Gp 11 – Security General

SUPERINTENDENT’s MANUAL ”Super-Man”

Part II - Technical Part

Main Group 1 – General Items

Gp 11 – Security General

"Super-Man"/Basic Edition/Part II Copyright NSA

SUPERINTENDENT’s MANUAL PART II - TECHNICAL PART Table of Contents Page 11 SECURITY GENERAL 1 110 GENERAL 1 110.0 General Guidelines 1 110.01 Abbreviations 1 110.1 International Guidelines and Regulations 2 110.10 General 2 111 SHIP SECURITY PLAN 3 111.0 General Guidelines 3 112 SECURITY OFFICERS 4 112.0 General Guidelines 4 113 TRAINING AND DRILLS 4 113.0 General Guidelines 4 114 SECURITY ALARM 4 114.0 General Guidelines 4 115 SEAFARERS’ IDENTITY DOCUMENTS 4 115.0 General Guidelines 4 116 SURVEY/VERIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION 5 116.0 General Guidelines 5 117 CARGO CONTROL, CONTAINER SECURITY 5 117.0 General Guidelines 5 118 OTHER RELATED REQUIREMENTS 5 118.0 General Guidelines 5 118.1 Automatic Identification System (AIS) 5 118.10 General 5 118.2 Ship Identification Number 6 118.20 General 6 118.3 Continuous Synopsis Record 6 118.30 General 6 119 NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 6 119.0 General Guidelines 6


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11 SECURITY GENERAL 110 GENERAL 110.0 General Guidelines Group (Gp) 11 contains the following Sub-Groups (SGps): * 110 - General * 111 - Ship Security Plan * 112 - Security officers * 113 - Training and drills * 114 - Security alarm * 115 - Seafarers’ Identity Documents * 116 - Survey/verification and certification * 117 - Cargo control, container security * 118 - Other related requirements * 119 – National requirements As a consequence of the terrorist attacks in US on 11 September 2001, several initiatives were taken to improve the security and reduce the risk of future terrorist actions. In this context, ships and ports are critical elements in terms of the threats outlined below. Firstly, ships by themselves may be attractive targets for terrorists, in particular larger cruise vessels with thousands of passengers, as well as large tankers, including gas- and chemical carriers, which may cause enormous environmental damages. Besides, both fixed and floating offshore installations may be targeted due to the great economic and environmental consequences involved. Secondly, ships may be used as “vehicles” to create large damages and obstructions to ports and canals. A ship being wrecked in a dock in the Panama Canal will be blocking or severely reducing the traffic in this important seaway for a long period of time. And thirdly, ships may be used to smuggle terrorists and weapons into a country. Because of this, a wide range of processes have been launched nationally, regionally and internationally to review existing rules and guidelines, in order to revise these as required to better meet the terrorist threat. 110.01 Abbreviations * AIS : Automatic Identification System * Company : Entity responsible for technical operation of the ship as defined in the ISM Code * ICS : International Chamber of Shipping * ILO : International Labour Organization * IMO : International Maritime Organization * ISF : International Shipping Federation


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* ISM Code : International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and

for Pollution Prevention (International Safety Management Code) * ISPS Code : International Ship and Port Facility Security Code * MSC : Maritime Safety Committee (of IMO) * SOLAS : Safety of Life at Sea Convention 110.1 International Guidelines and Regulations 110.10 General Already in November 2001, International Chamber of Shipping published “Guidance for shipowners, ship operators and masters on the protection of ships from terrorism and sabotage”. This maritime threat is, however, not new. Early in the 80'ties terrorists attacked the cruise ship “Achille Lauro” in the Mediterranean and one passenger was killed. As a consequence of this, IMO adopted in September 1986 MSC/Circ.443 “Measures to prevent unlawful acts against passengers and crews on board ships”, and the cruise industry has introduced a wide range of measures to mitigate the terrorist threat. In July 1996, IMO issued MSC/Circ.754 “Passenger ferry security” to supplement the previous guidelines also to cover passenger ferries. Both circulars give guidelines to establish Ship and Port Security Plans. It should also be mentioned that international shipping throughout times have been subjected to piracy and armed robbery, and both IMO and the industry have developed guidelines to protect ships against this threat. Many of these measures are also relevant in relation to the terrorist threat. Particular reference is made to the publication “Pirates and Armed Robbers: A Master's Guide”, published by ISF/ICS. For ordering, ref the ICS/ISF web site at www.marisec.org. Basically, in order to meet the terrorist threat, three primary categories of measures need to be addressed: 1. To prevent terrorists from entering the ship, including under disguise as crew,

passengers or port personnel.

2. To prevent weapons to be taken on board, hidden in the cargo or otherwise.

3. To know the identity and status of ships intending to call upon a port. In order to ensure the most effective protection of international shipping against the terrorist threat, IMOs Assembly decided in November 2001 to develop, as a matter of high priority, mandatory international measures for ships on international voyages and port facilities serving such ships. IMOs Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) coordinates the work and the aim is to adopt new regulations to the SOLAS Convention at a Diplomatic Conference in December 2002. (Note: The new regulations were adopted 12 December 2002).


http://www.marisec.org/

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At time of writing (2002), it is proposed to address all new security related requirements in a new Ch. XI-2 “Special measures to enhance maritime security” applicable to all passenger ships and cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards engaged on international voyages. Other provisions, mainly safety related, but with some positive contributions to enhanced security will be covered in the new Ch. XI-1 “Special measures to enhance maritime safety”, replacing the previous Ch. XI. Ch. XI-2 will make reference to a new International Code for the Security of Ships and Port Facilities (ISPS Code), which will contain a mandatory Part A and guidelines and recommendations in a Part B. The concept of the Code is based on the determination of a Security Level set by the government of the port states as one of the following three categories: * Security Level 1: Minimum protective measures must be maintained at all times. * Security Level 2: Appropriate additional measures must be maintained as a result of

heightened probability of a security incident.

* Security Level 3: Further specific measures must be maintained when a security incident is probable or imminent.

For ships, the following activities shall be carried out as relevant for the various levels according to the guidelines in Part B of the ISPS Code: 1. Ensuring the performance of all ship security duties

2. Monitoring restricted areas

3. Controlling access to the ship

4. Monitoring of deck areas and areas surrounding the ship

5. Controlling the embarkation of persons and their effects

6. Supervising the handling of cargo and ship's store; and

7. Ensuring that port-specific security communication is readily available 111 SHIP SECURITY PLAN 111.0 General Guidelines It is proposed that all ships must establish a Ship Security Plan describing the procedures and methods to apply to carry out the activities 1-7 listed above for the defined Security Level. As a basis for developing the Ship Security Plan, an initial Ship Security Assessment, including an on-scene security survey, shall be carried out. Further details and guidelines will be given in Part B of the new ISPS Code.


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Furthermore, port facilities will be required to establish Port Facility Security Plans, and the Ship Security Plans must be coordinated with the plans of the ports being visited. 112 SECURITY OFFICERS 112.0 General Guidelines The Company (as defined in the ISM Code) shall designate a Company Security Officer with duties and responsibilities as described in general terms in the new ISPS Code. The Company may, depending on the number or types of ships, designate more than one person. A Ship Security Officer shall be designated on each ship with duties and responsibilities as defined in general terms in the ISPS Code. This function does not require establishing new positions as it can be combined with other, existing positions. 113 TRAINING AND DRILLS 113.0 General Guidelines Both the Company Security Officer(s) and the Ship Security Officer as well as shipboard personnel having specific security duties and responsibilities shall have knowledge and receive training taking into account the guidelines in Part B of the ISPS Code. Drills and exercises shall be conducted at periodic intervals. 114 SECURITY ALARM 114.0 General Guidelines All ships shall be fitted with a ship security alarm according to a performance standard to be developed by IMO. An activation point shall be fitted at the bridge and at least at one other location. 115 SEAFARERS’ IDENTITY DOCUMENTS 115.0 General Guidelines In order to reduce the risk of falsifying the identity of seafarers, it has been proposed to require the issuing of more foolproof identity documents. There is general agreement to support this and ILO has been given this task as part of a revision of ILO Convention No. 108 on Seafarers' Identity Documents.


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116 SURVEY / VERIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION 116.0 General Guidelines Ships shall be subject to surveys/verifications as a basis for the issuance of an International Ship Security Certificate. The Flag State is responsible for this, but can delegate it to a recognised security organisation. 117 CARGO CONTROL, CONTAINER SECURITY 117.0 General Guidelines Various proposals have been submitted to ensure that explosives/bombs and other terrorist weapons are not being carried in the cargo, in particular not being hidden in containers. Such measures include verification of the contents upon loading and sealing of the container, as well as additional security measures to avoid unauthorised access to the container and somebody tampering with the seal during the transportation phase. 118 OTHER RELATED REQUIREMENTS 118.0 General Guidelines In addition to the specific security requirements to be specified in Ch. XI-2 of SOLAS, other provisions, primarily related to safety and fighting sub-standard shipping, have been proposed implemented prior to the original schedule or added. 118.1 Automatic Identification System (AIS) 118.10 General In December 2000, MSC adopted a revised Ch. V to SOLAS including Reg.V/19, requiring that all ships of 300 gross tonnage (GRT) and upwards engaged on international voyages and cargo ships of 500 GRT and upwards not engaged on international voyages, as well as passenger ships irrespective of size, shall be fitted with an automatic identification system (AIS). The implementation period was decided according to a given time schedule, starting with all ships constructed on or after 1 July 2002 and ending with ships not engaged on international voyages, constructed before 1 July 2002, not later than 1 July 2008. The purpose of this requirement was to facilitate identification of ships by a Vessel Traffic System on shore as well as by other ships in order to reduce the risk of collision and grounding. Since the identification of ships approaching a country's ports is an important element in the prevention of maritime terrorism, it has been proposed to move forward the final


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implementation date of AIS on existing ships on international voyages from 1 July 2007 by up to three years. 118.2 Ship Identification Number 118.20 General Through an amendment to SOLAS Reg. XI-1/3, it is proposed that all ships will be required to be permanently marked with its IMO number both internally on a transverse bulkhead in the engine room, and externally, in order to be seen from near-by ships or aircrafts/helicopters at low altitude. (The requirement for external marking may be limited to cargo ships only, thus excluding passenger vessels). 118.3 Continuous Synopsis Record 118.30 General A new Reg. XI-1/5 is proposed, requiring all ships to keep an updated “Continuous Synopsis Record”, containing key information including name and address of owner, charterer (if applicable) and technical manager/operator of the vessel. 119 NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 119.0 General Guidelines Some countries, and in particular USA, have introduced and may introduce further national requirements such as specific port entry conditions, in addition to the international requirements. Some of these requirements may be port specific. The port agents in the respective ports should therefore be contacted in advance in order to receive updated information of possible additional requirements.

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