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USSR STATE STANDARD
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY STANDARDS SYSTEM
VIBRATIONAL SAFETY
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
GOST 12.1.012-90
Official Edition
USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR PRODUCT QUALITY MANAGEMENTAND STANDARDS
Moscow
USSR STATE STANDARD
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY STANDARDS SYSTEM
VIBRATIONAL SAFETY
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
GOST 12.1.012-90
Official Edition
MOSCOW1990
© Standards Publishing House, 1990
UDC 534.1.08:658.382.3:006.354 Group T58
USSR STATE STANDARD
Occupational safety standards system
VIBRATIONAL SAFETYGeneral Requirements
GOST12.1.012- 90
OKSTU (All-Union Classification Code of Standards and Specifications) 0012
Date of introduction 01.07.90
This Standard applies to workplaces where a person is exposed to effects of vibration andto machines, equipment and technological processes as sources of vibration.
This Standard does not apply to railway rolling stock or airborne transport.This Standard establishes the general requirements for ensuring protection from vibrations
during work in branches of the national economy.The terms used in this Standard shall comply with GOST 12.0.002, GOST 16263 and
GOST 24346, or else with Appendix 1 of this Standard.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The quality and quantitative criteria and indicators of unfavorable effect of vibrationon the human-operator during work shall be established by health standards, rules and othernormative documents of the USSR Ministry of Health.
In accordance with them, the following criteria for the evaluation of unfavorable effects ofvibration shall be introduced:
criterion “safety,” ensuring non-violation of the health of the operator, evaluated byobjective indicators while taking into account the risk of appearance, stipulated by medicalclassification, of professional illnesses and pathologies, and also excluding the possibility ofthe appearance of physically threatening or emergency situations as a result of vibrations;
criterion “brink of decrease of work productivity,” ensuring the maintenance of thenormative productivity of work of the operator, not decreasing as a result of the developmentof tiredness under the effect of vibration;
Official Edition Reprinting is prohibited
p. 2 GOST 12.1.012-90
criterion “comfort,” ensuring the operator the feeling of comfortable working conditionswith the complete absence of interfering action of vibration.
The conformity of established criteria to categories of vibration in accordance with thehealth standards is specified in tab. 6 of Appendix 5.
1.2. The vibrational safety of work shall be ensured by:system of the technical, technological and organizational decisions and measures aimed to
creation of machines and equipment with low vibrational activity;system of the design and technological decisions of production processes and elements of
industrial environment, lowering the vibrational load on the operator;system of organization of work and preventive measures at plants, alleviating the
unfavorable effect of vibration on operator.1.3. The standards of vibration of machines and equipment affecting vibrational safety of
work, shall be set in specifications or other technical documentation.The standards of machine vibrations shall be ensured and guaranteed by their
manufacturers and certified by testing services, authorized to test safety indicators ofmachines.
1.4. The observation of the set vibrational load on the operator shall be certified bycalculations and/or measurements immediately at the workplace, or by other methods byagreement between the customer and the consumer.
1.5. The organization of work and the preventive measures for decreasing the unfavorableeffects of vibration at each enterprise shall be determined by the rules of vibration-safeconducting of work.
1.6. The customer and/or consumer, who has accepted the machines, equipment orenterprise for operation, shall bear responsibility for ensuring the vibrational safety of work.
1.7. For ensuring the vibrational safety of work, the effective monitoring of observation ofthe set standards and requirements shall be organized.
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR RESTRICTION OF UNFAVORABLE EFFECTOF VIBRATION ON THE OPERATOR
2.1. The effect of vibration on the human-operator shall be categorized:in accordance with the method of transferring of vibrations to the human;in accordance with the direction of action of vibrations;in accordance with the temporary characteristics of vibrations.This classification is given in Appendix 2.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 3
2.2. As factors affecting the degree and character of the unfavorable effect of vibration,the following shall be taken into account:
risks (probability) of development of various pathologies down to professional vibrationalillness;
indicators of physical stress and nervous-emotional strain;effect of concomitant factors, increasing the effect of vibration (cooling, humidity, noise,
chemical substances, etc.);duration and discontinuity of effect of vibration;duration of work shift.2.3. The indicators of a vibrational load on the operator shall be formed from the
following parameters:vibroacceleration (vibrovelocity);frequency range;time of effect of vibration.2.3.1. For health standard setting and monitoring, the square mean values of
vibroacceleration a or vibrovelocity V, as well as their logarithmic levels in decibels, shall beused.
For evaluation of the vibrational load on the operator, the preferable parameter shall bevibroacceleration.
The logarithmic levels of vibroacceleration (La), dB, shall be determined in accordancewith the formula
,10
lg206−=
aLa (1)
where a is square mean value of vibroacceleration, m•s–2.The ratios between values of vibroacceleration and and their logarithmic levels La are
given in Appendix 3.Logarithmic levels of vibrovelocity (Lv), dB, shall be determined in accordance with the
formula
,105
lg208−⋅
=V
Lv (2)
where V is square mean value of vibrovelocity, m•s-1.The ratios between values of vibrovelocity, V, and their logarithmic levels Lv are given in
Appendix 3.Note. The logarithmic levels relative to 10–6 m•s–2 exceed logarithmic levels relative to 3•10–4 m•s–2 by
50 dB.
2.3.2. The frequency range being standardized shall be established:for local vibration as octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 31;
5; 63; 125; 250; 500 and 1 000 Hz;for general vibration as octave and 1/3 of octave bands with geometric mean frequencies
of 0.8; 1.0; 1.25; 1.6; 2.0; 2.5; 3.15; 4.0; 5.0; 6.3; 8.0; 10.0; 125; 16; 20; 25; 31.5; 40; 50; 63and 80 Hz.
p. 4 GOST 12.1.012-90
2.3.3. The time of effect of vibration shall be taken to be equal to the duration ofcontinuous or cumulative effect, measured in minutes or hours.
During determination of a vibration dose, the time of effect shall be measured in secondsor hours.
2.4. Indicators being standardized of the vibrational load on the operator at the workplaceduring the process of working shall be single-numerical parameters (value corrected byfrequency of the monitored parameter, vibration dose, equivalent corrected value of themonitored parameter) or spectrum of vibrations, set by health standards of the USSR Ministryof Health.
2.4.1. Corrected by frequency value of the tested parameter )~
(U or its logarithmic level
)( ~U
L , shall be determined by the formulas:
;)(~
1
2∑=
⋅=n
i
KiUiU (3)
,10lg10 )(1.0~
KiiU LL
UL +Σ= (4)
where Ui and Lui are the square mean value of the tested parameter of vibration(vibrovelocity or vibroacceleration) and its logarithmic level in ith frequency band;n is the number of frequency bands in range being standardized;Ki and
iKL are the weight factors for ith frequency band for square mean square value
of tested parameter or its logarithmic level.The weight factors are given in Appendix 4. The application of other weight factors shall
be agreed with the USSR Ministry of Health.2.4.2. The dose of vibration (D) shall be determined by the formula
∫=T
m dttUD0
,)(~
(5)
where )(~
tU is corrected by the frequency value of the tested parameter at the moment oftime, t, m•s–2 or m•s–1;T is time of vibration effect, seconds;m is the indicator of equivalence of physiological effect of vibration, established byhealth standards or by agreement with the USSR Ministry of Health.
Equivalent corrected value (Uequ) shall be determined by the formula
m
T
DU =equ (6)
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 5
2.4.3. For expressing the vibrational load on the operator through the spectrum ofvibration, the normalizable indicators shall be the square mean values of vibroacceleration(vibrovelocity) or their logarithmic levels in octave and third-octave bands of frequencies inaccordance with clause 2.3.2.
2.5. Standard of the vibrational load on the operator shall be established for the durationof 8 hours, corresponding to the duration of a working shift, depending on temporary frame ofworking shift.
2.5.1. For constant vibration, the standard of a vibrational load on the operator shall beestablished as the normative spectral, or else corrected by frequency values of the monitoredparameter for effect of vibration during 8 hours, and also as dependence of these values uponduration of vibration effect.
If constant vibration acts with intervals, then the standard shall be established for the totalduration of the effect, taking into account the factors or corrective dependencies that take intoaccount the healing processes in an organism during resting.
Coefficients or the corrective dependencies, established in health standards or otherdocuments of the USSR Ministry of Health, shall provide for the increase of the maximumpermissible value in comparison with continuous effect of constant vibration.
2.5.2. For changeable vibrations, the standard of a vibrational load on the operator shall bethe normative values of a vibration dose or equivalent corrected value of the tested parameter.
2.5.3. It shall be allowed by agreement with the USSR Ministry of Health to establish theallowable time of effect of vibration depending upon the vibrational load on the operator as anormalizable parameter.
2.6. The standard of a vibrational load on the operator shall be established for eachdirection of vibration effect.
It shall be allowed by agreement with the USSR Ministry of Health to standardize thevibrational load along the most unfavorable direction of vibration effect (for example alongthe direction of maximum vibration) or along the resultant force of three-componentvibration.
2.7. The evaluation of vibrational safety of work shall be carried out at workplaces ofspecific types of production during the performance of substantial technological operations orstandard technological processes.
The requirements for the restriction of the unfavorable effects of vibration on the operator,set on the basis of health standards and other documents of the USSR Ministry of Health, aregiven in Appendix 5.
p. 6 GOST 12.1.012-90
3. REQUIREMENTS FOR ENSURING VIBRATIONAL SAFETY
3.1. The main method for ensuring vibrational safety shall be the creation and applicationof vibration-safe machines.
The creation of vibration-safe machines shall be provided for with the application ofmethods decreasing vibration at source, which are given in GOST 26568.
3.2. When designing and constructing buildings and industrial facilities, other elements ofindustrial environment, and also when developing technological processes, methodsdecreasing vibration along the paths of its propagation from a source shall be used inaccordance with GOST 26568.
3.2.1. During design of technological processes and industrial buildings and structures:equipment with the minimum vibration shall be selected;workplaces (areas), where staff can be exposed to effects of vibration shall be determined;the requirements for vibrational safety in accordance with health standards, and taking
into account the temporary restrictions of vibration effect, included in technological processand set in the design documentation, shall be determined;
diagrams of placement of equipment that take into account the generation of minimumlevels of vibration at workplaces shall be developed;
an estimate of expected vibrational load on the operator shall be made and specified in thedraft documentation;
building decisions about the foundations and ceilings that ensure fulfillment of therequirements of vibrational safety of work shall be made;
the necessary protection devices against vibration for equipment or workplaces that ensurefulfillment of the requirements for vibrational safety of work together with the design shall beselected and calculated.
3.2.2. During the design of building constructions, systems of equipment installation andprotection devices against general vibration at the workplace, it shall be allowed to use thestandards for amplitudes of vibrational displacement in accordance with Appendix 6.
3.3. Vibrational safety of work at the plants shall be ensured by:implementing the rules and conditions of machine operation and procedures for
technological processes, only using machines in accordance with their purpose, stipulated bytechnical documents;
maintaining the technical condition of machines, parameters of technological processesand elements of industrial environment at the level stipulated by technical documents, timelyperformance of scheduled and preventive equipment maintenance;
perfecting machine operation modes and elements of industrial environment, eliminatingthe contact of staff with vibrating surfaces outside the workplace or area by introducingfences, warning signs, warning colors, alarm system, blocking, etc.;
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 7
improving the work conditions (including decreasing or eliminating of effect of the otherunfavorable factors);
using of individual protection devices against vibration;introducing and enforcing work and rest time periods that decrease to the minimum the
unfavorable effect of vibrations on humans;health, preventive and health restoring measures, given in recommendations of the USSR
Ministry of Health and its bodies;monitoring of the vibrational characteristics of machines and vibrational load on the
operator, enforcing the requirements for vibrational safety and compliance with the measuresstipulated for the operating conditions.
Should these measures be insufficient, the methods and devices of protection againstvibration in its source and along the path of its propagation shall be used in accordance withGOST 26568.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR VIBRATIONALCHARACTERISTICS OF MACHINES
4.1. The developer of vibrational active machines shall set the standards of vibration inspecifications and technical documentation for these machines.
4.2. The standard for vibration shall be inserted into specifications for specific machinesor into standards for groups of machines.
4.2.1. In specifications and technical documentation for machines, conditions shall bespecified for which the standards of vibration and monitoring methods of the vibrationalcharacteristics (VCH) of machines are set.
4.2.2. VCH shall be standardized and monitored during manufacturing and operating ofmachines, if the vibrational load on the operator generated by them, determined bycalculation, experiment or by expert evaluations, exceeds ½ of the health standard establishedfor conditions of application of the given machine by agreement with bodies of the USSRMinistry of Health and the VTsSPS (the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions).
4.2.3. While establishing vibration standards, the technical characteristics of vibratingmachines and other factors which influence the degree and character of the unfavorable effectof vibration (for example, for manual machines this is the effort of pressing, the factor ofbeing used in different shifts [“inter-shift factor”], temperature characteristics, etc.) shall betaken into account and specified.
4.3. The vibration standards of machines shall be established in the form of maximumvalues of VCH that ensure observation of the established standards of vibrational load on theoperator when using machines in particular conditions.
p. 8 GOST 12.1.012-90
During evaluation of the vibrational safety of machines, the time of the effect on theoperator of vibrations generated by the machine shall be examined taking into account theinter-shift factor or other time schedules and indicators of the machines’ functioningconsidered to be their technical characteristics established by the specifications and technicaldocumentation, for example by restrictions on the duration of continuous operation of themachines, etc.
The recommendations for the choice of the normalizable indicators VCH and forestablishment of vibration standards of machines are given in Appendix 7.
4.3.1. For vibration safety machines, the standard of vibration shall be the allowablevibrational characteristic (AVCH).
4.3.2. For machines that are not vibration safe, the standard of vibration shall be set as thetechnically achievable vibrational characteristic (TAVCH).
Thus, the implementation of health standards established for operating conditions ofspecific machines shall be supplied with protection devices against vibration outside themachine.������ ���� �� �� ������ �� ��������� �� ��� �������� �� �� ��� ������� ����
the best analogous products, and also by expert evaluations of protection devices againstvibration used in it, restrictions of conditions of use and technical, economic andorganizational possibilities of reducing of vibration of the machine itself and outside it.
4.3.4. The standards of vibration shall be inserted in specifications and technicaldocumentation on the basis of:
results of measurements;�������� �� ����� ���� ���� �� ������comparisons with analogous products. ��� ������!���" � ��������� ������� !�� � ���� ���� ������������ ��� ��������
documentation, the plan of measures for reduction of vibration or transferring to AVCHbefore the expiry of the term of the document shall be developed.
4.4. The VCH values and date of their determination shall be inserted into thecharacteristics sheet or other document certifying quality and safety of the machines.
4.4.1. For machines that are made in single samples, the VCH values shall be inserted intothe characteristics sheet upon results of their determination on a single sample.
4.4.2. For machines of serial or mass production, the following shall be inserted into thecharacteristics sheet:
the value of VCH, obtained upon testing each machine, for total monitoring;the representative values of VCH, obtained for the tested sample of machines, for random
monitoring.4.5. The VCH requirements for manual machines, methods of their establishment and
monitoring shall comply with GOST 17770.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 9
4.6. The category of vibration set by health standards, for the technical standardizing ofsources of general vibration shall be chosen by agreement with the USSR Ministry of Healthand the VTsSPS. Reference examples of general vibration sources and their correspondingcategory are given in table 6 of Appendix 5.
5. REQUIREMENTS RESTRICTING THE TIMEOF VIBRATION EFFECTS
5.1. The restriction of time of vibration affect shall be accomplished by establishing awork schedule, implemented in the technological process for the persons in professionsexposed to vibrations.
5.1.1. The work schedule shall be established if a vibrational excess load indicator on theoperator is no less than 1 dB (1.12 times) and no more than 12 dB (4 times).
When the excess indicator is more than 12 dB (4 times), it shall be forbidden to performoperations and to use the machines generating this vibration.
5.1.2. The work schedule shall establish the requirements:for rational organization of work during shifts;for reduction of the duration of continuous vibration effect on the operator and for
inserting regular breaks (protection by time).5.1.3. The rational organization of work during shifts shall stipulate:duration of working shifts of no more than 8 hours (480 minutes);setting of two regulated intervals that are taken into account upon setting the output rate:a 20 minute long bread 1 to 2 hours after the beginning of a shift, and a 30 minute long
break approximately 2 hours after the lunch break;a lunch break no shorter than 40 minutes, approximately in the middle of a shift.The regulated intervals shall be used for active rest and for preventative medical measures
and procedures.5.1.4. The protection by time shall be ensured by implementation of a technological
process that forms the time frame of the working shift depending on the vibrational excessload indicator on the operator with a restriction of time of the vibration effect on the staffsuitable for purposes of production.
5.2. The initial version of the time frame of the working shift shall consist of the period ofwork under continuous effect of vibration during cumulative time, established by healthstandards or other documents of the USSR Ministry of Health depending on the vibrationlevel and on the period of work without vibration effects. If necessary, the time of the firstperiod can be arbitrary distributed within the shift in accordance with the technologicalprocess. If the shift task can not be performed under this work schedule, then, in order toincrease the allowable cumulative time of vibration effect during a shift, the time frame of theshift shall be based upon the use of vibrational cycles, regularly alternating the periods ofwork with continuous vibration effects with periods of rest or work free of vibration.
p. 10 GOST 12.1.012-90
Among optional versions of vibrational cycles, distinguished by quantity, differentduration and ratio of the periods of work in contact with vibration to periods without it, theone that best corresponds to the technological process shall be selected. If necessary, thetechnological process shall be reconstructed in accordance with the chosen vibrational cycle.
5.3. For specific production, the work schedule of a person exposed to vibrations shall bepart of the rules of vibration-safe work, stipulated by the administration of the enterprise withthe agreement of the trade unions and Health Inspection.
5.3.1. The implementation of the established work schedule shall be ensured by thedevelopment of technological cards or other technological documents and intermittentmonitoring of the actual time frame of a working shift.
Use of regulating devices and other special devices that ensure the work schedule inaccordance with the accepted time frame of the working shift are advisable.
5.3.2. The intermittent monitoring for observance of a set work schedule at workplacesshall be performed by the administration of the enterprise (shop, site, etc.) by methods oftime-study monitoring with inclusion of the health services and work protection services.
Monitoring shall be carried out no less often than once per year, and also upon a changeof technology, replacement of equipment affecting the choice and establishment of the workschedule, or reception of information about a change of the vibrational load on an operator.
5.3.3. The administration of the enterprise shall ensure the implementation of necessarysanitation measures stipulated by the documents of the USSR Ministry of Health and carriedout upon fulfillment of the work schedule.
5.4. In the case of local vibration effects, the work schedules shall be organized inaccordance with the recommendations given in Appendix 8.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 11
5.5. If it is impossible to introduce an inner-shift schedule of work, then other forms ofprotection by time based on safe working doses (for example work contracts) shall bedeveloped and implemented by agreement with the USSR Ministry of Health and the VTsSPS.These other standards shall be determined by taking into account the substantial vibrationalload on the operator and effects of side effects, and also the use of protection and preventionmeasures against unfavorable effects of vibration.
6. VIBRATION MONITORING
6.1. The vibration monitoring shall be performed:at workplaces during production in order to estimate vibrational safety of work;during quality monitoring of machines and technical condition of used machines and
equipment in order to estimate their vibrational safety.During monitoring of vibration, the indicator of excess of a vibrational load on the
operator shall be determined.6.1.1. The vibration monitoring at workplaces shall enable the evaluation of a vibrational
load on the operator in real production conditions.The vibration monitoring at workplaces shall performed:during certification of workplaces;periodically;by the indication (request) of health services and trade union technical inspectors.The selection of workplaces during selective tests for vibration at workplaces shall be
carried out in accordance with a method developed for specific production and coordinatedwith organizations or services, under whose indication it shall be carried out.
6.1.2. The evaluation of vibrational safety of machines shall be carried out based on themonitoring of their VCH.
The methods of the VCH monitoring of machines shall be established in specificationsand technical documentation for specific machines or for their kinds (group, types, etc.) inaccordance with the requirements of this Standard.
The quality control of machines shall be carried out during monitoring tests in accordancewith GOST 15.001, and also during certifying safety tests of the machine. The periodical testsof manual machines for VCH monitoring shall be carried out no less often than once per year.
The monitoring of the machines’ condition shall be carried out after repairs and, also,periodically.
The obligation and frequency of periodical VCH monitoring of machines during operationshall be established by the requirements of health supervision for maintenance of thevibrational safety of work.
p. 12 GOST 12.1.012-90
In case of absence in the supporting technical documentation of the machine of VCHindicators that are stipulated by specifications and technical documentation and are necessaryfor taking a decision about ensuring the vibrational safety during its operation, the VCHmonitoring shall be performed at the site of operation.
6.2. The vibration monitoring shall be carried out in conditions that replicate or imitate thestandard operating conditions.
6.2.1. The standard conditions of monitoring shall be selected from the most widespreadconditions (by time or number of events) of practical use of the monitored objects that areappropriate to their purpose and operating rules.
Conditions, under which the maximum vibration effects are applied to a worker when themachines are used as intended, shall be included as a component in standard conditions.
The schedules that replicate or imitate each cycle shall be chosen as standard for cycliccharacter of work.
6.2.2. The standard test conditions of machines shall establish:running condition of the tested machine (complete set, presence of lubricant, break-in,
fixing of the variable design parameters, properties and parameters of energy input and usedfuel, etc.);
operating modes that regulate performed technological operations, working medium orother technological loads, micro-profiles of roads, soil fertility, service roads, traveling speed,rotation of delivery, etc.
6.2.3. Means and methods of creation or imitation of standard test conditions shallestablish:
use of test stands, roads, testing grounds and other devices or operations in conditionsstipulated by specifications and technical documentation for machine operation;
statistical characteristics of micro-profiles of surface for moving transport machines;use of loading devices and simulators of a technological load or conducting of a real
technological operation;participation of the human operator or simulator of his dynamic properties.6.2.4. The standard test conditions, devices and methods of their creation, chosen for
VCH monitoring, shall be indicated in specifications and technical documentation for specificmachines or their kinds as a component of the monitoring technique.
6.3. Vibration measuring equipment shall correspond to the requirements of GOST12.4.012 and have a valid certificate of verification.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 13
6.4. The monitoring shall be carried out at points, for which the health and technicalstandards in directions of coordinate axes set by this Standard are stipulated.
It is allowed to carry out tests at other points more convenient for monitoring theworkplace, machine or body of the operator, if reliable relations are established (analyticaldependents, transfer functions, factors, corrections and other indicators) between the chosenplace of testing and the points for which the standards of vibration were established.
6.5. The means and device for fastening the vibrational inverter shall not affect thecharacter of the monitored vibration or cause testing errors.
The preferable fastener of the vibrational inverter shall be a threaded stud.The eigen frequency of the fixed vibrational inverter with fastening details shall be no
lower than 2 000 Hz when testing the local vibration and 200 Hz when testing the generalvibration.
During testing in a frequency range narrower than that specified in clause 2.3.2, the eigenfrequency shall be no less than twice the highest frequency of the tested range.
6.6. The maximum error of vibration measurements shall be no more than ±3 dB, withprobability of 0.95.
6.7. The program of the monitoring for evaluation of the vibrational safety at workplacesor VCH monitoring of machines shall contain:
characteristics of the object of measurements and the rules of its selection;monitoring conditions, under which the tests are performed;types and characteristics of test instruments used;monitored parameters of indicators of a vibrational load on the operator, or VCH of the
machine;points and directions of tests;methods of installation of the vibrational inverters;type of measuring equipment and its error;requirements for the number of observations and time of testing;technique of processing and criteria of evaluation of test results.6.8. The methods of vibration testing are specified in Appendix 9.6.9. The frequency of the monitoring of a vibrational load on the operator under effect of
local vibration shall be no less often than twice per year, and general vibration no less oftenthan once per year.
6.10. The monitoring of a vibrational load on the operator by spectral or corrected byfrequency value of the monitored parameter may be carried out using the results of thedetermination of VCH, for example using the results of tests of manual machines on stands.
p. 14 GOST 12.1.012-90
Appendix I(Reference)
TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD AND THEIR EXPLANATIONS
Table 1Term Explanation
1. Vibrational safety of work The system of quality and quantitative indicators andcharacteristics of work and elements that form its specificity,which guarantees the absence of unfavorable effects ofvibration on a human operator.
2. Unfavorable effect ofvibration on a human operator
Effects of vibration on a human operator, negatively affectinghis/her health, work capacity, comfort and other conditions ofwork and social life, and evaluated in accordance withaccepted hygienic, psycho-physiological, social and othercriteria
3. Vibrational load on theoperator
Quantitative indicator of working conditions of a humanoperator exposed to vibration effects
4. Vibrational activity ofmachines (equipment)
Tendency of machines and equipment to generate vibration,transferred under production conditions to a human operatorand/or a supporting structure
5. Elements of industrialenvironment (in vibrationalsafety of work)
Devices, constructive and other structures and industrialobjects affecting, causing or transferring vibration to theworkplace of a human operator during work. They include:foundations, supports, bridging, buildings, industrialpremises, industrial platforms and areas, roads, soil fertility,etc.
6. Vibrational characteristics Quantitative indicator of vibrational activity of a machine,established and monitored for the evaluation of its technicalproperties with the aim of ensuring the vibrational safety ofwork
7. Rules for the vibrationalsafety of work
A uniform document, establishing a complete set of rules,measures to be performed by those responsible for enforcingvibrational safety of work, and their responsibilities, forspecific workshop conditions of vibration effects on staff(from separate workplaces to typical situations in areas), inaccordance with the requirements of the specifications,technical, methodical and instructive documentation
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 15
Table 1 (Cont.)Term Explanation
8. Supporting areas of ahuman body
Surfaces of a human body, bearing the weight of the body in asitting position (buttocks) or standing position (feet)
9. Vibrational safe machine(equipment, technologicalprocess)
Vibrational active machine is a machine whose design,technology of manufacturing and operating modes ensurehealth standards of a vibrational load on the operator under allstipulated conditions of its operating, without the use ofmethods and protection devices against vibration outside themachine and without restricting the application time ofmachines during a shift
10. Vibrational excess loadon operator indicator
Difference of logarithmic levels or ratio of absolute values ofspectral or corrected by frequency indicators of a vibrationalload on the operator in specific workshop conditions andmaximum values, set by health standards for these conditions,and in the case of 8 hour working shiftsNote. When using machines that come into immediate contactwith the body (arms) of a human operator, the excessindicator may be determined by comparison of VCH of thesemachines with maximum values in accordance with the healthstandards, corresponding to conditions of monitoring of thesecharacteristics
11. Vibrationally unsafeprofession
A profession whose work conditions include vibration effectson a human operator, where the vibrational load on theoperator exceeds the maximum allowed value
p. 16 GOST 12.1.012-90
Appendix 2(Reference)
CLASSIFICATION OF VIBRATION AFFECTING A HUMAN OPERATOR
1. Vibration shall be divided into general and local, depending on the means of transfer toa human.
General vibration is transferred through supporting areas to a body of the sitting orstanding human.
Local vibration is transferred through hands of the human.Vibration affecting legs of the sitting human and forearms in contact with vibrating
surfaces of working tables may be considered local vibration.2. Vibrations shall be divided in accordance with the direction of orthogonal axes,
depending on the direction of action.For general vibration, the direction of axes X0, Y0 and Z0 and their connection with the
body of a human are shown in fig.1a. The axis Z0 is vertical and perpendicular to thesupporting area, and the axis X0 is horizontal, from the back to the chest; the axis Y0 ishorizontal, from the right shoulder to the left one.
For local vibration, the direction of axes �L, YL, ZL and their connection with the hand of ahuman are shown fig.1 b. The axis �L coincides or is parallel to the axis of the scope of avibration source (handle, lodgement, steering wheel, control lever, work object that is held byhands). The axis ZL lies in a plane, formed by the axis �L and the direction of forceapplication, and is directed along the axis of the forearm. The axis YL goes in the directionfrom the palm.
3. In accordance with the time characteristics, the vibrations shall be divided into:constant vibration, for which the spectral or corrected by frequency monitored parameter
changes during observation by no more than 2 times (by 6 dB);changeable vibration, for which these parameters change during observation by more than
2 times (by 6 dB).
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 17
Direction of coordinate axes under effect of vibration
General vibration
Position “standing” Position “sitting”
a)
Local vibration
ZL
YL
ZL
XL
on scope of cylindrical, face and similar surfaces
ZL
YLZL
XL
on scope of spherical surfaces
b)
Fig.1
Appendix 3(Reference)
RATIOS OF VALUES OF VIBROVELOCITY AND VIBROACCELERATION AND THEIR LOGARITHMIC LEVELS
1. Ratios of values of vibrovelocity, m # –1, and their logarithmic levels relative to 5 · 10–8 m · s–1 are given in table 2.
2. Ratios of values of vibroacceleration, m · s–2, and their logarithmic levels relative to 10–6 m · s–2 are given in table 3. Table 2
Units, dBLogarithmic level,aliquot to 10, dB 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
50 1.6 · 10–5 1.8 · 10–5 2.0 · 10–5 2.2 · 10–5 2.5 · 10–5 2.8 · 10–5 3.2 · 10–5 3.5 · 10–5 4.0 · 10–5 4.5 · 10–5
60 5.0 · 10–5 5.6 · 10–5 6.3 · 10–5 7.1 · 10–5 7.9 · 10–5 8.9 · 10–5 1.0 · 10–4 1.1 · 10–4 1.3 · 10–4 1.4 · 10–4
70 1.6 · 10–4 1.8 · 10–4 2.0 · 10–4 2.2 · 10–4 2.5 · 10–4 2.8 · 10–4 3.2 · 10–4 3.5 · 10–4 4.0 · 10–4 4.5 · 10–4
80 5.0 · 10–4 5.6 · 10–4 6.3 · 10–4 7.1 · 10–4 7.9 · 10–4 8.9 · 10–4 1.0 · 10–3 1.1 · 10–3 1.3 · 10–3 1.4 · 10–3
90 1.6 · 10–3 1.8 · 10–3 2.0 · 10–3 2.2 · 10–3 2.5 · 10–3 2.8 · 10–3 3.2 · 10–3 3.5 · 10–3 4.0 · 10–3 4.5 · 10–3
100 5.0 · 10–3 5.6 · 10–3 6.3 · 10–3 7.1 · 10–3 7.9 · 10–3 8.9 · 10–3 1.0 · 10–2 1.1 · 10–2 1.3 · 10–2 1.4 · 10–2
110 1.6 · 10–2 1.8 · 10–2 2.0 · 10–2 2.2 · 10–2 2.5 · 10–2 2.8 · 10–2 3.2 · 10–3 3.5 · 10–2 4.0 · 10–2 4.5 · 10–2
120 5.0 · 10–2 5.6 · 10–2 6.3 · 10–2 7.1 · 10–2 7.9 · 10–2 8.9 · 10–2 1.0 · 10–1 1.1 · 10–1 1.3 · 10–1 1.4 · 10–1
130 1.6 · 10–1 1.8 · 10–1 2.0 · 10–1 2.2 · 10–1 2.5 · 10–1 2.8 · 10–1 3.2 · 10–1 3.5 · 10–1 4.0 · 10–1 4.5 · 10–1
140 5.0 · 10–1 5.6 · 10–1 6.3 · 10–1 7.1 · 10–1 7.9 · 10–1 8.9 · 10–1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4
p. 18 GO
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12.1.012-90
Table 3
Units, dBLogarithmiclevel, aliquot
to 10, dB 0 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9
70 3.2 · 10–3 3.5 · 10–3 4.0 · 10–3 4.5 · 10–3 5.0 · 10–3 5.6 · 10–3 7.0 · 10–3 7.9 · 10–3 7.9 · 10–3 8.9 · 10–3
80 1.0 · 10–2 1.1 · 10–2 1.3 · 10–2 1.4 · 10–2 1.6 · 10–2 1.8 · 10–2 2.0 · 10–2 2.2 · 10–2 2.5 · 10–2 2.8 · 10–2
90 3.2 · 10–2 3.5 · 10–2 4. 0 · 10–2 4.5 · 10–2 5.0 · 10–2 5.6 · 10–2 6.3 · 10–2 7.0 · 10–2 7.9 · 10–2 8.9 · 10–2
100 1.0 · 10–1 1.1 · 10–1 1.3 · 10–1 1 4 · 10–1 1.6 · 10–1 1.8 · 10–1 2.0 · 10–1 2.2 · 10–1 2.5 · 10–1 2.8 · 10–1
110 3.2 · 10–1 3.5 · 10–1 4.0 · 10–1 4.5 · 10–1 5.0 · 10–1 5.6 · 10–1 6.3 · 10–1 7.0 · 10–1 7.9 · 10–1 8.9 · 10–1
120 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.8
130 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.9 8.9
140 1.0 · 10 1.1 · 10 1.3 · 10 1.4 · 10 1.6 · 10 1.8 · 10 2.0 · 10 22 · 10 2.5 · 10 2.8 · 10
150 3.2 · 10 3.5 · 10 4.0 · 10 4.5 · 101 5.0 · 10 5.6 · 10 6.3 · 10 7.0 · 10 79 · 10 8.9 · 10
160 1.0 · 102 1.1 · 102 1.3 · 102 1.4 · 102 1.6 · 102 1.8 · 102 2.0 · 102 2.2 · 102 2.5 · 102 28 · 102
GO
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12.1.012-90 p. 19
Appendix 4(Obligatory)
WEIGHT COEFFICIENTS OF CORRECTIONFOR VARIOUS TYPES AND DIRECTIONS OF VIBRATION
1. The weight coefficients Ki and iKL for general vibration are given in table 4.
2. The weight coefficients Ki and iKL for local vibration in octave bands for three directions of coordinate axes are given in table5.
Table 4For vibroacceleration For vibrovelocity
In 1/3 octave In 1/1 octave In 1/3 octave In 1/1 octaveZ0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0
Geometric meanfrequencies of
bands,HzKi iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL
0.8 0.45 –7 1.0 0 0.045 –27 0.4 –81.0 0.5 –6 1.0 0 0.063 –24 0.5 –61.25 0.56 –5 1.0 0
0.5 –6 1.0 00.09 –21 0.63 –4
0.045 –25 0.5 –6
1.6 0.63 –4 1.0 0 0.125 –18 0.8 –22.0 0.71 –3 1.0 0 0.188 –15 1.0 02.5 0.8 –2 0.8 –2
0.71 –3 1.0 00.25 –12 1.0 0
0.16 –16 0.9 –1
3.15 0.9 –1 0.63 –4 0.5 –9 1.0 04.0 1.0 0 0.5 –6 1.5 –6 l. 0 05.0 1.0 0 0.4 –8
1.0 0 0.5 –64.6. –4 1.0 0
0.45 –7 1.0 0
6.3 1.0 0 0.315 –10 0.8 –2 1.0 08.0 1.0 0 0.25 –12 1.0 0 1.0 010.0 0.8 –2 0.2 –14
1.0 0 0.25 –121.0 0 1.0 0
0.9 –1 1.0 0
p. 20 GO
ST
12.1.012
Table 4 (cont.)For vibroacceleration For vibrovelocity
In 1/3 octave In 1/1 octave In 1/3 octave In 1/1 octaveZ0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0
Geometric meanfrequencies of
bands,HzKi iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL Ki iKL
12.5 0.63 –4 0.16 –16 1.0 0 1.0 016.0 0.50 –6 0.125 –18 1.0 0 1.0 020.0 0.40 –8 0.1 –20
0.5 –6 0.125 –181.0 0 1.0 0
1.0 0 1.0 0
25.0 0.315 –10 0.08 –22 1.0 0 1.0 031.5 0.25 –12 0.063 –24 1.0 0 1.0 040.0 0.2 –14 0.05 –26
0.25 –12 0.063 –241.0 0 1.0 0
1.0 0 1.0 0
50.0 0.16 –16 0.04 –28 1.0 0 1.0 063.0 0.125 –18 0.0315 –30 1.0 0 1.0 080.0 0.1 –20 0.025 –32
0.125 –18 0.0315 –30 1.0 0 1.0 0 GO
ST
12.1.012-90 p. 21
p. 22 GOST 12.1.012-90
Table 5
For vibroacceleration For vibrovelocityGeometric mean frequency ofoctave frequency, Hz Ki iKL Ki iKL
8.0 1.0 0 0.5 –616 1.0 0 1.0 0
31.5 0.5 –6 1.0 063 0.25 –12 1.0 0125 0.125 –18 1.0 0250 0.063 –24 1.0 0500 0.0315 –30 1.0 0
1 000 0.016 –36 1.0 0
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 23
Appendix 5(Reference)
REQUIREMENTS FOR RESTRICTION OF UNFAVORABLE EFFECTOF VIBRATION, ESTABLISHED ON THE BASIS OF HEALTH STANDARDS,RULES AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, APPROVED BY THE USSR MINISTRY
OF HEALTH
1. Vibrational load on the operator shall be standardized for each direction of vibrationeffect.
2. For local vibration, the standard for the vibrational load on the operator shall ensure theabsence of vibrational illness; this corresponds to the criterion “safety.”
For general vibration, the standards of a vibrational load on the operator shall be forcategories of vibration and criteria of evaluation corresponding to them in accordance withtable 6.
For each lower category of vibration the standards of vibrations, set for a category withthe a higher category, can be used.
Table 6Category of vibration inaccordance with health
standards and thecriterion of estimate
Characteristics of workingconditions
Example of vibration sources
1safety
Transport vibration, affectingthe operators of mobile self-propelled and towed vehiclesand other vehicles during theirmotion on the ground, soilfertility and roads, including theperiod of their construction
Agricultural and industrial tractors,machines for processing bedrock,harvesting and sowing agriculturalcrops; automobiles, road-buildingmachines, including bulldozers,road scrapers, graders, road-rollers,snow-ploughs, etc.; self-propelledmining transport
2border of decline ofwork productivity
Transport-technologicalvibration, affecting the operatorsof machines with circumscribedmobility, moving only onspecially prepared surfaces ofthe industrial premises,industrial platforms and minedevelopments
Excavators, industrial and buildingcranes, machines for loadingMartin furnaces; cutter-loaders;mine loading machines; self-propelled drilling carriages; trackmachines; concrete placers; low-ground industrial transport
p. 24 GOST 12.1.012-90
Table 6 (cont.)Category of vibrationin accordance with
health standards andcriterion of evaluation
Characteristics of workconditions
Example of sources of vibration
3 type “a”border of decline ofwork productivity
Technological vibrationaffecting the operators ofstationary machines andequipment, or transmitted toworkplaces without sources ofvibration
Metal-processing and wood-processing machine tools,blacksmith and press equipment,foundry machines, electricalmachines, pump aggregates, fans,rock-drilling machine, equipmentfor the construction materialsindustry (except for concreteplacers), installations for chemicaland petrochemical industry,stationary equipment foragricultural production.
3 type “b”comfort
Vibration on workplaces ofwhite-collar employees andpersonnel not engaged inphysical work
Dispatching offices, factoryadministration departments, designbureaus, laboratories, educationalpremises, computer centers, officepremises, public health services,etc.
3. Standard of a vibrational load on the operator depending on spectral and corrected byfrequency values of the monitored parameter (U) upon duration of vibration effect less than8 ours (480 minutes), shall be determined by the formula
,480
480 TUUt =
where U480 is the standard of a vibrational load on the operator upon duration of vibrationeffect of 480 minutes;T is duration of vibration effect.
If T < 30 minutes, then the value calculated for T = 30 minutes shall be accepted as thestandard.
4. As normalizable indicators of a vibrational load on the operator, the following shall beaccepted:
for constant vibration, mean square value of the vibroacceleration corrected by frequencyand its logarithmic level relative to 10–6 m · s–2 or spectrum of vibration;
for changeable vibration, the equivalent corrected value of the vibroacceleration or itslogarithmic level relative to 10–6 m · s–2, determined by a dose in accordance with clause 2.4.2upon the indicator m = 2.
4.1. Frequency correction for the evaluation of a vibrational load on the operator uponcorrected by frequency value of the parameter being standardized under effect of general andlocal vibration shall comply with Appendix 4.
4.2. The health standards of one-numeral indicators of a vibrational load on the operatorfor an 8 hour shift are given in table 7.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 25
Table 7Normative, corrected by frequency, and equivalent
corrected valuesof vibroacceleration of vibrovelocity
Type ofvibration
Category ofvibration inaccordancewith healthstandards
Direction ofaction
m · s–2 dB m · s–1 · 10–2 dB
Local XL, YL, ZL 2.0 126 2.0 112Z0 0.56 115 1.1 1071
Y0, X0 0.4 112 3.2 1162 Z0, Y0, X0 0.28 109 0.56 101
3 type “a” Z0, Y0, X0 0.1 1.00 0.2 92
General
3 type “b” Z0, Y0, X0 0.014 83 0.028 754.3. The standards of spectral indicators of a vibrational load on the operator for 8 hour
vibrational effect are given in tables 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.
Table 8Health standards for spectral indicators of a vibrational load on the operator.
General vibration, category 1Normative values of vibroacceleration
m · s–2 dBin 1/3 $������ in 1/1 octave. in 1/3 octave In 1/1 octave
Geometricmean
frequenciesof bands, Hz Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0
0.8 0.71 0.224 117 1071.0 0.63 0.224 116 1071.25 0.56 0.224
1.10 0.39115 107
121 112
1.6 0.50 0.224 114 1072.0 0.45 0.224 113 1072.5 0.40 0.280
0.79 0.42112 109
118 113
3.15 0.355 0.365 111 1114.0 0.315 0.450 110 1135.0 0.315 0.56
0.57 0.8110 115
115 118
6.3 0.315 0710 110 1178.0 0.315 0.900 11.0 11910.0 0.40 1.12
0.6 1.62112 121
116 124
p. 26 GOST 12.1.012-90
Table 8 (cont.)Normative values of vibroacceleration
m · s–2 dBin 1/3 octave in 1/1 octave in 1/3 octave In 1/1 octave
Geometricmean
frequenciesof bands, Hz Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0 Z0 X0, Y0
12.5 0.50 1.40 114 12316.0 0.63 1.80 116 12520.0 0.80 2.24
1.13 3.2118 127
121 130
25.0 1.0 2.80 120 121931.5 1.25 3.55 122 13140.0 1.60 4.50
2.25 6.4124 133
127 136
50.0 2.00 5.60 126 135630 2.50 7.10 128 13780.0 3.15 9.00
4.5 12.8130 139
133 142
0.8 14.12 4.45 129 1191.0 10.03 3.57 126 1171.25 7.13 2.85
20.0 6.3123 115
132 122
1.6 4.97 2.29 120 1132.0 3.58 1.7& 117 1112.5 2.95 1.78
7.1 3.5114 111
123 117
3.15 1.78 1.78 111 1114.0 1.26 1.78 108 1115.0 1.00 1.78
2.5 3.2106 111
114 116
6.3 0.80 1.78 104 1118.0 0.64 1.78 102 11110.0 0.64 1.78
1.3 3.2102 111
108 116
12.5 0.64 1.78 102 11116.0 0.64 1.78 102 11120.0 0.64 1.78
1.2 3.2102 111
107 116
25.0 0.64 1.78 102 11131.5 0.64 1.78 102 11140.0 0.64 1.78
1.1 3.2102 111
107 116
50.0 0.64 1.78 102 11163.0 0.64 1.78 102 11180.0 0.64 1.78
1.1 3.2102 111
107 116
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 27
Table 9Health standards for spectral indicators of a vibrational load on the operator.
General vibration, category 2Normative values in directions X0, Y0
of vibroacceleration of vibrovelocitym · s–2 dB m · s–1 · 10–2 dB
Geometricmean
frequenciesof bands, Hz in 1/3
octavein 1/1octave
in 1/3octave
in 1/1octave
in 1/3octave
in 1/1octave
in 1/3octave
In 1/1octave
1.6 0.25 108 2.48 1142.0 0.224 107 1.79 1112.5 0.20
0.4106
1121.28
3.5108
117
3.15 0.178 105 0.9 1054.0 0.158 104 0.62 1025.0 0.158
0.285104
1090.50
1.3100
108
6.3 0.158 104 0.40 988.0 0.158 104 0.32 9610.0 0.20
0.3106
1100.32
0.6393
102
12.5 0.25 108 0.32 9616.0 0.315 110 0.32 9620.0 0.40
0.57112
1150.32
0.5696
181
25.0 0.501 114 0.32 9631.5 0.63 116 0.32 9640.0 0.80
1.13118
1210.32
0.5696
101
50.0 1.00 120 0.32 9663.0 1.25 122 0.32 9680.0 1.60
2.25124
1270.32
0.5696
101
p. 28 GOST 12.1.012-90
Table 10Health standards for spectral indicators of a vibrational load on the operator.
General vibration, category 3, type “a”Normative values in directions X0, Y0
of vibroacceleration Of vibrovelocitym · s–2 dB m · s–1 · 10–2 dB
Geometricmean
frequenciesof bands,
Hzin 1/3octave
in 1/1octave
in 1/3octave
in 1/1octave
in 1/3octave
in 1/1octave
in 1/3octave
in 1/1octave
1.6 0.00 99 0.9 1052.0 0.08 98 0.64 1022.5 0.071
0.1497
1030.46
1.399
108
3.15 0.063 96 0.32 964.0 0.056 95 0.23 935.0 0.056
0.195
1000.18
0.4591
99
6.3 0.056 95 0.14 898.0 0.056 95 0.12 8710.0 0.071
0.1197
1010.12
0.2287
93
12.5 0.09 99 0.12 8716.0 0.112 101 0.12 8720.0 0.140
0.20103
1060.12
0.2087
92
25.0 0.18 105 0.12 8731.5 0.22 107 0.12 8740.0 0.285
0.40109
1120.12
0.2087
92
50.0 0.355 111 0.12 8763.0 0.445 113 0.12 8780.0 0.56
0.80115
1180.12
0.2087
92
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 29
Table 11Health standards for spectral indicators of a vibrational load on the operator.
General vibration, category 3, type “b”Normative values in directions X, Y
Of vibroacceleration Of vibrovelocitym · s–2 dB m · s–1 · 10–2 dB
Geometricmean
frequenciesof bands, Hz in 1/3
octavein 1/1octave
In 1/3octave
in 1/1octave
in 1/3octave
in 1/1octave
in 1/3octave
in 1/1octave
1.6 0.0125 82 0.13 882.0 0.0112 81 0.09 852.5 0.01
0.0280
860.063
0.1882
91
3.15 0.009 79 0.045 794.0 0.008 78 0.032 765.0 0.008
0.01478
830.025
0.06374
82
6.3 0.008 78 0.02 728.0 0.008 78 0.016 7010.0 0.01
0.01480
830.016
0.03270
75
12.5 0.0125 82 0.016 7016.0 0.016 84 0.016 7020.0 0.0 ' 2
0.02886
890.016
0.02870
75
26.0 0.025 88 0.016 7031.5 0.032 90 0.016 7040.0 0.04
0.05692
950.016
0.02870
75
50.0 0.05 94 0.016 7063.0 0. 063 96 0.016 7080.0 0.08
0.11298
1010.016
0.02870
75
p. 30 GOST 12.1.012-90
Table 12Health standards for spectral indicators of a vibrational load on the operator.
Local vibrationNormative values in directions
of vibroacceleration of vibrovelocityGeometric mean
frequencies of octavebands, Hz m · s–2 DB m · s–1 · 10–2 dB
8 1.4 123 2.8 11516 1.4 123 1.4 109
31.5 2.7 129 1.4 10963 5.4 135 1.4 109125 10.7 141 1.4 109250 21.3 147 1.4 109500 42.5 153 1.4 109
1 000 85.0 159 1.4 109
4.4. For general technological vibration (category 3 type “c”), transferred to workplaces inwarehouses, cafeterias, service-premises, duty-rooms or other non-domestic premises wherethere are no machines generating vibration, the standards for vibrational loads shall be asspecified in tables 7 and 10, whose values have been multiplied by 0.4 and whose levels havebeen decreased by 8 dB.
5. The relation between the probability of appearance of unfavorable effects of localvibration and length of employment is shown in Appendix 10.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 31
Appendix 6(Recommended)
INSTRUCTIONSFOR DESIGN-STAGE CALCULATIONS OF VIBRATION
AT CONSTRUCTION SITE WORKPLACES
1. For evaluation of technological and external vibration at workplaces in industrialpremises during design-stage calculations of building designs in cases of harmonic or multi-harmonic vibration with no more than one component within the limits of every octave band,the amplitude of vibrational displacement shall be used.
The allowable amplitudes of vibrational displacement for frequencies of harmoniccomponents, corresponding to geometric mean frequencies of octave bands are given intable13.
The amplitudes of vibrational displacements shall be calculated in accordance withallowable mean square values of vibrovelocity set by the health standards.
2. For frequencies fi different from those specified in the table, the allowable amplitudesof vibrational displacement, SI, shall be determined using the interpolation formula
( ),lg
2lg
/lg)/lg(lg 1
121 S
SSffS ii +⋅=
where f1 is the smaller frequency closest to fi from table 7, Hz;S1 is amplitude of vibrational displacement at frequency f1 from table 13, m;S2 is amplitude of vibrational displacement at the larger frequency nearest to f1 fromtable 13, m.
3. For multi-harmonic vibration, the allowable amplitudes of vibrational displacementshall be found in table13 for every component in accordance with its frequency.
Table 13Allowable amplitudes of vibrational displacements at workplaces during design-stage
calculations of building constructions for various conditions of vibration effect
Amplitude of vibrational displacement, m · 10–3Frequency ofharmonic
component,Hz
at permanent workplacesof stationary machines in
industrial premises
in industrialpremises, free
of vibration sources
in premises for white-collarstaff and personnel not
engaged in physical work2 1.4 0.57 0.20264 0.25 0.1 0.03548 0.063 0.025 0.009016 0.0282 0.112 0.0039
31.5 0.0141 0.0056 0.002063 0.0072 0.0028 0.0010
p. 32 GOST 12.1.012-90
Appendix 7(Recommended)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHOICE OF NORMALIZABLE INDICATORSAND ESTABLISHMENT OF STANDARDS FOR MACHINE VIBRATION
1. The following indicators of VCH shall be used as standardizing:kinematic (vibrational displacement, vibrovelocity, vibroacceleration) or dynamic (force,
moment of force) parameters.1.1. The kinematic parameters of VCH shall be:amplitude of vibrational displacement;mean square value of vibrovelocity or vibroacceleration.1.2. The dynamic parameters of VCH shall be chosen in accordance with GOST 26043.2. In its frequency characteristics, VCH can be spectral or integral.2.1. Spectral VCH shall be established for octave or 1/3 octave frequency bands.Frequency range being standardized for machines, generating general vibration, shall be
from 0.7 to 90 Hz and for machines, generating local vibration, shall be from 5.6 to 1 400 Hz.It is allowed to reduce the frequency range being standardized at the expense of distant
bands of frequencies, in which vibration is more than 2 times (6 dB) below the healthstandard for the spectrum of vibration.
2.2. Integrated VCH shall be:corrected by frequency value of parameter being standardized with correction, set by the
health standards;general level of the parameter being standardized determined by the linear characteristic
of vibration-survey equipment in the fixed frequency range.2.3. As a standardizing indicator of VCH, other parameters can be used, the technique of
definition of which shall be coordinated with the customer and organizations of the USSRMinistry of Health and VTsSPS.
3. For machines that come into contact with a human’s body (through hands or supportingareas) VCH shall only be standardized for a point (zone) of contact in the direction ofmaximum vibration.
If several points of contact are present, then the VCH can only be set for a point withmaximum vibration.
For machines that do not have points of contact with a human’s body, the VCH shall bedetermined at the places of fastening of machines to the supports.
4. During the design stage, the determination of VCH of machines shall be carried out bya calculation-and-experimental method using dynamic charts, models of external effect,dynamic characteristics of a human body and other indicators and factors that characterize thesystem “operator-industrial environment-machine.”
Results of calculations and the necessary` initial indicators shall be tested anddetermined by experiment.
Dynamic characteristics of a human body under effect of vibration shall comply withGOST
5. The standard of vibration (��) can be determined with the help of the following relation
TH = CH % & ± K, (9)
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 3
where �� is the accepted health standard of a vibrational load on an operator for coordinatedconditions of working of the machine& is the correction for difference between indicators�' ��� �� that reduces them tothe values expressed in numbers of units;K is the correction for differences in rules of technical and health standards (forexample taking into account the transfer function of industrial environment from thepoint of a health standard to the point of a technical standard, use of protection devicesagainst vibration, changing of vibration of machine in relation to vibration at theworkplace, difference of points of standards, specificity of test conditions, etc.).
6. For manufactured machines, the standard of vibration can be calculated or set by resultsof experiments determining the representative values of VCH.
6.1. A representative value of VCH is:for machines of unit production, the maximum result among the tested samples (after test
for absence of error results);for machines in mass production, the upper boundary of the monitored parameter,
determined by the results of tests of machine samples.6.2. The upper boundary (U) of the monitored parameter VCH shall be determined for
absolute values by the formula
U = X + KS, (10)
where X is a selective arithmetic mean value of the monitored parameter;S is a selective square mean deviation of the monitored parameter;K is a number that describes the probability of finding the monitored vibrationparameter value below the upper boundary U (it shall be recommended that K = 2).
p. 34 GOST 12.1.012-90
Appendix 8(Recommended)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WORK SCHEDULES FOR PERSONSOF VIBRATION-SENSITIVE PROFESSIONS, WHO ARE EXPOSED
TO EFFECTS OF LOCAL VIBRATION
1. The work schedule shall be established for a specific workplace or for a manualmachine typical for it that serves as a source of local vibration.
2. The work schedule shall determine the time frame of a working shift that is 480 minutelong, including a lunch break and breaks regulated in accordance with clause 5.1.
3. The initial value used for the choice of a time frame of a working shift shall be the ofthe ���������� �(�� ��� ��������� �� �� �������� �&�) ���������� �� ��� ����! �
& = L – LN, (11)
where L is the value of a spectral or corrected by frequency indicator of a vibrational load onthe operator in the specific workshop conditions, dB;LN is the health standard for the considered conditions and an 8 hour work-shift, dB.
4. The allowable time of continuous effect of vibration on a worker within a shift shall bedetermined using this excess indicator.
4.1. The allowable cumulative time of continuous effect of vibration, Tcont, on a workerwithin a shift in accordance with the health standards of local vibration is given in table 14 (itis calculated for m = 2 in accordance with the dependence specified in clause 3 ofAppendix 5).
Table 14Allowable cumulative time of continuous effect of vibration Tcont
on a worker within a shiftIndicator of excess of vibrational ��� �� ��� �������� &) �*
Tcont, minIndicator of excess of a vibrational ��� �� ��� �������� &) �*
�cont, min
1 381 7 952 302 8 763 240 9 604 191 10 485 151 11 386 120 12 30
4.2. If the allowable cumulative time of continuous effect of vibration within a shift Tcont
is no less than the necessary technological operating time of the manual machine within ashift Tt, then this time can be arbitrarily distributed within the limits of a working shift whileobserving the regulated breaks.
4.3. If Tcont < Tt, then it shall be necessary to set the time frame of a working shift basedon vibrational cycles.
5. The time frame of a working shift that consists of identical vibrational cycles shall becharacterized by the following elements:
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 35
duration of one-time continuous effect of vibration on a worker in a cycle (time of contactwith vibration) t, minutes;
duration of a ���������� ��� � +) ���!���
divisibility of vibrational cycle K;number of vibrational cycles within a shift n;cumulative time of vibration effect on a worker within a shift Tc, minutes.5.1. The elements of the time frame of a working shift are connected by the following
relations
.
,c
t
tK
ntT
−τ=
⋅=
5.2. micro-pauses with a duration of no more than 30 seconds shall be considered as aone-time continuous effect.
5.3. The conducting time of technical operations either connected with the effect ofvibration, or not connected with vibrational effect, taking into account two regulated breaks inaccordance with clause 5.1.3, shall not exceed 430 minutes during one shift.
,��� -�� �"���� �� � ��� �) +–t not connected with effect of vibration, including intendedfor rest, can coincide with the regulated breaks and lunch break. And for the last vibrationalcycle of a shift can coincide with the time after the end of a working day.
6. When a cyclic time frame of a working shift is formed, it shall be necessary to proceedaccording to the following statements:
6.1. The most rational duration of continuous effect of vibration, t, is no more than15 minutes.
The maximum value, t, shall be no more than 50 minutes..� ��� ��������� �� �(�� � & / 0 �*) ��� �� !� t shall not exceed 15 minutes.6.2. Divisibility K of a vibrational cycle shall be minimum and be chosen out of series 1/1,
1/2, 1/3 (the larger denominator corresponds to more favorable work schedule).-�� ��������� �� �(�� & ≥ 6 dB shall correspond to K ≤ 1.6.3. The cumulative time, Tc, of vibration effect on a worker within a working shift with a
cyclic time frame shall be greater than the allowable time of continuous effect Tcont
�c ≥ �cont.
.� ��� ��������� �� �(�� � & ≥ 4 dB, then the value Tcont shall not exceed 240 minutes.7. The allowable duration, t (minutes), of continuous effect of vibration in a vibrational
cycle on a worker can be determined by the formula
.10
4803/1
21.0
2
τ⋅= ∆ nt (12)
p. 36 GOST 12.1.012-90
Appendix 9(Obligatory)
VIBRATION MEASUREMENT METHODS
1. Requirements for measurement preparation.1.1. For an evaluation of a vibrational load on the operator, the measured points shall be
chosen in places of contact of the operator with a vibrating surface.1.1.1. If the installation of the vibration-survey converter in places of scope by hand or
under supporting area of the operator is inconvenient or difficult, then the installation siteshall be chosen near to a place of contact so that the tested parameter shall not differ fromvalues in the place of contact by more than 1 dB or in other convenient points in accordancewith clause 6.4.
1.1.2. If the operator during industrial activity moves within the limits of a working place(area), then the tests shall be carried out at each meter of his path.
It is allowed to decrease the volume of tests to measurements at one or several points withmaximum vibration.
1.1.3. During measurements of local vibration with participation of a human operator, thevibrational inverter shall be installed on the transfer element-adapter.
Fastening of the vibrational inverter to the monitored machine with a threaded pin,magnet, rigid tube clamp, etc. (including tests on stands) shall be allowed.
The adapter shall be made out of light (magnesium or aluminum) alloy.The recommended designs and sizes of adapters are given in figs. 2 and 3.The choice of type of the adapter shall be determined by the possibility of its use for tests
on handles of various configurations.Systems of installation of vibrational inverter with transfer elements (adapter, cube,
threaded pins, etc.) shall have limited cumulative mass, which shall ensure the basicfrequency in accordance with clause 6.5, taking into account the elasticity of soft hand tissuesand devices of personal protection of hands from vibration.
If the adapter is used, then the cumulative mass of vibrational inverter and transitiveelements that ensure linearity of amplitude-frequency characteristics within the entiremeasured frequency range (up to 1 500 Hz), shall not exceed 30g.
If the specified cumulative mass is exceeded, then the elevated indications at highfrequencies shall be corrected by introducing a correction that is determined by the frequency-response characteristics of the applied system of installation of vibrational inverters.
1.1.4. When the general vibration is measured, the vibrational inverter shall be installed:on intermediate platform near the legs of the operator, who works in a “standing”
position, oron intermediate disk, placed on a seat under supporting areas of the operator, working in a
“sitting” position.The vibrational inverter shall be installed on an intermediate platform or disk by a
threaded pin, magnet or by any other method that ensures the requirements of clause 6.5.The recommended designs and sizes of intermediate disks and platforms are given in figs.
4 and 5.If the seat has a non-flat soft cover, then the disk shall possess elasticity in order to
assume the form of a seat.Elastic (semi-hard) disk shall correspond to GOST 27259.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 37
RECOMMENDED DESIGN AND KEY DIMENSIONSOF THE HORN-ADAPTER FOR TESTING OF LOCAL VIBRATION
A
B
d – diameter of a threaded hole for fastening of vibrational inverter
Fig. 2It shall be allowed to fasten a vibrational inverter on threaded pin and magnets directly on
metal surfaces of machines, seats and bases, which are in contact with the supporting areas ofan operator.
1.1.5. If a threaded fastening for the vibrational inverter is used, then it shall be necessaryto guarantee the design of a threaded hole and landing plane in such a way that an imprintfrom the vibrational inverter on a layer of technical vaseline previously placed on the planeshall occupy an area of sector with a central angle no less than 270°.
The roughness of the surface on which the vibrational inverter is installed shall be nomore than 2.5 micrometers.
The diameter of the landing plane shall exceed the vibrational inverter supporting areadiameter by no less than 1 mm.
1.2. During monitoring of VCH of machines, the measurements shall be carried out atpoints of standardization of VCH, indicated in specifications and technical documentation.
p. 38 GOST 12.1.012-90
Recommended design and sizes of the plane-adapterfor measurement of local vibration
total four facesreference
reference
d – diameter of a threaded aperture for fastening of the vibrational inverter; K – apertures,through which elastics or tapes for scope of fingers from above can be passed
Fig. 3
The vibrational inverter shall be installed directly on the monitored machine or on transferelements (pipe clamps, adapters, disks, etc.).
Fastening of the vibrational inverter shall be carried out by a threaded pin or magnet, byglue, paste or by other means that ensure eigen frequency in accordance with clause 6.5.
1.3. Given varying standards and corrections for frequency of general vibration in verticaland horizontal directions, the measurement shall be carried out in a vertical direction. In thehorizontal direction, it shall only be allowed to limit the tests to the direction of maximumvibration.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 39
Advisable design and sizes of an intermediate platform for measurementof general vibration near legs of a standing operator
1 – threading aperture for fastening of a vibrational inverter or a cube under the vibrationalinverter
Fig.4If the standards of local and general vibration are identical and corrections of frequency
are also identical, then it shall only be allowed to make measurements in one direction if themeasured parameter is no less than 2 times larger than in all the other directions (by 6 dB).
1.4. In the case where large correlation dependencies between vibrations in differentdirections are established, measurements shall only be carried out in one of these directions:as a rule, in the vertical direction for general vibration or along the axis of the manualmachine for local vibration.
For other directions, the monitored parameter for correlation dependencies shall becalculated, for example, in the form:
,~~
~~
yzzy
xzzx
KUU
KUU
⋅=
⋅=(13)
where yxUU~~
and are the calculated parameters of vibration in direction of axes x and y;
zU~
is the measured parameter of vibration in a direction of an axis, z;Kxz and Kyz are the factors of recalculation (correlation) from vibration in the directionof axes x and y towards vibration in the direction of axis z
The values of factors Kyz and Kxz shall be determined for specific machines and conditionsof their operating (as a rule, standard conditions) and stipulated in specifications and technicaldocumentation for test methods of machines or in the programs for measurement of thevibrational load on an operator.
p. 40 GOST 12.1.012-90
Recommended design and sizes of an intermediate hard diskfor measurement of general vibration on the operator’s seat
I – threaded aperture for fastening of the vibrational inverter or of the cube under thevibrational inverter
Fig. 51.5. For moving single-component vibrational inverters in different directions, it is
allowed to use a cube made of a light alloy with a threaded aperture in the center of each sideof size in accordance with clause 1.1.5.
Mass of the cube shall be taken into account in the cumulative mass of all elements of thevibrational inverter fastening.
1.6. If measurements are performed with the participation of an operator, then his/hermass shall be from 70 to 80 kg.
1.7. Before starting the measurements and at their end, it shall be necessary to calibratethe whole measuring path.
It shall be allowed to carry out calibration at one stipulated frequency in accordance withGOST 12.4.012.
The results of calibration shall not differ by more than 1 dB.
2. Requirements for performance of measurements2.1. Time of averaging (integration) of the device during measurement of local vibration
shall be no less than 1 second, and of general vibration it shall be no less than 10 seconds.2.2. The measurements shall be carried out continuously or through regular intervals of
time (discretely).Continuous measurements shall be characterized by a measurement time equal to the
duration of the accumulation of the signaling, recording and fixing of the vibrational process.The discrete measurements shall be characterized by time (interval) between consecutive
recording of indicators.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 41
2.2.1. During discrete measurement of spectra and corrected by frequency values, theinterval between recording of indications shall be no less than 1 second for local vibration andno less than 10 seconds for general vibration.
The intervals between indications shall be divisible by 1 second or 10 seconds and beappropriate to the realistic physical abilities of the person who takes the measurement andrecords the results.
Indication reading shall be carried out at the end of the chosen interval.When devices with an arrow indicator or with digital indication, the data shall be recorded
at the moment of indication irrespective of the behavior of the arrow (of its movement) ordigital indication (change of the indications), not making any visual averaging of theindications.
The discrete measurements shall begin by carrying out an initial number of observationsno fewer than 3.
The necessary number of observations that ensure the required accuracy of results shall bedetermined by the results of processing the measurements.
2.2.2. In case of continuous measurement of spectra and corrected by frequencyvalues, the duration of measurement shall be:for local vibration, no less than 3 seconds;for general vibration no less than 30 seconds.2.2.3. During continuous measurement of the vibration dose or equivalent corrected value
of the monitored parameter, the duration of observation shall be:for local vibration, no less than 5 minutes;for general vibration, no less than 15 minutes.The possibility of using the results of one observation for the characteristics of a dose
within a working shift shall be confirmed by:comparison of the obtained result with the result of continuous measurement within a
shift,consecutive statistical processing of the results, obtained during consecutive observations
of the specified duration.
3. Requirements for processing of measurements results3.1. If the range of values of indications of initial number of observations is no more than
1.5 times (3 dB), then it shall be necessary to accept the maximum value as the measurementresult.
3.2. If spectra and corrected by frequency values of the monitored parameter aremeasured, and if the scatter of values of indications is greater than 1.5 times (3 dB), then itshall be necessary to carry out no fewer than 2 additional observations.
Using values of the first 5 indications, the coefficient shall be calculated by the formula
,min
max
U
UK =
where Umax and Umin are maximum and minimum values of the measurement results.The necessary number of observations shall be determined from table 15 based on the
closest, maximum value of K. The remaining number of observations shall be carried out andthe coefficient K shall be determined for them.
If the coefficient K has become greater, then the number n shall be changed according toit. The process of changing of n shall be repeated until the maximum obtained value ofcoefficient K becomes smaller than the table value of K for the number of performedobservations.
p. 42 GOST 12.1.012-90
Table 15Choice of number of observations, n, that ensures a confidence interval
of ±3 dB with confidential probability 0.95n K n K5 1.7 15 6.86 2.1 16 7.77 2.5 17 8.68 2.9 18 10.69 3.3 19 12.710 3.8 20 15.511 4.2 21 20.912 4.7 22 26.413 5.3 23 5014 6.0
3.3. During the spectral analysis, the mean square value of the monitored parameter ofvibration in octave or 1/3 octave bands (UK), determined by the formula below, shall beaccepted as the measurement result
,1
1
2sq ∑
==
n
iikU
nU (14)
where Uik is the value of the vibration parameter in k–th octave or 1/3 octave band during theith observation;n is the number of observations.
3.4. During evaluation of the vibration in accordance with the corrected frequency value
)~
(U , the following shall be accepted as the measurement result
,~1~
1
2∑=
=n
iiU
nU (15)
where iU~
is the corrected by frequency value of the monitored parameter, received by direct
measurement of the device with a scaling filter or recalculation of results of spectralmeasurements in accordance with the correction established by this Standard;n is the number of observations (or calculated results).
3.5. When evaluating the vibration by equivalent corrected value (Uequ) in accordancewith the data of discrete measurements, the result of measurements shall be calculated as
,
~
1
1
2
equ
∑
∑
=
=
∆
∆=
n
ii
n
iii
t
tU
U (16)
where iU~
is corrected by frequency value of monitored parameter, accepted as the constant
in a time interval 1ti: 1ti = 1ti´ –1ti´´–cycle of discrete measurements;1ti´ is duration of the ith observation;1ti´´ is the time interval between the end of ith and the start of (i+ 1) observation.
GOST 12.1.012-90 p. 43
3.6. The results of measurement shall be registered in the record, in which the followinginformation shall be reflected:
subject of measurement (title, type, year when the machine is made, title of workplace,etc.);
type of the measuring equipment and information about its certification;conditions of measurements (operating mode of the machine and conformity of operating
mode of the equipment to the characteristics sheet data);measured parameters;installation site of the vibrational inverter;accepted system of coordinate axes and chosen direction of measurements;results of processing of measurements;conclusion about conformity of the measured parameters of vibration to standarizing
values;date and place of measurement.
p. 46 GOST 12.1.012-90
DETAILS
1. DEVELOPED AND SUBMITTED by the All-Union Central Council of ProfessionalUnions
DEVELOPERS
Ya .G. Gotlib, Cand. Sci. (Tech.); B. N. Kolesov, Cand. Sci. (Tech.) (Project Head);L. E. Filatova; Yu. I. Matveev, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Maths.); A. N. Rybakov; L. I. Sasina.
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED by Decree No. 2190, dated 13.07.90, of the USSRState Committee for Products Quality Management and Standards
3. Review period shall be 1995, review frequency shall be 5 years
4. IN PLACE OF GOST 12.1.012-78, GOST 12.1.034-81, GOST 12.1.042-84 and GOST12.1.043-84
5 REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION
Number of Reference Document Referred to Number of clause, sub-clause, appendixGOST 12.0.002-80 IntroductionGOST 12.4.012-83 6.3, Appendix 9GOST 12.4.094-88 Appendix 7GOST 15.001-88 6.1.2GOST 16263-70 IntroductionGOST 17770-86 4.5GOST 24346-80 IntroductionGOST 26043-83 Appendix 7GOST 26568-85 3.1; 3.2 and 3.3GOST 27259-87 Appendix 9
Editor V. M. LysenkinaTechnical Editor L. Ya. Mitrofanova
Proof-reader M. S. Kabashova
