GLOSSARY

abangan Referring to Javanist Muslims. In the past, they have beenlabeled as “animist” Muslims, as opposed to “orthodox” Muslims.The tradition of abangan has declined significantly over the recentthree decade.

agama Religion.aliran A channel and boundary marker in a rice-field in Javanese. In

Indonesian, it means “streams.” In the past, aliran has referred to theideological-cultural identification in the 1950s. In this book, it means“religious faction.”

bersilaturahmi An Arabic loanword. It means “be sociable,” particularlywith neighbors.

Bu The shortened version of Ibu. Ibu is the standard honorific term toaddress an adult woman or an old woman.

LDII Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia (the Indonesian Institute ofIslamic Dawah). Dakwah is Indonesian for religious proselytizing. Itis viewed as a puritanical Islamic organization for some of their gen-dered practices.

FKUB Religious Harmony Forum (Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama)GBI Indonesian Bethel Church (Gereja Bethel Indonesia)GKI Indonesian Christian Church (Gereja Kristen Indonesia)GKJ Javanese Christian Church (Gereja Kristen Jawa)

© The Author(s) 2017E.-C. Chao, Entangled Pieties, Contemporary Anthropologyof Religion, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-48420-4

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Golkar Golongan Karya (Functional Group), a political party founded in1964 with the backing of senior army officers. It was the ruling partyduring President Suharto’s 33-year rule (1965–1998).

HGU Right of use (hak guna usaha)HMI Muslim Students’ Association (Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam)Idul-Fitri Eid-al-Fitr. The most important holiday for Muslims globally.jilbab The Indonesian term for the Islamic headscarf that covers hair but

not face. Yet, recently more and more people simply call it “hijab.”kampung Village or neighborhood community. In upper-middle neigh-

borhoods it is called perumahan (residence) instead. But, in general,even those living in wealthier neighborhoods like to call their own areakampung.

kristenisasi “Christianization.” A term with negative connotation,implying the idea of Indonesian gradually turned into a Christiancountry.

kyai The headmaster of an Islamic boarding school.Masyumi Consultative Council of Indonesian Muslims (Majelis Syuro

Muslim in Indonesia), a coalition of Muslim groups set up during theJapanese Occupation of Indonesia during World War II. It was bannedby Sukarno in August 1960.

Muhammadiyah A Sunni Muslim reformist organization established in1912 in Yogyakarta, Central Java. One of the largest mass organizationsin Indonesia. It has hundreds of hospitals and schools (pesantren)throughout Indonesia. In Arabic, Muhammadiyah means “followersof Muhammad.”

MUI Indonesian Ulama Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia)Nahdlatul Ulama A traditionalist Sunni Islam organization, established

in 1926 in Jombang, East Java. It claims to have 45–50 million mem-bers, making it the largest Muslim social organization in the world. Ithas hundreds of Islamic boarding schools, mostly in Java, but also onother islands.

Pak The shortened version of Bapak. Bapak is the standard honorific termto address an adult man or an old man.

Pancasila An Indonesian statement of political principle or philosophy(literally, “five principles”), articulated at Independence in 1945, con-sisting of five “inseparable” principles: belief in the One and Only God(thereby legitimizing several world religions and not just Islam), a justand civilized humanity, the unity of Indonesia, democracy, and socialjustice. It became the state ideology under President Suharto and

194 GLOSSARY

promotion of alternative ideologies was considered subversion. Whilenow more rarely invoked by officials in such a blatantly ideologicalfashion, it continues to be a key reference point in discussions ofreligions and religious pluralism in Indonesia today.

PDIP Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (Partai DemokrasiIndonesia Perjuangan)

pengajian Islamic sermon groups, or the reading sessions of the Qur’an.Pentecostals Christians who practice speaking in tongues, healing, and

deliverance.PK, later PKS Justice Party (Partai Keadilan), a political party in

Indonesia modeled on the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. The partyname later was changed to Prosperous Justice Party (Partai KeadilanSejahtera).

PKK Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (Family WelfareDevelopment), women’s neighborhood organizations

RT Rukun tetangga (the harmonious neighborhood), the smallestadministrative unit that consists of several households.

RW Rukun warga (the harmonious citizens), the administrative unit thatconsists of several RT groups.

Salafist In this book, it is used by locals to mean those “puritanical”Muslims in general, who are overly strict and who separate themselvesfrom the community by their unconventional gender practices.

santri The students of an Islamic boarding school. In some contexts, itrefers to “orthodox” Muslims as opposed to abangan Muslims.

sholat Islamic prayer. It is related to salat in Arabic.STAIN State Islamic College (Sekolah tinggi agama Islam negeri)UKSW Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana (Satya Wacana Christian

University)YUIS Salatiga Islamic University Foundation (Yayasan Universitas Islam

Salatiga)

GLOSSARY 195

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INDEX

AAbangan, 40, 42, 43, 115Abdi dalem, 40Adzan, 91Agama, 36, 44, 160, 181Ahmad Dahlan, 40Aliran, 33, 42, 53

politics, 42Anthropology, 11

Anthropological, 87n17, 92,146, 147

anthropologist(s), 12, 28n5,44, 87n18, 94, 105,141, 187

of Christianity, 44, 147, 187of Islam, 11, 187Islamic resurgence, 11Islamic revivals, 11studies on Pentecostalism, 146See also Culture(s)

Arabic, 1, 27, 31, 38, 81, 90,91, 96, 113, 152, 158–163,174, 175, 188, 189

Arabic greeting, 158–163, 174,175, 189

Arisan, 106, 156, 157Aurat, 90, 122n17

BBakhtin, Mikhail, 21, 22, 71,

103, 106, 133, 152, 163,172, 173, 174, 175,179n17, 185–189

chronotope, 172–173double voices, 163speech genres, 103, 106stratifying language, 163stylistic uniqueness, 175verbal performance, 163See also Dialogic

Berdoa, 139, 160, 161berdoa bagi bangsa, 139Islamic prayer, 161, 174

Bersilaturahmi, 94–98,99, 110, 111, 120

Bible, 31,34, 54n11, 168

Blasphemy, 3, 45Born-again, 25, 49,

52, 128, 129, 138See also Pentecostalism

Bosnia, 45, 151, 165, 176n1Brenner, 10, 47, 90,

92, 106, 115, 120,126, 155, 163

© The Author(s) 2017E.-C. Chao, Entangled Pieties, Contemporary Anthropologyof Religion, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-48420-4

213

CCatholic, 1, 4, 9, 13, 14, 23, 44, 49,

50, 55n13, 69, 75, 113, 134,144, 146, 169, 177n1, 182

Charismatic Christianity, 49, 130,134, 137, 138, 139, 146,147, 183

See also ChristianityChinese Indonesians

Chinese preacher, 137, 138history of, 130, 192stereotypes, 25, 26, 125, 127, 131,

133, 135, 145, 147, 192See also Ethnic

Christianity, 2, 4–6, 8, 11, 15, 22, 24,25, 27, 28n1, 31–53, 55n13, 67,68, 73–75, 80, 84, 85, 126, 130,134, 137, 138, 139, 146, 147,152, 162, 172–173, 175, 181,187, 188, 190, 192

Christianity in Java, 15Christian missionizing, 13, 34Javanized Christianity, 6, 40Missionaries, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,

41, 44, 72, 79, 134outdoor Christmas celebration,

59, 69proselytizing, 5, 74, 189urban Christianity, 39See also Christian(s)

Christianization, 6, 65, 70, 71,77, 82, 138

kristenisasi, 67Christian(s), 1–4, 6, 7, 9, 10–15, 18,

19–28, 28n3, 29n8, 31, 32, 34,36, 38, 39–42, 44–46, 49, 50, 52,54n11, 55n14, 57–85, 86n4,86n7, 89, 109–114, 119, 120,121, 125, 128, 129, 132–139,141, 143, 144, 146–148,151–176, 181–185, 187–190

Chinese Christians, 38, 129

Christian mayor, 59, 60, 63,65, 86n7

eating pork, 164Kristen putih, 40pork, 164, 165, 166, 168public passivity, 74secret superiority, 74statistical Christians, 44See also Ethnic Chinese

Christmas, 18, 59, 69, 80, 81, 169,170, 171, 173, 174, 179n13,179n16, 191

Church(es), 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 15,17–20, 23, 24, 25, 31, 37, 39, 40,43, 44, 46, 49, 50, 52, 54n12,55n13, 59, 60, 62, 63, 66, 68,70, 72–80, 126, 128, 134, 138,139, 144, 147, 161, 164, 175,182, 189, 191

building a new church, 79Ester, 15, 17–19, 23, 38, 74–77,

126, 129, 132, 138, 139Fendi, 15, 17–19, 23, 74, 77, 126,

137, 139, 143, 144GBI, 78GKI, 19, 65, 159GKJ, 15, 17, 18, 31, 40, 44–46,

62–65, 77, 128, 165Old church, 75

Citizenship, 5, 14, 143, 151, 155,157, 176

See also National identityClass

middle-class, 3, 18, 47, 96, 102,106, 114, 119, 132, 161

mobility, 47, 48priyayi, 35, 40, 42, 153social class, 47upward, 115, 134

Colonialism, 34, 79, 130, 148n3anti-colonial, 35colonial rule, 35

214 INDEX

colonization, 35, 36colonizers, 39post-colonial sentiments, 68See also Dutch

Commodification, 116Communism, 5, 41

communist party, 41–43Consumerism, 48, 116

See also CommodificationCosmopolitan, 4, 48, 49, 50, 52,

53, 137–139Cross-regional, 33Cultural change, 36, 103, 186, 189

See also Social changeCulture(s), 6, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23,

28n5, 33, 36, 38, 43, 45, 46, 47,74, 81, 95, 123n18, 130, 131,153, 163, 182, 185, 186, 188,190, 192

cultural, 1, 11, 13, 21–24, 27, 33,36, 44, 53, 67–69, 73, 95, 103,123n18, 126, 127, 129–131,133, 151, 157, 175, 177n4,186–189, 192

culturalist, 21culture shock, 18essentialized, 21heterogeneity, 11, 25, 175meaning, 22, 186mutual influences between, 21religious cultures, 22, 182, 185, 190worldviews, 22, 47, 48, 71, 87n17,

165, 188, 189, 191

DDemocracy, 43, 47, 48, 52, 55n14,

67, 69, 86n6, 123n19, 184majoritarian democracy, 69

Dialogic/Dialogically, 20, 21, 22,29n12, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41,50, 58, 64, 65, 71, 72, 80, 85,

103, 133, 168, 170, 176, 184,185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190,191, 192

Bakhtin, 21, 22, 71,103, 133, 185, 186,187, 188, 189

dialectical developments, 33dialogically articulating, 184dialogical narratives, 89dialogic imagination, 21, 80, 133,

168, 185, 186dialogic imaginings, 33, 191, 192double-accented, 189entangled (see Entangled)heterogeneous, 22heteroglossia, 21, 22, 188, 189the intentions of others, 133, 186speech genres, 103See also Bakhtin; Entangled piety;

SubjectivityDialogic religiosity, 20–22,

29n12, 33, 36, 40, 41,103, 170, 176, 186, 188,189, 191

co-evolution, 25Divorce, 32, 128, 149n4, 159

See also MarriageDutch, 12, 13, 23, 25, 34, 35,

36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 52, 53n4,53n5, 54n8, 54n9, 62, 67,130, 144, 175

EEducation, 5, 6, 11, 15, 36, 37, 40,

41, 47–49, 69, 70, 129, 130,152, 155, 177n5, 177n6, 188

modern education, 30n12, 41Embodiment, 11, 21,

28n7, 116, 119, 179n17pious embodiment, 116See also Piety

INDEX 215

Empowerment, 11, 18, 27,29n11, 39, 79, 82, 84,85, 115, 156, 183, 185

English, 48, 49, 50, 62, 79,81, 129, 137, 138, 139,177n4, 191

Entangled, 4, 20, 21, 33, 38,50, 60, 70, 72, 75, 85,116, 119, 130, 147, 148,168, 182, 183, 185,186, 192

See also DialogicEntangled piety, 70, 72, 186Eschatological, 80Ethnic Chinese, 3, 23, 24, 25,

26, 27, 40, 60, 125, 126,127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134,137, 138, 145, 147, 148,149n15, 166

Chinese middlemen, 35, 130Ethnicity, 23, 24, 26, 36, 81,

125–148, 182, 185ethnic, 2, 3, 23–27, 31, 40, 50, 52,

55n13, 60, 125, 126–141,144–148, 159, 166, 182, 192

ethnic churches, 24, 52, 55n13,134, 147, 182

ethnicity and religion, 24ethnic marker, 23, 27, 126minorities, 27, 134, 183stereotypes, 25, 26, 125

Ethnographic, 10, 18, 25, 26, 62, 90,101, 125, 132

Everyday life, 11, 52, 111, 118,151, 163

everyday sociality, 176ordinary people, 20, 68, 176See also Sociality

Everyday practices, 185daily necessity, 158, 163

Exchange, 27See also Reciprocity

FFanaticism, 9, 34, 42, 110, 191

fanatical, 7, 9, 115Feminism, 183Food, 27, 62, 98, 99, 105,

132, 151–176food taboos, 165social trust, 168, 185

GGeertz, Clifford, 4, 9, 10, 32, 33, 42,

46, 90, 92, 93, 94, 99, 121n3,122n10, 163, 187

Gender/Gendered, 3–5, 15, 24, 25,26, 27, 89, 92, 102, 113–116,120, 121, 125, 127, 130, 139,141, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148n2,151, 152, 153, 155, 157, 176,177n6, 179n17, 181–185,187, 192

and ethnicity, 26, 125, 179n17female, 15, 17, 59, 91, 92, 100,

102, 106, 109, 113, 114, 116,118, 119, 121, 126, 136, 138,140, 153, 166;adulthood, 119; authoritativevoice, 92; preacher, 136;pride, 116

pluralism, 181–185religious marker, 114headscarf, 42, 113, 114, 115, 116hierarchy, 183Islamic makeup, 116male/ men, 10, 26, 84, 90, 91, 92,

93, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104,106, 113, 114, 115, 118, 120,122n17, 125, 126, 127, 132,138, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147,148n3, 153, 154, 156, 171,177n6, 182–185

norms, 15, 139, 182, 187

216 INDEX

separation, 120sociality, 3, 4, 26, 185, 187social relations, 121, 144, 185women, 2–4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15,

24–26, 32, 39, 42, 48, 59,89–121, 125–127, 141–144,147, 148n4, 151, 153–157,160, 161, 163, 170, 171, 174,175, 182–185

See also Ethnicity; HeadscarvesGKI, see ChurchGKJ, 15, 17, 18, 31, 40, 44,

45, 46, 62, 63, 64, 65,77, 128, 165

See also ChurchGotong-royong, 95, 96, 99

HHabitus, 47, 95, 98, 99, 102, 106,

111, 122n4, 189Haji, see PilgrimageHalal, 163–168, 174Headscarf/Headscarves, 39, 42, 48,

59, 91, 92, 101, 113–119,122n18, 123n19, 126

to guard their honor, 122n17hair-covering, 123n18not an Islamic injunction, 123n18signs of rebellion, 123n17unveiling movements, 123n17

Hebrew, 49, 138, 139, 189Human agency, 72, 73Hybridity, 187, 188, 189

See also Bakhtin

IIbadah, 169Identity, 10, 17, 24, 27, 28n7, 32, 36,

44, 49, 52, 58, 70, 78, 79, 81, 84,85, 86n12, 113, 115, 116, 119,

139, 146, 147, 165, 176,178n11, 183, 184, 188, 189

Idul Fitri, 83, 104, 118, 169, 170,171, 173, 179n16, 191

Imperialism, 33, 148n3Independence Day, 139, 161India, 3, 33, 34Indigenous, 25, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38,

39, 41, 53n3, 67, 73, 79, 130Indonesian, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 15, 19,

21, 24, 26, 27, 33, 42, 44, 45,47–50, 53, 57–59, 66, 67, 68,72–74, 77–82, 85, 91, 96, 102,104, 105, 111, 112, 115, 125,127, 128, 130–140, 143–148,153, 158, 162–164, 169, 175,182, 183, 185, 187–190, 192

Inter-religious, 15, 20, 27, 53, 60, 63,85, 152, 169, 173, 181, 182,185, 186, 190

antagonism, 42class consciousness, 68cross-religious adoptions, 27, 152cross-religious solidarity, 27, 152,

157, 176Hindu–Muslim strife, 3inter-religious relations, 85,

181–182, 186intolerance, 72, 73, 175Muslim–Christian, 2, 12, 26, 28n3,

40, 42, 58, 59, 72, 78, 84, 85,109, 110, 112, 121, 165, 174,175, 181

Muslim–Christian boundaries,58, 165

Muslim–Christian politicalarrangement, 59

Muslim–Christian violence, 2,112, 181

See also PluralismIntersubjectivity, 72, 81, 87n17, 188

dietary subjectivity, 165, 168

INDEX 217

Intersubjectivity (cont.)linguistic subjectivity, 71See also Dialogic

Islam/Islamic, 1–11, 14, 15, 17, 18,22–27, 28n2, 28n6, 29n12,31–38, 40–50, 52, 53, 53n6,54n9, 55n13, 55n14, 58, 59,62–74, 80, 83, 84, 85, 89, 90, 91,96, 97, 100–110, 113–121,122n17, 123n17, 123n18, 125,130, 134, 147, 152, 158, 159,161–164, 169, 171–175,179n16, 181–184, 187–192

demonization of Islam, 80Fasting, 91, 163, 181halal, 165, 166, 168, 173, 174Idul Adha, 81, 104Idul Fitri, 83, 104, 118, 168, 191Islamic expression, 187, 191Islamic fanaticism, 42Islamic feminism, 183Islamic greetings, 27, 152, 161,

173, 187Islamic language, 187Islamic prayer, 161, 162, 163,

173, 174Islamic reformism, 6, 36Islam in Salatiga, 1–4, 7, 10, 12–15,

19, 20, 23, 25, 26, 42–45, 48,57–60, 62–75, 78–85, 90, 91,93, 94, 103, 108–112,114–116, 118–120, 125, 129,131, 158, 159, 166, 169, 171,175, 181, 182, 185, 190

Islamic sensibilities, 41Islamization, 4, 15, 27, 33, 69, 75,

91, 175memorial rituals, 45, 46Muslim, 1–7, 9–15, 18, 19, 21, 23,

25–28, 31–49, 52, 57–60,62–75, 78–85, 89–94, 97, 99,102, 103, 109–121, 125, 131,

138, 158–163, 165, 166,168–175, 181–185, 187–190

politicization of Islam, 41reformist, 4, 6, 9, 15, 37, 41, 44,

45, 49, 69, 70, 73, 91, 103,121n1, 182, 187

sermon group, 8, 10, 15, 17, 18, 23,26, 90, 103, 104, 116, 118,168, 182, 183

sermons, 8, 10, 15, 17, 18, 23, 26,66, 90, 91, 103–106, 110, 115,116, 118, 168, 182, 183

tahlilan, 18, 46traditionalist, 4, 37, 41, 45,

69, 91, 103Islamic resurgence, 3, 7, 10, 11, 15,

18, 26, 47, 65, 89, 109, 158Islamization in society, 175See also Religious movements

Islamic revival(s), 5, 7, 10, 11, 26,66, 67, 70, 72, 90, 120, 121,175, 182

See also Islamic resurgenceIslamophobia, 34

JJavanese

culture, 23, 95gender ideologies, 148n2history, 53Javanized, 6, 40middle-class, 102, 106, 119,

132, 161Javanese society, 25, 60,

80, 92, 127,185, 188

gendered sociality, 3, 4, 185inter-religious harmony, 53, 63,

181, 182Javanese traditions, 4, 44local spirits, 45

218 INDEX

multi-religious, 4, 25, 161, 166,182, 191

mutual help, 94, 95, 96, 99neighborhood, 25, 60, 92, 182, 185neighborhood communities, 94,

120, 183, 185sociability, 106, 182, 185, 192spiritual cults, 42

Jilbab, 59, 114, 116–118, 175See also Headscarves

KKampung, 2, 95

See also NeighborhoodKendhuren, 99, 100Kyai, 24, 38, 39, 41, 64, 189

LLandscape, 42, 48, 53, 57, 58, 60, 70,

85, 89, 172, 173, 189LDII, 8, 9, 132, 133Lebanon, 121, 184Lebaran, 170, 171

See also Idul FitriLegitimacy, 21, 68, 75, 79, 85, 169Linguistic, 50, 71, 87n17, 106, 108,

186, 187

MMarriage, 1, 2, 6, 23, 32, 66, 98, 109,

128–130, 141, 142Maulud, 90–92, 104, 121n1

See also SlametanMeanings, 11, 28n5, 57, 114–119,

135, 152, 157, 186See also Entangled piety

Middle-class, 3, 18, 47, 96, 102, 106,114, 119, 122n17, 132, 161

Middle East, 3, 26, 36, 55n14, 81,115, 122n17–123n17, 183

Minority, 3, 7, 10, 14, 28n3, 29n12, 47,50, 58, 65, 66, 68, 73, 77, 82–84,110, 127, 134, 137, 139, 145–146,147, 162, 165, 176, 189, 190

minorities, 2–4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 25, 27,85, 90, 119, 126, 134, 143,147, 168, 175, 183–185, 190

Miracle, 74–79, 146Modernity/modern, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 23,

25, 33, 40, 41, 44, 45–48, 53, 73,115, 121, 157, 122n17–123n17,183, 184, 188

modern culture, 46modernize, 25, 46pembangunan, 153prosperity, 25, 184simultaneously religious and

modern, 47Western imagination of, 184Western modernity, 121, 184

Modernization, 27, 126, 153Modin, 32, 36Mosque(s), 10, 14, 17, 19–20, 26, 39,

59–60, 62–64, 66, 68, 70, 73, 75,83, 90, 91, 104, 106, 109, 115,117, 118, 120, 175, 189

neighborhood mosque, 26, 90, 104new mosques, 75

Mount Merapi, 172, 173Muhammadiyah, 9, 15, 17, 37, 40, 41,

42, 49, 52, 55n18, 63, 66–70,85, 91, 103, 104, 119

Mujizat, 74, 77, 174Multi-religious, 4, 12, 25, 58, 59, 147,

155, 161, 166, 174, 175, 181,182, 190, 191

Muslim, 1–7, 9–15, 18, 19, 21, 23,25–28, 31–49, 52, 57–60, 62–75,78–85, 89–94, 97, 99, 102, 103,109–121, 125, 131, 138,158–163, 165, 166, 168–175,181–185, 187–190

INDEX 219

Muslim (cont.)Javanist Muslim(s), 25, 40, 42, 52,

115 (see also Abangan)perceived inferiority, 68reformist, 4, 6, 9, 15, 37, 41, 45,

49, 69, 70, 73, 91, 103, 121n1,182, 187

santri, 36, 39, 40–42, 68,115, 158

See also IslamMysticism, 46

NNahdlatul Ulama, 37National identity, 183

nation, 181, 183national greeting, 163

Nationalism, 6, 137–139, 147Pancasila, 6, 43

Neighborhood, 90greeting, 8, 9, 27, 91, 106, 151,

160–163, 168–169, 171middle-class neighborhoods,

96, 106mosque (see Mosque(s))pengajian (see Pengajian)religiously mixed neighborhood, 3,

89, 157RT, RW, see Rites of passagesociable, 7, 109, 110, 111, 112, 120sociality, 3–4, 9, 11–12, 17, 26,

106, 113, 121, 161, 176,185, 190

women’s neighborhoodorganization, 27, 29n11, 128,152, 153, 156

See also Javanese societyNeoliberal, 48, 141New Order regime, 5, 6, 43, 47,

123n19, 130, 153Nigeria, 80, 135

OThe other, 192

See also The Self

PPalestine, 3, 48, 82Palestinians, 26, 48, 82, 85Pancasila, 6, 43, 59, 70, 81, 83

See also National identityPDI-P, 58, 59Pengajian, 15, 18, 92, 99, 100,

103–106, 108–110, 113,120, 161

Christian women and men, 26ngaji, 31, 103See alsoWomen and Islam; Women's

Islamic sermon groupsPentecostalism, 17, 18, 24, 25, 50, 52,

54n11, 54n12, 55n13, 75–78,80, 128–130, 134, 135,137–139, 143, 146–148, 159,160, 183

anti-materialism, 136Pentecostal churches, 15, 17, 50,

52, 78, 79, 134, 164, 182, 191See also Charismatic Christianity;

CommunismPerformance, 33, 44, 87n17, 108,

119, 120, 127, 163, 176Piety(ies), 1, 3, 9, 11, 17, 18, 20, 21,

25, 27, 35, 38, 44, 48, 70, 72, 98,102, 103, 105, 106, 109, 110,112–114, 116–121, 129, 141,147, 148, 151, 152, 176, 181,183, 185, 186, 189, 191, 192

embodied, 20–21external piety, 117gendered pieties, 151Islamic piety, 27, 35, 48, 106, 114,

152, 191pious modern, 184

220 INDEX

public expressions of, 152puritan piety, 11See also Modernity

Pilgrimage, 32, 36, 37, 104pilgrims, 35

PKK, 183the Five Duties of Women, 153, 154multi-religious aspect of, 155stereotypes about, 157the Ten Tenets, 154

Pluralism, 2–4, 6, 17, 19, 20, 24, 27,33, 47, 52, 63, 67, 68, 73, 74, 84,85, 151–176, 181–185, 186,187, 192

collective sanctification of, 176cross-religious, 4, 11, 163, 173, 183the discourse of, 6, 163, 175, 186Islamic discourses of

democratization, 47religious diversity, 4, 27religious pluralism, 3, 6, 33, 74, 85,

152, 161, 173–175, 176, 185state pluralism, 73, 182stratified pluralism, 185See also Hybridity

Post-colonial, 23, 26, 60, 65, 67, 68,70, 85, 182

Post-9/11 America, 122n17Power, 3, 6, 40, 43, 46, 50, 59, 69,

79, 96, 105, 130, 131, 132, 147,175, 176, 186, 187, 190

asymmetrical power relations, 175empower, 79, 187power relations, 175, 176, 186,

187, 190unequal relations of, 176

Prayer, 2, 14, 18, 27, 45, 75, 77,81, 83, 84, 90, 91, 96, 99, 106,113, 118, 128, 160, 161, 163,174, 187

See also Javanese societyProphet Muhammad, 9, 91

Prosperity gospel, 50, 137, 184See also Charismatic Christianity

Public life, 10, 27, 115, 183Public rituals, see Syukuran

QQur’an, 26, 31, 37, 91, 104, 108, 114,

115, 123n18, 160, 161, 179n13Qur’anic recitation, 31, 91,

108, 114Qur’anic verses, 104See also Islam

RRebana, 91, 98, 109

See also SyukuranReciprocity, 45, 95, 99, 155, 157, 190

food sharing, 27, 152, 163, 164moral obligation, 95See also Sociality

Religion(s), 2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 21, 24, 27,33, 36, 43–46, 49, 58, 60, 66, 67,72–74, 80, 81, 104, 119–121,128, 134, 137, 147, 160–162,171–173, 175, 176, 181, 182,188–192

dialogic religiosity (see Dialogicreligiosity)

inter-religiosity, 12Religiosity, 4, 5, 9, 12, 20–22, 31, 33,

36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 48, 72, 85, 92,103, 113, 121, 133, 139, 161,170, 176, 186, 188, 189, 191

See also PietyReligious cultures, 22, 182, 185, 190

religious authority, 33traditional religions, 6, 22

Religious difference, 2, 68, 136, 152,157, 173, 190, 192

INDEX 221

Religious freedom, 66, 72, 74, 85,175, 190

individual matter, 73individual voluntarism, 78inner faith, 117See also Religious tolerance

Religious identity(ies), 10, 26, 27, 32,36, 41, 42, 44, 58, 80, 85, 113,115, 171, 176, 182, 188

politicized, 41, 42, 115Religious leadership, 183

charismatic leadership, 39Religious movements, 12, 28n5,

29n12, 47, 55n14, 186, 192Religious other, 2, 36, 38, 133,

175, 191Religious tolerance, 15, 181, 186

inter-religious dialogue, 182, 186See also Pluralism

Rewang, 99, 106, 109See also Reciprocity

Rites of passagecircumcision, 10, 93, 98, 100funerals, 93, 96, 100weddings, 10, 93, 96, 98, 100

Ritual mealskendhuren, 99–100rewang, 99RT, RW (see Neighborhood)slametan, 44, 96, 99syukuran, 96, 97

RT, 10, 14, 29n11, 95, 96, 97, 110,111, 113, 118, 132, 155–157,160–163, 169, 170, 185, 187,189

Rukun, 29n11, 94, 95RW, 10, 14, 29n11, 95, 96,

97, 111, 113, 118, 155,156, 185

SSalatiga, 1–4, 7, 10, 12–15, 17, 19,

20, 23, 25, 26, 28n6, 29n8,42–45, 48, 53, 54n8, 57–87, 90,91, 93, 94, 96, 103, 105, 106,108–112, 114–116, 118–120,121n1, 125–127, 129, 131, 134,144, 146, 154–156, 158, 159,164, 166, 169, 171, 175,178n12, 179n16, 181, 182, 185,190, 191

Christian strongholds, 42Secular, 37, 47, 48, 121, 191The self, 192Sexuality, 119, 155

See also AuratShalawat Nabi, 91, 113Shalom, see SialomSholat, 101Sialom, 49, 138Singing, 44, 81, 90–92, 109, 137, 160Slametan, 36, 44, 45, 90, 92, 96, 99,

104, 106See also Syukuran

Small talk, 105, 106, 108See also Social interaction

Social actors, 22, 103, 118, 157,176, 186

Social change, 95, 99, 103, 120Social control, 95, 155Social interaction, 152, 182, 183, 185

everyday life, 11negotiated, 20the ongoing processes, 21See also Sociality

Sociality, 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 17, 26, 44,106, 113, 121, 161, 163,174–176, 183, 185, 187, 189, 190

See also Dialogic; Javanese society

222 INDEX

Social justice, 43, 48Social relations, 1, 14, 18, 21,

37, 62, 98, 110, 121,144, 161

Social stigma, 118, 131See also Reciprocity

Spiritual, 36, 38, 42, 77,125, 128, 129, 135,138, 146, 163

STAIN, 63, 65, 69, 70, 91Subjectivity

intersubjectivity/intersubjective, 72, 81,86n17, 148, 165,168, 188

non-secular, 47, 48See also Intersubjectivity

Suharto, 2, 43, 47, 48, 69,123n19, 130, 131, 152,156, 158

See also New Order regimeSunna, 37, 55n14, 91

See also IslamSuper-addressee, 21, 71Syukuran, 45, 93, 96, 97,

104, 109, 110, 120

TTerrorism, 59, 191Tolerance, 15, 72, 73, 175, 181–192

harmony, 181Transnational, 49, 53, 84Transnational identity, 84Turkey, 121, 122n17

UUKSW, 15, 17, 49, 59, 69, 70, 86n6,

86n11, 116, 145, 164Un-Indonesian, 115

VViolence, 2, 3, 52, 55n14, 112, 131,

145, 181, 191

WWeddings, see Rites of passageWestern, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41, 44, 48,

73, 74, 121, 153, 183, 184atheism, 48moral decadence, 48, 121utilitarianism, 48

Women, see GenderWomen and Islam, 10, 183

image of Muslim women, 184the prominence of women, 11, 25,

26stereotypes, 184women recite the Qur’an in front of

men, 115See also Gender

Women’s Islamic sermon groups, 15,18, 23, 26, 182, 183

See also Pengajian

YYugoslavia, 3, 166YUIS, 62, 63, 65

INDEX 223