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Chemical Lab Safety TrainingCollege of Arts & Sciences
WCU’s Chemical & Biological Safety Manual can be found on
The Office of Safety and Risk Management website:
http://www.wcu.edu/11808.asp
The objectives of this training are to familiarize
you with the following concepts:
• Hazard Identification
• Exposure Control
• Laboratory Etiquette
• Accident Response & Reporting
• Chemical Management
This course is intended to introduce you to
tools you can use to improve your personal
risk and safety in the laboratory.
Objectives
Hazard Identification
Hazard Identification
A hazardous chemical is defined by OSHA as any chemical that is a physical hazard or a health hazard.
The types of hazards a chemical may present can be found:
• On the container label
• On the MSDS
• By asking the lab supervisor/ instructor
Physical Hazards• Explosives
• Compressed Gases
• Flammables
• Oxidizers
• Highly reactive or unstable
Health Hazards
a chemical for which there is evidence that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees
Hazard Identification
MSDS
Chemical Container
Hazard Identification
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• MSDS can be found on-
line by searching:
“chemical name MSDS”
• Hard copies are kept in
the lab and in NS-202
All MSDS contain the following sections:
• The sections in bold are of particular significance
Product and Company Identification
Hazards Identification
First-Aid
Fire Fighting Measures
Accidental Release Measures
Handling & Storage
Exposure Control/PPE
Physical & Chemical Properties
Stability & Reactivity
Toxicological Information
Ecological Information
Disposal Considerations
Transport Information
Regulatory Information
Hazard Identification (MSDS)
ACUTE TOXICITY
Fatal or Toxic
CORROSIVE
Skin Corrosion/Burns
Eye Damage
Corrosive to Metals
ENVIRONMENTAL
TOXICITY
Causes injury to aquatic organisms
HEALTH/
TOXIC
Carcinogen
Mutagenicity
Respiratory Sensitizer
Reproductive Toxicity
Target Organ Toxicity
Aspiration Toxicity
EXCLAMATION
MARK
Irritant (skin and eye)
Skin Sensitizer
Acute Toxicity
Narcotic Effects
Respiratory Tract Irritant
EXPLOSIVE
Explosives
Self-Reactives
Organic Peroxides
FLAMMABLE
Flammables
Self Reactives
Pyrophorics
Self-Heating
Emits Flammable Gas
Organic Peroxides
GAS CYLINDER
Gases Under Pressure
OXIDIZER
Typically releases oxygen in a
chemical reaction – aids in the
combustion of flammable materials
!
Chemical Hazards & SymbolsH
E
A
L
T
H
H
A
Z
A
R
D
S
P
H
Y
S
I
C
A
L
H
A
Z
A
R
D
S
Select Chemical Hazard Definitions
Sensitizer –
may cause an allergic reaction after repeated exposures
Mutagen –
may cause mutations in DNA
Teratogen -
may cause defects in developing embryos
Corrosive -
may cause destruction of living tissue and
metal
Lachrymator -
irritant that causes eyes to water
NFPA Fire Diamond• Alternate form of hazard communication
• NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
Routes of Chemical Exposure
Absorption
through the skin or eyes
Ingestion
through the skin or eyes
Inhalation
vapors, gases, mists, particulates
Injection or skin penetration
skin is punctured by contaminated objects
Toxicity Terms
Acute Toxicity
Relatively high dose over a short period of time (mins, hrs, days)
Chronic Toxicity
Low dose over an extended period of time (usually 1+ years)
LD50 (Lethal Dose, 50%) - Found on MSDS
The amount of material that kills 50% of the treated animal test population.
Usually expressed as: mg chemical
kg body weight
LC50 (Lethal Concentration, 50%) – Found on MSDS
The concentration of inhaled material that kills 50% of the treated animal
test population.
Usually expressed as: parts per million (ppm, mg/L)
If the LD50 is 495 mg/kg,
a 175 lb person would have to consume 39 g
(the approx. weight of 2 AA batteries) to risk a
50% chance of death.
Excerpt from MSDS for Ammonium persulfate
Exposure Control
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -
Eyewear
Approved safety goggles must be worn at all
times in the lab when any chemical handling
is being conducted (by you or anyone else).
• Chemical splash goggles are required
• vented or un-vented
• Prevents chemical splashing/ aerosolized
chemical particulates from entering eyes
• Prevents you from transferring chemical
residue from your hands to your eyes
Contacts are not recommended
Safety glasses are not sufficient
Clothing is the primary protection between a chemical spill and your skin.
Consider wearing older clothes and shoes as they may get damaged/ stained during lab.
Open-toed shoes are prohibited
Long hair shall be tied back
Do not wear baggy clothing or loose jewelry
Lab coats/ disposable aprons are recommended
Wear long pants to protect your legs from spills
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) -
CLOTHING
Use gloves during all handling of hazardous chemicals
Remove and replace your gloves when visibly contaminated.
Make sure your glove is compatible with the material you are handling (nitrile vs latex).
Seek alternative glove material if you have or develop an allergy to latex
Remove your gloves in such a manner to avoid touching the contaminated surface.
Wash your hands after glove removal.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) -
GLOVES
Fume Hoods
Fume hoods are designed to pull toxic vapors away from the user.
The sash should be open only during the loading/ unloading of chemicals and equipment.
The sash should be lowered while working in the hood:
• Maximizes airflow
• Acts as a barrier/ shield
Hoods should be kept clean and should not be used as a chemical storage area.
The sash should be left completely lowered when not in use
Refer to the “Chemical & Biological Safety Manual” – Section 18
Fume Hood Operation
Open sash to
load/ unload
Pull latch
and gently
lower sash
Hood is lowered
into the “working
position”
Fume Hood OperationSash down when not in use Sash Lifted
to stopper to
load/ unload
Sash
lowered into
the “working
position”
Laboratory Etiquette
Laboratory Etiquette
Do not play tricks or indulge in horseplay
No eating, drinking, gum-chewing, applying make-up or lip balm
Leave all food and drinks outside of the lab
Maintain a clean and orderly work area
No unauthorized experimentation
Do not pipette by mouth
Never work alone
Laboratory Etiquette
Listen carefully and follow instructions
Never pour chemicals down the drain
Dispose of chemicals in the correct waste
bottle
Report broken thermometers immediately
If you are unsure of a procedure or
instruction - Please ask!
Laboratory Etiquette –Cell Phone
Refrain from cell phone use, keep your cell
phone in your pocket or bag.
Do not place your cell phone on the
benchtop.
It is unwise to use a cell phone with
contaminated gloves/ hands.
Watches, clocks and calculators are
recommended tools in the lab.
Accident Response & Reporting
Accident Response - Chemical Spills
All chemical spills should be reported
immediately to your instructor.
Any spills generated during lab must
be cleaned before you leave lab.
Spill clean-up kits are located in the
prep rooms.
Accident Response – Safety Shower
If a chemical is spilled on a small portion of the body, immediately wash the affected area with soap and water.
• Read MSDS sheet for more information
If the spill is covering a large portion of
the body, the safety shower should be used.
• Pull the triangular handle to activate shower
• Remove affected clothing
• Shower for a minimum of 15 minutes
• Non-affected students should be evacuated
• Contact emergency personnel by either 911 or Campus Police – 227-7301
Accident Response - Eyewash
In the event that a chemical or particulate splashes into the eyes:
Immediately use an eye wash station to flush the eyes for a minimum of 15 minutes
Keep the eye lids open using your hands to ensure adequate flushing of the eyes
Please guide your lab partner to the eyewash or safety shower, if necessary.
Contact emergency personnel by either 911 or Campus Police – 227-7301
Broken Glassware / Sharps Disposal
In the event of broken or cracked glass -
immediately notify your instructor
Discard broken glass into an approved glass disposal box (top photo)
Dispose of sharps (needles, scalpels, etc.) into rigid plastic “sharps” containers (bottom photo)
Use tongs or a hand-broom to pick up broken glass -do not use your hands
Do not overfill glass or sharps containers, fill to ¾ full
Do not retrieve items from glass or sharps containers
Refer to the “Chemical & Biological Safety Manual” –Section 17
Safety Equipment
MSDS
Accident Forms
First Aid Kit
Safety Shower
Fire
Extinguisher
Fire
Blanket
Eyewash
Eyewash
Safety Shower
Natural Sciences
Stillwell
Fire
Extinguisher
Fire Exit
Safety Equipment
Fire
Extinguisher
Fire
Exit
Fire Blanket
MSDS
Gas Shut-off
First
Aid Kit
TelephoneSafety Shower
Fire
Exit
Eyewash
Mercury Spill Kit
Stillwell
Stillwell
Fire Safety
Know the locations of:
• Fire exits
• Fire alarms
• Fire extinguishers
If someone is on fire:
• Use the safety shower
and/or
• Use the fire blanket
• Wrap the fire blanket around the affected
person
• STOP, DROP & ROLL
Fire Safety
For large or uncontainable fires• Turn off all ignition sources
• Pull the fire alarm and evacuate the building
For small fires, use a fire extinguisher
Accident Reporting
If an accident occurs in lab an accident report form must be completed.• Major accidents
• Minor accidents
• Cuts/ Burns
• Near-misses
Documenting accidents allows us to improve our processes.
Available in each teaching lab, prep room and outside of NS-202
Accident Reporting
Accident reports are to be completed by the instructor or teaching assistant and submitted to room NS211 (Wes Bintz)
Response options include:
• First-aid treatment
• Health Services
• Ambulance
Please assess the seriousness of the accident and respond appropriately, the health and safety of the affected person is the priority.
All accident reports are reviewed by:
• Department Head
• Research Operations Manager
• Safety Committee
Students enrolled in teaching labs may stop here and
proceed to the video titled:
“Eye Safety in the Chemistry Lab”
For more information regarding lab safety at WCU, visit:
http://www.wcu.edu/11808.asp
The next section of this presentation - “Chemical
Management,” is designed for:
• Undergraduate Researchers
• Graduate Students
• Faculty and Staff
End of the General Lab Safety Portion
Chemical Management
Chemical Management – NS202 Stockroom
All items being checked in or out of the stockroom including chemicals, supplies & hazardous waste are to be recorded on the “Transaction Log.”
If you transfer a portion of a stock chemical to a reagent bottle while in the stockroom, check “borrow” and “return” on the same line. Include the amount taken.
Please return items to the “Return Bin,” do not reshelf.
If you need stockroom access, visit NS211 (Wes Bintz) or the Chemistry & Physics Department Office.
5/9
5/9
5/10
X
X
X
X
8 15 mL Centrifuge Tubes
Sodium Thiocyanate 100988 Fisher ST 404 CHEM 140
4 LFlammable Organic Waste ST 419 Research
NA Falcon NS208 CHEM232X
Please order
Polystyrene
5/10Europium chloride Your Name NS217 ResearchXX 20g 100412 Sigma
Bottle didn’t
leave the room X
NA NAYour Name
Your Name
Your Name
Chemical Management – NS202 Stockroom
All items
Chemical Management – Labeling
Label chemical reagent containers before the chemical is added.
Label small vials and test-tubes as a group.
If you are transferring a chemical from a stock container to a different container, label the new container with the following information:
Chemical Name (written out)
• Do not use the formula
Concentration
Date
Any known hazards (flammable, etc.)
PPE Required (if known)
Purpose
Example: (CHEM140)
Your initials
95% Ethanol
45/4/12
CHEM140
WB
XX
X
Never carry more than one chemical in each hand
Wear gloves and eye protection during transport
Use the items below to transport multiple chemicals
Chemical Management – Transportation
Approved
dewar for
Liquid
Nitrogen
A cart with
containment
walls
Plastic binRubber caddy
Chemical Management – Storage
Never store oxidizers with flammables.
Store acids and bases separately.
Chemicals not in use should be securely capped
Use a matching screw-threaded lid
Avoid using stoppers
Parafilm and watch-glasses are not acceptable
Do not store chemicals on the floor.
Store chemicals in secondary containment.
Store chemicals no higher than eye level.
Refer to the “Chemical and Biology Manual” Section 9 for maximum container size and quanitities of chemicals allowed in labs.
Secondary Containment
Chemical Management – Waste
Leave 10% of headspace in the waste bottle to allow for expansion and ease of pouring.
Only combine compatible wastes to avoid undesired reactions.
Replace the waste label if has become illegible.
Avoid reagent bottles, beakers, flasks, etc. for waste collection.
Label the container prior to adding the chemical.
Improperly labeled waste is considered “unknown” and is much more difficult and costly to dispose of.
Waste classes:• Flammables
• Toxics/ Poison
• Corrosives (pH <2, >12.5)
• Oxidizers
• Reactives
• N.O.S. “not otherwise specified”
Chemical Management – Waste Labeling
Requirements
5/4/12
Acetone, copper sulfate, hydrochloric acid
CHEM140
WB
The date the waste
was “started”
Class or Lab Origin
ST403
Your initials
All contents
The words “waste” or
“hazardous waste” must
be written on the label
Chemical Management – Waste Storage
The 4 “L’s” of chemical waste management:
Lids:
Keep containers tightly closed
Ok to vent containers until the end of the lab if they are in repeated use.
Labels:
Tag containers before using for collection
Leaks:
Inspect waste containers weekly for leaks
Location: Collect waste at or near point of accumulation
in a secondary container
Segregate by compatibility
Chemical Management – Waste
A chemical container is legally empty
when:
• Its contents have been removed by
commonly employed practices
• No more than 1” or 1% of residue
remains (whichever is less)
Rinse empty containers, deface label
and recycle if smaller than 1 liter
• If ≥ 2.5 L, re-use for waste collection
Chemical Spill Response Kits
Located in:
NS217
NS202
ST403
ST412
HCl
Absorbent
pads
Mercury Spill Kit
Sodium Bicarbonate
Vermiculite
Gloves &
Apron
Labels
Quick reference guides:
Spill clean-up
Chemical Incompatibility
Glove Compatibility
Accident Report Form
Compressed Gas Cylinder Safety
Sign in/ out gas cylinders on the Gas Cylinder Transaction Log located near the gas cages
(NSG near elevator, NS 2nd floor near elevator)
Compressed gases are under very high pressure ~2200psi.
Use gas cylinders in a well ventilated area.
Leaking gas cylinders can displace enough oxygen to cause asphyxiation.
Verify contents of a gas cylinder by reading the label.Do not trust the tag or color
Never use teflon tape on gas regulator threads.
Before handling gas cylinders, it is recommended to read the MSDS
MSDSs for gases are located near the gas cage
Compressed Gas Cylinders
Movement & Storage
Most gas cylinder-related injuries occur while transporting.
Use a cylinder cart with chain when moving gas cylinders.
Never move a gas cylinder without the cap in place.
Gas cylinders must be secured at all times.
Store oxygen at least 20’ from flammable gases.
“Chemical & Biological Safety Manual” – Section 11
Dry Ice and Liquid Nitrogen
Liquid nitrogen (LN2) has a boiling point of -196°C.
Dry ice converts directly to CO2 gas at -78°C.
Never handle dry ice or LN2 with bare hands.
• Use loose-fitting cryogenic gloves
Always use appropriate eye protection.
Do not use or store dry ice or LN2 in confined areas.
Never place LN2 on tile or laminated counters.
Never store LN2 in a sealed, airtight container.
Dewar
Dry Ice and Liquid Nitrogen
Cryogenic HazardsCold contact burns
Asphyxiation
Explosion
• Pressure
• Chemical
First AidIn case of exposure to LN2 or dry ice:
• Remove any clothing that is not frozen to the skin.
• Do NOT rub frozen body parts because tissue damage may result.
Obtain medical assistance as soon as possible
Place the affected part of the body in a warm water bath (not above 40°C).
Never use dry heat.
Training for Specific Instrumentation or
Hazards
The operation of instrumentation or equipment
requires training with the Instructor/ Specialist
Autoclave Training is required due to the potential
burn hazard
Blood Borne Pathogen/ Biosafety Training is
required when working in a Biosafety Level 2
lab
Research Training with the Principle Investigator/
Lab Manager is required prior to lab work to
discuss the safety equipment, required PPE
and the standard operating procedures for the
specific research lab
Resources:Jon MaddyDirector of Safety and Risk Management(828) 227-7443
Wes Bintz
Research Operations Manager
(828) 227-2270
Please proceed to the videos:
“Eye Safety in the Chemistry Lab” &
“Experimenting with Danger”
