Green Chemistry - EU Science Hubies-webarchive-ext.jrc.it/mars/mars/content/download/1240/7191/... · Modification Composites Selective Fermentation Controlled Pyrolysis Extraction

www.www.greenchemistrygreenchemistry.net.net

Green ChemistryToday and Tomorrow

James Clark

Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceChemistry DepartmentUniversity of York, UK

www.greenchemistry.net

Benefits of the Chemical Industry


Pressures on the Chemical IndustryAcross the Lifecycle


COSTS OF WASTE

Environment

Public Relations

Future

Waste Disposal

Production

Depletion ofnatural resources

Raw materialinefficiencies

Plant utilisationinefficiencies

Higher productioncosts

Fines Pollution Clean up costs Recruitmentdifficulties

Attitudes ofworkforce

Energyinefficiencies

Emissions Health and safetyissues

Attitudes of Neighbours

Local planningrestrictions

Tougherlegislation

Increased cost oftechnology to stay in

business

Increased cost ofraw materials

through depletion

containerstransport

Late shipment By-productgeneration

Less competitivepricing

Poor customerrelations

Loss of business

Increased costsof disposal


Green Chemistry and the Consumer“Research shows that 80% of the 16 Million people visiting our stores eachweek want sustainable products”

“A clear majority (of our customers) want this process to be simplified”

“Green Chemistry is not only a solution, it is the solution”

[Mike Barry, Mark & Spencer Head of CSR]

“Chemicals are featuring more prominently in stakeholder resolution …. Theresolutions are a sign of pressure to come, driven by more organised NGOactions, increased consumer concern and an availability of safer alternativeproducts”

“(Major companies) … are being asked to lay out a strategy for becoming aleader in safe chemical use”

[Ends report]

“Green chemistry offers corporate managers and investors on opportunityto reap the benefits of 21st century thinking and avoids the risk of 20th

century chemistry”

[Rich Liroff, WWF-US]


What is Green Chemistry?Sustainable Development and Business

SD

ECONOMIC

SOCIALENVIRONMENTAL

Energy

waste

Non-renewables

risk

cost REDUCE water


Sustainablefeedstocks

Greenerprocesses

Green Productdesign

MeasuringGreen

Green and SustainableSupply Chains


Making your raw materialmore sustainable

The chemical industry is too dependent on traditionalvirgin sources of raw materials - sources that

are becoming scarce, expensive and unreliable, and oftenfrom regions with uncertain social and political conditions


Resource demands of chemical manufacturing

Chemical industryneeds numerous raw

materials (P, S, Sb,In, As..)which are becoming rare

Pre-manufacturing Manufacturing End of LifeProduct

UseProductDelivery

10% of oil usedas raw material

for making chemicals

10% of oil forchemical manufacturing

Disposal of chemicalscan use resources

and cause environmentalharm

Chemical usemay have highenergy costsHigh resource demands

for disposal

Long global supplychains add tochemical environmentalfootprints

ChemicalManufacturingproduces 4%of global CO2


Key elements are running out!


Waste is tomorrows resource

We need to encourage the greater use ofchemically rich waste as a resource


Sustainable sourcesof

Carbon

Over 90% of organic chemicals are based on petroleum feedstocksthis is not sustainable


Extractables(secondary metabolites

from straw) Materials(primary metabolites –

starch, cellulose)

Bulk Chemicals((Bio)chemical processing of

bulk materials/residues)

CH

EM

ICA

LP

OT

EN

TIA

LT

EC

HN

OL

OG

IES

AD

DIN

GV

AL

UE

Biomass

Benign Extraction Methods

Separation/Purification

Green Chemical Transformation

Expansion Methods

Green ChemicalModification

Composites

Selective Fermentation

Controlled Pyrolysis

Extraction Technology

(Bio)platform molecules

Green Chemistry/technology


Plant waxesPlant waxes

Sterols/Sterols/ SterylSteryl estersestersOH

O

O

EstersEsters

Resin acidsResin acids

OH

O

Fatty acidsFatty acids

GlyceridesGlycerides

O

O

O

O

O

OCOOH

Biodiesel Glycerol -fuel and chemical valueespecially when based on wastes as feedstocks

ClO

Glycerineco-product

New Solvay Process

Epichlorohydrin

Surfaces, plasticetc

= oldroute toglycerol

propene


SUSTOIL: a new Networkfor the sustainable use of plant oils

.

23 partners from 10 EU countries

Collaborators from outside EU

Coordinated by the Green Chemistry Centre

Farming/harvesting Primary processing Secondaryprocessing

-

INTEGRATED BIOREFINERYSCHEMES

www.sustoil.org

We need to more rapidly move towards the use of non-competitivebiomass as a feedstock for chemical manufacturing


Making your processgreener

Chemical manufacturing is largely based on chemistry thatis complex, energy- , solvent-, and water-intensive and produces

considerably more (often hazardous) waste than product


Green Chemical Processing

Farming/

Harvesting

Waste-sorting

Primary

processing

- Benign (solvent)extraction

- Bioprocessing(enzyme and whole cell)

- Controlled pyrolysis

(catalytic,microwave…)

Secondaryprocessing

-Heterogeneous catalytictechnology

--Biocatalytic technology

-- Low energy (e.gmicrowave) processes

-Intensive processing

-


Making Amides: Development of a Cleaner Process

Starting Material

Amide product

Green Chemistry

Single step catalytic process

Cheap reusable catalyst

Very high atom utilisation

Simple work-up/separation

No hazardous waste

Traditional Chemistry

Expensive and dangerous

auxiliaries

Low atom utilisation

Large amount of dangerouswaste

For example…….for the preparation of widely used intermediates

We can be too clever to be green: we need to encouragesimpler, cleaner chemical manufacturing


Making your productgreener

Social, environmental, legislative, supply chain and worldwide politicalpressures make the introduction of greener products imperative

Identify generic substance types of concern

Study currently available alternatives

Chemicals derived from renewableresources & with green lifecycle

PROBLEMS

SOLUTIONS

OPPORTUNITIES

Examples

Solvents (replacing VOCs)

Adhesives (replacing formaldehyde)

Flame retardants (replacing polybrominated cmpds)

Primers (replacing chromate)

Routes to Substitution

Supercritical fluids, biosolvents (solvents)

Modified polysaccharides (adhesives)

Clay nanocomposites (flame retardants)

Citrates (primers)

Platform molecules from biomass

Natural extracts

Biomaterials

Green Chemistry modified natural products

We need to promote practical routes to and incentivisesubstitution and not simply legislate for avoidance

Green and sustainable products


Solvents from Renewables

Biomass

IsosorbideIsosorbide esters

Roquette

Dextrose --> lactic acidGlucose + H2

sorbitol

Glucose succinic acid

Levulinic acid

Fermentation

SuccinateEsters

(Bioamber, DSM, Roquette)

Lactate estersAshland

Methyl-THFLoba-Chemie

Green Chemical Transformations

Ethyl lactateVertec Biosolvents


Examples of Companies showingleadership in Green Chemistry

InterfaceFlor - take-back schemes and research on use of renewableresources and green product design for carpets

Armstrong World - use of renewable resources in floor coveringsGSK- green chemistry process metrics, awards scheme

Cognis, Ecover, Henkel - green surfactantsPfizer, Rhodia, Enichem, Merck - greener manufacturing processes

Roquette, DSM, Dow, Bioamber, DNP - chemicals based onrenewables

Solvay, Dow - chemicals based on biofuel co-productsNature Works, DuPont - bioplastics

Hua Yi group - corporate green chemistry policy

Companies showing good practice need to be rewarded


Environmental Footprint

How Green is my Chemical?Carbon Footprint

Green Chemistry metrics

PBT and related product classifications

There is no standard for measuring greeness but weneed to establish a mechanism of approval formethods used and the reporting made


Environmental impacts from a shower gel

Heavy reliance onPetrochemicals

Pre-manufacturing Manufacturing End of LifeProduct

UseProductDelivery

High energy use inmanufacturing

Waste chemicalsneed to be treated and/or beenvironmentally compatible

High water and energy demands

Waste/product massRatio >>1 for mostFine chemicals

Long global supplychains and large numberof components addsto transport burden

ChemicalManufacturingproduces 4%of global CO2

We need to encourage full life-cycle thinkingacross the supply chain for

determining environmental impact


Two – box lifecycle measure of greeness

Before

•Sustainability of raw materials

•Processing (all stages)

•Formulation (inc. packaging

•Transport

•Hazardous process wastes andtreatment

•Energy

After

Waste during use

Packaging

Landfill/incineration

Biodegradability

Recycling / reuse

before consumer after consumer

The consumer interface

The consumer is a vital part of the “greening” process


Supply chain partnerships

Supply chains for current chemicals areinadequate for green and sustainable chemicals


Reducing Environmental Footprint

Suppliers Manufacturers Producers Retailers Consumers

RenewableResources

GreenerProcesses

SaferComponents

GreenProducts

Sustainablefeedstocks to

reduceenvironmental burden

Clean, efficientmanufacturing

requiredDesire to monitorgreen credentials

Increased consumerawareness


Eco-waxesYork - Charles Jackson Farms - Botanix - Croda - Compak

Wheat strawScCO2 extraction

Wax products

Cosmetic Products

Health Products

Semiochemicals(Rothamsted)

“Natural” products are very desirable…they need to be:

- derived from natural resources- extracted using “natural” solvents (H2O, EtOH, CO2)- modified only be “natural” methods (biocatalysis)


Green OfficeYork-Velcourt-Bical-BCC-PQ-B&Q-BioFlame-Compak (LINK)

Bio-based composite materials for structural and furniture applications

and for the residues………

Overall good metrics for sustainability, greener products,waste avoidance and low environmental impact manufacturing


Recyclable

York-Interface-Itac-Contract Chemicals -(TSB)Switchable adhesives for carpet tiles

We need to promote case studies of green and sustainable supply chains


• Research• Industry collaboration• Education, including

development of teachingand promotional materials

• Networking with allchemical stakeholders

Activity Areas

The Centre’s Activities can be groups into 4 areas:


MSc in Green Chemistry& Sustainable Industrial Technology

Principles & TechnologiesPrinciples, Environmental Impact, Chemical Engineering,

Catalysis for Green Chemistry,Alternative Reaction Media, Energy,

Clean Synthesis, Renewable Resources,Greener Products

Supporting CoursesIP, Business Opportunities, Green Chemistry Presentations,

Legislation Presentations and Literature Research

Research Project & Oral PresentationIn collaboration with Industry

Transferable

Skills


Education and Training

Contact-basedSupported e -learning

CPD(including Masterclasses and

on-site delivery)Full or Part-time

Certificate, Diplomas and Degree options

We need to better prepare the next generation andretrain the existing workforce in the principles

and practices of green chemistry


Networking Projects:Green Chemistry Network

• Est. 1998 withfunding from theRoyal Society ofChemistry

• One of the largestinternationalnetworks of thistype in the world

• Internationalmembership

• Excellent forumfor informationexchanges andcollaboration


Networking ProjectsGreen Chemistry & the ConsumerEngaging the retailers through low technicalawareness of greener chemistry

“Research shows that 80% of the16 Million people visiting our storeseach week want sustainableproducts”

“A clear majority (of ourcustomers) want this process to besimplified”

“Green Chemistry is not only asolution, it is the solution”

[Mike Barry, Mark & Spencer Head ofCSR]

Biodegradable Surfactants

Halogen-free flame retardants

Environmentally friendly bitter-taste

blockers for drugs

http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/gcn/industry.htm#consumer

We must encourage mechanisms for engaging the(very many) users of the chemical industry


Green consumer productsYork-Boots-Bristol and Glasgow Science Centres

www.greenconsumerproducts.net


15th & 16th June 2009The King’s Manor, York, UK

Plus pre-symposium Masterclass & evening event

Speakers from retail, industry, academia, NGO and others


Research

Industry

Networking

Education

www.greenchemistry.net

Documents

Green Chemistry - EU Science Hubies-webarchive-ext.jrc.it/mars/mars/content/download/1240/7191/... · Modification Composites Selective Fermentation Controlled Pyrolysis Extraction