gp presentation-1

8/4/2019 gp presentation-1

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BASIC TYPES OF MEMORY ARE

RAM - Random Access Memory

ROM - Read Only Memory

Cache - A fast storage type ofmemory


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RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

READ-WRITE READ - ONLY

SRAM DRAM ROM PROM EPROM

UVPROM

EEPROM


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SAMSAM

Its SERIAL ACCESS MEMORYIts SERIAL ACCESS MEMORYSAM stores data as a series of memory cells that can only beSAM stores data as a series of memory cells that can only be

accessed sequentially (like a cassette tape) .accessed sequentially (like a cassette tape) .If the data is not in the current location, each memory cell isIf the data is not in the current location, each memory cell ischecked until the needed data is found.checked until the needed data is found.SAM works very well for memorySAM works very well for memory buffersbuffers..


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RAMcommonly known as

"MEMORY"is an acronym for

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.


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RandomRandomaccessaccess memorymemory is also called mainis also called main

memory because it is the primary memorymemory because it is the primary memorythat the CPU uses when processingthat the CPU uses when processinginformationinformation..

RAM


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RAM doesn't

retain

information

when the powerto your personal

computer is

turned off.

RAM is generally availableas megabytes or MB.

Hard Disk does retaininformation when the power to

your personal computer is turnedoff.

Hard Disk stores information ingigabytes or GB.


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IN CASE OF READ WRITE

MEMORY WE HAVE

SRAM Static Random Access Memory. DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory.


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Static RAM storage is based onthe logic circuit known as a flip-flop, which retains theinformation stored in it as longas there is enough power to runthe device.

A static RAM chip can storeonly about one-fourth as muchdata as a dynamic RAM chip ofthe same complexity

Static RAM does not requirerefreshing

Its usually much faster thandynamic RAM.

It is also more expensive. Static RAMs are usually

reserved for use in caches.

Dynamic RAMs storeinformation in integratedcircuits that contain capacitors.

Because capacitors lose theircharge over time, dynamic RAMboards must include logic torefresh the RAM chipscontinuously.

Because their internal circuit issimple, dynamic RAMs are morecommonly used than staticRAMs,

They are slower than SRAM A dynamic RAM can hold

approximately four times asmuch data as a static RAM chipof the same complexity.


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Now there are differenttypes of read onlymemory-

ROM PROM EPROM UVPROM

EEPROM FLASH MEMORY

EPROM

UVPROM EEPROM


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ROM

ROM is an acronym for read-only memory. A ROM is permanent if the information cannot be changed - once the

ROM has been created, information can be retrieved but not changed.

A word can be read by specifying the address but the content of the wordcannot however be altered. Reading from the content of the ROM is non-destructive. ROM is used to store items that the computer needs to execute when it is first

turned on.


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PROM

PROM, acronym for programmable read-only memory. Its a type of read-only memory (ROM) that allows data to be written into the

device with hardware called a PROM programmer.

After a PROM has been programmed, it is dedicated to that data, and it cannotbe reprogrammed. Because ROMs are cost-effective only when produced in large volumes,

PROMs are used during the prototyping stage of the design. New PROMs can be created and discarded as needed until the design is

perfected.


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EPROM

EPROM, acronym for erasable programmable read-only memory.

Also called reprogrammable read-only memory (RPROM). EPROM's are nonvolatile memory chips that are programmed after they

are manufactured.

EPROM's are a good way for hardware vendors to put variable orconstantly changing code into a prototype system when the cost of producingmany PROM chips would be prohibitive.


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EPROM's differ from PROMs in that they can be erased,generally by removing a protective cover from the top of the chippackage and exposing the semiconductor material to ultraviolet light,

and can be reprogrammed after having been erased. Although EPROM's are more expensive than PROMs, they can

be more cost-effective in the long run if many changes are needed. .


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EEPROM

This is an acronym to Electrically Erasable ProgrammableRead Only Memory.

In this type electrical pulses are used to erase the PROM This one is more dominant as it is more convenient as compared to

other PROMs


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UVPROM

In this a strong beam of shining ultraviolet light is used to erasethe ROM

After the ROM is exposed to UV light all bits are erased andbecomes equal to zero.


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FLASH MEMORY

A variant of EEPROM is called flash memory They are random access memory They are non-volatile. They are slow write fast read memories. Data written in them can be overwritten. They are compact. Their price /per bit is rapidly reducing.


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Cache , an area of memory that holds frequently accessed data orprogram instructions for the purpose of speeding a computersystem's performance.

A cache consists of ultra fast static random-access memory(SRAM) chips, which rapidly move data to the central processingunit .

The process minimizes the amount of time the processor must be idle

while it waits for data.

CACHEMEMORY


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This time is measured in a clock cycle, which is the equivalent intime to a bit in data.

T

he effectiveness of the cache is dependent on the speed of the chipsand the quality of the algorithm that determines which data ismost likely to be requested by the processor


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PRESENTED BY:

Shivam Behl

Shikha Guaba

Shasanka SahooSiddharth

Sunil Kumar

Saurab Singh

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gp presentation-1