Global University Blockchain Workshop · 2020. 6. 30. · Support both scale-up and scale-out • Multi-layer cross-shard service 3-dimens of sharding • Network sharding • State

Global University

Blockchain WorkshopStart your genesis block

2

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Be a Part of the Future• Raise questions and discuss during the course

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Global University Blockchain Workshop

3

THE RUNDOWN

01Final webThe future

02Way to Final WebWay to the future

03What can we doOntology’s solution to the future

04What can you doBe a Part of the Future

05 Q & A

4

FINAL WEBLet’s start from the Web

Final web

5

“The Web as I

envisaged it,

we have not seen

it yet. The future

is still so much

bigger than the

past.” (2009)

– Founder of World Wide Web

Sir Tim Berners-Lee

Who is this

handsome

gentleman?

*Picture resource: Internet

Final web // Web 1.0/2.0

6

1.0

2.0

Web Portal

Social Network

What are the problems

in Web 1.0/2.0 ?

• The truth

• Private data

• Top market

• Etc.

What is Web 1.0/2.0?

Final web // Web 1.0/2.0

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What might

Web 3.0 be ?

Final web // Web 3.0

8

“Using the WWW

infrastructure to create a

global, decentralized,

weblike mesh of machine-

processable knowledge.”

“Using the WWW

infrastructure to create a

global, decentralized,

weblike mesh of machine-

processable knowledge.”

– Founder of World Wide Web

Sir Tim Berners-Lee


Final web // Web 3.0

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WHY? Decentralized

Knowledge

Final web // Decentralized

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Distribution of the network


Centralised (A) Decentralised (B) Distributed (C)


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Decentralized Web*Centralized Web

Centralized

Unclear data ownership

Abuse of resources without permission

Moral trust

Trust process based on third parties

Unquantifiable

Decentralized

Digitized data ownership

Self-sovereign resources

Technical / legal / social trust

Independent trust

Quantifiable


* Decentralized Web (TRUST Network)

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WHY? Decentralized

Knowledge

Final web // Knowledge

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Linked Entropy Reducing

Only Valuable Info is Knowledge

Valuable …

Final web // Knowledge

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WHAT?Web of Society• Self-sovereign identity & data

• Data privacy & protection

• Web-like linked data

• Transparency on the path of properties-class

Trust

Knowledge

Final web // Web of Society

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HOW? Decentralized

Knowledge

Final web // How to decentralized

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Web of Society

• Dynamic

rental service

• Self-sovereign identity &data

• Data privacy & protection

• Web-like linked data

• Transparency on the pathof properties-class

Cloud OntologyBlockchain

• User becomes a

stakeholder

• Trust + Stability

• Benign competitive

business environment

• Traceability &

Transparence

• Self-sovereign

linked data

→ + =

Final web // How to decentralized

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Web 3.0Final Web

Final web // Final Web

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WAY TO

FINAL WEB

Way to final web

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TRUSTInfrastructure

?

Way to final web // Trust Network

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TRUST NetworkTraditional Web

Centralized trust

Unclear data ownership

Trust process based on third parties

Abuse of resources without permission

Unquantifiable

Decentralized trust



Independent trust


Quantifiable

Moral trust


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How to TRUST ?


22

TRUST NetworkNetwork Components

Decentralized network

Blockchain infrastructure

Self-sovereign identity

Self-sovereign data token

Distributed data exchange framework

Decentralized trust



Independent trust


Quantifiable

Smart contract mechanism (code is law)


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Three dimensions of trust infrastructure

NETWORK

Trust the decentralized network for consensus algorithm with certain hypothesis

DATA PROCESSING AND MANAGEMENT

Trust the decentralized applications for the traceability of actions and permission control

on self-sovereign data

IDENTITY

Trust the dApp users for their clear immutable action log with verifiable claims/signatures

of their self-sovereign identities

Way to final web // Three dimensions of trust infrastructure

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……

Economics

CryptographySociology

TechnologySystematics

A decentralized network infrastructure

Way to final web // A decentralized network infrastructure

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How to design a blockchain project?

Way to final web // Blockchain project

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Governance Model

Token Economics Model

Network Hypothesis

Consensus Algorithm


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Consensus algorithm

Scalability

SecurityPerformance

Safety

Fault

ToleranceLiveness

Trilemma

Blockchain project


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Data =

Credential + Rights

Cross-border

of Traditional Business

Token For Trust

Endorsement

Asset-based

Exchange

Data

AssetizationTrust Asset

Linkable Exchangeable

Economics Token Economics


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BUSINESS

The Market

INFRASTRUCTURE

The Market Blockchain


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EthereumEOS



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Ontology


32

Knowledge – Next Phase of Ontology


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WHAT CAN WE DO?

What can we do

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New Generation of

Multi-Chain Infrastructure

A Distributed

Collaboration Platform

What is Ontology?

// OntologyWay to final web

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Performance

issues

Different business

requirements

Digital

economy

Real

economy

Way to final web // Ontology

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200+Core Members

2,000,000+Community Contributors

900+Technical Contributors

19Languages


37

TRUST Redefined


38

Our Output

ONT ID Cross-chainDDXF Sharding MainNet

Way to final web // Our output

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DECENTRALIZED IDENTITY

Framework integrates multi-dimensional trust to provide secure, credible and fine-grained identity management.

• Self-sovereign Identity

• Qualification and verification of identities


ONT IDTrust the dApp users for their clear immutable action log with verifiable claims/signatures of their self-sovereign identities

Way to final web // ONT ID

40Way to final web // ONT ID

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Decentralized Data Exchange Framework (DDXF)

Supports cross-system data interoperability, data-based value assessment and

data processing tracking.

SELF-SOVEREIGN DATA

• Off-chain

• Data access tokenization

• Data processing and transaction attestation

DATA INTEROPERABILITY CROSS SYSTEMS

• Resource exchange and data interaction through data pattern change, token

transfer and transaction

Way to final web // DDXF

42Way to final web // DDXF

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Sharding

// ShardingWay to final web

Ontology Sharding named “Multi-Layered”

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Root Chain

Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract

SHARD 1 SHARD 2 SHARD 3 SHARD 4 SHARD 5

Contract

range

0 … 20

Contract

range

21 … 40

Contract

range

41 … 60

Contract

range

61 … 80

Contract

range

81 … 100

{#: 11} {#: 32} {#: 54} {#: 68} {#: 95}

Way to final web // Sharding

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Root Chain


SHARD 6SHARD 5 SHARD 7

Support both scale-up and scale-out

• Multi-layer cross-shard service

3-dimens of sharding

• Network sharding

• State sharding

• Transaction sharding


46

Why is Ontology Sharding named “Multi-Layered”?


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Sharding

• For scalability

• From one blockchain to multiple parallel blockchains

• Be as safe as one blockchain

// Sharding

48

Sharding – Evolution of Multi-Processor

• For scalability

• From single thread to multiple threads

• The difficulty is from design of

memory system


49

contract state

virtual machine virtual machine

contract

state

contract

state

contract

state

Sharding – Evolution of Multi-Processor

• For scalability

• From single blockchain to multiple

parallel shard chains

• The difficulty is from design of

memory system


50

How the memory system support parallel shard chains?

Common Miner Set

Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract Contract


Contract

range

0 … 20

Contract

range

21 … 40

Contract

range

41 … 60

Contract

range

61 … 80

Contract

range

81 … 100

{#: 11} {#: 32} {#: 54} {#: 68} {#: 95}

Blockchain Sharding


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Sharding Performance

For performance

• maximize parallel part

• minimize serial part

Sharding by smart-contract

• smart-contract

• local state

• transactions to shard contracts


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Blockchain Shard `memory system`

• Defines how blockchain shards interact

with each other.

• Blockchain is durable computing system

Blocks record history, and the history must

be able to be replayed.

• Consensus algorithm defines how to

generate the chain of blocks.

Consensus

• Safety

if (protocol-following) nodes do decide on

values, then they will decide on values that

do not conflict.

• Liveness

any (protocol-following) node will eventually

make a decision that accepts or rejects any

given value.


53

CBC: Correct-by-Construction

Properties of Blockchain Consensus

For each of these protocols：

We will define：• Protocol messages

So protocol states and their transitions are defined

(sets of messages with no more than t faults)

• An estimator

So that we can relate protocol states to values of the

consensus

Because that’s all we need to satisfy the cbc framwork


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Safety of CBC Estimator

Estimate Safety:

• A proposition p is safe at protocol state 𝜎, if it holds for the estimator for all future protocol states 𝜎’.

Safety Oracle

• If:

– There is an e-clique in 𝜎 of non-Equivocating nodes with total weight We

– The total weight of all validators is Wt

Then:

• Clique e is safe in 𝜎 for a protocol with fault tolerance t < 2 * We - Wt

• The estimator will agree with the largest majority of latest messages. (e.g. GHOST)


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Messages among Shards

• Ordering of xshard messages, to keep

blockchain replay-able

• Validation of cross-shard messages

• Reasonable message passing latency


56

Safety of CBC Shard Block Estimator

`Merge blocks`represents atomic-syncing-

blocks among shard chains.

Protocol messages:

Very similar to the blockchain, but:

• There”s chain for every every shard

• They can share “merge blocks”


57

Root Shard

Shard-1 Shard-2 Shard-3

Shard-5 Shard-6Shard-4

Ontology Multi-Layered Sharding

• Child shards follow their parent.

• Parent shard is contained in child shards.

• `Merge block` is in the parent’s fork choice.

`Merge block` is atomic

• Child shards are verifiable-randomly

ordered by their parent.


58

• Parent shard is contained by its all child shards

• Child shard block must bind with one parent shard block

1002 1003 1004 1005 1006

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

0 1 2 3 4

200 201 202

Estimator Safety:

A proposition p is safe at protocol

state 𝜎, if it holds for the estimator

for all future protocol states 𝜎’.

`Merge Blocks` in Ontology Sharding


59

It’s a MULTI-LAYERED consensus system or Hierarchical consensus system.

Why is Ontology Sharding named “Multi-Layered”?


60

More about Ontology sharding?

• XShard messaging

• XShard Atomic transaction processing

• XShard Governance (Fee Settlements)

• ...


61

• Infinite expansion with chain peers

• Improving TPS bottleneck and reducing storage pressure

• Value anchoring of gas fee throughout chain network

• Secure cross-chain transactions

• Well defined of relayers' incentive mechanism

• Broad business scenarios

Cross-Chain

// Cross-ChainWay to final web

62

DEVELOP WITH ONTOLOGY

Develop with Ontology

63

Decentralized Blockchain Application (dApp)

A dApp is a ‘blockchain enabled’ website, that runs on a peer-to-peer network of computers rather than a

single server, where the Smart Contract is what allows it to connect to the blockchain. It contains both

front-end and back-end and run independently on all nodes.

Back-End Back-End Back-End

Front-End Front-End Front-End

Smart Contracts

Develop with Ontology // dApp

64

• Decentralized

No one controlling power.

• Protocol / Algorithm

Open protocol to everyone.

• Incentive

Crypto tokens are used to reward participants.

• Blockchain

Code / Data stored in a blockchain.

Back-End Back-End Back-End

Front-End Front-End Front-End

Smart Contracts

Key Features of a dApp


65

How to develop a dApp

Infra

Engineering

Smart contract

mechanism

Design

Governance

model

Token economics

model

Network

hypothesis

Governance

contract

Staking / gasgeneration & circulation

Consensus

Network Infra

dApp(s) Other dApp(s) FT/NFT/PFT

Biz app(s)

Know your project

• Design

Setup the project

• Choose Platform, Framework

• Design UI, Protocol, APIS

Code the application

• Smart-Contract, Front-End, Back-End

Deploy and Test Your dApp

• Make sure fully tested

01

02

03

04


66

Before we start coding …

Develop with Ontology // Ready to code

67

How dApp run on Ontology blockchain?

How Ontology blockchain run?

Which part of dApp run on Ontology blockchain?

How smart-contract work?

How to interact with smart-contracts on Ontology blockchain?


68

How Ontology blockchain run?

• Decentralized P2P network

• Messages are broadcasted to

all nodes

• Blocks are relayed in network

• Blocks are processed and verified

by all nodes

world state

contracts

world state

contracts

world state

contracts...


69

• Transaction (Message)

- contract address

- input arguments

• Code

- executed by virtual machine

• Data

argument

saddress

..

.

Transaction from network

Address

World state 𝜎t

code storage

Address

World state 𝜎t+1

code storage

Virtual Machine

updated

User Account

Virtual Machine

code

Message

Gas

Refund

Transaction

Gas supply

World state 𝜎t

How smart contract work?


70

• Front-End

• App

• Back-End

• SDK

• Protocol

• Smart Contract ABI

(Application Binary

Interface)

• Blockchain

• Virtual Machine

Address code

storage

App Server

SDK

http

ABIABI

How to interact with smart contracts on Ontology?


71

All you need to Develop with Ontology


72

Smart Contract and VM

VM / Language

Light contract Solidity / EVM; Python / NEO VM

Complex contract WASM (EOS; Ontology; ETH 2.0)

Optimize for Finance Move (Facebook)

VM Language

NEO VM Python

WASM VM C++; Rust

Ontology multi-VM solution



73

• dApp Development Framework (Punica)

http://punica.ont.io/docs/punica/

https://punica.gitbook.io/docs/

http://punica.ont.io/tutorials/

• Online Smart-Contract IDE

https://smartx.ont.io/#/

• Chrome Plugin Wallet (Cyano)

https://github.com/ontio-cyano

• SDKs

https://ontio.github.io/documentation/ontology_over

view_sdks_en.html

https://github.com/ontio/ontology-java-sdk

https://github.com/ontio/ontology-ts-sdk

https://github.com/ontio/ontology-python-sdk




https://punica.gitbook.io/docs/

http://punica.ont.io/tutorials/


https://github.com/ontio-cyano

https://ontio.github.io/documentation/ontology_overview_sdks_en.html

https://github.com/ontio/ontology-java-sdk

https://github.com/ontio/ontology-ts-sdk

https://github.com/ontio/ontology-python-sdk

74

Smart contract development using Punica and SmartX – The Basics

Prerequisites

• Punica – Ontology dApp development framework

• SmartX – Ontology’s online smart contract IDE and debugger

• Cyano wallet – Google Chrome extension

• Explorer – Web based public tool used to track blockchain activity and transactions in general

1. Project setup

2. Launching SmartX

3. Start writing the program logic

4. Deployment and testing

Demo


75

Have a try now!

Develop with Ontology // Coding now

76

Setup your Project with Punica


Step 1



77

Code your Smart-Contract with SmartX

https://smartx.ont.io/

Step 2



78

Code, Compile, Deploy, Test

1. Install Cyano

2. Apply Test Ong from https://developer.ont.io/applyOng

3. ABI

4. Deploy https://explorer.ont.io/testnet

5. Test

Step 3


https://developer.ont.io/applyOng

https://explorer.ont.io/testnet

79

Build dApp: Interact with Blockchain


Step 4



80

Try ONT ID now!

Develop with Ontology // ONT ID

81Develop with Ontology

Infra

Engineering

Smart contract mechanism

Design

Governance model

Token economics model

Network hypothesis

Governance contract

Staking / gasgeneration & circulation

Consensus

Network Infra

dApp(s) Other dApp(s) FT/NFT/PFT

Biz app(s)

// ONT ID


Application

ONT ID Address (wallet) Storage

DataDigital assetProof of the capability

to own the digital asset

BusinessGet ready for

business

Claim

Token

&

DToke

n

TokenizationAssetization

// ONT ID

83Develop with Ontology // ONT ID


W eb-appO N T ID

Signing SD KSigning server

Account

O N T AuthforEnd user(s)

Trust Anchor

(TA)

C laimFactory

C laim storeSign m achine

O N T ID

O ntology N am e System

(O N S)

Ontology m

ainnet

W eb-appO N T ID

W eb-app

W eb-app

D elegate and get notified for new w eb-apps

O N T ID m anagem entm ap ontology dom ain w ith w eb-app account

claim and proof

anonym ous credential

bring qualified

O ntology m ainnet

Self-sovereignC laim store

R ESTful

R ESTful

// ONT ID



W eb-app

O N T IDSigning SD K

Signing server

Account

End user(s)

O N T ID

O ntology N am e System

(O N S)

Ontology m

ainnet

W eb-appO N T ID

O N T ID m anagem entm ap ontology dom ain w ith w eb-app account

R ESTful

generate, m ap and m anage

delegate

Sign api

// ONT ID



W eb-app

O N T IDSigning SD K

Signing server

Account

O N T AuthforEnd user(s)

Sign m achineO N T ID

Ontology m

ainnet

R ESTful

D ataD Token and M arketplace

SD K

M arket-place server

R ESTful

R esource Audit SD K

D ata Storage

AuditR ESTful

M arket-place

contract

D Tokencontract

// ONT ID


90

WHAT CAN YOU DO?


91

Welcome to Blockchain World, Seed Developers!

• Get your ONE & ONLY Certificate

• Scan QR code

• Active it on chain with ONT Auth

• Pass to Klein Bottle Challenge

• Join Ontology

• Start your genesis block

To be part of future // Join Ontology

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Self-sovereign Identity & Personal Claims Tool

Ontology Authenticator


93

Ontology Klein Bottle Challenge

• Technical capability and marketing resources

• Full-scale incubation support and global community support

• Investment from Ontology and be a core part of the Ontology ecosystem

$20,000 ONG Rewards Available to Each University

To find out more, please visit ont.io


94

Part-time

Tech

Contributor

Community

Coordinator

Full-time

Join Ontology today,

be a part of the future


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Scan and join Ontology


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Ask anything about Ontology now

Q & A

97

TRUST

Redefined

ont.io

OntologyNetwork

ONTnetwork

Ontology

https://discord.gg

/pQRHtbD

[email protected]

OntologyNetwork

OntologyNetwork

OntologyNetwork

Scan to download

ONT AUTH

98

Ask anything about Ontology now

End

Documents

Global University Blockchain Workshop · 2020. 6. 30. · Support both scale-up and scale-out • Multi-layer cross-shard service 3-dimens of sharding • Network sharding • State