Grade 4

Social Studies

Unit: 07

Lesson: 01

Suggested Duration: 3 Days

Grade 04 Social Studies Unit 07 Exemplar Lesson 01: The Republic of TexasGrade 04 Social Studies Unit 07 Exemplar Lesson 01: The Republic of Texas

This lesson is one approach to teaching the State Standards associated with this unit. Districts are encouraged to

customize this lesson by supplementing with district-approved resources, materials, and activities to best meet the needs

of learners. The duration for this lesson is only a recommendation, and districts may modify the time frame to meet

students’ needs. To better understand how your district may be implementing CSCOPE lessons, please contact yourchild’s teacher. (For your convenience, please find linked the TEA Commissioner’s List of State Board of Education

Approved Instructional Resources and Midcycle State Adopted Instructional Materials.)

Lesson Synopsis

Students describe the successes, problems, and the organization of the Republic of Texas and how it affects Texans

today.

TEKS

The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) listed below are the standards adopted by the State Board of

Education, which are required by Texas law. Any standard that has a strike-through (e.g. sample phrase) indicates that

portion of the standard is taught in a previous or subsequent unit. The TEKS are available on the Texas Education

Agency website at http://www.tea.state.tx.us/index2.aspx?id=6148.

4.3 History. The student understands the importance of the Texas Revolution, the Republic of

Texas, and the annexation of Texas to the United States. The student is expected to:

4.3C Identify leaders important to the founding of Texas as a republic and state, including

José Antonio Navarro, Sam Houston, Mirabeau Lamar, and Anson Jones.

4.3D Describe the successes, problems, and organizations of the Republic of Texas such as

the establishment of a constitution, economic struggles, relations with American

Indians, and the Texas Rangers.

4.6 Geography. The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data. The

student is expected to:

4.6A Apply geographic tools, including grid systems, legends, symbols, scales, and compass

roses, to construct and interpret maps.

4.8 Geography. The student understands the location and patterns of settlement and the

geographic factors that influence where people live. The student is expected to:

4.8B Describe and explain the location and distribution of various towns and cities in Texas,

past and present.

4.15 Government. The student understands important ideas in historical documents of Texas and

the United States. The student is expected to:

4.15A Identify the purposes and explain the importance of the Texas Declaration of Independence, the Texas

Constitution, and other documents such as the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty.

4.15B Identify and explain the basic functions of the three branches of government according

to the Texas Constitution.

4.17 Citizenship. The student understands the importance of active individual participation in the

democratic process. The student is expected to:

4.17D Identify the importance of historical figures and important individuals who modeled active participation in the

Last Updated 05/07/13

Print Date 06/20/2013 Printed By Karen Johnson, MIDLAND ISDpage 1 of 15  

democratic process such as Sam Houston, Barbara Jordan, Lorenzo de Zavala, Ann Richards, Sam Rayburn,

Henry B. González, James A. Baker III, Wallace Jefferson, and other local individuals.

4.20 Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of science and

technology on life in Texas. The student is expected to:

4.20A Identify famous inventors and scientists such as Gail Borden and his contributions.

Social Studies Skills TEKS

4.21 Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use

information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology. The

student is expected to:

4.21B Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect

relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making

generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

4.21C Organize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals,

including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps.

4.22 Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The

student is expected to:

4.22D Create written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers,

outlines, and bibliographies.

GETTING READY FOR INSTRUCTION

Performance Indicators

Grade 04 Social Studies Unit 07 PI 01

Create a folded paper graphic organizer describing the successes and problems of the presidents of Texas. Explain in writing at least

two ways the legacy of the Republic of Texas continues to impact Texas today.

Standard(s): 4.3C , 4.3D , 4.6A , 4.8B , 4.15A , 4.15B , 4.17D , 4.21B , 4.21C , 4.22D

ELPS ELPS.c.5B

Key Understandings

Leadership is crucial in creating a democratic government.

—    How did the issues, successes, and problems faced by the new republic affect the Republic of Texas?

—    How did the leadership of the Republic of Texas contribute to the creation of a democratic government?

Vocabulary of Instruction

representative government republic treaty

Materials

Refer to the Notes for Teacher section for materials.

Attachments

All attachments associated with this lesson are referenced in the body of the lesson. Due to considerations for

grading or student assessment, attachments that are connected with Performance Indicators or serve as answer

keys are available in the district site and are not accessible on the public website.

Grade 4

Social Studies

Unit: 07

Lesson: 01

Suggested Duration: 3 Days

Last Updated 05/07/13

Print Date 06/20/2013 Printed By Karen Johnson, MIDLAND ISDpage 2 of 15  

Handout: Republic of Texas Cards (1 set per group)

Handout: The Republic of Texas Issues (1 per student)

Handout: Advantages, Challenges, and Organization of the Republic of Texas (1 per student)

Handout: Advantages, Challenges, and Organization of the Republic of Texas

Teacher Resource: Advantages, Challenges, and Organization of the Republic of Texas KEY

Teacher Resource: Rubric: Campaign Poster KEY (optional)

Teacher Resource: Lesson Activities KEY

Teacher Resource: P. I. KEY

Resources

None identified

Advance Preparation

1. Become familiar with content and procedures for the lesson.

2. Refer to the Instructional Focus Document for specific content to include in the lesson.

3. Select appropriate sections of the textbook and other classroom materials that support the learning for this

lesson.

4. Preview available resources and websites according to district guidelines.

5. Prepare materials and handouts as needed.

Background Information

The era of the Republic of Texas impacted Texas today by the type of leaders it selected and the organization of its government. The

government was a representative government. The advantages and challenges faced by this nation would affect its future concerning

statehood and its participation in the Civil War.

The government of the Republic of Texas was much like that of the United States. The Texas government had a Constitution and a

representative government. The independent nation had many assets, but like any new country, it faced many problems. The Republic had

many excellent leaders who guided the nation in dealing with these problems and to eventual statehood as a part of the United States.

GETTING READY FOR INSTRUCTION

Teachers are encouraged to supplement and substitute resources, materials, and activities to meet the needs of

learners. These lessons are one approach to teaching the TEKS/Specificity as well as addressing the Performance

Indicators associated with each unit. District personnel may create original lessons using the Content Creator in the

Tools Tab. All originally authored lessons can be saved in the “My CSCOPE” Tab within the “My Content” area.

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

Instructional Procedures

ENGAGE – Making inferences based on a map

Notes for Teacher

NOTE: 1 Day = 50 minutes

Suggested Day 1 ‒ 10 minutes

1. Provide background information to review the history to this point,

reminding students that the Texans have just become independent

from Mexico. This lesson looks at the issues the new republic

faced.

Materials:

Map of the Republic of Texas

Grade 4

Social Studies

Unit: 07

Lesson: 01

Suggested Duration: 3 Days

Last Updated 05/07/13

Print Date 06/20/2013 Printed By Karen Johnson, MIDLAND ISDpage 3 of 15  

2. Review the organization of the new republic, as designed in the

Constitution and remind students it was much like that of the United

States.

3. Display a map of the new Republic of Texas following the Texas

Revolution.

4. Students analyze the map, thinking about the advantages and

issues and infer advantages and issues that may arise.

5. List student input on the issues Texans will face as a nation and

the advantages they will have. Students supply their reasoning.

Discuss.

TEKS: 4.6A, 4.8B

EXPLORE – Issues for the Republic of Texas Suggested Day 1 ‒ 30 minutes

1. Organize students into groups of three to four students

2. Distribute the Handout: The Republic of Texas Issues, on which

students’ record information about the Republic of Texas.

3. Students read about the successes, problems, advantages, and

the organization of the Republic of Texas in the textbook and other

classroom materials. Students record notes on the Handout: The

Republic of Texas Issues.

4. Teacher circulates, probing with questions, clarifying and

correcting misinformation and providing information as needed.

5. Provide each group a set of the Handout: Republic of Texas

Cards.

6. Students organize the Handout: Republic of Texas Cards into

four categories – Political, Economic, Geographic, and Socialbased on the information on the cards. (Circulate to check student

work and make sure the organization of categories is correct.)

7. Students add or adjust information on their Handout: The

Republic of Texas Issues. (Note: See Teacher Resource:

Lesson Activities KEY)

Materials:

Information about the successes,

problems, advantages, and the

organization of the Republic of Texas

Attachments:

Handout: The Republic of Texas

Issues (1 per student)

Handout: Republic of Texas Cards (1

set per group, cut apart)

Teacher Resource: Lesson Activities

KEY

TEKS: 4.3D, 4.15A 4.15B, 4.21B, 4.22D

Instructional Note:

For issues to be included: See answer

key in the Engage section, the

Handout: Republic of Texas Cards,

and issues discussed in your textbook,

which could include: debt, reliable

money, trade difficulties, borders, to

become a state or not, slavery issue,

treaties, etc.

EXPLAIN – Defend an opinion Suggested Day 1 ‒ 10 minutes continued to Day 2,

10 minutes

1. Organize students into pairs. Materials

Grade 4

Social Studies

Unit: 07

Lesson: 01

Suggested Duration: 3 Days

Last Updated 05/07/13

Print Date 06/20/2013 Printed By Karen Johnson, MIDLAND ISDpage 4 of 15  

2. Provide each student the Handout: Advantages, Challenges,

and Organization of the Republic of Texas.

3. Students circle whether they think the information about the

Republic of Texas was an advantage or challenge.

4. In a class discussion, students defend their answers using

evidence to support their answer. (The answer could be either an

advantage or a challenge depending upon how they defend their

answer.)

5. Teacher clarifies information as needed, providing information on

the issues as well as on the political figures, policies and results.

Make connections to appropriate issues facing Texas today.

6. Students can change their choice, explaining (on the form) why

they changed positions.

Completed Handout: The Republic of

Texas Issues from Explore

Attachments:

Handout: Advantages, Challenges,

and Organization of the Republic of

Texas (1 per student)

Handout: Advantages, Challenges,

and Organization of the Republic of

Texas KEY

EXPLORE – Leaders of the Republic of Texas Suggested Day 2 (continued) 30 minutes

1. Organize students into small groups of three or four.

2. Students (individually, in pairs, or in small groups) gather

information about a president of the Republic of Texas. Use the

textbook, other classroom materials, and appropriate online

materials.

3. Students create a campaign poster for one or more of the

presidents (presidents can be assigned or students can choose).

Teacher Resource: Rubric: Campaign Poster KEY is an optional

resource that may be used for this activity.

4. The poster should include:

Name of Candidate (Sam Houston, Mirabeau Lamar, or Anson

Jones)

Important issues that face the candidate and his position on

them

Campaign Slogan

Two reasons to elect him (include policies regarding the issues,

advantages, and problems)

A person or group that supported the candidate (José AntonioNavarro and Gail Borden) and why they supported

A visual (can be a drawing if printing options are limited)

A statement summarizing the leadership the candidate will

provide

A statement (sentence) that explains why this person should be

elected president.

5. Display the posters and conduct a gallery walk.

Materials:

paper (1 large piece per student)

Texas Library and Archives/Triumph

and Tragedy – Presidents of theRepublic of Texas

Attachments:

Teacher Resource: Rubric: Campaign

Poster KEY (optional)

TEKS: 4.3C, 4.17D, 4.20A, 4.21C

Instructional Note

The election poster can be created on

a large piece of paper or electronically.

The election poster can be evaluated

using the Teacher Resource: Rubric:

Campaign Poster KEY

EXPLAIN – Press Conference Suggested Day 2 ‒10 minutes continued to Day 3 ‒

20 minutes

1. Group students into 9 groups.

2. Distribute an “issue card” to each group. (Use the cards from theHandout: Republic of Texas Cards)

Materials

Handout: Republic of Texas Cards

Grade 4

Social Studies

Unit: 07

Lesson: 01

Suggested Duration: 3 Days

Last Updated 05/07/13

Print Date 06/20/2013 Printed By Karen Johnson, MIDLAND ISDpage 5 of 15  

3. The group becomes a “candidate” and 1) presents the issue, 2)provides background, 3) describes complications, and 4) and

provides a proposed resolution.

4. On Day 3, the groups present.

Instructional Note

The group may divide the issue among the

members. Homework can include student

preparation on their issue and the angle they are

presenting. Allow time on Day 3 for combining

information.

ELABORATE –Texas leaders and the issues of the Republic Suggested Day 3 ‒ 10 minutes

1. Facilitate a discussion where students synthesize their learning

and provide answers to the guiding questions and statements, with

evidence, supporting the Key Understanding

Leadership is crucial in creating a democratic

government.

—    How did the issues, successes, and problems faced

by the new republic affect the Republic of Texas?

—    How did the leadership of the Republic of Texas

contribute to the creation of a democratic government?

EVALUATE – Performance Indicator Suggested Day 3 ‒ 20 minutes

Grade 4 Social Studies Unit07 PI01

Create a folded paper graphic organizer describing the successes and

problems of the presidents of Texas. Explain in writing at least two ways the

legacy of the Republic of Texas continues to impact Texas today.

Standard(s): 4.3C , 4.3D , 4.6A , 4.8B , 4.15A , 4.15B , 4.17D

, 4.21B , 4.21C , 4.22D

ELPS ELPS.c.5B

1. Provide students one piece of unlined paper.

2. Students create a three-tab book by folding the piece of paper in

half along the length of the paper, and then fold as a trifold to

create lines students cut to create tabs. See below.

Materials:

unlined paper (1 for each student)

Instructional Note:

See Teacher Resource: P.I. KEY

Grade 4

Social Studies

Unit: 07

Lesson: 01

Suggested Duration: 3 Days

Last Updated 05/07/13

Print Date 06/20/2013 Printed By Karen Johnson, MIDLAND ISDpage 6 of 15  

Grade 4 Social Studies

Unit: 07 Lesson: 01

©2012, TESCCC 08/01/12 page 1 of 2

Republic of Texas Cards

Economic

Texas borrowed over $1 million to pay

for the war against Mexico. Texas had to

repay this debt. They did not have the

money. Texas leaders tried not to spend

money, but the debt grew.

Social

Life in Texas was much like life in the

United States. Texans owned

businesses, farms and ranches. They

did fear attacks by Mexico and Indians,

but life was good.

Geographical

Texas was a large country with a small

population. Texas gave this land away

and sold it to pay the nation’s debt. The

large area was very difficult to protect

from Mexican and Indian attacks.

Political

The Republic of Texas did not have a

capital. The capital moved around to

different towns for three years. In 1839,

Congress created a commission who

chose Austin as the permanent capital.

Grade 4 Social Studies

Unit: 07 Lesson: 01

©2012, TESCCC 08/01/12 page 2 of 2

Mexico never recognized Texas as an

independent nation, and it rejected the

Treaty of Velasco. Mexico also continued

to attack Texas until Texas became a

part of the United States.

Texas had good leaders. Sam Houston

was elected first and third president.

Mirabeau Lamar was the second

president. Anson Jones was elected the

fourth and last president.

The new government was committed to

education. President Lamar set aside 2

million acres of land to be used for public

education.

Europeans countries recognized Texas

as an independent nation. France

opened an embassy (home of an

ambassador) in Austin.

The Republic of Texas was similar to the

United States. In the Texas Constitution,

it says that representatives would be

elected, and there would be three

branches of government.

Grade 4 Social Studies

Unit: 07 Lesson: 01

©2012, TESCCC 08/01/12 page 1 of 1

The Republic of Texas Issues Record the information from the Republic of Texas cards.

The constitution of the Republic of Texas was influenced by the U.S. Constitution. It was a representative government with three branches of government. The leaders also expressed their wish to ask the United States to annex Texas.

Sam Houston was elected president twice of the Republic of Texas. He kept costs down, reorganized the Texas Rangers and organized the government of Texas. Mirabeau Lamar was elected the second president. He was known as the Father of Education in Texas.

Political

Political

POLITICAL ECONOMIC

GEOGRAPHIC

SOCIAL

Grade 4 Social Studies

Unit: 07 Lesson: 01

©2012, TESCCC 09/21/12 page 1 of 1

Advantages, Challenges, and Organization of the Republic of Texas Circle whether the information about the Republic of Texas was an advantage or challenge and explain your answer.

Information Circle One Explain Your Answer

The government of Texas borrowed over $1 million from different countries to fight Mexico. Texas had to pay this debt and they did not have the money to pay it back. Texas leaders tried not to spend, but the debt grew over time.

Advantage

Challenge

The new government was committed to education. President Lamar set aside 2 million acres of land to be used for public education. It could also be political.

Advantage

Challenge

Texas was a large country with a small population. This meant there was land to sell to settlers to pay the nation’s debt, but it was very difficult to protect from attacks by Mexico and American Indians.

Advantage

Challenge

Europeans countries recognized Texas as an independent nation. France opened an embassy (home of an ambassador) in Austin.

Advantage

Challenge

Mexico never recognized Texas as an independent nation, and it rejected the Treaty of Velasco. Mexico also continued to attack Texas until Texas became a part of the United States.

Advantage

Challenge

Life in Texas was much like life in the United States. Texans owned businesses, farms and ranches. They did fear attacks by Mexico and Indians but life was good.

Advantage

Challenge

The Republic of Texas did not have a capital. The capital moved around to different towns for three years. In 1839, Congress created a commission who chose Austin as the permanent capital.

Advantage

Challenge

Texas had good leaders. Sam Houston was elected first and third president. Mirabeau Lamar was the second president. Anson Jones was elected the fourth and last president.

Advantage

Challenge

Grade 4 Social Studies

Unit: 07 Lesson: 01

©2012, TESCCC 09/21/12 page 1 of 1

Advantages, Challenges, and Organization of the Republic of Texas Circle whether the information about the Republic of Texas was an advantage or challenge and explain your answer.

Information Circle One Explain Your Answer

The government of Texas borrowed over $1 million from different countries to fight Mexico. Texas had to pay this debt and they did not have the money to pay it back. Texas leaders tried not to spend, but the debt grew over time.

Advantage

Challenge

The new government was committed to education. President Lamar set aside 2 million acres of land to be used for public education. It could also be political.

Advantage

Challenge

Texas was a large country with a small population. This meant there was land to sell to settlers to pay the nation’s debt, but it was very difficult to protect from attacks by Mexico and American Indians.

Advantage

Challenge

Europeans countries recognized Texas as an independent nation. France opened an embassy (home of an ambassador) in Austin.

Advantage

Challenge

Mexico never recognized Texas as an independent nation, and it rejected the Treaty of Velasco. Mexico also continued to attack Texas until Texas became a part of the United States.

Advantage

Challenge

Life in Texas was much like life in the United States. Texans owned businesses, farms and ranches. They did fear attacks by Mexico and Indians but life was good.

Advantage

Challenge

The Republic of Texas did not have a capital. The capital moved around to different towns for three years. In 1839, Congress created a commission who chose Austin as the permanent capital.

Advantage

Challenge

Texas had good leaders. Sam Houston was elected first and third president. Mirabeau Lamar was the second president. Anson Jones was elected the fourth and last president.

Advantage

Challenge

Grade 4 Social Studies

Unit: 07 Lesson: 01

©2012, TESCCC 09/21/12 page 1 of 1

Advantages, Challenges, and Organization of the Republic of Texas KEY

Circle whether the information about the Republic of Texas was an advantage or challenge and explain your answer.

Information Circle One Explain Your Answer

The government of Texas borrowed over $1 million from different countries to fight Mexico. Texas had to pay this debt and they did not have the money to pay it back. Texas leaders tried not to spend but the debt grew overtime.

Advantage

Challenge

That was a lot of money to pay back. Trying to pay off past debt does not allow financing future needs of the Republic of Texas.

The new government was committed to education. President Lamar set aside 2 million acres of land to be used for public education. It could also be political.

Advantage

Challenge

Education is the foundation to a democratic government. Planning for an education system was positive action for leaders.

Texas was a large country with a small population. This meant there was land to sell to settlers to pay the nation’s debt, but it was very difficult to protect from attacks by Mexico and American Indians.

Advantage

Challenge

Advantage – Texas had a lot of land to sell for revenue and to open up to settlement. Challenge – It was difficult to protect the large area land

Europeans countries recognized Texas as an independent nation. France opened an embassy (home of an ambassador) in Austin.

Advantage

Challenge

Other countries saw and treated Texas as a country that means if Texas needed help (financial or protection), there would be people to help them.

Mexico never recognized Texas as an independent nation and it rejected the Treaty of Velasco. Mexico also continued to attack Texas until Texas became a part of the United States.

Advantage

Challenge

Due to the fact that Texas was not recognized as a country by Mexico, Mexico still attacked Texas and destroyed property.

Life in Texas was much like life in the United States. Texans owned businesses, farms and ranches. They did fear attacks by Mexico and Indians but life was good.

Advantage

Challenge

Life in Texas was good and people made a living. This led to people continually moving to Texas even though there were some problems.

The Republic of Texas did not have a capital. The capital moved around to different towns for three years. In 1839, Congress created a commission who chose Austin as the permanent capital.

Advantage

Challenge

Texas looked like and worked as a nation especially since they had a permanent capital.

Texas had good leaders. Sam Houston was elected first and third president. Mirabeau Lamar was the second president. Anson Jones was elected the fourth and last president.

Advantage

Challenge

Texas had good leaders that were making long term plans to make Texas a good place to live.

Grade 4 Social Studies

Unit: 07 Lesson: 01

©2012, TESCCC 09/21/12 page 1 of 1

Rubric: Campaign Poster

CATEGORY 5 3 1 TOTAL

Slogan

Persuasive slogan showing a relationship between candidate and his mission.

Persuasive slogan showing somewhat of a relationship between candidate and his mission.

A non-persuasive slogan showing little relationship between candidate and his mission.

Content

Content was accurate and correct showing depth of information.

Most content was accurate and correct.

Content was not accurate and correct.

Visual Visual was effective and illustrated candidate’s mission.

A visual which somewhat illustrates candidate’s mission.

There is a visual but does not illustrate candidate’s mission.

Statements

Statement shows a depth of knowledge about why the candidate should be elected president.

Statement shows some knowledge about why the candidate should be elected president.

Statement does not demonstrate knowledge about why the candidate should be elected president.

Grammar and Spelling

Follows ELAR TEKS and demonstrates good writing skills.

Follows ELAR TEKS and writing skills somewhat.

Does not follow ELAR TEKS.

25 – 16 Good Campaign 15 – 6 Working on Campaign 5 – 0 Campaign Needs to Re-Group

TOTAL

Grade 4 Social Studies

Unit: 07 Lesson: 01

©2012, TESCCC 04/24/13 page 1 of 1

Lesson Activities KEY EXPLORE – Issues for the Republic of Texas (Day 1) The Republic of Texas Issues KEY

Political

The Republic of Texas was organized very much like the United States. The Texas Constitution was stated that representatives would be elected and there would be three branches of government.

The Republic of Texas did not have a capital. The capital moved around to different towns for three years. In 1839, Congress created a commission who chose Austin as the permanent capital.

Mexico never recognized Texas as an independent nation and it rejected the Treaty of Velasco. Mexico also continued to attack Texas until Texas became a part of the United States.

Texas had good leaders. Sam Houston was elected first and third president. Mirabeau Lamar was the second presidents. Anson Jones was elected the fourth and last president.

Europeans countries recognized Texas as an independent nation. France opened an embassy (home of an ambassador) in Austin.

Economic

The government of Texas borrowed over $1 million from different countries to fight Mexico. Texas had to pay this debt and they did not have the money to pay it back. Texas leaders tried not to spend but the debt grew over time.

Geographic

Texas was a large country with a small population. This meant there was land to sell to settlers to pay the nation’s debt, but it was very difficult to protect from attacks by Mexico and American Indians.

Social

Life in Texas was much like life in the United States. Texans owned businesses, farms and ranches. They did fear attacks by Mexico and Indians, but life was good.

The new government was committed to education. President Lamar set aside 2 million acres of land to be used for public education. (It could also be political)

Grade 4 Social Studies

Unit: 07 Lesson: 01

©2012, TESCCC 04/24/13 page 1 of 1

P.I. KEY

1. Students lift the tab to provide the following information:

Under advantages – Students give two advantages of the Republic of Texas and the president that was part of that advantage.

Under challenges – Students give two challenges of the Republic of Texas and the president that was part of that advantage.

Under Organization – Students describe one characteristic of the government of Texas.

2. On the back, students finish this sentence summary: The Republic of Texas impacts Texas today in these ways:

___________________ and 2. ______________________.

Answers will vary. Suggestions or ideas to be developed may include the following (others may be accepted, especially dependent on materials used and classroom discussions):

The shape of Texas, boundaries

Cities established

Type of government, based largely on the U.S. government

Texas Rangers

Land set aside by Lamar for education

See also the answer key in the Engage section, the Handout: Republic of Texas Cards, and other issues, which could include: debt, reliable money, trade difficulties, borders, to become a state or not, slavery issue, treaties.