Global Evolutionary Energy Design Practical Significance ...geedindia.org/Presentations/Microsoft PowerPoint... · Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad Presented by SMH

Program

Program --Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad

Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad

Presented by SMH Adil, [email protected], (M) +91 9873588571

Practical Significance of Life Cycle Cost Practical Significance of Life Cycle Cost

AnalysisAnalysis

&&

Use of CFD in Micro Climate Designing Use of CFD in Micro Climate Designing

and Optimizing Building Cooling & and Optimizing Building Cooling &

Ventilation SystemVentilation System

Program Program -- Training for Trainers, CEPT University AhmadabadTraining for Trainers, CEPT University Ahmadabad

ByBy

SMH AdilSMH Adil

EECN (Energy Efficiency & Carbon Neutrality) GroupEECN (Energy Efficiency & Carbon Neutrality) Group

Global Evolutionary Energy Design,, New DelhiGlobal Evolutionary Energy Design,, New Delhi

GGlobal lobal EEvolutionary volutionary EEnergy nergy DDesignesign

Program




Lectures CoverageLectures Coverage

•• Life Cycle Cost Analysis (30 minutes)Life Cycle Cost Analysis (30 minutes)– Case Study 1 - Glazing Selection of a Large Commercial Building,

Punjab

– Case Study 2 - Life Cycle Cost of Renewable Energy System Installation

– Small Exercise

•• Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Building Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Building Application (10 minutes)Application (10 minutes)– Case Study 1 - Ventilation Design of A Large Basement

– Case Study 2 - Natural Ventilation in a Home

– Case Study 3 - Air Conditioning of Darbar Hall, RashtrapatiBhawan New Delhi.

– Case Study 4 -Micro Climate Design of 47 Acre City In Punjab

•• Question Answer SessionQuestion Answer Session

Program




Which is the best One•• The OptionsThe Options

1.1. SGSG--6LowE (INR1300/m6LowE (INR1300/m22))

2.2. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear (INR2500/m6Clear (INR2500/m22))

3.3. TGTG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--6Air6Air--6Clear (INR4000/m6Clear (INR4000/m22))

4.4. QGQG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--6Air6Air-- 6Clear6Clear--6Argon6Argon--6Clear (INR6000/m6Clear (INR6000/m22))

5.5. DGDG--6Clear6Clear--13Air13Air--6Clear (INR2000/m6Clear (INR2000/m22))

6.6. SGSG--6Clear (INR600/m6Clear (INR600/m22))

7.7. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Air13Air--6Clear (INR2800/m6Clear (INR2800/m22))

8.8. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--20Air20Air--6Clear (INR2200/m6Clear (INR2200/m22))

9.9. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--6Argon6Argon--6Clear (INR3000/m6Clear (INR3000/m22))

10.10. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--ChinaChina--Blue Green Blue Green (INR2100/m(INR2100/m22))

Program




What is LCCAWhat is LCCA

Definition:Definition:

•• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Handbook 135, 1995 edition, defines Life Cycle Cost (LCC) asHandbook 135, 1995 edition, defines Life Cycle Cost (LCC) as

“The total discounted dollar cost of owning, operating, “The total discounted dollar cost of owning, operating,

maintaining, and disposing of a building or a building system” maintaining, and disposing of a building or a building system”

over a period of time.over a period of time.

–– Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is an economic evaluation techniLife Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is an economic evaluation technique que

that determines the total cost of owning and operating a facilitthat determines the total cost of owning and operating a facility over y over

period of time.period of time.

–– You can apply LCCA, any were, when their are certain appreciatioYou can apply LCCA, any were, when their are certain appreciation or n or

depreciation of cost is involveddepreciation of cost is involved

–– Sometimes it is called a "cradleSometimes it is called a "cradle--toto--grave analysis", or "Wombgrave analysis", or "Womb--toto--

Tomb“ costTomb“ cost

–– This require only the basic understanding of time value of moneyThis require only the basic understanding of time value of money

–– And few specialized processes, which can evaluate the cost of And few specialized processes, which can evaluate the cost of

operation, like Annual Energy use, Maintenance cost, Inflation operation, like Annual Energy use, Maintenance cost, Inflation

patterns, and other discounts in the form of subsidiaries and tapatterns, and other discounts in the form of subsidiaries and taxesxes

Program




How to Calculate LCC

• Variables in LCC Calculation

– Cost Variables

• Capital Cost

• Maintenance Cost

• Energy Cost

• Repair Cost

• Replacement Cost

– Discount Rates

• Inflation Parameter

• Depreciation

• Govt. Subsidiaries and Taxes or Appreciation

– Residual Values (Net Worth of alternative after

Study Periods which is 25 to 30 yr for Building

Program




Financial Indicators

•• Simple Payback Simple Payback

–– A measure of how long it will take before the investment starts A measure of how long it will take before the investment starts paying paying backback

•• Return on Investment (ROI) and Internal Rate of Return Return on Investment (ROI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) (IRR)

–– A measure that allow comparison with other investment optionsA measure that allow comparison with other investment options

•• Net Present Value (NPV) and Cash Flow Net Present Value (NPV) and Cash Flow

–– A measures that allow financial planning of the project and provA measures that allow financial planning of the project and provide ide the company with all the information needed to incorporate energthe company with all the information needed to incorporate energy y efficiency projects into the corporate financial system.efficiency projects into the corporate financial system.

Program




The Key Formulas

Source: BEE Course ware

Program




Case Study 1 Case Study 1 -- Glazing Selection Glazing Selection

Based on Life Cycle CostBased on Life Cycle Cost

oo ObjectivesObjectivesoo What is the best and the poorest glazing option available? And hWhat is the best and the poorest glazing option available? And how far are ow far are

they in terms of relative operational cost.they in terms of relative operational cost.

oo Why not to use an inexpensive glass and what will be the financiWhy not to use an inexpensive glass and what will be the financial al

consequences of operation. consequences of operation.

oo What percent operational efficiencies would we get if we use a bWhat percent operational efficiencies would we get if we use a better glass etter glass

compare to a notional building façade compare to a notional building façade

oo What are the figure of relative saving in $, INR for all the tenWhat are the figure of relative saving in $, INR for all the ten façade façade

options?options?

oo What is the total fraction of electricity bill for building withWhat is the total fraction of electricity bill for building with all the ten all the ten

façade options? façade options?

oo What are the losses associated with the operations of building iWhat are the losses associated with the operations of building in n

KWh/m2.Yr considering all the ten façade options?KWh/m2.Yr considering all the ten façade options?

oo What are the life cycle cost (LCC) for the different option compWhat are the life cycle cost (LCC) for the different option compared with ared with

notional optionnotional option

oo What is the pay back with 3% to 4% energy inflation over the perWhat is the pay back with 3% to 4% energy inflation over the period of 25 iod of 25

year?year?

Program




Case Study 1Case Study 1-- Types of Glazing Types of Glazing

EvaluatedEvaluated

•• The OptionsThe Options

–– SGSG--6LowE 6LowE

–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear 6Clear

–– TGTG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--6Air6Air--6Clear6Clear

–– QGQG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--6Air6Air-- 6Clear6Clear--6Argon6Argon--6Clear 6Clear

–– DGDG--6Clear6Clear--13Air13Air--6Clear6Clear

–– SGSG--6Clear (Notional Building Case)6Clear (Notional Building Case)

–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Air13Air--6Clear6Clear

–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--20Air20Air--6Clear6Clear

–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--6Argon6Argon--6Clear6Clear

–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--ChinaChina--Blue Blue GreenGreen

Program




Total Annual Fuel Usage with Standard Total Annual Fuel Usage with Standard

Operation of Different Glass OptionsOperation of Different Glass Options

Program




Relative Annual Saving in KWh when Compared Relative Annual Saving in KWh when Compared

from Notional Building Energy Usefrom Notional Building Energy Use

Program




Relative Annual Saving for Each Glass Option in Relative Annual Saving for Each Glass Option in

(INR) from Notional Building Energy Use(INR) from Notional Building Energy Use

Program




Relative Annual Saving in KWh/mRelative Annual Saving in KWh/m22.yr When Compared with .yr When Compared with

Notional BuildingNotional Building

Program




Whole Building Simulation Results and Thermal Properties of Whole Building Simulation Results and Thermal Properties of

Different Glass OptionsDifferent Glass Options

Program




Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Different Glazing OptionsLife Cycle Cost Assessment of Different Glazing Options

Program




25 Years Life Cycle Cost Saving when Compared 25 Years Life Cycle Cost Saving when Compared

with the Notional Buildingwith the Notional Building

Program




-INR 350

-INR 300

-INR 250

-INR 200

-INR 150

-INR 100

-INR 50

INR 0

INR 50

INR 100

INR 150

INR 200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Millions Rupees

DG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-China-BlueGreen

DG-6LowE-6Argon-6Clear

DG-6LowE-20Air-6Clear

DG-6LowE-13Air-6Clear

SG-6Clear(Notional)

DG-6Clear-13Air-6Clear

QG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-6Air-6Clear-6Argon-6Clear

TG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-6Air-6Clear

DG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear

SG-6LowE

Payback Curve for Different Glass Option Considering Payback Curve for Different Glass Option Considering

the Time Value of Moneythe Time Value of Money

Program




ResultsResults

1. The highest operational saving is 387 MWh which is attributed to

quadruple glazing. But the LCC analysis does not recommend this

glazing due to its huge initial capital.

2. The analysis suggest the operational cost difference if compared

with the notional building façade, which ranges from 6 to 20 Lakhs

3. Considering building life of 25 yr. and an inflation in energy price

till 2015 as 4% and after that a constant 3 % LCC has been

evaluated. Which indicates that highest LCC come out to be of the

poorest option that is clear single glazed units which is about (INR

+3240,000)

4. Similarly the LCC of china Blue green option whose U value is 1.24

W/m2.C, acceptable SHGC and VT, is coming out to be very less

due to its low initial capital and high performance compared to other

in this investment range.

5. Primary estimate depicts that using china glass for 25 yr would be

saving about (INR -4.38 Cr.) where as other Double glazed façade

options are showing a saving of (INR -1.4 to INR -3.0 Cr.)

Program




oo ObjectivesObjectives

– Finding some indicative number

related to the carbon neutrality

– Evaluation of Energy

performance and Benchmarking

– financial indicator like Life

Cycle Cost (LCC) and payback

etc for the in house renewable

energy generation base on the

2007 operational data

Case Study 2 Case Study 2 -- Life Cycle Cost of Renewable Life Cycle Cost of Renewable

Energy System InstallationEnergy System Installation

Program




Project Description

• The Building is LEED Platinum Rated Green Building Situated in Dubai

• It is approximately 10,000 m2 in area and a half shell type in space planning and structure.

• Apart form optimum envelop fabrics selection i.e. glazing, roof and walls materials, it is orientated well, it also utilize daylight in a good manner .

• The Building also house renewable energy generating systems

• It includes 35 KW solar Photovoltaic System with inverter whose panel are mounted on roof. The Number of PV panel is 336 and Area of single panel is 1.815 m x 1.030 m or 1.87 m2

• Solar hot water generating system for use in a vapor absorption chiller for assistance in base cooling load of the green building.. The total number of hot water solar panel is 240 and area of a single panel is 3 x 1 m = 3 m2. This is used as a heat source to 90 Tonvapor absorption chiller.

Program




Energy Mix and Carbon Offset Data

113, 21%

434, 79%

Tons of Carbon

Saved from

Dumping to

Atmosphere

Total Carbon

emmited in to the

Atomosphere

80%

9%

11%Cost of

Electricity Paid

Cost offset by

Photovoltaics

Electricity

Cost offset by

VAM

Carbon Offset

Energy and Cost Mix

Program




LCC for Photovoltaic System

-1200000

-1000000

-800000

-600000

-400000

-200000

0

200000

400000

600000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

Years

AED

The area chart shows the yearly life cycle cost components of

Solar Photovoltaic electricity generation system

Program




LCC for Solar Hot Water Based Cooling

System

-1200000

-1000000

-800000

-600000

-400000

-200000

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

Years

AED

This area chart the yearly life cycle cost components of Solar Hot Water

powered VAM Based Cooling system.

Program




Results

• The total energy use from the utility is 1400 MWh. This is about 80% of the actual energy demand for the building. Rest of the 20% was generated in-house by renewable energy generating setups.

• 9% and 11% of the energy demands were met by solar photovoltaic electricity and solar hot water based cooling system respectively.

• The operational pay back on both the technology i.e. solar photovoltaic and solar hot water based cooling system considering a an average 4% energy price inflation for next 25 years is coming out to be 12a and 13a yr. respectively.

• The life cycle cost of both the renewable energy technologies implemented in green building is resulting to a saving of AED 0.94 million and AED 1.06 million in the life span of 25 years.

Program




• Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD in Building Air Flow Simulation– Conservation of mass †

– Conservation of linear momentum†

– Conservation of energy

– Equation of state

– Initial and boundary conditions

• CFD Approach in Building– Assembling the governing equations

– Identifying flow domain and boundary conditions

– Geometrical discretization of flow domain

– Discretization of the governing equations

– Incorporation of boundary conditions

– Solution of resulting algebraic equations

– Post-solution analysis and reformulation, if needed

Ventilation System and Micro

Climate Design using Computational

Fluid Dynamics

† Mass and momentum conservation equations together are usually called Navier-Stokes equations

Program




Case Study 1 - Ventilation Design of

A Large BasementGOALS:

• Avoid Short Circuiting of Air

• Maintain Comfortable air velocity

• Check for Age of Air in the premises.

• Trace the path of smoke in case of fire

• Equipment sizing for controlled micro climate

• Transient Simulation for Pollutant Dispersion

• Fire Spread analysis for refuge area identification

Program




Results

Velocity Thematic Stream Lines

1. Dead air spot identified

2. Age of air has been calculated

3. Static pressure requirement has

been obtained

1. Path of Smoke has been obtained

2. Placement of air moving device like

jet fans identified

Program




GOAL:

• To find the right strategy to use the

atriums for ventilation

• To work out the natural ventilation

rate in average weather

• To study the effect of heat load on

ventilation

• To study the cooling wall convectors

and their operation

Case Study 2 - Natural Ventilation

in a Home

Program




1. The house would remain at negative

pressure as soon as out side warm air

finds a large way into the house from

door and windows

2. About 1 Pa pressure differential is

achieved though this passive strategy

3. it is recommended that this strategy is

to be used when out side environment

is pleasant and no internal cooling or

heating arrangement is working

4. 5 to 10 m3 of air flow, 0.5 ACH

1 The above concept of cold breeze

falling on the common areas is

better visible in the temperature

contour.

2 It also shows that the bar, stair and

rest of the common areas are well

cooled. This is only achieved by

closing the small atrium which is

intern suppressing the buoyant

warn air movement from that

atriums.

Results

Program




GOALGOAL::

• To preserve its monumental status a

hidden air conditioning system has to

be installed.

• Required grill velocities to be

determined to make sure that the

throw of air is not felt.

• To maintain the temperature of 23oC

at the occupant height

• Strategy need to be worked out to

used the nine existing stone grill and

the top atrium hole

• Air flow rate required need to be

calculated for 600 occupants

• And temperature of treated fresh air

need to be determined

Total Volume= 7530 m3

Case Study 3 – Cooling &

Ventilation Design of a Hall

Program




Temperature profile of the section

of the hall which is depicting the

throw of cold air.

Temperature profile of the section

of the hall which is depicting the

throw of cold air from a different

section

Results

Program




Velocity Profile at the occupant height

Temperature Profile at the occupant

height

Results Contd.

Program




N

S

E

W

1. Steady State Climate Simulation were performed

2. Wind coming from various direction

3. The Boundary condition kept were, nominal wind velocity as 13 m/s **, temperature of 35oC , Ground at temperature of 30 oC and building at 32 oC

** Source ASHARE weather data

Case Study 4 – Micro Climate Design

Program




N

S

E

W

1.1. Wind is Coming Wind is Coming

form South West to form South West to

North East with a North East with a

nominal velocity @ nominal velocity @

13 13 m/sm/s and 35 and 35 00CC

2.2. The thematic view The thematic view

at left side is at left side is

depicting the wind depicting the wind

velocity profile at velocity profile at

30 m height from 30 m height from

groundground

Winds from South West to North EastWinds from South West to North East

Program




N

S

E

W Temperature Profile Near GroundTemperature Profile Near Ground

1.1. Wind is Coming Wind is Coming

form South to form South to

North with a North with a

nominal velocity @ nominal velocity @

13 13 m/sm/s and 35 and 35 00CC

2.2. The thematic view The thematic view

at left side is at left side is

depicting the depicting the

temperature profile temperature profile

at near groundat near ground

3.3. The central park The central park

remains relatively remains relatively

cooler than the cooler than the

other open spacesother open spaces

4.4. This thematic is to This thematic is to

be studied only for be studied only for

relative relative

temperature temperature

difference. difference.

Program




Pressure on building walls

Program




Q&AQ&A

Program




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Global Evolutionary Energy Design Practical Significance ...geedindia.org/Presentations/Microsoft PowerPoint... · Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad Presented by SMH