India-EUWaterPartnershipCapacityBuildingworkshopon

RiverBasinmanagementPlanningandGovernance14-15June2016,NewDelhi

GovernanceregardingInter-StateWater

ResourcesManagementinIndia:

KeyManagementIssues

SKSharmaSr.JointCommissioner

MoWR,RD&GR

OverviewofPresentaQon� WaterAvailabilityIssues

� ConstitutionalandLegalIssues� WaterAllocationIssues

�  InitiativesoftheMoWR,RD&GR

� Comparison

�  Impressions

� World’sLandArea = 2.45%

� World’sRenewable

WaterResources = 4%

� World’sPopulation = 17.85%

India

Water Resources of India

Estimatedannual

precipitation

(includingsnowfall)

4000BCM

Averageannual

potential(inrivers)

1869BCM

Estimatedutilisable

waterpotential(total)

(i)  Surface(ii)  Ground

1123BCM

690BCM

433BCM

Year 2010 2025 2050

IrrigaQon 557 611 807

DrinkingWater 43 62 111

Industry 37 67 81

Energy 19 33 70

Others 54 70 111

Total 710 843 1180

Estimated Water Demand* in BCM

* As estimated by National Commission for Integrated Water Resources Development (NCIWRD), 1999

Water Availability - INDIA

Total utilizable water resources 1123 BCM

Ground Water 433 BCM

Surface water 690 BCM

Current utilization 450 BCM ( 65% )

Current utilization 243 BCM (58%)

Total water availability 1869 BCM

Total Precipitation 4000 BCM

WaterScenarioinIndia–complexi=es&challengesHighvariabilityinspaceandtime

> 1,000 cm in north eastern region

(1100cmatMawsynram,Meghalaya)

<10cminwesternpartofRajasthan

( June to Sept. 3000 BCM (75%)

annualrainfallinfourmonths)

(Rainfallincm)

1.24 1.33 2.123.46

6.03

15.42

23.76

19.89

14.19

7.69

3.451.42

0

5

10

15

20

25

Percent

Temporal Variation of Rainfall

01002003004005006007008009001000

Winter

Monsoon

(Jan-Feb)

Pre

Monsoon

(Mar-

May

Monsoon

(Jun-Sep)

Post

Monsoon

(Oct-Dec)

Rain

fall

in m

m

All India

75%

Water Scenario in India – complexities & challenges

Reducingpercapitawateravailability

WaterScenarioinIndia–Complexi=es&Challenges

5177

2209

18201545

13411140

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1951

1961

1971

1981

1991

2001

2011

2021

2031

2041

2051

2061

Percapitawateravailabilityinm3/year

Waterstress1700m3/capita/year

Waterscarcity1000m3/capita/year

41865

21764

98028153

3343 2346 2060 1545 1396

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

GlobalVsIndia’sPerCapitaWater

Availability(m3/year/person)

World’saveragepercapita

wateravailability≈7600

Increasingdemandsofwaterforvariouspurposes

WaterScenarioinIndia–complexi=es&challenges

557611

807

43

62

111

37

67

81

19

33

70

54

70

111

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2010 2025 2050

Others

Energy

Industry

DrinkingWater

Irrigation

Year

WaterD

emandinBCM(km

3) AverageAnnual

WaterAvailability

1122BCM

710

850

1180

Unplanned development - over-exploitation of

groundwater

WaterScenarioinIndia–complexi=es&challenges

§ Totalunits5845§ Safe4280§ Semicritical522

§ Critical169§ Overexploited803

§ Saline7182 over-exploited areas

has been notified for

regulatingdevelopment&

management of ground

water.

Groundwaterstatus(2009)

InadequateStorageCapacity

TotalLiveStorage

- PrePlan =16KM3

- Constructed(XIPlan) =253KM3

- UnderConstruction =51KM3

- Planned =110KM3

MaximumFeasibleStorage=450KM3

IrrigationforFoodsecurity

Major & Medium

Minor Total SW GW

Assessed irrigation potential

58.47 17.38 64.05 139.90

Irrigation potential created upto 3/2012

46.23 16.43 47.70 110.37

FoodSecurity-450MTcereal-1.7BillionPeople(2050)

¨  StatusofirrigationDevelopment

(inMha)

WaterinIndianConsQtuQon

Entry 17; State List (List II) - Water, that is to say, water supplies, irrigation and canals, drainage and embankments, water storage and water power subject to the provisions of entry 56 of List I.

- No exclusive jurisdiction States have the competence to make laws, formulate and implement plans and schemes for development of water resources for water supply, irrigation, hydropower etc. Several States have enacted different laws also. There are more than 300 Acts on water.

WhyCentralIntervenQon?

ProvisionsforCentralIntervenQon�  Entry 56; Union List (List I) - Regulation and

development of inter-State rivers and river valleys to the extent to which such regulation and development under the control of the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest

�  Entry 20; Concurrent List (List III) – Economic and social planning

�  Article 249 – Parliament empowered to make laws on matters in the State List, if Rajya Sabha resolves (but this has limitations)

ProvisionsforCentralIntervenQonArticle 262 (1): Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication

on any dispute or complaint with respect to the use, distribution or control of the waters of, or in, any inter- state river or river valley.

Article 252 - Parliament may be empowered to legislate on State

matters for two or more States by consent and such legislation may be adopted by any other State

Art 253 - Parliament has power to make any law for implementing

any treaty, agreement or convention with any other country or countries or any decision made at any international conference, association or other body

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Article 257(1) - authorizes Centre to give directions to a State

CentralLegislatureonThe two laws enacted by theUnion underArticle 262 and

Entry56ofListI:

1.  Inter-StateWaterDisputesAct, 1956(asamendedupto

1980)and

2.  RiverBoardsAct,1956.

INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTE TRUBUNALS

I. Water Disputes Tribunals – Awards finalized ü Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (July, 1980) ü  Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal – I (May, 1976) ü  Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (Dec., 1979)

II. Existing Water Disputes Tribunals ü Ravi-Beas Water Disputes Tribunal (Final award awaited. Presidential Reference pending before Supreme

Court, as such matter is sub-judice) ü  Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (Award published on 19th Feb 2013. Hearing on Further reference is going on .

Meanwhile, Special Leave Petition (SLP) filed by party States in Hon’ble Supreme Court pending and as such the matter is sub-judice. )

ü  Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT) – II (Final award notification stayed by Supreme Court. Term extended till 31st July, 2016 as per Section 89 of Andhra Pradesh Re-organisation Act, 2014) ü  Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal (under adjudication) ü  Vansadhara Water Disputes Tribunal (under adjudication)

RiverBoardsinIndiaSystematicfunctioningofdevelopmentprojectsthroughthe

ControlBoards,construct,implementandsupervisevarious

river valley projects and even day-to-day functioning of

theseprojects:

TheBhakra-NangalManagementBoard

TungabhadraControlBoard

BansagarControlBoard

BetwaRiverBoard

NarmadaControlAuthority

DamodarValleyAuthority

etc.

WaterAllocaQon� CompetingWaterUses

� NationalWaterPolicy2012

ü  Pre-emptiveneeds

ü  A portion of river flows be kept aside to meet ecological needs

followingthepatternofnaturalflowregime.

ü  Adaptation strategies in view of climate change – compatible

agricultural strategies, increasing storage,micro-irrigation techniques

(drip/sprinklermethods)

ü Asystemtoevolvebenchmarksforwaterusesfordifferentpurposes,

i.e., water footprints, and water auditing be developed to ensure

efficientuseofwater

�  StateWaterResourcesRegulatoryAuthorities

IniQaQvesofMoWR,RD&GR

� NationalWaterInformaticsCenter(NWIC)

�  InterLinkingofriver(ILR)� NationalWaterFrameworkLaw(NWFL)

� RiverBoardAct etc.

Na=onalPerspec=vePlanForWaterResourcesDevelopment

•  In 1980, the then Ministry of IrrigaQon andCentral Water Commission formulated theNaQonal PerspecQve Plan (NPP) for WaterResources Development envisaging Inter BasinWaterTransfercomprisingoftwoComponents:

§  PeninsularRiversDevelopment -16links§  HimalayanRiversDevelopment-14links

23

Proposed Inter Basin Water Transfer Links

24

1)  Additional Irrigation Potential: 35 Mha 2)  Hydro- power generation- 34,000 MW 3)  Domestic and Industrial Water supply 4)  Mitigation of Drought & Flood Control 5)  Employment Generation & Extension of Gainful

Fisheries, 6)  Pollution Free Water Transport

Benefits of ILR

Dra^NaQonalFrameworkLaw�  InviewoftheaboveMinistryofWaterResourcesinitiatedaction

forpreparationofWaterFrameworkAct.ADraftingCommittee

wasconstitutedforDraftingNationalWaterFrameworkLawon

3rdJuly,2012whichwasheadedby

Dr. Y.K. Alagh, Chancellor, Central University of Gujarat; Vice-

Chairman,SardarPatelInstituteofEconomics&SocialResearch;

Former Minister of Power, Planning Science and Technology,

GovernmentofIndia.

�  TheotherMembersoftheDraftingCommitteewere

Ø  Padma Shri Prof. N.R.MadhavaMenon, IBA-CLE Chair in

ContinuingLegalEducation,NLSIU,Banglore;

Ø  Prof.K.P.Singh,Professor,PunjabUniversity;

Ø  Ms.JyotiSharma,FORCE;

Ø  ShriVivekUpadhyay,Advocate;and

Ø  Officers fromMinistry of Water Resources, Central Water

Commission,CentralGroundWaterBoard.

ü ItproposeseighteenBasicPrinciplesforWaterManagementtobring different State legal intervenQons within a framework ofgoverning principles and alignment of exisQng legislaQons bothattheCentralaswellasStateleveltoconformtotheprinciplesandprovisionsofthisBill.

ü It proposes that every individual has a right to a minimumquanQtyofpotablewater(not lessthan25litrespercapitaperday) for essenQal health and hygiene andwithin easy reach ofthe household, whichmay be provided free of cost to eligiblehouseholds,beingpartofpre-empQveneed.

ü It proposes establishment of an independent statutory WaterRegulatory Authority by every State for ensuring equitableaccesstowaterforallanditsfairpricingonvolumetricbasis,fordrinkingandotherusessuchasagriculturalandindustrial.

SalientFeatures…..1/3

ü Itproposesthatthegroundwatershallbeprotected,conservedand regulated through appropriate laws and by adequate andefficient measures using precauQonary approach, with acQveparQcipaQonofCommunityBasedInsQtuQons.

ü ItproposesthatallwaterresourcesprojectsshallconformtotheRiver Basin Master Plan to be prepared, applicable efficiencybenchmarks and shall take into account all social andenvironmental aspects in addiQon to techno-economicconsideraQons.

ü It proposes conformance to the Service Level Benchmarks forwater supply, sanitaQon, solid waste management and stormwaterdrainage,asmaybeprescribed.

SalientFeatures…..2/3

ü Itproposesthat industriestoeitherwithdrawonlythemakeupwater or have an obligaQon to return treated effluent to aspecified standard back to the hydrologic system and to fileannual‘Waterreturns’.

ü It proposes that the appropriate Government take all possiblemeasures to synergise and integrate different developmentschemes including schemes for water conservaQon, sanitaQonand improvementofwaterquality atPanchayatorMunicipalitylevel, as the case may be, and further at sub basin and basinlevel.

ü It proposes selng up of a High Powered Commimee at theCentre and in each State for coordinaQon and policy supportmechanismbetweendifferentagenciesdealingwithwater.

SalientFeatures…..3/3

Dra^NaQonalFrameworkLaw–AcQonTaken�  TheCommitteesubmitteditsReporttotheGovernment

in May, 2013 and the same was placed before the

NationalForumofWaterResources/IrrigationMinisters

ofStates forwiderconsultationsat itsMeetingheldon

29.05.2013.

�  The same has also been circulated amongst all States/

Union Territories and related Central Ministries. The

same was also placed on the Ministry of Water

Resourceswebsite

ü Comments have been received from 8 States/UTs, 5

Central Ministries, 12 NGOs and several individuals.

These have been analyzed and issues for stakeholder

consultationhavebeenidentified.

Dra^NaQonalFrameworkLaw–AcQonTakenü  Regional consultationmeetingshavebeenplanned

for wide spread consultation with the State

Governments, NGOs, Academia/ Professionals and

Panchayati Raj Institutions to improve upon these

draftlegislationsandbringbroaderconsensus.

ü PresentlyfiveworkshopsatDelhi,Jaipur,Bengaluru,

Kolkata and Guwahati have been planned in next

threemonths.

Dra^NaQonalFrameworkLaw–AcQonTakenü  A committee is proposed to be constituted under the

chairmanship of Dr. Mihir Shah, former Member Planning

commission to examine the provisions of the Draft National

WaterFrameworkLawandDraftRiverBasinManagementBill

andsuggestchanges/modificationthereintakingintoaccount

�  Theemergingchallengesinthewatersector

�  Reuseofwastewateraftertreatment.

�  Thelikelyimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresources

�  Importanceofriverrestoration/rejuvenation

�  Watercontaminationissues

�  Sandminingasaseriouschallenge

�  ProblemsrelatedtoRivervalleysandnecessityofmaintaining

minimumflowsintheriver.

�  SynergybetweenGroundwatersectionofDraftNationalWater

FrameworkLawandDraftModelModelBillforConservation,

ProtectionandRegulationofGroundWater,2011

Comparison

DutchWaterAuthority

Rivierenland

v/s

BhakhaBeasManagementBoard

Origin

DutchWaterAuthority

Rivierenland

13thCentury

v/s

BhakhaBeasManagementBoard

1stOctober1969

JurisdicQon

DutchWaterAuthority

Rivierenland

(oneof24)covers38Municipalities

v/s

BhakhaBeasManagementBoard

Punjab,Haryana,H.P.,Rajasthan,Delhi

Manpower

DutchWaterAuthority

Rivierenland

700

v/s

BhakhaBeasManagementBoard

15,949

Mandate

DutchWaterAuthority

Rivierenland

FloodProtection,WaterMgmt,Wastewater

treatment&MuskRat

v/s

BhakhaBeasManagementBoard

Admn,OperationandMaintenenceof

Bhakhranangalandassociatedprojects

ComposiQon

DutchWaterAuthority

Rivierenland

RepresentationfromStakeholdersin

ExecutiveBoard+Others

v/s

BhakhaBeasManagementBoard

StateGovernmentOfficials

Finance

DutchWaterAuthority

Rivierenland

SeparateTaxationfromPublic+Penaltyfrom

Pollutors

v/s

BhakhaBeasManagementBoard

StateFinance/PowerGeneration

Impressions� ApplicabilityofEuropeanmodelinIndianContext

�  Storagev/sConservation� Administrationv/sMediation

�  JointVision� GrassrootsParticipation

Thanksजल बचत – जल संचय