Globalization and GMOsBy: Uniqwia BrownSeptember 30, 2015INT 301

What are GMOs?

• GMO (Genetically modified organism)-is a living organism in (plant or animal) whose genetic composition has been altered by means of gene technology

• The FDA first approved the MacGregor’s tomato in 1994. The tomato’s genetic code has been turned off in order to slow down the ripe process.

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GMO Food Pyramid

Pros

▪ Increased yields .

▪ Higher net returns (from farmer’s perspective)

▪ Less management and Time saving to use GMOs

▪ Decreased herbicide and pesticide use

Cons

• Weeds can evolve to become ‘superweeds’ due to herbicide resistance.

• Destroys ecosystems

• Corporations control the research that is done on GMOs.

• No label on GMOs, so consumers do not know what they are buying.

Why are GMOs not labeled?

• The FDA does not require GMO foods to be labeled.

• The FDA claims genetically modified foods opposes no risk than other foods.

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Why does the United States Still Use GMOs

• 90 percent of genetically modified crops of corn, soybeans, and cotton are planted by US farmers.

• More profit over time

• Farmers states it is more time manageable.

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Austrian Farmers in Opposition Against GMOs

• Farmers cannot compete with big corporations due to new technology changes that produces efficiently at higher levels.

• Austria and France greatly oppose GMOs due to the fact all are organic farmers.

• Austria has the NIMBY rule ( ‘not-in-my-backyard’) while France has the Confédération Paysanne (CP)

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Resolutions

▪ GMOs should be labeled so the consumer knows what they are buying.

▪ Herbicide and Pesticides need to be used at a minimum because more weeds are becoming resistant and would require something stronger/more toxic each time.

▪ More organic farmers need to come together in order to compete with big corporations such as Monsanto

References Images

• http://www.bevnet.com/news/2014/press-clips-gmos-and-consumer-behavior/• http://www.commondreams.org/views/2015/04/01/feeding-world-without-gmos• http://sitsshow.blogspot.com/2015/02/read-produce-sticker-codes-conventional.html• http://organics.org/pros-and-cons-of-gmos/• http://www.dailyyonder.com/letter-langdon-hungry-gmo/2014/02/27/7225/Sources• http://www.zengardner.com/the-gmo-food-pyramid/• Atkinson, Taylor. "GMOs Do More Harm than Good." University Wire, 23 Apr. 2015. Web. 30 Sept. 2015.

<http://search.proquest.com.proxy-s.mercer.edu/education/docview/1675113106/F7EC5F39DE384253PQ/16?accountid=12381#content>.

• Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge, Seth Wechsler, Mike Livingston, and Lorraine Mitchell. "Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States." SSRN Electronic Journal SSRN Journal (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 29 Sept. 2015. <http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/1282246/err162.pdf>.

• "GMOs Harm Environment, Empower Corporations and Appropriate Culture." Proquest. Wellesley News, 2015. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. <http://search.proquest.com.proxy-s.mercer.edu/education/docview/1646875966/F7EC5F39DE384253PQ/7?accountid=12381#content>

• Seifert, Franz. "Consensual Nimbys, Contentious Niabys: Explaining Contrasting Forms Of Farmers GMO Opposition In Austria And France." Sociologia Ruralis 49.1 (2009): 20-40. Academic Search Complete. Web. 29 Sept. 2015.

• Shaw, Donna. "FDA GIVES APPROVAL FOR ALTERED TOMATO THE MACGREGOR'S TOMATO IS THE FIRST GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOOD TO BE FOUND SAFE. SKEPTICISM REMAINS, HOWEVER." The Philadelphia Inquirer 19 May 1994, FINAL EDITION ed., NATIONAL sec.: A01. Lexis Nexis. Web. 28 Sept. 2015. <http://www.lexisnexis.com.proxy-s.mercer.edu/lnacui2api/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T22707508006&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T22707508010&cisb=22_T22707508009&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=247189&docNo=3>.