GPC 126 Physiological Psychology

GPC 126GPC 126

Physiological PsychologyPhysiological Psychology

Dean Owen, Ph.D., LPCCDean Owen, Ph.D., LPCC

METU-NCCMETU-NCC

Spring 2014Spring 2014

Micro-Micro-Structures Structures Nervous Nervous SystemSystemLecture #3Lecture #3

Lecture 3This presentation has been created to assist in the mastery of the material contained in Chapter 2 of the text

Foundations of Physiological PsychologyFoundations of Physiological Psychologyby

Neil R. Carlson

All of the material contained in the presentation is drawn from the text.

PLOsPLOsPPrimaryrimary L Learningearning O Objectives for today’s lessonbjectives for today’s lesson

1. Describe the fundamental parts of a neuron2. Explain the term action potential and how it

relates to neural transmission3. Recall the structures involved in producing and

receiving neurotransmitters.4. Describe the role and function of glial cells5. Recall the various components of the human

nervous system and what each controls.6. Describe the function of the blood/brain barrier.

Plan for the day

2. Review the fundamental anatomy and physiology of the micro-structures of the CNS

1. Review basic components of the human nervous system

3. Describe the process of neural communications

Review of some basic termsCell: basic unit of life….

Review of same basic termsGroups of cells are called tissue

Muscle tissue

Brain tissue

Lung tissue

Review of same basic termsGroups of tissues are called organs

Kidney

Brain tissue

Groups of organs are called systems

Review of same basic termsGroups of organs are called systems

Nervous system

Review of same basic termsGroups of systems are called…….

Us,You and me

HumanNervous System

Component Elements

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqvJZ1STLos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqvJZ1STLos

Human Nervous System

Central Nervous System (CNS)Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain

Spinal Chord


Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Composed of nerves and nerve pathways that can be grouped according to function…..

Motor Neurons: Mediating voluntary muscular movement

Autonomic Nervous System (visceral or involuntary control)

Enteric Nervous System (controlling digestion)



Motor Neurons: Motoneurons extend outwards from the CNS for the purpose of controlling muscles.



Motor Neurons: Spinal Cord injury results in lose of sensation and motor control.

CervicalThoracicLumbarSacralCoccyx

Come To Live in Southern Chile



Autonomic Nervous System (visceral or involuntary control) ANS



Enteric Nervous System

(controlling digestion)

Cells of the Nervous SystemCells of the Nervous System

The Neuron

The Neuron

Definition: The basic information processing and information transmitting element in the nervous system.

4 Parts of a neuron:

Soma Dendrites Axon

Terminal Buttons

The Neuron

Definition: The basic information processing and information transmitting element in the nervous system.

4 Parts of a neuron: DSATDendrites: (from Greek word meaning “tree”) The portion of the cell that receives information from transmitting cells.Soma: The cell body with a nucleus and other structures for cellular life.Axon: a long slender tube covered in myelin that carries information from the cell body to the terminal buttons.Terminal Buttons: Structures which produce chemicals called neurotransmitters when excited by the actions potential.

DSAT

The Neuron

Basic Electricity Review

The Neuron


The Neuron


ChemistryChemistry

The Neuron

Basic Electricity Review The flow direction is from negative to positive

The Neuron


Myelin

The Neuron

Action Potential

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/animation__the_nerve_impulse.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifD1YG07fB8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIGqp6_PG6k








The Neuron

Neural CommunicationBasic Definitions

Synapse:Synapse: The junction or space between the terminal button of one neuron and the membrane of another neuron.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWrnz-CiM7A

The Neuron


Presynaptic neuron:Presynaptic neuron: The neuron which emits neurotransmitters from its terminal buttons sending the message to next neuron in the chain.

The Neuron


Postsynaptic neuron:Postsynaptic neuron: The neuron which receives the chemical message through its receptor organs in the dendrite.

The Neuron

Function and operation of neurotransmitters.

Hey Brain Sister

Neurotransmitter operation

Neurotransmitters

The Neuron

neurotransmitters. a.Acetylcholineb.Dopaminec.GABAd.Serotonine.Norepinephrinef. Glutamate

Plus many more…….

The Neuron

Supporting Cells of the nervous systems

Glia: Special cells that bind neurons together, protect them and care for them by removing dead or diseased cells, and regulate nutrients and oxygen.

The Neuron

Blood Brain Barrier: Semi-permiable barrier between blood and the brain.

1. Blood is transported throughout the body by arteries, vessels and finally by capillaries to the cells….bringing oxygen and nutrients and removing waste.…..

2. For neurons to work properly they must be surrounded by a very precise fluid mixture…..

3. The capillaries in the brain and other NS structures are different and do not allow blood to flow easily to nerve tissues…..in other parts of the body the capillaries allow blood to flow easily to cells.

The Neuron

Neuron Communication 10:30

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5cab4hgmoE

Micro-Structures

Review of Key Terms

Peripheral Nervous System: That part of the nervous system that is outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Soma: Cell body of a neuron containing the nucleus.

Dendrite: Branch like structures of a neuron that received chemical messages from the terminal buttons of adjacent neurons.

Synapse: The junction or space between the terminal button of one neuron and the membrane of another neuron.

Micro-Structures

Review of Key Terms

Axon: The long, cylindrical structure of a neuron that conveys information from the soma to the terminal buttons.

Terminal Button: The bud-like structures at the distal end of a neuron which forms the synapse with other neurons.

Neurotransmitter: A chemical released by the terminal buttons which conveys information across the synapse to adjacent neurons: 2 types, excitatory, or inhibitory

Nucleus: The structure in the soma containing the chromosomes and necessary for reproduction of the neuron.

Micro-Structures

Review of Key Terms

Glia: The supporting cells of the central nervous system which surround, bind, and care for neurons.

Astrocyte: The star shaped glial cells that provide nutrients and other substances to neurons and which regulate the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

Myelin Sheath: A coating of fatty tissue along the axon which insulates the neuron and prevents information from spreading to other neurons.

Blood Brain Barrier: The semi-permeable barrier between the blood and the brain created by the walls of the brains capillaries.

Micro-Structures

Review of Key Terms

Homeostasis: A state of balance or the normal condition. Much of our autonomic nervous system is designed to create balance….temperature, respiration….etc.

Action Potential: Action potentials in neurons are also known as "nerve impulses" or "spikes", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its "spike train". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to "fire".

Micro-Structures

Questions?Assignment for 10 March: Come to Assignment for 10 March: Come to class with a list of three (3) potential class with a list of three (3) potential topics for your research topics for your research presentation. These will be presentation. These will be discussed in class next week.discussed in class next week.

Please watch the following video:Please watch the following video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1imN6oc_YtU

Class is over!

Harika!!

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GPC 126 Physiological Psychology