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© Intersticia 2014
Government in the age of the Social Machine
Information: the Currency of the Digital Economy
29th May, 2014
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Technology
Culture
Society The Polity
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We have moved from
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To …
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To …
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And are now approaching …
© Intersticia 2014 (http://www.baekdal.com/articles/Management/market-of-information/)
Technology, People and Networks
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We can measure and map …
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We can make something out of nothing
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Information boundaries are blurring …
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We are becoming “one” with technology
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The internet is connecting everything
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Welcome to life in the panopticon
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Psychohistory in the making …
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Everything is being driven by “data”
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What if data were a person? What if we designed for data the
way we design for people?
Genevieve Bell
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The World Wide Web is
the largest “information construct” in human history
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Web Science The theory and practice of social machines
An emerging discipline which aims to understand the deeper structure of the social Web and how people are using it, not only now, but potentially in the future.
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Tim Berners Lee
Real life is, and must be, full of all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the
Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration. … The stage is set
for an evolutionary growth of new social engines
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“Government is, at bottom, a mechanism for collective action. Government 2.0 is the use of technology … to better solve collective problems at a city, state, national, and international level.”
Tim O’Reilly
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Government … from rowing
(Leanne Fry, FWO)
Government
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
Stakeholder Government
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To steering
Government
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
(Leanne Fry, FWO)
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A revolution doesn’t happen when a society adopts new tools, it happens when a society adopts new
behaviours.
Clay Shirky
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The rise of the Social Machine
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Technology input
Technology PlaDorm
Data Analysis
Machine Learning
Human input
Social Machine
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Characteristics of the social machine
1. problems are beginning to be solved by very large scale human participation via the Web;
2. there is access to, or the ability to generate, large amounts of relevant data using open data standards;
3. there is increasing confidence in the quality of the data; and
4. human-computer interfaces are becoming far more intuitive and seamless.
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Early social machines
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Social Machine Descrip0on Input Human Media0ve
Fix My Street www.fixmystreet.org
A website through which users can report potholes, broken street lights and similar problems with streets and roads to their local council or related organisaQon, and see what reports have already been made
NoQficaQon of “things requiring a4enQon” Data relaQng to problem
Data relaQng to problem
Provides geo-‐contextualised and temporally filtered list of reported incidents and things, visualised on a map for easy consumpQon
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Government
Open Data Portals
e-‐Government Web Services
ciQzen fora community engagement services
Others
The social machine “ecosystem”
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Crime mapping
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Smart cities
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Community “businesses”
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Research – SOCIAM and ANZSOG
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www.sociam.org
Objectives:
1. Understanding - the emergence of social computing
2. Seamless access to a Web of Data
3. Accountability - how to make social machines accountable and to build the trust essential to their operation.
4. Interactions – humans and machines
5. Social Machines Observatory
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Building a Web Observatory
The Web Observatory
• Brings together Web of Data and Big Data • Is about sharing
– Web 2.0: Sharing content – Web of Data: Sharing applications – Web Observatory: Sharing analytics
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Open Data Cloud!
e-Science Infrastructures!
Internet Archive!
Social Media!
Open Web Analytics!
Semantic Catalogues! Harvesting and Archival! Harmonised Access!
Harmonisation with Other Observatories!
Catalogues of Analytic and Visualisation Tools! Open Standards!
Social Innovation! Interdisciplinary!e-Science!
Novel Analysis and Visualisation Methods!
Repositories!with Authorised
Access!
Web of Observatories
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Observatory in action
• Chinese “Salt-crisis” - from humour
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Early thoughts
• The dynamic of “power” had changed
• Governments are moving towards being much more open and transparent
• Citizens are using social networks to create new businesses serving community needs
• Privacy is now front and centre …
• Understanding information – in ALL forms – is now a “basic” literacy
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Analogue Digital
Data
InformaQon
Knowledge
Wisdom
Literacy
Affordances
Experiences
Literacy
Affordances
Experiences
Quantum
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Digital Literacy
FuncQonal Skills
CreaQvity
CriQcal thinking and evaluaQon
Cultural and social
understanding
CollaboraQon
The ability to find and select
informaQon
EffecQve communicaQon
E-‐safety
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“In a time of drastic change it is the learners who inherit the future. The learned usually find themselves beautifully
equipped to live in a world that no longer exists.”
Eric Hoffer
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We are cavemen in the digital world
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References
• Web Science Trust – www.webscience.org • Web Science Australia – www.webscienceaustralia.org • SOCIAM Project – www.sociam.org • Shoshana Zuboff – “In the Age of the Smart Machine” -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff • Clay Shirky – Blog - http://shirky.com/ • Genevieve Bell – Talk at Gov 2.0 Summit 2011
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nvn_l_Vh3hw&noredirect=1
• Sherry Turkle - http://www.transparencynow.com/turkle.htm • Tim O’Reilly - http://oreilly.com/tim/ • Michael Wesch - http://ksuanth.weebly.com/wesch.html • The Machine is Us/ing Us -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gmP4nk0EOE • Douglas Rushkoff - http://www.rushkoff.com/ • www.intersticia.com/blog • Pew Internet Research - http://www.pewinternet.org/
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UK & US Governments
• Dashboards - https://www.gov.uk/performance
• Mike Bracken’s reading list - https://gds.blog.gov.uk/2014/05/22/reading-the-digital-revolution/
• Five years of open data - https://www.data.gov/agencies/five-years-open-data-making-difference/
• NYC Dept Probation design of spaces - http://biber.co/architecture/civicurban?project_id=234&project_page=overview
