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Frequently asked Questions
• Is global warming occurring?
• Why does global warming occur?
• How do we predict global warming?
• Are the current climate models reliable?
Global Mean Changes in Surface Temperature (°C) and Precipitation / Evaporation (%)
∆TsG ∆Precip.
= ∆Evap.
2050 +2.3ºC +5.3%
4xC +5.5ºC +12.7%
Soil Moisture Change (in percent)
= [(Wafter – Wbefore) / Wbefore ] x 100
Wbefore : soil moisture before global warming
Wafter : soil moisture after global warming
Summary
• Water-Rich Regions:
Increased Water Availability (e.g., River Discharge)
Increased Frequency of Intense Flood
• Water-Poor Regions:
Increased Frequency of Drought
Gradual Outward Expansion of Desert
Enhance the Existing Contrast between Water-Rich and Water-Poor Region of the World
Climate Change - a Multiplier for Instability
Recent Conflicts
DemographyDemography Crop decline Hunger Coastal riskWater scarcity
Long-Term , Global Monitoring
1. Distribution of
(a) Precipitation (histogram of intensity)
(b) Snow Cover, Glacier & Ice Sheets
(c) Soil Moisture
(d) Vegetation & Permafrost
2. Rate of river discharge
Through in-situ and satellite observation (e.g., visible, microwave, long-wave radiation, etc)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
S / N = ∆ / σ
∆ ; Change due to Global Warming
σ ; Standard Deviation: Natural Variability
S/N (Rainfall) >> S/N (Temperature)
Improved Management of Water Resources
• Desalinization
• Filtering / Recycling
• Conservation
• Storage (Dam, Artificial Lake)
• Pipeline and Canal
• Genetic Engineering Agriculture
• Changes in Agricultural Practice