Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Global Nutrition 2
Roadmap to a world without hunger
Where are we headed?
The ugly
What works?
It wasn’t an accidentHow did we get here?
Where are we now?
Can anything help?
Stuffed & starved
The badWhat doesn’t?
The good
Most of you will see
hunger in museums!
http://www.sfu.ca/global-nutrition
Slides & practice questions (see web)
1. The 50% (actually 49.2%) is US children that will require food-aid some time during childhood
2. Pct % of people hungry is declining over years
3. Plan to spend 2-3 hours reviewing web info
What works & what doesn’t?toward evidence-based solutions
http://www.sfu.ca/global-nutrition “This is a problem we can solve at a fraction the cost of ignoring it”
(Senator Geo McGovern: US Ambassador to UN Food & Ag Org)
A vicious cycle for malnutritionpoverty, health, economic deprivation
Page 3
Development:Marginalization
inability to provide for self or family
Access to the ladder of development
Poverty: Diminished access to agricultural & food
resources malnutritionhigh birth rate
Health: Physical & cognitive impairment,
susceptibility to disease, early death inability to
earn an incomenutrition
Routes to famine
Discovering resources
Externally initiated armed conflict …Uncertain rainfall & drought ...
Being landlocked ...
Bad governance ...
Israel, Afghanistan
So.AfricaNigeria, Iraq
Lesotho
Being on a trade or pipeline route ...
Zimbabwe [USA]
Sudan, Afghanistan
Sahel, Palestine
Blaming the bonsai tree...
Yunus:
We now know what works!Widespread agreement at conferences! Tool-kits for
elimination of extreme poverty & hunger exist
MDGs, change agents, Grameen, Millennium Village, Agencies & foundations for development. CIGHR, GHEC, Supercourse, Universities, Spokespersons
for the developing nations
We know what we can do to help right now.
We know we can do it better!
New knowledge production, dissemination, data mining, knowledge brokering & application
Resources, personnel, sharing what works, time needed to get on development ladder
Need govt action!
Need info & research
Money? No way to get it & useless!
• No one to employ anyone, no one to sell things to• No shops to spend money in• What they eat this month is what they can take out
of the ground from last month's planting• Hungry & stunted kids tiny unmarked graves• Hospital, dispensary, emergency > 1 day walk
More immediate than money – (1) to SURVIVE We don’t need studies to learn what’s needed
Page 6
The poorest - don’t give them moneyJeffrey Sachs
What do they need?The greatest nutritional problems are well known:Protein energy malnutritionVitamin AIronIodine
What do they need?Short term – “Give a man a fish ...”
Emergency rations, safe water, first aid, antibiotics,public health – vaccinations, drugs, etc
In conflict zones, shelter, safety to live, plant, harvest
In drought “safe-water straws”
Page 8oral rehydration solution ready to use foods
Millions saved
To become self-sufficient - obviously:good seeds, fertilizer, drinkable water, sanitation, low technology agricultural info & resources, drip-irrigation, ARVs mosquito nets, dispensaries, hospitals
Emergency aid – beyond Survival at the same time (2) Sustainablity
Long term – (3) To thriveScaling up production - factories
“... teach a man to fish”
development ladder
Nutrition & Millennium Development Goals
Page 11
Primary goal is to eradicate extreme poverty & hunger
Nutrition – direct prerequisite to goals1, 3, 4, 5 & 6; indirectly to 7 & 8
see next 2 slides
1
maternalhealth
Child mortality
Gender equity
Empower ♀Achieve universalprimary education
HIV, malaria, other diseases
Environmentalsustainability
Global partnershipfor development
Progress eliminating poverty & hungerMillennium Development Goals Report
Panel of experts July 2009 Many factors complicate interpretation
BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) break the curve upward
Sub-Saharan Africa has not done as well
Experts agree that the situation has worsened since 2008 – food prices remedy is urgent
Social enterprises for those who are surviving – Grameen family
Grameen family of Social Businesses1 Grameen Community Development Bank for the poor (p)2 Grameen Trust (np) 37 countries 3 Grameen Fund (np) Risk capital for small-med business4 Grameen Telecom (np) poor to profit from a cell phone5 Grameen Phone (p) 50% of all telephones in Bangladesh6 Grameen Solutions (p) fast-growing software company7 Grameen Communicns (np) soft & hardware networking8 Grameen Fish & Livestock (np) village aquaculture & dairy9 Grameen Shakti (np) renewable energy in remote regions10 Grameen Shikkha (np) educational loans literacy & tech11 Grameen Byabosa Bikash (np) supp for microcredit12 Grameen Danone Foods (p&np) nutritious food near cost13 Grameen America (p) alleviate poverty in working poor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grameen_family_of_organizations
http://www.grameenfoundation.org/Bangladesh rocks
Microfinancing successes
Donkey carts ($200) repay in
2.5 mos
4 Factories for treadle pumps. 2y later there are 75
Drip irrigation allows winter cukes @ 3x price. 1A farm profit
$100 $550 / yr
Business Week
Grameen Impacthttp://www.grameenfoundation.org/our-impact
9.4 million poor have been helped1,000,000 microloans have been generated
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kW-4gJmXy5M
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UugpcDjjJU
Grameen village phone10M subscribers300k cell-phone ladies
Innovations that make a differenceBarefoot agriculturistsSoil conservation, don’t burn
contour farming, irrigation, crop rotationDrip irrigation
Pump installation
Burkina Faso: planting-pits & stone furrows land food for 500,000
Phillipines: Tilapia in protein for 30,000,000
China: Hybrid rice in – enough for 60,000,000
Bangladesh: Market liberalization in rice yield 3x
Millions fed
Appropriate technologyInnovations that make a difference
$25 pump irrigates ½ acre $100/y net
Watering can irrigation
rainwater collection pitsvalve
sub-surface drip irrigation
Zero-tillage wheat-seeder drill - $100?
Labour goes further. Earlier planting yield
Doubled yield govt subsidy
Farmer buys & rents to pay off
2 factories 100 in Haryana & Punjab
Millennium Village Project
Farm production
Gender equity
Nutritional services
Energy & environment Health services
Water
Prevent malaria & TB
Environment
$3m x 5yrsfunded in advance
Initiatives making a difference
Grameen Family of social enterprisesThe Kings of Philanthropy & 100s of foundations
The Millennium Village project
Influential voices for change
Scientists & students are making a difference
The Millennium Development Goals – for the poorest
You! ...amplify with others @ SFU &?
Vote
Speak, write, telephone
International internship
Donate
Live
against 99.7% of tax on ourselves
Oxfam, IDRF (Can Revenue charities)
to leave enough for everyone
consider study abroad
What kinds of aid don’t work?
Aid designed to benefit the donor, not the recipient
Not billions given to buy favours
Vandana Shiva
Read /google J Perkins “Confessions of an economic hit-man”
... donor countries insist that recipient open their markets
... farmers in all rich countries lobby for barriers
... food must be bought, processed, shipped by donor
WTO? IMF? World bank?
... food aid 1950s surplus dumping
... who speak from a dogmatic ideology ...
... with a strong self-interest
... with history of lying, bribing, or cheating
How to tell who’s lying to you ...
follow the money
... who’s generosity extends only to their borders ...
... who allow no voice for the dispossessed
small ears
... who can’t admit a mistake
... who can’t accept that there are multiple paths ...
professors
Canada
Be suspicious of those ...
They’re not all lying - maybe it’s 5 blind men & an elephant
Don’t expect to agree with any one person
Keep an open mind: free enterprise, free trade, GM seeds, globalization
birth control / condoms? ...
Yunus
... look for common good
... look for unbiased datanext slide
Pitfalls problems & roadblocks• Financial melt-down• National scale land purchases• Food fuel ...• War on terror ...• Nations in crippling debt to IMF & World Bank• Unfair trade practices• Climate change• Globalization of food economics• Clean water & air have become commodities
Vandana Shiva on globalization
Vandana Shiva on Food Laws
Diverts development & aid $ Increases the price of foods
Also displaced persons & Destroys the local economy
Take home message• Catastrophic inequities in distribution of foods
• Kinds of nutritional status & health impact
• We’ve faced causes, know there are cures
• As we face the future we are ...
water, protein, iron, vitamin A, iodine
Not by accident? Who’s responsible? What’s needed
perinatal - women and children
not just across nations – increasingly within
Impatient Optimistic
http://www.sfu.ca/global-nutrition
Long term village needstools for sustainable development
Health & perinatal services
Dispensary & emergency nurse within 7 miles
Hospital within 50 miles
Transport system
Bicycle or motor-cycle ambulance
Every village has a cell phone, & very truck-driver
Steady-ish progress toward MDGs
Page 28
Goal Sub-targets likely to be achieved
Action still needed
1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger
reduce poverty by ½ developing countries’ export earnings devoted to servicing external debt fell by ~50%
Eradicate hunger: ½ those in sub-Saharan Africa may still live on < $1/d; ¼ of all children are underweight. Fairer trade unlikely
2 Universal primary education
Primary school enrolment of at least 90%
Promising progress
3 Promote gender equality, empower women
The gender parity index in primary education > 95%
Of 113 countries 18 may achieve parity in 2o ed; Parity in employment & politics seems unlikely
4 Reduce child mortality
Measles deaths 89% of children receive vaccinations
Child mortality has dropped by ½ but still too high
5 maternal health Some progress, 500,000 pregnant women still die of complications
6 infectious disease & safe water
Malaria prevention tripled, AIDS: deaths new infections, tuberculosis 1.6b people have gained access to safe drinking water
Some 2.5 billion people, ½ developing world, live without approved sanitation
7 Global partnership for development
Unprecedented verbal agreement & generous promises
In reality, aid expenditures declined for 2 years. Few meet 0.7% of GNP
Only goal #2 is fully within reach!At half-way, most MDGs are partly met.
Who gives 0.7% of GNP? Myths, truth, & omissions
$57.5: given by the EU’s 20 most developed countries$22.74: given by USA with about the same population
US aid goes mostly to nations it can use militarily
Kuwait gives 8.2% of GNO, Saudi Arabia 4% in 2002Cuba may give the highest % of GNP. China & India??
Myth:“In absolute terms the USA gives more than anyone else”
Truth:
Omissions: Canada is in bottom 1/4 of rich nations
Web links to a world without hungerClinton Global Initiative
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Grameen Family of Social Businesses
Millennium Village Project (WHO, UN, Jeffrey Sachs)
Official Development Aid
The Cuba, China model for bootstrap development
University Global Health initiatives
http://www.clintonglobalinitiative.org
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Pages/home.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grameen_family_of_organizations
http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/
Sweden, Luxenbourg, Norway, Netherlands, Denmark
spreading in Africa, Latin America, Middle East
Spreading in Latin America, Africa, USA, Australia, Canada, Switzerland – through student power, and top administration, not ...
Population growth & nutrition
World population growth
World under 5 mortality
Google Public Data (from World Bank)A new tool to learn what’s happening
