GOAN ARCHITECTURE

APOORVA K., KASTURI K., ABHIK B., MAITREYI Y.,ARVIND S S.

LOCATION

FACTORS AFFECTING DESIGN IN GOA

FACTORS AFFECTING ARCHITECTURE OF GOA:TO PROTECT ONESELF FROM THE FIERCE MONSOONS WAS BASIS OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM. FOREIGN INFLUENCE DURING THE PORTUGESE RULE.FOREIGN IDEAS USED LOCAL BUILDING MATERIALS, MAKING THE GOAN HOUSE A MIXTURE AND ADAPTATION OF DESIGN ELEMENTS AND INFLUENCESPORTUGUESE-BUILT CHURCHES. CULTURAL FUSION OF THE EUROPEAN OUTLOOK AND THE ALREADY INFUSED INDIAN ROOTS RESULTED IN THE EXISTING HOUSE PATTERN

CLIMATE OF GOA•GOA IS THE COASTAL STATE KNOWN AS THE KONKAN.• BEING IN THE TROPICAL ZONE AND NEAR THE ARABIAN SEA, THE CLIMATE OF GOA IS WARM AND HUMID FOR MOST OF THE YEAR. •THE MONTH OF MAY IS THE HOTTEST, WITH DAY-TIME TEMPERATURES TOUCHING 35°C (95°F). THE HEAT IS COUPLED WITH HIGH HUMIDITY. •THE MONSOONS ARRIVE AROUND EARLY JUNE AND PROVIDE A MUCH NEEDED RESPITE FROM THE HEAT. THEN GOA RECEIVES SUDDEN DOWNPOURS AND TROPICAL THUNDERSTORMS• MOST OF GOA'S ANNUAL RAINFALL IS RECEIVED THROUGH THE MONSOONS WHICH LAST TILL LATE SEPTEMBER. • GOA WEATHER HAS A SHORT COOL SEASON TOO WHICH LASTS BETWEEN MID-DECEMBER AND FEBRUARY. THESE MONTHS ARE MARKED BY COOL NIGHTS WITH TEMPERATURES OF ABOUT 20°C (68°F) AND WARM DAYS OF ABOUT 29°C (84°F). •HUMIDITY REMAINS IN MODERATE AMOUNTS.

LARGE OPENINGS AND CORRIDORS TO COUNTERACT HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE….

SLOPING ROOF AS HIGH RAINFALL….

THIS IS WHAT A TYPICIAL "OLD STYLE" GOAN HOUSE LOOKS LIKE. MOST HOUSES IN GOA HAVE THEIR ROOFS CONSTRUCTED WITH RED "MANGLOREAN" TILES. THE LONG STAIRWAY LEADS TO A BALCONY ALSO KNOWN AS A "BALCAO" IN KONKANI AND PORTUGUESE

HINDU GOAN HOUSES

THE GOAN HINDU ARCHITECTURAL STYLE IS DIFFERENT FROM THE PORTUGUESE-INFLUENCED STYLE. HINDU HOUSES HAVE LITTLE COLONIAL INFLUENCE. MOST OF THE BIG HOUSES HAVE A COURTYARD CALLED AS RAJANGAN IN KONKAN WHERE A TULSI VRINDAVAN IS SEEN. A SPECIAL PLACE CALLED AS SOPPO IS OFTEN USED FOR RELAXING.

General house plan observed in Goa.

Rooms in the periphery and open courtyard in the centre in response to hot and humid climate…...

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

GOAN TRADITIONAL HINDU HOUSES HAVE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES:

•ANGAN (COURTYARD WITH A TULASI VRINDAVAN) •RAJANGAN (A COURTYARD INSIDE THE HOUSE) •DEVA KOOD (A PLACE FOR DAILY PRAYER AND OTHER RITUALS) •SAAL (A HALL) •RANDCHI KOOD (A KITCHEN WITH A DOOR WHICH IS CALLED MAGIL DAAR) •A ROOM SPECIAL MEANT FOR PREGNANT AND NURSING MOTHERS. •KOTHAR (STORE ROOM) •A HALL SPECIALLY MEANT FOR CELEBRATING GANESHOTSAV

MOST HOUSES ARE SYMMETRICAL WITH THE ENTRANCE DOOR OCCUPYING THE PLACE OF HONOUR.

FRONT DOOR LEADS TO A FOYER WHICH THEN EITHER LEADS TO THE SALA (THE MAIN HALL FOR ENTERTAINING A LARGE NUMBER OF GUESTS) OR THE SALA DE VISITA (A SMALLER HALL FOR ENTERTAINING A SMALL NUMBER OF GUESTS) AND IN SOME CASES THE CHAPEL IS IN THE HOUSE.

ONE CAN ALSO DIRECTLY ENTER THE REST OF THE HOUSE FROM HERE, WHICH IS USUALLY REVOLVED AROUND A COURTYARD.

TYPICALLY THE MASTER BEDROOM OPENS INTO THE SALA OR IS CLOSE TO IT.

PLANNING

CONSISTING OF HUMBLE BURNT EARTH PLASTERED OVER WITH COW DUNG AND HAY, OR WITH ELABORATE PATTERNS MADE WITH TILES IMPORTED FROM EUROPETHE FLOORS IN GOAN HOUSES HAVE BEEN BOTH WORKPLACES AND STATEMENTS.ALMOST ALL GOAN HOUSES HAVE A FALSE CEILING OF WOOD. THE DINING ROOM IS USUALLY PERPENDICULAR TO THE ROOMS THE BEDROOMS FLANK THE COURTYARD, AND THE KITCHENS AND SERVICE AREAS ARE AT THE REAR OF THE HOUSE. IN THE CASE OF TWO-STORY HOUSES, A STAIRCASE, EITHER FROM THE FOYER OR THE DINING ROOM, LEADS TO MORE BEDROOMS.

INTERIORS

LARGE ORNAMENTAL WINDOWS WITH STUCCO MOULDINGS OPEN ONTO VERANDAS. THESE MAY APPEAR PURELY DECORATIVE, BUT HAVE THEIR ORIGINS IN SIMILAR MOULDINGS IN THE WINDOWS OF PORTUGUESE HOUSES. THE DESIGN IS THEREFORE AN IMPORT BUT SERVES A SIMILAR PURPOSE IN GOA: TO HELP CONSTRUCT THE DISTINCT IDENTITY OF THE HOME. WINDOWS GRADUALLY BECAME MORE DECORATIVE, ORNATE, AND EXPRESSIVE.FRONT DOORS ARE FLANKED BY COLUMNS OR PILASTERS.

RAILINGS WERE THE MOST INTRICATE EMBELLISHMENT IN A GOAN HOUSE. PILLARS, PIERS, AND COLOURS DO NOT SEEM TO BE INFLUENCED BY ANY STYLE IN PARTICULAR; RATHER THEY CONFORM TO A MIXED BAG OF ARCHITECTURAL STYLES.

EXTERIORS

USE OF COLOUR

DRAMATIC AND STARTLING COLOUR—ACHIEVED WITH VEGETABLE AND NATURAL DYES

WITH A COLOUR WASH, THE HOUSE LOOKED "DRESSED" AND THEREFORE DISPLAYED THE ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE RESIDENTS.

THE WALLS WERE MADE OF MUD AND THEN LATER OF LATERITE STONE

THEY WERE USUALLY PLASTERED THEN PAINTED.

VERY FEW BUILDINGS ARE COLOURED EXACTLY ALIKE AND SOLID COLOURS ARE USED

INTERIORS ARE USUALLY IN PALER COLOURS WITH SOLID COLOR HIGHLIGHTS.

RENDERING OR PIPING IN WHITE IS THE RESULT OF THE RULE DURING THE PORTUGUESE OCCUPATION OF GOA THAT NO PRIVATE HOUSE OR BUILDING COULD BE PAINTED IN WHITE. ONLY CHURCHES AND CHAPELS ENJOYED THIS PRIVILEGE. AS A RESULT OF THIS CODE, AN INTERESTING AND AESTHETICALLY PLEASING TREND DEVELOPED, AS COMPETITION AMONG NEIGHBOURS GAVE IMPETUS TO VARIETY.

USE OF COLOURS

CORNICESCOUNTRY TILES USED AS ACORBELARE A FEATURE PECULIAR TO GOA. THE EFFECT ACHIEVED IS AESTHETICALLY PLEASING, GIVING THE ROOF PROJECTION A SOLID, MOULDED APPEARANCE.

GATEPOSTS AND COMPOUND WALLGATEWAYS CONSISTED OF ELABORATELY CARVED COMPOUND WALLS ON EITHER SIDE OF THE GATE POSTS.

INTEGRATION OF PORTUGESE AND TRADITIONAL GOAN ARCHITECTURE

THE PORTUGESE INFLUENCE IN GOA IS NOT ONLY IN TERMS OF ACHITECTURE BUT ALSO A

VARIOUS OTHER FACTORS THAT MIGHT DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY AFFECT THE

ARCHITECTURE CUISINE – AN EXOTIC MIX OF TRULY TASTY AND DELICIOUS VARIOUS OTHER TYPES OF COOKING THAT MAKES IT SO UNIQUE ALSO OWING TO THE INFLUENCE OF THE OVERSEAS COLONIES.DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXQUISITE FURNISHINGS AND DECORATIONS BY LOCAL CRAFTSMEN.FUSION OF GOAN CULTURE WITH PORTUGESE THAT INTURN AFFECTS HE MUSIC AND DANCE OF THE REGION.SIMILARITY IN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS LED TO SIMILAR BUILT FORM

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE DIFFERS ACCORDING TO LOCALLY AVAILABLE BUILDING MATERIALS AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. MOST HOUSES ARE BUILT IN STONE AND PAINTED IN VIVID COLORS. HOUSES ARE WHITEWASHED, WITH THE DOORS AND WINDOWS FRAMED IN YELLOW OR BLUE.

PORTUGUESE CULTURE IS TODAY SO IMBIBED IN THE LIVES OF GOANS THAT IT'S DIFFICULT TO IMAGINE GOA WITHOUT ITS PORTUGUESE CONNECTION. THE RESULT OF FOUR AND HALF CENTURIES OF RULE IS TODAY WHAT GOA IS, A UNIQUE, RICH BLEND OF WESTERN AND EASTERN CULTURE. THIS UNIQUE BLEND APPARENT EVERY WHERE, FROM ART AND ARCHITECTURE TO FOOD AND MUSIC, IS THE TRADEMARK OF GOA

CHURCHES IN GOA

WHITE CHURCHES IN GOA

THANK

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