o r : quid ve-nirent, a n speculandi causa ((or)was

AnartEs, -inm, [?I,M. plur., a peo-ple in Dacia (TransyCvanm), on ther iver Theiss , a t the eastern e nd ofthe Hercynian forest.Ancalites, -um, [Celtic], 'M. lur.,a nation of Britain.anceps, -cipitis, [amb-, about, ca-put, h e a d ] , adj., ( h a v i t i ~ head o nboth sides), dozrble-headed.- essexactly, twofold, doidle: proelium (onboth fronts, of an army facing intwo ways).

ancora, -ae, [Gr.], F., anchor: inancoris, a t airchor.AndEs, -;urn, [Celtic], M . plur., atribe of Ga ul nor th of the Loire, i nmodern Aizjozc.Andi, -arum, t he ' sam e as theAndes.Andocombogius, -i, [Celticl, M.,a chief man of the Remi.Hnfr lc tus ( lmf-) , -as, [am(b)-,

it).


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angulus 13 annust f rac tus , f r . FRAG in frango , break)] , AN, blow) +mus], M., breath., life,M., a bending round. Hence, a soul (vital). -Us ually (th e abovew indi ng , a circuit, a deviation (from meanings being appropriated toa stra igh t l ine). anima, wh. see) , s ou l (as thinking,angu lus , -i, [prob. ancli- (st. of feeling), prrind, feelings, fe ef i ng , in-ancus, bent) + Ius], M., (a little telfect (but cf. mens), spirit: effemi-hook), a comer . , nare; levitas animi (disposifion,an gu st6 [old case-form of angu s-tus], adv., harrow&, in narrow quar-ters (closely).- ig., sparinglj, (cf.ample) , in s m a l l guantily.angustiae, -Zrum, [angustb (nay-row) + ia], F. plur., narrowness(prop. concrete, narrows) ; tinerum(a narrow pass) ; propter angustias( n a r r m n e s s of the passage).- ig.,straits (difficult position, etc.), hardstunits, df l cu l t i e s : angnstiis premi,to be hardpushed.angus tus , -a, -um, [angor (sgueea-i.g) 4- tus], adj., narrow, con-f ined: angustiora c as tra (less exten-sive) ; angustiore fastigio (nayrow-ing, sloping, drawing in).- ig., inangusto res est , thepos ition is critical(c f . i na t k h t p l a c e ) .anima, -ae, [ani- (treated as root,fr. A N , blow) +m a (F. of mus), cf.animus], F., breath. Hence, soul.-Plur., the soul (of man, abstractly).an im ad ve rt6 , -vertere, -verti, -ver-sus, (also animum adverto) , [ani-mum adverto], 3. v. a., turn theto, attend to : in aliquem (puni+, cf.the domest ic at tend to ).-Lessexactly, observe, notice, learn .animal, -Hlis, [anima- +lis, N.of adj.], N., (a creature en dow edw ithZife), an an i m a l (including man ), afiving creature (opp. to booty).an imus , -i, [ani- (st. as root , f r .

nature, or together, w a n t o j con-stancy) ; animus relinquit aliquem,oneJi ints , Zoses consciousness; animimollitia, w a n t of energy o r endur-ance; animo paratus, resolute; ani-mum advertere (see anim adv erto) .-Esp. (in a good sen se, often in plur.),spirit, constancy, courage, resolution:confirmare (encourage a n y one) ; e-languescere; promptus ; paratus adaliquid.- lso (as opp. to mens,wh. see), the moral powers, will,desires, afjections,etc., the heart, thef e e f i q s , h e Hispositioon: ono animoesse, be well disposed, be o j goodcheer; esse in animo alicui, to havein mind, a s a purpose; offendere oravertere ( f ee f ings );magni animi, ofgreat am bition.- lso, anim us mag-nus, courage, magnanimity, Zofvspirit; animi m agnitudo, lofly sp i r i t ;permulcere (angry spirit); mentesanimosque perturbare (minds , asthinking, and hearts, as feeling,etc.) ; nimi virtus, noblenessofsoul;animi causa, f o r pleasure, f o r amuse-ment ,for anc y .anniitinus, -a, -urn, [some formof ann& ( y e a r ) -I- tin u s (cf. diuti-nus)], adj., last years, old (of shipsma de the y ear before).

annus , -i, [?I, M., a year (as apoint of time, a s th e course of theyear, o r as a period).


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annuus 14 appellcSannuus, -a, -um, [ann& ( y e a r ) +us], adj., annua l : m agis tratus crea-

tu r (annually).Ins er , -ens, [for haneer, ak in togoose], M., a goose.a n t e [old case-form], adv., hefore(of place and time), i n front: antedictum (above, before, previous&) ;ante habuerat (form er& , once) ; amante, already bejore, already; au-cis an te diebus, a few da ys before.-Prep. with acc., before (of place ortime) : an te semi t t i t ( in advanceof ).- I n date s, ant e diem (a. d.) (onsuch a day before) . - In comp., be-f o r e (of place, time, an d succession).a n t e 5 [ante e%, case-form of is],adv. (of time), before, previous&,once.ante ced b, -cEdere, -cessi, -cessus,[ante-cedo], 3. v. n. and a. ( f r . forceof prep.), g o fo rw ar d, advance, sur-pass (in size, etc.), exceed, precede,g o in advance of.

antecursor, -6ris, [ante-cursor,rnnner] , M . (a fo rerunner) .- sp.of the army, a scout, pioneer.an tefer6 , -ferre, -tuli, - E t u s , [ante-fero], irr. v. a., place in advance,prefer.- Pass., be preferred, be the

$rst, have the supe riority.ante m na, -ae, [?I, F., a y a r d (forsails).antephb, -p6nere, -posui , -posi-tus, [ante-pono], 3 . v. a., (p lace inadvance, cf. an tefe ro), th ink of mortimportance.an te ve rt6, -vertere, -verti, -versus,[ante-verto], 3. v. a., (turn i n front,

cf. antepono), prefer.an tiq ui tu s [antiquli- 4- tus], adv.,

from ancient times,from ear& times.-Less exactly, long ago, in ear@times, anciently.an tiqu us , -a, -um, [anti- (cf. ante)+cus], adj., old(existing from earlyt imes ,no t so much in reference topresent age as to former origin, cf.vetus) , ancient.Antis t ius , -i, [antisti- (antistea,overseer) 4- i n s ] , M., a Roman gen-tile name.- sp., Gaius AntistiusReginus, a le g a tu s of Caesar.Antonius, -i, [?I, M., a Romanfamily name. - sp.: I . Marcus,Mark Antony, the famous tr ium-vir, a legatu s of Catsar in G au l;also 2, his brother, Gaius, a legatusof Czsar.Ap., fo r Ap pius.ap eria , -perire, -perui, -pertus, [ab-pario, get of, cf. operio, cover], 4.v. a., uncover, open.- per tus , -a,-um, p. p. as adj., open, exposed,uncovered, unobstructed, unprotected :la tus (the rzght side, not covered bythe shield) ; collis (without trees) ;loca (open country) ; mpetus maris(un6roken).ap er te [old case-form of ap er tu s],adv., openly.Apoll6, -inis, [?I, M., the son ofJupiter and L ato na and twin brotherof D iana , god of th e sun, of divin a-tion, of po etry a nd music, and presi-de nt of the Muses. H e was alsogod of archery, of pestilence, and,o n the other hand , of h ealing. H eis identified by C aesar with so m eCeltic divinity.

appar6, see adparo.I . appell6, see adpello.


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appelI6 I5 Aremorfcus2. app e ll6 (adp-), -are, -Hvi, -%us,[tad-pellti-, cf. compello], I. v. a.,

ca22, name, address, caN upon, s9Ze(declare one something or addressi n a certain c haracter).app-, see adp-.Appius, -i, [F , a Sabine word?],Apr., fo r Aprilis.Aprilis, -e, [prob. akin to aperio,open], (the month which opens the

ground), adj., of Apr i l .ap tu s, -a, -um, [A P (in apiscor,lay hoZd 6) us], adj. , ( f i t tedto) ,suitr d, adapted,j t , apt .apud [akin to ab], prep. withacc., at, among, wi th , before, on onespart, ie relation to (a person); inones house (company, possession).aqua, -ae, [?I, F., water, a water-course: aqua at qu e igni interdicere(a form of banishment among theRomans) ;mensurae ex aqua, by thewater-clock (a contrivance like anhour-glass for telling time by therunning of water).aq uiit i6, &is, [a@- (st. ofaquor, fetch water) +tio], F., get-t ikg water (cf. pab ulatio ).aqui la , -ae, [F. of aquilus, darkg r a y , perh. remotely akin to aqua],F., an eagle.- sp., the staiidard ofthe Romans, consisting of a n eagleon a staff.AquilBia, -ae, [Aquila- -k eius], F.,a city of Cisalpine Gaul (Venetia),found ed by a Rom an colony in B.c.182 s an outpost on the nor theast .aq uil ife r, -eri, [aquila-fer (reducedfr. -ferus, FER (in fero, bear) +us)],M.,a standard bearer (of the eagle).

M.,a Roman p rznomen .

Aquit inia, -ae, [F. of adj. devel-oped fr . Aquitanus], F., t he par tof Gaul between the Province, thePyrenees, the Garonne, and theocean (see I. I).

Aqui t lnus , - a , -urn, [?I, adj., ofAguitania.- lur., as noun, thepeople of Aguiiania.- Sing., a manof Aguitania, an Aguitanian.

Arar, -aris, [?I, M., the SaBne, ariver of Gaul rising in the Vosgesand flowing into the Rhon e a t Lyons.arbiter, -tri, [ad-bit0 (go)+ trus,cf. -trum], hi., (a bystander), a w i t -n e w - Less exactly, a referee, nnarbitrator.arb i t r ium, 4, [arbi t rb (umpire,judge) +ium (cf. iudicium)], N . ,judgm ent, w il l , pZeasure (what onesees fit to do).arbitror, -Hri, -atus, [arbitra-, um-p i r e , j u d g e ] , I . v. a. and n. , think,suppose (judge).arbor, -oris, [?I, F., a h-ee.

arcess6, -sere, -sivi, -situs, [akinto accedo, b u t t he exa ct relation un-certain], 3. v. a., summon, ifzvite,sendfor (persons), ca22 in : liquemmercede (caZlin to serve for p a y ) .ir d e 6 , LrdEre, Brsi, Hrsus, [p rob .arid&, d r y ] , 2. v. n., be hot, beonjire- ig., be excited, be in a blaxe,burn.Arduenna, -ae, [?I, F., the Arden-nes (a very large forest region innortheastern Gaul).arduus, -a, -um, [?I, adj., h&h,steep, dij7cult (of ascent).Arecomici, -6rum, [1 3 , M. plur.,a branch of th e Volcae.Aremoricus (Arm-), -a, -urn,[Celtic.are, near, a n d mor, the sea],


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argentum 16 Bfxadj., only F. plur., Aremorican (ofthe sta tes of Gaul nea r th e ocean inNorm andy and Brittany).a rgen tum, -i, [akin to arguo,make bright] ,N., (the shifziug meLtd),silver. Also, of things made of th emetal, silverware, silver.arg il la, -ae, [dim. ak in to arguo,muke bright, F., (wkite clay)], clay :fusilis (some vitrifying earth, suchas porcelain is made of).I r idus , a-, -um, [tar& (wh. areo,be d9-y) f dus], adj., dry.-Neut.as noun , dry lund .aries, -ietis, [?I, M., a r am.- ig.,a battering mni (a long t imberarmed a t th e end with metal for de-molishing walls).- ess exactly, abuttyess (piles driven down in astream to brace a bridge).Ariovistus, -i, E?], M., a chief ofthe Germans, called in by th e Ga ulsin their dom estic quarre ls, who con-quered a n d ruled them until he washimself crushed by th e Rom ans.Arist ius, 4, ?I,M., a Rom an gen-tile nam e.- sp., Marcus,a tribuneof the soldiers in Cz sars army.arma, -6rum, [AR, it (cf. arm us,tke shou lderjoint) +mus], N. plur.,arms, equipment: armis ius exsequi(byforce ofarms); in armis esse, t obe under arms, to be re a& fo r ser-vice, to be i i z swvic6; pa rati in armis,armedf o y w a r ; ab armis discedere,to abandon hostilities; in armis, inbattle; rmis congressi (in buttle),and the like.arm timen ta, -6rum, [arm& (st. ofarmo) 4- mentum], N. plur., imple-m t n f s .- sp., rigging, tacklt.

armZtiira, -ae, [arm& (st. ofarmo) +tura], F., equ i jmen t : levisarmaturae Numidae (&ht n m i e d ,without the heavy defensive armorof the legionary).a r m l t u s , -a, -um, p. p of armo.a r m & & e, -%vi,-Htus, [arm& (st.of arma)], I. v. a., equip, arm.-Pass., arm (ones self). -ar m titu s,-a, -um, p. p. a s adj. , armed, i tz a r m s ,equipped.ArpinEius, 4, [Arpin& (st. ofAr p i n u m ) + eius], M., a Romangentile name. - sp., Gaius, aRoman knight in Crcsars army,possibly of Ga llic origin, of a familyenfranchised by Marius, who camefrom Arpinum.arr-, see adr-.ars, artis, [AR V;t) + t is (re-duced)], F., (skill in jtting), skill,art.- lur., the ayts, tke usejul ar t s .artE [old case-form of artus], adv.,close&, tight@.

articulus, -i, [artu- (joint)+ cu-lus], M., a l i t t lejoint.- Le ss exactly,a joiizt.a r t a c i u m , -i, artific- (ari@~er)+ium], N., a skilful contrivttnce, anar t i j ce , a trick. Also, a trade (opp.to ars, a h$er art).ar tu s, -a, -um, [p. p. of arceo (shutu p ) ] , as ad j . , tigktly bourrd, close:silva (thic4).Am ernus, -a,-urn, [Celtic], adj., ofthe Arvern i (a powerful Gallic tribewest of the Cevennes in modernAuvergne). - . plur., t / / e A m e r n i .arx, arcis, [ A R C (in arceo, shut.p),+is (reduced)],F., a stronghold,afortress, a citadrl.


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ascend 6 (ads-), -scendere, -scendi,-scEnsus, [ad-scando, climb], 3. v. a.a n d n., climb up,climb, ascend: val-lum (mount,cale).ascensus (ads-), -iis [ad-tscansus,cf. ascendo], M., a climbirtg up,aiz ascent, a goirzg up.-Concr., aw ay zip, a meaics of ascent: prohibereascensu ( f rom climbihg up ).asciscb, see adscisco.aspectus, see adspectus.asper, -era, -erum, [ ? I , adj., rough,harsh.- ig., fierce, violent.ass-, see ads-.at [prob. form of ad], conj., but,butye t , a t least.a t q u e (ac), [ad-que], conj., a n d(generally introducing some moreimportant idea), and even, a n d es-pecially.- lso,as, than : ar atque,idem atque, the same as,; simul atque,as soon as ; similis atque, just ZiRe;aliter ac, otherwise thaiz, d f e r e n tfrom what, etc. ;aliud atque, d f e r -cnt frmn, etc.Atrebls, -Htis, [Celtic], adj., Atre-batian, of the Atrebates (a people ofBelgic G aul), rarely sing. of one.-Plur., the A trebates.Atrius, -i, at+ (st. of ater , bZack)+ius], M., a Roman gentile name.- sp., Quintus,a sold ier i n Caesarsarmy.a t t e x b (adt-), -texere, -texui, -tex-tus, [ad-texo], 3. v. a., weave on,make on (by weaving).

a tt in g b (adt-), -tingere, -tigi, 4% -tus, [ad-tango], 3. v. a., touch upon,touch, reach, join (of a nationsboundaries).

at tr ib u6 (adt-), -buere, -bui,-btitus,

[ad-tribuo], 3. v. a., dZot to, [email protected] ul i , see adfero.auctor , -h is , [AUG (in augeo, in-crease) +tor], M., a voucher (for an yac t or statement), a a azhioriw, anadviser: defectionis (leader);auctoresse, approve, advise; eis auctoribus,with their a$p rma l; auctore hoste,on the authority of the enemy.aucttiritzs, -tatis, [auctor- (as ifi-st.) + as], F., injaence, prest$e,uarthority (not military or political,cf . imperium and potestas) .auc tus, -a, -um, p. p. of augeo.audlcia, -ae, [audac- (bold)+a],F., da rin g, boldness, efroiztery.audlcter , [audac- (bold) + er],adv., with darirtg, boldly, fea rle ssl y(but of a n enem y): audacissime,with the greatest daring.a u d lx , -%cis, [audz- (as if st. ofaudeo) +CUB (reduced) 1, adj., dur-i n f , bold.-Seeaudacia an d aud acter.audeb, audEre, ausus, [prob.avido-, eager], 2. v. a. and n., dare,venture, risk, dare t o try (or do).-ausus, -a, -urn, p. p. in pres. sense,daring.audib, -dire, -divi, -ditus, [prob.ak in to aur is , ear] , 4. v. a., hear,hear of:- udiens, -entis,p. a s adj.,obedient (with dicto).auditib, -6nis, [audi- (st. of audio)4- tio], F., a hearirtg, hearsay , report.auge6, augEre, auxi, auctus,[AUG (causative or fr. unc. noun-stem) ], 2. v. a., increase, m agn vy , en-hance, add to (something).- ass.,increase.

Aulercus, -a, -um, [Celtic], adj.,


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Aulus 18 Axona bof the Aulerci (a widespread peopleof several tribes in the interior ofGa ul). -Plur., the AuZerci.Aulus, 4, [?I, M., a Roman prae-nomen.auriga, -ae, [poss. akin t o a u r i sand ago, cf . aurea, headstall], c.,a charioteer, a dr ive r.auris, -is, [akin to ear, s t . t aur i -(cf. audio) J , F., an ear.Aurunculeius, 4, [AurunculX-(dim. of Auruncus, name of a nItalian tribe) 4- eius], M., a Romangen tile name.- sp., Lucius Aurun-culeirrs Cotta, a legatus of Caesar.Ausci, -G u m , [Celtic], M. plur. ofa d j ,a tribe of Aquitania.ausus, -a, -um, p. p. of a udeo.a u t [?,but cf. autem], conj. , o r(regularly exclusive, cf. vel).- Re-peated, eitker . ..or.a u t e m [?,kin to aut] , conj . , but( the weakest degree of opposition,cf. sed), on th e other hand , thenagain, now (explanatory), whereas( in sl ight opposit ion to somethingpreceding).autumnus (auc t - ) , -i, [for t auc-tominus, tauctli- (cf. augeo) +minus], M., autumn (the season ofincrease).

au x ili lr is , -e, [auxili&, Ae(p (a s ifauxilii) + ris], adj., abxi l iary.-Plur. a s noun, aitxiliaries, a uxilia rytroops (not Roman legionaries).auxilior, -iiri, -itus, [tauxili&,he&], I. v. dep., g ive assistance.

aux i l i um, -i, [tauxiti- (akin t oaugeo, increase) + ium], N., assist-ance, aid , rem edy, relief: extremum(the las t resource) ; ferre (to assist, oa i d ); auxilio (as a re& forcement) ;quos auxili cau sa habebat (as aatxili-aries, etc.).- lur., auxilzaries (asopp. to the regular heavy-armedinfantry) ; reZhjorceinents: auxiliatardare, hinder r o m rendering assist-ance.AvaricEnsis, -e, [Avaricli- 4- en-sis], adj,, of Avaricum.- lur., thepeople o j Avaricum.Avaricum, -i, [Celtic], N.,a townof the Bituriges, now Bourges.

avgritia, -ae, [avarx- (greedy) +tia], F., covetousness, greed, avctrice.Iv eh 6 , -vehere, -vExi, -vectus, [ab-veho], 3. v. a., cwry of, carry away.&versus, -a, -um, p. p. of averto.Ivert6, -vertere, -verti, -versus,[ab-verto], 3. v. a., turn aside, turnof, push aside.- ig., aZienate, es-trange.--versus, -a, -urn, p. p. a sadj., turned awcty. Hence, f l y ing ,or, w ith a chan ge of po int of view intranslation, in the r e a y (of that towhich th e word is applied) :ne ave rsiab hoste circumvenirentur (by theenemy getting in t he i r rear, etc.).

av is , -is, [unc. root +is], F., a bird.avus , -I, [?I, M., grand'athr.Axona, -ae, [Celtic], F., a river ofGaul (now Aisne) , a tributary of theIsara (Oise).


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19Bcen s

BBBcenis, -is, [Teutonic], F., withsilva, a fore st of G erm an y betweenthe Cherusci an d the Suevi.Baculus , 4, baculus =b aculum ,s t a f ] , M . , agn om en of Publius Sex-tius Baculus, a c en tu rio n i n C a a r s

army.BaleEris, -e, [?I, adj., BaZearic(belonging to the Baleares i n s u h inthe Mediterranean, now Zviza, Ma-j o w a , a n d Minorca, fam ous for the irslingers).ba l teus , -i, [?I,M . , a belt, a baldric( for the sword, passing over th eshoulder, but sometimes also, a beZtencircling the waist).Balventius, -i, [?I, M., a R o m a ngen tile n am e, only wit$ Tztus, a cen-turio n in Cresars army.b ar ba ru s, -a, -um, [prob. fr. imi-tati on of unintelligible sp eec h, cf.balbus, stammering], adj., fore$n(not Greek or Lat in) , uncivilzzed,savagp, barb arian , of the barbarians.-Plur., the barbarians o r savages(used of the Gauls) .Basilus, 4, ?I , M., agnomen ofLucius Mznucius BasiZus, an officerin Czesars army.Batavi , -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur.,th e Batavi o r Batavians, a nationoccupying the region about themouths of the Rhine.Belgae, -Hrum, [?], . p h r . , theBe&@o r Belgians, a nation occupy-ing the nor thern par t of Gaul.-Pe rh. also a sm all tribe of th at na tionwith this special name. *

Bibracte

Belgium. 4, Belga- -k ium], N.,the country of th e Belga.bellicosus, -a, -urn, [belli& (ofw a r ) -I-osus] , adj., warlike.bellicus, -a, -urn, [bell& ( w a r )4-cus], adj., o f w a r , in w a r .bell6, -i re , - i v i , -it u s, [bell&, w u r ] ,

I . V. n., j g h t , m a k e w a r : studiumbellandi, a passion for w a r .Bellovaci, -arum, [?I, M. plur., aGallic tribe between the Seine,Somme, and Oise, about modernBeauvais.bel lum, -i,[old duellum, (fr. duo),a strzye between two ] , N.,war,a w a r :bello persequi, e tc . (ina r m s ) ; belluminferre, make w a r (offensive) ; ellumdefendere,defend ones selffrom w a r ;parare bellum, make w arlike prepa -rations.bene [old case-form of bonus,g o o d ] , adv., w e f l : bene gerere nego-t ium, be successfuZ i r z , etc.beneficium, -I, [benefico- (re-duced) (cf. bene, FAC in facio) +ium], N ., well-doing,a service, a fa vo r,often rendered by Eng. plur., ser-vices, favors shown, services ren-

dered : ortium beneficio, thanks t othe l o t ; beneficio suo adductus, bygrat itude f o r his favor s .benevolentia , -ae, [benevolent- (cf.bene, VOL in volo) +a], F.,good-wiZZ, kindness.Bibracte, -is, [Celtic], N ., th echief town of th e Hredui (MontBeuvray) near Autun, which wasfounde d later.


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Briitus 2 1 campesterBriitus, -i, [brutus, heavy] , a in th e civil war o n th e side of Caesar.

family name at Rome.- SP.,Deci- But he joined the conspiracy againstmus Junius B~zitus lbinus, a lega- Caesar with Ma rcus Brutus, an d wastu s of Caesar. H e distinguish ed on e of Caesars assassin s. H e washimself in com mand of Caesars fleet afterw ards killed i n G aul by ord eroff the coast of Gaul, and afterwards of Antony.

CC, fo r centum, hundred.C., fo r Gaius .C a b i l l h u m , 4, [Celtic], N., atown of the Haedui on the Saone(Chalon-sur-Sabne).Caburus, -i, [Celtic], M., the per-sonal nam e of Gaius Vaierius Cabw

YMS,a Gaul, m ade a Roman citizenby C. Valerius Flaccus, and fatherof C. Va lerius Procillus and C. V ale-rius Donnotaurus.caciimen, -inis, [?I , N., the top (oftrees, m oun tains, etc.).cadiiver, -eris, [akin t o cado,fall],N., a corpse, a body (dead).cada, cadere, cecidi, czsiirus,[CAD, f a l l ] , 3. v. n., all, be KiZled.

Cadiircus, -a, -um, [Celtic], adj.,of the Cizdurci (a tri be of Aquitania).- lur., the Cadurci.caedEs, -is, [tcaed (a s if roo t ofcaedo, M I ) +is or e s ] ,F., a murder,massacre, slaughter, kiliiizg.caeda, caed ere, cecidi, caesu s,[prob. cau sative of cado, cf. Jzil,f e l q ] , 3. v. a., strike, strike down,cut, fe l l , cut down, slay.caelestis, -e, [tcaelit- (st. of cae-les, fr .caelum ) 4- tis], adj., heavenly.- lur., the gods.

caerimania, -ae, [?I , F., a rite, aceremony.CaerBsi, -6rum, [?I, M. plur., atribe of Belgic Gaul.caeruleus, -a, -um, [perh. akin tocaesius, blui sh] , adj., dark blue.Caesar, -ark , [?I , M., afami ly namein the gens Xulia. - sp.: I . C.Iulizis Caesar, the conqueror ofGaul and the au thor of the Commen-taries.- . L. Iulius Caesar, a kins-m an of th e former, ac ting as hislegatus in Gaul.caespes, -itis, [ ? I , M., a sod (usedi n fortification).caesus , -a, -um, p. p. of caedo.calamitiis, -tZtis, [?I, F., disaster(orig. t o c r o p s? ) , deJeat, misfortune(also euphemistically for death):ejus (an y accident to him) .Caletes, a m , [Celtic], M. plur., at ribe in Normandy, o n the Seine.Calet i, -6rum, sam e a s the pie-ceding.callidus, -a, -um, [tca lli- (cf.cal lum, thick d i n ) 4- dus] , adj.,(tough ?), shrewd, cunnikg, skil-

cii16, -tinis, [?I,M., a seruant (of af u l .soldier) , a camp followe r.

caelum, -i, [?I, N., the sky, the heav- campester, -tris, -tre, [campi-( p l a i n ) +ster, as if tcampet +trisns, heaven.- ee caelestis. .


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campus 22 Cassi(cf. equestris) 1, adj., of the pZain:loca (levelpzains).campus, 4, ?I, M., a plain.Camulogenus, -i, [Celtic], M., achief of the Aulerci.Caninius, 4, [?I, M., a Romange nt ile name.- Esp., C. CaiziniusRebilus, a legatus of Caesar.

canci, canere , cecini, can tus, [CAN],3. v. a. and n., sing, sowzd (withvoice or instrum ent).Cantaber , -bra, h u m , ECeltic],adj., of the C antabri(awarlikepeop1ei n th e north of Spain, allied withthe Gauls of Aquitania).- lur.,the Cantabri, the Cantabrians.Cantium, -i, [Celtic], N., Kerrt( the southeast corner of Great Bri-tain).caper, -pri, [?I, M., a goat, F.,capra, -ae, a she-goat.capillus, -i, [adj. form ak in tocaput, head], M., the hair (col-lectively).cap& cap ere, cEpi, captu s, [CAP],3 v. a., take, captu re, take possessionof, get, a c p i r e , seize: tipendium ;nomen; arma (take 1.p); mon-tem (occupy).- ess ex ac tly , choose,select: locum.- o also (esp. ofships, etc.), reach : portus (arriveat, make).- ig., take in (deceive),captivate, beguile, also experieizce:dolorem ; coniecturam (make); quie-tem (lake, enjqy); fugam (take t o

caprea , -ae, [tcaprli- (red uced) (cf.caper, goat) +ea (F. of -eus) 3, F.,aroe (a small animal of th e d eer kind).Another reading fo r cap ra in VI, 27.cap t ivus , -a, -um, [as if tcapti-

&ht).

(imaginary st. of capto, fr. capio) +VIIS], ad j., captive.- Masc. as noun,a captive, a prisoner.ca ptu s, -a, -um, p. p. of capio.cap tus , -tis, [ C A P (in capio) +tus], M.,a seiziirg. H en ce , w ha t onecait grasp.- ig., capacity, charac-ter, itature.

caput, - it is, [I, kin t o head], N.,the head: capite demisso; capitesolo ex aqua exstare, have on&the head above wa ter.-Less ex-actly,pe rson (cf. head of cattle );mouth (of a river).- ig., bye:poenam capitis (of death) ; capitispericulo (of Itye).careti, -Ere, -ui, -itfirus, [?I, 2. v. n.,be without, g o without.car ina, -ae, [?I, F., keeZ, bottom(of a ship).Carnu tes , -urn, [Celtic], M. plur.,a Gallic people between the Loirea n d the Seine, ab ou t OrlCans.

car6, carnis, [akin to crudus andraw], F., j e s h , nreat.carp6, -pere, -psi, @ us , [akin toharvest], 3. v. a., pluck.- i g . , j n dfault with (cf. pick at I ) .carrum, -i, [Celtic], N., a car t(of the Gauls).carrus, -i, M., another form forcarrum.cirus, -a , -urn, [?I, adj., dear,precious, valuable.Carvilius, -i, [?], M., a Romangen tile name.- Also, a kin g of partof Kent.casa, -ae, [?I, F., a cottage, ahut.caseus, -i, [?I, M., cheese.Cassi, -6rum, [Celtic, cf. Velio-


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Cassilnus 23 cautuscasses and Cassivellaunus], M.plur., a British tribe.

CassiPnus, -a, -urn, CtCassi6-(reduced) + inus], adj., of Cassius:bellum (the war in B.C. 107, in whichL. Cassius Longinus was defeatedby th e Tigurini, near Lak e Geneva,an d killed).cassis, -idis, [?I, F., a helmet (ofme tal, for horsem en, cf. gale a).Cassius, -i, [?I, M., a Romangentile name.- sp., L. CassiusLonginus , consul B.C. 107 (see Cas-s ianus) .Cassivellaunus, -i, [Celtic], M.,a British chief ruling north of theThames, who took command of thegen eral resistance of his coun tryme nt o C a s a r, bu t was finally reduced t osubmission.castel lum, -i, [tcastr6- (fortress)+um (N. of -111s) 1, N., a fortress, afo rt , a n outwork, a redoubt.Casticus, 4, Celtic], M., a chiefof the Sequani.cas t rum, -i, [ S K A D (cover) +trum], N., afortvess.- lur. , a camp(fortified, a s was th e man ner of theRomans) : in castris, in camp, alsoin service; castra ponere, pitck t icamp; castra movere, break camp,move ; quintis castris, af ter &nedays' journey, as the Romans en-camped every night.&us, -iis, [CAD (in cado, f a U ) +tus], M., (w ha t bejal ls ),an accident,a chance (good or bad), a mischance :hoc ipso tempore e t casu (emergency);casu, by accident, by chance; casudevenit, chanced to, etc.; quarumrerum casus (the occurrence, the

happening, the jossibil i ty ) ; eundemcasum ferre ( j u t e ); belli casumsustinere (take the chances); ineiusmodi casu (a case); ad extremumcasum, to th e m ost critical po sition;ad omnes casus, against alZac&erzts ;in eum casum deduci ( that pass) .CatamantHloedSs, -is, [Celtic], M.,a chief of the S equani.catena, -ae, [?I, F., a chain (forprisoners), a cable: in catenas con-iecit ( ik topr i son); n catenis tenere.Caturiges, -urn, [Celtic], M. plur.,a peoplein R om an Gaul (Provincia) .Catuvolcus, -i, [Celtic], M., a chiefof the Eburones.causa, -ae, [?I, F., a cause, areason, an excuse, grounds, a m.&'ve(for an act), a r$ht' (to anything) :sa tis causae, mj7cient reason. Abl.after a gen., j o y t h e sake OL o r thepurpose of; jar, on bekalf oy: liber-ta tis cau sa; potentiae causa (bgain);praedandi caus a (to, etc.); insidiarumcausa, for an ambuscade; animicausa, j o r amurerizent,fou fatzcy.-Also, a cause (in law), a case: ausacognita, af ter trial; causa indicta( u n h e a r d ); causam dicere, pleadone's came, stand a triaZ, k uied;causae dictio (a trial). IIen ce, also,a situation, a case: Germanorumunam esse causam ( the case. .. hesame) ; in eadem causa, in the samesituation, also, on the same side.cautg [old case-form of cautus],adv., with cazttion, cautious&.cautgs, -is, [akin to cos, whet-stone], F., a rock (sharp or jagged),a reef:cautus , p. p. of caveo.


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CavarillueCavarillus, -i, [Celtic], M., aprince of the Hxedui.Cavar inus , -i, [Celtic], M., one ofthe Senones, made their king byCresar.cave6, cavere, ciivi, cau tus , [perh .

SKV, cover], 2. v. n. and a., be o none's g un rd, g u a r d against (some-thin g), taake org ivesecuri ty.cEd6, cEdere, cessi, cessiirus, [?I,3. v. n., nzaake way (in any direction).- sp., ,give way, retreat, retire:cedentes, the JRyifzg; cedere loco,abandon a position, a military term.-Fig ., yield : fortunae.celer, -ens, -ere, [CEI. (in cello,rush) -I- is], adj., sru@, p i c k ,speedy,j%st: otus (szidden).celeritiis, &tis, [celeri- (in celer)

f tas], P., swlj.t,zess, activity, speed,promptness: ad celeritatem onerandi,to secure p i c k Zoading; itineris( p i c &marching).celeriter [celeri- (in celer) + ter],adv., quick&, speediy, very soon,

CB16, -Lre, -8vi , -Ltns, [?, kin toclam, secretly, and caligo, mbt], I .V. a., conceal, hide: arma.- ass.,pass ainaoticed.Celtae, -%rum,[Celtic], M . plur.,a great race in G au l and Britain.-More particularly, the Celts (in anarrower sense, occupying th e inte-rior of Gaul).

Celtillus, -i, [Celtic], M.,one ofthe A rverni, fath er of Vercingetorix.CEnabBnsis, -e, [&nab& +ensis],adj., of Cenabirm, of the Ccnadenses,the people of Cenabum.CInabum (Gen-), -i, [Celtic], N.,

soon.

24 certusth e chief city of the Carnutes, nowOrlPaiis (from its later name, urbsAurelianensis).CBnimlgni, -arum, [Celtic], M .plur., a British tribe.CBnomBni, -8rum, [Celtic], hi.plur., a division of the Aulerci.cBnse6, censire, cinsui, cinsus,[?I, 2. v . a., (perh.@ e), reckon, esti-mate.- ess exactly,give one's opin-zotz, advise, decree (of the Senate),dcterm ne.

cBnsus, Xis, [akin to censeo], M.,a nunzbering, a count, a cetzsus.cen tum (C), [akin t o hund-red],indecl. num . a dj., a huizdred.centuri6, -anis, [tcenturia- (cen-tury) 4- 01, M ., a centurion. A sub-altern officer from the ranks, com-manding a centziry, originally ahundred men.cern6, cernere, crsvi, critus,(s i f ted) ,certus, (determined), [CER-,separate], 3. v. a., separate. Hence,distitg tush, see, behold, descry.-Also, determine.certzmen, -inis, [tcertz- (in certo,fr. cerno) +men], N., a strirggk, acontest, rivalry.certE [old case-form of certus],adv., certain ly, surely,a t east (surelywhat is m entioned, if nothing m ore).certus, -a, -urn, p. p. of cerno asadj., determined, j x e d , certain (ofthe thing as well as the person),sure, esta6lished, r e g d a r : ertioremfacere, inform, order; certissim aeres,absol?iteQ ertain facts; dies certa, anappointed day; certa subsidia (regu-lar, as organized befoiehancl) ; cer-turn in locum (particular).


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cervus 2 5 circumcidijcervus, -i, [root of cornu (horn)4- vus], M., a stag; plur., in mili-tary language, a structwe o f forkedstakes (like stags' hor ns ),chevaux-de-frzse.(cEterus), -a, -urn, [CE (in ecce,dehoZa', hic, this) f eru s (cf. alter) ],adj., the rest @ (cf. alius, other, n o tincluding all). -U sual ly plur., the

rest, the remaining, the others; fru-mento ceterisque rebus (everything&e necessary, where aliis wouldmean some other things).Ceutrones (Cent-), -um, [Celtic],M. plur.: I . A tribe in the GraianAlps (in modern Savoy).- . ABelgic tribe.

Cevenna, -Be, [Celtic], F., theCPvennrs (a wood y mou ntain regiono n the west s ide of the lower Rhonevalley).Cherusci, +rum, [?I, M. plur., atribe of the Germans between theW eser and the Elbe .c ib l r ius , -a, -urn, [cibli-,food (re-duced) +arius], adj., pertaining to

food.- eut. plur. as noun, pro-visions: olita (gro un d corn).cibus, -i, [?I, M., food.Cicer6, -8nis, [cicer (chickpea)+0,orig. a nickname, possibly fromexcrcscences o n then ose ], M., a n a m eof a R om an family from A rpinum.-Esp. : I . Marcus TulZius, the greatorator. - . Quintus (TuZZius),h isbrother, in C zs ar 's service in Gaulas legatus.Cimberius, -i, [akin to Cimbri],M., a prince of the Suevi.

Cimbri, -6rum, [?I, M. plur., aGerm an tribe living in Jutland , who

overran Gaul an d m ade a successfulinroad into the Roman dominionsin the second century B.C. T h e ywere conquered at A q u z Sextize an dhrerce1lze by M arius and Catulus, B.c.I O Z and 101 .Cingetorix, -igis, [Celtic], M. :I . A leader of th e Treveri, brother-in-law of his rival, Indutiomarus.-2. A British prince in K ent.cingii, cingere, cinxi, cinctus, [?I,3 . v. a,, surround, encircle: flumenoppidum ( r u n around) . -Less ex-actly, mait (occupy in a circuit, ofwalls).cippus, 4, [?I, M., as take , api lar ,a post.- lur., apparently jocoselyused of a peculiar form of palisades,doundary-posts (?), chevaux-defrzse.circZi [case-form (instr. ?) of cir-cus (cf. circu p)], adv. and prep. withacc., about, around.- ee circiter.

circinus, -i, [circli- (cf. circum) 4-nus], M., apair of compasses, a com-pass.circiter [circli- (around) + ter],adv. and prep. with acc., ab0u.t.-Fig. (of t ime, number, an dq uan tity) ,about (in t he neighborhood of), near,not f a r r o m .circuitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of clr-

circuitus, -tiis, [circum-itus], M.,a circuit (a going round), a czrcu-i t ous route, a circumference: n cir-cuitu, a l l around.circum [acc. of circ6-, around (cf.curvus)], adv. an d p rep. with acc.,about, around.

circumcid6, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus,[circurn-caedo], 3. v. a., c26t around,

cumeo.


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circumclM6 26 circumveni6cut (the idea of around being im-plied in the context) .- ircum-cisus, -a, -urn, p. p. -Fig., isolatect':collis.circumclBd6, d fi d e re , -cliisi, -cl&jus, [circum-claudo], 3. v. a., e mclose ai~oz~rid,icciide, plac e n batida rourzd.circumdatus, -a, -um, p. p. ofcircumdo.circumd6, -dare, -dedi, -datns,[circum-do], I . v. a., @it a r o u i d :mur us circumdatus (encirc.hf,throww aroziitd).-By a c o n f a s i o ~ ~of ideas, szwround, encircle: ciemrhedis.

circumdiic6, -dlicere, -cliixi, -duc-tus, [circum-duco], 3. v. a., Z e da r o w d .- ess exactly, of a line,draw aroztnd.circumductus, -a, -urn, p. p. ofcircumauco.circu(m )eS , -ire, -ii, -itus , [circum-eo], irr. v. n., g o around.- ecom-ing active, visit, mahe a t o w ohiberna.circumfund6, -fundere, -fBcli, -fB-sus, [circum-fundo], 3. v. a., pouraroztnd.- ass. (as reflexive), pourin, u s t arotind, rush in on oll sides.-Also (cf. circum do), surroztnd:rnultitudine praesidia (surround wilha swarmins multit'tde).circumici6, -icere, -iEci, -iectus,[circum-iacio], 3. v. a., hro w around.-ESP. in a military sense, htr laround, tArow around: circumiectamultitudine (nssailinz oiz a l l sides).circumiectus, -a, -urn, p. p. ofcircumicio.circummitt6, -mittere, -misi, -mis-

sus, [circum-mitto], 3. v. a., sendarozdnd.circummani6, -ire, -hi, -itus, [cir-cum-muaio], 4. v. a., f o r t g y around,throw fortLfcations uvoufzd, fortzyy,protect (by a fortification).circummanitus, -a, -uin, p. 11. ofcircummunio.circum plector, -pl-cti, -plexus,[circum-plecto, twine], 3. v. dep.,embrace, sztrrattizd.circumsist6, -sistere, -steti, nop. p., [circnm-sisto, place (one'ss e v ) ] , 3. v. a., staiid around,jo~Karottnd, ral@aroztnd, surm in d, tmin, beset.

circumspici6, -spicere, -spexi,-spectus, [circum-specio], 3. v. a.,look about for. - ig., t h i d m e r ,consider, cast abazit fo r : animo con-silia (by way of investigating ordivining).circum stb, -stiire, -steti, no p. p.,[circum-sto, stand], I . v. a., s w ' -roulzd.c i r cumvl l l l t us , -a, -um, p. p. ofcircumvallo.circumvl116, -%re, -%vi, % tus , cir-cum-vallo, ifrtreiich], I . v. a., sur-round witA wn211, blockade, invest.circumvectus, p. p. of circum-veho.circumveh6, -vehere, -vExi, -vec-tus , [circum-veho], 3. v. a., carryarozmd.-Esp. pass. as dep., ridearozmd, sail urozind.

circumvenia, -venire, -vSni, -ven-tus, [circum-venio, come], 4. v. a.,sz~rroztnd.- ig. (cf. 'get round I ) ,impose upon, d e f y a d , betray, cir-czimvent.


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circumventus 27 clauaiuacircumventus, -a, -um, p. p. ofcircumvenio.c is [case-form of ce (cf. ec-ce,cetera)], adv. and prep. with acc.,th is side, this side of:Cisalpinus, -a, -urn, [cis Alpes (asif cisalpi-) +nus], adj., beiizg thisside Ithe A&$, Cisa&inc. Gallia( th at pa rt of Gau l on the I ta l i an

side of th e Alps).Cisrh6nSnus, -a, -urn, [cis Rhe-num (as if cisrhenz-) +nus], adj.,Jeing this side the Rhine , this sidethe Rhine (as adj. phrase).- lur.as noun, the people this side theZrhine (Le. towards Gaul).Cita, -ae, [perh. C I (in cieo) + ta(cf. nauta)], M., a Roman familyname.- nly, C. Fujus, a Romanknight doing business in Cenabum.citBtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of cito.citer, -ra, -rum, [CE (cf. cis) +terus (reduced, cf. alter)], adj., onthis side (rare and antiquated).-Usually citerior (compar.), nearer,hither (as adj.) : provincia, Gallia(Gaul on th e Italian side of th eAlps as opp. to Farther Gaul, cf .Cisalpinus);Hispania (the easternpar t of Spain).citij, -Ere, -Hvi, Htus, [citi5- (fr.cieo,put in motion)],I . v. a., urgeon, hurry. -cit ltus, -a, -urn, p. p.as adj., in haste: citatus fertur,r u n s very rapid+.citij [ibl. of citus (fr. cieo, p u tin motion)], adv., p i c k & : itissime(very rapid&).citrB [case-form F. of citer], adv.and prep. with acc., this side, with in(as opp. to beyond).

citra [dat. of citer], adv., to thisside: ultro citroque, back and forth,to andfro.civis, -is, [CI (in quies, rest) +vis(weakening of -VIIS)], c . , a citizen, afel lowcit izen.civitSs, -tiitis, [civi- +tas], F., th estate of bein8 a citizen, citizenship.-Esp., Ro m an citizenship, the homan

franchise.- ess exactly, a body o jfellow-citizens, the citizens (as abody), ones fellow-citizens, a state(composed of citizens), a ci& (be-cause the city was th e stat e) , a na-tion,a tribe (politically) : expellit excivitate (from the country).clam [case of s t . ak in to caligo,nzi~t, tc.], adv. and prep. with abl.,secretly.clBmit6, -Hre, -Hvi, -stus, [freq. ofclamo], I . v. a., Keep crying out ,vociferate, cry out.cllmor, Gris, [clam ( a s if root ofclamo) +or], M., a shouting, a shout,a cry, an outcry.clandestinus, -a, -urn, [unc. st.(perh. m anufactured from clam) +tinus], ad j., secret, clannesfine.clBrus, -a, -um, [CLA (in clamo,cry out ) +IUS], adj. , brkht, clear.- ig. ,fmous. -Also (of sound),h i d , distinct.classis, -is, [CLA (in clamo, c vout) +tis], F., (a summoning).-Le ss exactly, tke ar m y (called out).-ESP., an ar m y (called out fo rduty at sea), a j e e t ( the most com-mon later meaning) .Claudius,-i, [Claud& (Zame)+ us],M., a Rom an gentile name, probablyborrowed from the Sabines.- sp.,


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Claud6 28 c6gitijAppius Claudizrs, consul with L.Dom itius in 11.c. 4.claud6, claudere, clausi, clausus,[of unc. form., akin to clavis, hey],3. v. a., close, shzrt, fasten.- sp.,claudere agmen, cZose the Zi7ie ofmamh, briitg up the rear.clausus, -a, -urnj p. p. of claudo.clavus, 4, [ CL AW (cf. claudo) +us], M., nail , spike.clGmEns, -entis, [perh. CLA (inc lams , bright) +mens (cf. vehe-mens)], adj., (brzkht?),gentle (ofweather).- ig., genfle, k ind , mer-c f u L- ee clementia.clEmentia, -ae, [clement- +ia],P., Kindness, gentletless, humanity,clemency.cliens, -entis, [=cluens, p. ofclueo, h e w , obty], c., (a heareu), adependant, a vassal, a rrtainer.cl ientda , -ae , [client- +6la (imi-tating suadela, etc.)], P., vassaZage(as condition of a cliens). Hence(viewed f r . the other s ide) , protec-tion.- hrases :magnae clientelae,many vassals (extensive relations ofclientage j) ; Remis in clientelamse dicaverunt (szwrendered them-seZves as vassah to, etc.).clivus, -i, [CLI ( lean) +vus], M.,a slope, a declivity, a n acclivity; dmolliendum clivum, t o make theascent easier.

CIBdius, -i, [the popular form ofClaudius], hi., a Roman gentilename, belonging to the plebeianbranch of th e gens Claud ia.- SP.,2. Clodius, a most bitter enemy ofCicero. He was killed in a fray byT. Annius Milo, who was defended

.

by Cicero in a f amous oration stillextant.Cn., or Gnaeus.coacerv6, -%re, -Hvi, -Stus, [con-acervo], I . v. a,, kea$ up, mass to-gether, heap o n top (of others).co lc tus , -a, -um, p. p. of cogp.co lc tus , -t8s, [con-actus (cf. cogo ,

force)], M., conzpz~~sioiz .coag m entij, -Zre, -?ivi, -Ztus, [coag-ment6-,joint], I . v. a.,fasdeiz together.coartij (-arc-), -%re, 4 v i , -8tus,[con-arto], I . v. a.,press together, colt-j z e .Cocosltes, -nm,Celtic], M. plur.,

a people of Aquitania.coemij, -emere, +mi, -Emptus,[con-emo], 3. v. a., bzly up.coe6, -ire, -ivi (-ii), no p . p., [con-eo],irr. v. u., c o ~ eogether, uz ite , meet.coepi, -isse, coeptus, [con-tapi(perf. of tap o, cf. apiscor)], def. v. a.,(have tankcti AoZd of 1, began, under-tooh,stal-ttd.- oeptus, -a, -um, p. 1used in sam e seuse as th e active withpass. infinitives.coeptus, -a, -um , p. p. of coepi.coerceij, -ercEre, -ercui, -ercitus,[con-arceo], 2. v. a., conjne, Keep incheck.cijgitij, -%re, 8vi, -?itus, [con-agito(in sense of wzdve, dzscuss)], I . v .a., c o m i d c r , th iak over . --Esp. (asto some plan of action), thirzk about,discuss (what to do), have an ideaOJ inten d, consider (thnt somethingmay happen), expect (contemplateth e possibility) : cogitare ne, see thatnot, think how ~rot,pZan o p r e v e n t ;nihil cogitare de bello (have 720thought 05 tc.).


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cagnlti6 2 9 comitiamc6gnZti6, -Gnis, [con-(g)natio,birth] ,F., connection by b irth.- on-cretely, a a m i & , a cZan: magnaecognationis, having connections (by

blood).ctignitus, -a, -um, p. p. of cog-nosco.cogntisc6, -gn&cere, -gn6vi, -gni-tus, Leon-(g)nosco, Ze-arn], 3. v. a.,learn,j n d ont,jnd, become aware.-ESP., nvestigate, inpuire i n t o , Learnabout, study. -In perf. tenses (cf.nosco), h o w , be a w a re ; cognitum es tde aliqua re (something was known) ;causa cognita, @ on n filll investzga-tion, af ter tr ial ; egregia virtuteeran t cogniti (had been foz~ndo be of,etc.) ; ad cognoscendum, f o r i nqu ir y.cbg6, c6gere, coEgi, cokctus, [con-ago], 3. v. a., bring together, coZZect,asJembZe, get together. Hence,force,compel, oblige: oactua, by com..ul-sion.cohors, -hortis, [con-thortis (re-duced), akin to hortus, garden] F.,an enclosure. Hence, a body oftroops, a cohort (the ten th p ar t of alegion, corresponding as a unit offormation to the com pany of mod-ern tactics, and containing from300 to 600 men).

coh o rt lt i6 , -Gnis, [con-hortatio (cf.cohortor)], F., an encouragiizg, en-couragement.- sp. (to soldiers),an address (almost invariably a pre-liminary to an engagement).cohortor, Gri, -%us, [con-hortor],I . v. dep., encourage, ra&, address(esp. of a commander): cohortatiinter se, encou~aging, rging one an-P t l t $ Y .

coll- (ex cept collis), see conl-.collis, -is, [?I, M., a hill.~ 0 1 6 ,colere, colui, cultus, [?I,3.v. a,, tilZ, cultivate.- ig., atteteltdu . o n , cowrt, cultivnte (as a friend),p a y court to , worship (of divinities).colonia, -ae, [colonti- (cf. colo) +ia], P., (state of a colonist).- on-cretely, a colony (both of the estab-l ishment and the persons sent) .T h e Roman colonists were and con-tinued to be R om an citizens, an tiserved as armed occupants of th esoil where they were se nt in th einterests of t h e m other country.color, -6ris, [prob. akin t6 clli go ,as opp. t o white] , M., color.com- (con-, CO-) [the sa m e ascum], adv. i n comp., with, together,up. Often intensifying the mean-ing without definite translation.combiirb, -firere, -fissi, -iistus,[con-tburo (?), relation to uro veryuncertain, cf. bus tum, funeraZpyre] ,3. v. a., burn up, consume.comes, -itis, [con- tmi t i s (MA nmeo, g o ) +tis], c., a companion(esp. an inferior as attendant or fol-lower).cbminus [formed by some falseanalogy from con manus], adv.,hand to hand (cf. Eminus, a t a dis-tance), in close combat, atsh or t range.comitltus, -a, -um, p. p. of co-mitor.comitium, -i, [?, erh. comit- (seecomes) +ium, the assemblage offollowers (cf. serv itium )], N.,a par tof the Forum at Rome.- lur., a neZection (assem bly of the people fo rvoting).


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comitor 3 0 commove6comitor, -iri , -Itus, [comit-, com-

pan i on] , I . v. dep., acconipary.-c o m i t l t u s , -a, -um, p. p. in pres.sense, acco?npanyinty.commei tus , -tiis, [con-meatus, cf.commeo, go 50 and fro], M., a goiq-t o and r o , an expedition (back andfor th) , a tr$. Hence, communica-tions (of a n army). - S o also, S Z L ~plies (of an army), jyovisions.commemor6, -Ire, -iivi, - I tus , [con-memoro, call t o mind] , I . v. a.,remind one oJ Hence, speak oJ:mention, state (in a narrative).

commendti, -%-e, -Hvi, -I tu s, [con-mando, commit] , I . v. a., i n t m s t ,commend, recomn~end,zrrrender.comme6, &e, - Iv i , -Itfirus, [con-meo], I . v. n., go back a n d f o r t h .-W i th a d , visit, m o r t to.cornmilitti, -6nis, [con-milit- (JOGdier) +01, M., jeZZowsoZdier, con&-7ade.

comminus, see cominus.. commissiira, -ae, [con-tmissura(cf. committo)] , B., a j o in t , a seam.com missus, -a, -um, p. p. of com-mitto.committti, -mittere, -misi, missus,[con-mitto], 3. v. a., (Zet go (send)together or altogether). EIence,join,urtitc, attach : roelium (epzgage, be-gin the engagement).- lso, trzist:se barb aris comm ittere ( p a tone's selfin the hands oJ etc.) ; nihil his com-mittere (place n o con$dence in, tc.).-Also, admi t , aZZm ( to happen),commit (suffer.to be done, cf. ad-mi t to) , perpetrate : neque commis-sum a se, nothing had bzen done bythem; omm ittere u t posset, Zeuve it

possi6Ze; nihil committebant, didnothing.Commius, -i, [Celtic], M., a leaderof the Atrebates.commodE [old case-form of com-modus], adv., advantageously, con-veniently, jit4,rmdzly , o advantage :sa ti s commode, to muck advantuge;non satis commode, not very easdy.commodum, see commodus.commodus, -a, -um, [con-modus,measwe , adj., (having the samem ensure w ith ), ttizg, sziitabZe, con-venient, advantag~ozrs: ommodissi-mum est, it is the best thing, nostndvantapeous.- eut. as n o u n , con-venience, corn ort,advmztage, interest:commodo rei publicae, witkozrt preju-dice to the 9arbZic in fcrests; omnibusin vita commodis, all the blessings ofl i fe; rei familiaris commodum, theinterests o one's propcity; uas suiquisque commodi fec era t cfm is ownr onvenience).com m onefac i6, -facere, -feci, -fac-tus, [unc. case-form (of s t . ak in tomoneo, w a r n ) -facio], 3. v. a., re-? Z i dcommoriitus, -a, -um, p. p. ofcommoror.commoror, -iiii, -Stus, [con-moror],

commtitus, -a, -um, p. p. of com-commoveb, -movere, -m6vi, - m &tus, [con-moveo], 2. v. it., move, stir,agitate. -Wi th reflex., o r in pass.,6e moved, move (intrans.), stir.-

Fig., disz'urb, azi tafe , afect? ala rm ,influence (with idea of violent feel.

I . v. dep., delay, stay, Zingw.moveo.

w.


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commiinicHtue 3 1 comprobacommiinicltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of

communico.commtnicij, -Hre, -Zvi, -stus,[tcommun icb (st. of tcommunicus,communi- +CUB)], I. v. a., ( m a k ecommon), share, communicate, con-sult (with a person about a thing,and so make it common), add (athing to another) , p u t in along with(som ething else).com miini6, -ire, -ivi, -itu s [con-muuio], 4. v. a., s trof igly for tvy ,f o r t f y , intrench , bu ild (make byfortification).commiinis, -e, [con- f munis (cf.munia, duties)] ,adj., (havingsharestogether), comm on, genera l, in com-m o n : x communi consensu, by gen-eral agreement; consilium (generalp la n , concerh action) res (thecom-mon interest) .commiitltib, -6nis, [con-mutatio(cf. commuto)], F., change: aes tus(turn).commii t l tus , -a, -urn, p. p. ofcommuto.commiitij, &e, -Bvi, -Htus, [con-muto], I . v. a., change, exchange:studium belli agriculturii (exchangethe pursui ts of wa r f o r agricul-ture) .

comparltus, -a, bum, p. p. of Icomparo.I . com parb, -%re, %vi,Ztus, [con-

parol, I . v. a., get ready, prepare,.procure, xizin, g et together, prep arefo r (with a different view of th e ob-ject in English): omnibus rebuscomparatis,having made all arrange-ments.

2. comparij, &e, -%vi, -?itus, [con-

parol, I . v. a., (pair together), com-pare.compellb, -pellere, -puli, -pulsus,[con-pello], 3. v. a., drive together(or altogether), dr ive in, orce, drive.compendium, -i, [com +pendium],N., (a weighing in, cf. expendo,we@h out), a saving, pr oj t .comperiij, -perire, -peri, -pertus,[con-pano], 4. v. a., (g e t together),find out (by inquiry), ascertain, dis-cover. -cornpertus, -a, -um, p. p. asadj. , certain (cf. exploratus).compertus, -a, -um, p. p. of com-perio.complector, -plecti, -plexus, [con-plecto, fold], 3. v. dep., embrace,include, enclose.compleij, -plEre, -plEvi, -plEtus,[con-pleo], 2. v. a., j l l @ , l l .-With a different conception of theact ion f rom Eng. , cover, man (ofwalls).

complexus, -a, -urn, p. p . of com-plector.complfirGs, -pliira (-ia), [con-plus],adj. plur., very 7rdany, a gre at m a n y ,a reat number of.comportij, -Hre, -Hvi, -iitus, [con-porto], I . v. a., bring together, col-lect.

comprehendb, -hendere, -hendi,-hEnsus, [con-prehendo], 3. v . a.,seize, ratch, arrest, capture, grasp(one by the hand or clothing).-Fig., ake , catch (of fire).comprehSnsus, -a, -urn, p. p. ofcomprehendo.

comprob6, -are, -%vi, -Stus, [con-probo], I . v. a., prove, approve: con-silium fortuna ( j us tqy) .


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compuleua 32 condiciacompulsus, -a, -urn, p. p. of com-pello.cfinl tum, -i, [N.p. p. of conor aspass.], N., an attempt, an zcnder-taLi?zg.ci jn ltu s, -tiis, [con&- (st. of conor)+tus], M ., a n attempt, a n e f o r t .ctinltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of conor.concEdti, -cCdere, -cess& -cessus,

[con-cedo], 3. v. a. and a., (@e zipa thing to onc) , allow, gran t , assign(leave, where th e rest is talcenaway), permit, y idd the p d i z (toa superior), yield, make a conces-sion.

concert6, -Sre, -%vi, %tiirus, [con-certo], I . v. n., conzttndconcessus, -SEIS, [con-tcessus (cf.concedo)], M., a concession, apermission.concidti, -cidere, -cidi, no p. p.[con-cado], 3. v. n., J z l Z down, f a l l .concid6, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus,[con-caedo], 3. v. a., cu t to pieces,c u t down (Icill), cu t zip ( land byestuaiies).concili6, &e, -%vi, 8tns, [concili&,assenabl'y], I . v . a., bring together.Hence , win mer, secnre (even byforce), win,gain.concil ium, -i, [con-tcilium (CAI,(caZl) + ium, cf. Kalendae)], N.,a meetirzp: -ESP., a n assembly (ofwar or s ta te) , a couizciZ, a c o n f e ~ -ence : er concilium, i7z cozmciZ.concisus, -a, -urn, p . p. of concido.conci t l tus , -a, -urn, p. p. of con-cito.concitti, -%re, iivi, iitus, [con-cito,freq. of cieo, stir], I . v. a., arouse, stirup, call out (and so set in motion).

concl lml tus , -a , -urn, p. p. ofconclamo.concl lm6, -h,%vi, -Stus, [con-clamo, cry out] , I . v. n., cry om',shout : ictoriam (cogn. acc.), shoutvictory.'concliid6, dgdere, -clBsi, -clCms,[con-claudo], 3. v. a., shzct up, eiz-cZose: mare conclusum (enclosed,in land) .concliisus, -a, -urn, p. p. of con-cludo.Conconnetodumnus, -i, [Celtic],h l . , a leader of the Carnutes.concrepe, -crep8re, -crepui, -crepi-tiirus, [con-crepo], I . v. n., rattle,chzsh: armis (clash the i r ar t~ ts , fsoldiers).concurr6, -currere, -cu rri (-ciicui i ) ,cursus, [con-curro], 3. v. n . , r z c ntogether, rush 7~$, rush i ~ z , rzcsh(advance), flock to , Atrsten iT z : on-cursurn e st , tlzrre was a rush .concurs6 , -8re, -%vi, %tarus, [con-curso, freq. of curro, run], I . v. n.,rush t o and f ro : concursari iubet,orders a noise O J ~iiz~zingo a n d frot o be mode.concursus, -a, -urn, p. p . of con-curro.concursus, -sfis, [con-cursus (cf .concurro)], h i . , n rtishiizg to a n d f r o ,a dashing together (collision). -Esp., a charge, onset, a crowd ruit-ning, a cro7ud.

condemnCitus, -a, -urn, p. p. ofcondemn8, -%re, Hvi, - I tus , [con-damno, condemn], I . v. a., condemn,

findgiiil&.condici6, -6nis, [con-mc, say (cf,

condemno.


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cond6n6 33 cbf i teorcondico, agree)],F., terms , condition,terms of agreement, term s (of fight-ing), state (of slavery) : ad iniquam

up, dress (of skins).- lso (cf,Eng. d one up ) , f in ishup , exhaust,wear out . nondum confecta hieme,condicionem pugnandi, t o j g h t onunequa l terms.condijnij, -% re, %vi, itus, [con-dono],

I . v. a., give up, pardon f o r thesake of:Condriisi, -orurn, [Celtic], M. pl.,a Belgic tribe on the Meuse, clientsof the Treveri.

condiic6, -dficere, -dfixi, -ductus,[con-duco, l e a d ] , 3. v. a., bring to-gether, bring up (soldiers), hire :manus conducta, a band of merce-naries.

when the winter was not yet spent,before the end of; etc.- See alsoconfio.cijnfidb, -fidere, & us sum, [con-fido, t m s t ] , 3. v. n., ( trust fuILy), beconjdent, trust, trust to , have con-fidcnce in, rely o n , feel assured.-cenfisus, -a, -urn, p. p. in act. sense,trusting in.cijnfigij, -figere, -fixi, -fixus, [con-figo, f i x ] , 3. v. a., jh ten toge ther ,fasten.cijnfinis, -e, [con-finis], adj., hav-

cijnfectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of conficio. in g boundnrics together, nQacent:cbnferciij, -fercire, -fersi, -fe rtu s, confines Senonibus, neighbors of the[con-farcio], 4. v. a., crowd together. Senones.-cijnfertus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., cijnfinium, -i, [confini- +ium],close, crowded, dense, closely crow ded, N., ne&hborhood, conjnes, commonin close order, in a solid body.cijnferii, -ferre, -tuli, -1$tus, [con-fe r~ ] , r r. v. a., brinf together, gettogether, br ing i n , ga ther , collect.-With or without culpam, lay theblame on, charge. -With reflexive,betake ones seG rem ove, take re fuge .-So with other words, fortunas,(remove, tra ns fer) .- lso,postpone,delay.

cijnfertus, -a, -urn, p . p. of con-fercio.ciinfestim [acc. of tcon-festis(cf. festino, has ten )] ,adv., i n haste ,

boundaries.cijnfib, -fieri, -fectus, [con-So],irr. v. n . (used rarely as pass. ofconficio), be accomplished, etc. (seeconficio).cijnfirmiti6, -anis, [con-firmatio,cf. confirmo], F., (pos it ive) assur-ance, cony

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