GISFI 5G Workshop

Sri Chandra

Standards Senior Manager, IEEE-SA

Evolution of xG systems Standards

Next Generation Mobile Telephony released every 10 years

1G: Nordic Mobile Telephone introduced in 1981

2G: released in 1991 (GSM)

3G: 2001 (IMT-2000 and UMTS)– Cdma/IS95 released in 1995 in the US

4G: Fully compliant with IMT Advanced standardized in 2012– Mobile WiMAX in 2006– First release LTE in 2009

5G: Approximately 2020

Source: Wikipedia

Next Generation Mobile Telephony released every 10 years

1G: Nordic Mobile Telephone introduced in 1981

2G: released in 1991 (GSM)

3G: 2001 (IMT-2000 and UMTS)– Cdma/IS95 released in 1995 in the US

4G: Fully compliant with IMT Advanced standardized in 2012– Mobile WiMAX in 2006– First release LTE in 2009

5G: Approximately 2020

Source: Wikipedia

IMT Advanced Requirements

IEEE has been engaged in Wireless Mobile Telephony for a very long time; InConnection with next generation standards:

Does not support traditional circuit-switched, but all-IP based communication

Spread spectrum technology in 3G replaced by frequency domainequalization (OFDMA)

Specific data rates specified for high and low mobility users (100 mbps,1gbs)

Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks

IEEE has been engaged in Wireless Mobile Telephony for a very long time; InConnection with next generation standards:

Does not support traditional circuit-switched, but all-IP based communication

Spread spectrum technology in 3G replaced by frequency domainequalization (OFDMA)

Specific data rates specified for high and low mobility users (100 mbps,1gbs)

Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks

IEEE Standards

IEEE has been engaged in Wireless Mobile Telephony for a very long time; InConnection with next generation standards:

Two 4G candidate systems have been commercially deployed:

ITU-R specified set of requirements for 4G standards, named IMT-A(International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced), with peak speedrequirements for 4G at 100 megabits-per-second for highly mobilecommunications and 1Gbits per second for low mobility

First release Long Term Evolution (LTE) Standard first released in 2009

Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access): IEEE802.16e-2005– WirelessMAN Advanced Evolution Standard based on 802.16m– Enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access– Initially designed for 30-40 megabit-per-second when released– 2011 update providing upto 1Gb-per-second for fixed base station

IEEE has been engaged in Wireless Mobile Telephony for a very long time; InConnection with next generation standards:

Two 4G candidate systems have been commercially deployed:

ITU-R specified set of requirements for 4G standards, named IMT-A(International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced), with peak speedrequirements for 4G at 100 megabits-per-second for highly mobilecommunications and 1Gbits per second for low mobility

First release Long Term Evolution (LTE) Standard first released in 2009

Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access): IEEE802.16e-2005– WirelessMAN Advanced Evolution Standard based on 802.16m– Enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access– Initially designed for 30-40 megabit-per-second when released– 2011 update providing upto 1Gb-per-second for fixed base station

5G Mobile Telephone Features

Mobile traffic requirements have shown different features that introducesignificant impact on future mobile system architectures, technologydevelopments, and evolution

Big traffic volume: 1000-fold data traffic increase for 2020 and beyond

Increased indoor or hotspot traffic

Higher traffic data asymmetry: Ratio of download:upload will increase asvideo communications grwo

Huge numbers of subscribers will be created (M2M applications)

Energy Efficiency

Future mobile networks will face great challenges, including higher capacity,higher performance, lower power consumption, higher spectrum efficiency,more spectrum resource and lower cost.

Source: The Requirements, Challenges and Technologies for 5G Terrestrial Mobile Telecommunication, Shanzi Chen, Jian Zhao,IEEE Communications Society Magazine, May 2014

Mobile traffic requirements have shown different features that introducesignificant impact on future mobile system architectures, technologydevelopments, and evolution

Big traffic volume: 1000-fold data traffic increase for 2020 and beyond

Increased indoor or hotspot traffic

Higher traffic data asymmetry: Ratio of download:upload will increase asvideo communications grwo

Huge numbers of subscribers will be created (M2M applications)

Energy Efficiency

Future mobile networks will face great challenges, including higher capacity,higher performance, lower power consumption, higher spectrum efficiency,more spectrum resource and lower cost.

Source: The Requirements, Challenges and Technologies for 5G Terrestrial Mobile Telecommunication, Shanzi Chen, Jian Zhao,IEEE Communications Society Magazine, May 2014

Millimeter Waves (IEEE Uwave: WiFi/WiGigAccording to IEEE Spectrum, May 2013, By the end of this decade, analysts say,50 billion things such as these will connect to mobile networks.

– consume 1000 times as much data as today’s mobile gadgets,– at rates 10 to 100 times as fast as existing networks can support.– New technology 5G beam-forming Antenna that could send and receive mobile

data faster than 1 gigabit per second over distances as great as 2 kilometers– designed to operate at or near “millimeter-wave” frequencies (3 to 300

gigahertz)– Bands lower on the spectrum very heavily used: 4G networks have just about

reached the theoretical limit on how many bits they can squeeze into a givenamount of spectrum.

IEEE 802.11ad– The IEEE 802.11ad standard is aimed at providing data throughput speeds of

up to 7 Gbps.– To achieve these speeds the technology uses the 60 GHz ISM band to achieve

the levels of bandwidth needed and ensure reduced interference levels.– the aim is that it will be used for very short range (across a room) high volume

data transfers such as HD video transfers.– When longer ranges are needed standards such as 802.11ac can be used

According to IEEE Spectrum, May 2013, By the end of this decade, analysts say,50 billion things such as these will connect to mobile networks.

– consume 1000 times as much data as today’s mobile gadgets,– at rates 10 to 100 times as fast as existing networks can support.– New technology 5G beam-forming Antenna that could send and receive mobile

data faster than 1 gigabit per second over distances as great as 2 kilometers– designed to operate at or near “millimeter-wave” frequencies (3 to 300

gigahertz)– Bands lower on the spectrum very heavily used: 4G networks have just about

reached the theoretical limit on how many bits they can squeeze into a givenamount of spectrum.

IEEE 802.11ad– The IEEE 802.11ad standard is aimed at providing data throughput speeds of

up to 7 Gbps.– To achieve these speeds the technology uses the 60 GHz ISM band to achieve

the levels of bandwidth needed and ensure reduced interference levels.– the aim is that it will be used for very short range (across a room) high volume

data transfers such as HD video transfers.– When longer ranges are needed standards such as 802.11ac can be used

LTE-WiFi Handover: The Challenges Premature Wi-Fi Selection: As devices with Wi-Fi enabled move into Wi-Fi

coverage, they reselect to Wi-Fi without comparative evaluation of existingcellular and incoming Wi-Fi capabilities. This can result in degradation of end userexperience due to premature reselection of the Wi-Fi. Real time throughput basedtraffic steering can be used to mitigate this.

Unhealthy choices: In a mixed wireless network of LTE, HSPA and Wi-Fi,reselection may occur to a strong Wi-Fi network, which is under heavy load. Theresulting ‘unhealthy’ choice results in a degradation of end user experience asperformance on the cell edge of a lightly loaded cellular network may be superiorto performance close to a heavily loaded Wi-Fi AP. Real time load based trafficsteering can be used to mitigate this.

Lower capabilities: In some cases, reselection to a strong Wi-Fi AP may resultin reduced performance (e.g. if the Wi-Fi AP is served by lower bandwidth in thebackhaul than the cellular base station presently serving the device). Evaluationof criteria beyond wireless capabilities prior to access selection can be used tomitigate this.

Ping-Pong: This is an example of reduced end user experience due to ping-ponging between Wi-Fi and cellular accesses. This could be a result of prematureWi-Fi selection and mobility in a cellular environment with signal strengths verysimilar in both access types. Hysteresis concepts used in access selection similarto cellular IRAT, applied between Wi-Fi and cellular accesses can be used tomitigate this.

Source: 4G Americas Whitepaper, Integration of Cellular and WiFi networks

Premature Wi-Fi Selection: As devices with Wi-Fi enabled move into Wi-Ficoverage, they reselect to Wi-Fi without comparative evaluation of existingcellular and incoming Wi-Fi capabilities. This can result in degradation of end userexperience due to premature reselection of the Wi-Fi. Real time throughput basedtraffic steering can be used to mitigate this.

Unhealthy choices: In a mixed wireless network of LTE, HSPA and Wi-Fi,reselection may occur to a strong Wi-Fi network, which is under heavy load. Theresulting ‘unhealthy’ choice results in a degradation of end user experience asperformance on the cell edge of a lightly loaded cellular network may be superiorto performance close to a heavily loaded Wi-Fi AP. Real time load based trafficsteering can be used to mitigate this.

Lower capabilities: In some cases, reselection to a strong Wi-Fi AP may resultin reduced performance (e.g. if the Wi-Fi AP is served by lower bandwidth in thebackhaul than the cellular base station presently serving the device). Evaluationof criteria beyond wireless capabilities prior to access selection can be used tomitigate this.

Ping-Pong: This is an example of reduced end user experience due to ping-ponging between Wi-Fi and cellular accesses. This could be a result of prematureWi-Fi selection and mobility in a cellular environment with signal strengths verysimilar in both access types. Hysteresis concepts used in access selection similarto cellular IRAT, applied between Wi-Fi and cellular accesses can be used tomitigate this.

Source: 4G Americas Whitepaper, Integration of Cellular and WiFi networks

IEEE ComSoC Webinars and Tutorials

IEEE Communications Society: www.comsoc.org

IEEE Communication Society Digital Library: http://dl.comsoc.org/comsocdl– IEEE Communications Magazine– IEEE Network– IEEE Wireless Communication

IEEE ComSoc Education– Free ComSoc Tutorials– Wireless Communications Engineering Technologies (WCET) Certification– Free ComSoc WebinarsNote: Recently a free webinar was offered on 5G

IEEE Communications Society: www.comsoc.org

IEEE Communication Society Digital Library: http://dl.comsoc.org/comsocdl– IEEE Communications Magazine– IEEE Network– IEEE Wireless Communication

IEEE ComSoc Education– Free ComSoc Tutorials– Wireless Communications Engineering Technologies (WCET) Certification– Free ComSoc WebinarsNote: Recently a free webinar was offered on 5G

An Overview

IEEE 802 & Telecommunicationsstandards

Telecommunication Standards at theIEEE

IEEE Telecom Standards is developed within different groups

IEEE 802 Working Group– IEEE Computer Society– http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/dots.shtml

IEEE Communication Society Standards Board– IEEE Communications Society– http://committees.comsoc.org/standards/

Cloud Computing and Emerging Technologies– Cloud Computing Standards Committee (Computer Society):

http://www.computer.org/portal/web/sab/cloud-committee– Industry Connections Program

IEEE Telecom Standards is developed within different groups

IEEE 802 Working Group– IEEE Computer Society– http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/dots.shtml

IEEE Communication Society Standards Board– IEEE Communications Society– http://committees.comsoc.org/standards/

Cloud Computing and Emerging Technologies– Cloud Computing Standards Committee (Computer Society):

http://www.computer.org/portal/web/sab/cloud-committee– Industry Connections Program

Wireless communications

802.11,802.15,802.16,802.19802.21802.22

P1902.1 P1907.1

802.11,802.15,802.16,802.19802.21802.22

DYSPAN• P1900.1

toP1900.7

P1903

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IEEE 802 Group SummaryIEEE 802.1—Bridging and Architecture; Time Sensitive Networks

IEEE 802.3—Wired Ethernet

IEEE 802.11—Wireless LAN

IEEE 802.15—Wireless Personal Area Networks

IEEE 802.16—Broadband Wireless Access

IEEE 802.18—Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group

IEEE 802.19 —Wireless Coexistence

IEEE 802.20—Mobile broadband wireless access- completed 802.20series

IEEE 802.21—Media Independent Handover – across different typesof wireless networks (including cellular)

IEEE 802.22—Wireless Regional Area Networks

IEEE 802.24—Smart Grid Technical Advisory Group

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IEEE 802.1—Bridging and Architecture; Time Sensitive Networks

IEEE 802.3—Wired Ethernet

IEEE 802.11—Wireless LAN

IEEE 802.15—Wireless Personal Area Networks

IEEE 802.16—Broadband Wireless Access

IEEE 802.18—Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group

IEEE 802.19 —Wireless Coexistence

IEEE 802.20—Mobile broadband wireless access- completed 802.20series

IEEE 802.21—Media Independent Handover – across different typesof wireless networks (including cellular)

IEEE 802.22—Wireless Regional Area Networks

IEEE 802.24—Smart Grid Technical Advisory Group

Wireless standards802.11, 802.15, 802.16, 802.19, 802.21, 802.22:Wireless standards at the PHY and MAC layer

IEEE 1902.1-2009: Air interface for radiatingtransceiver radio tags using long wavelength signals

IEEE 1903-2011: Functional architecture of NextGeneration Service Overlay Networks (NGSON)– Three protocol projects underway: P1903.1, content

delivery; P1903.2, service composition; and P1903.3, self-organizing management

P1907.1: End-to-end quality of experience managementscheme for real-time mobile video communicationsystems

802.11, 802.15, 802.16, 802.19, 802.21, 802.22:Wireless standards at the PHY and MAC layer

IEEE 1902.1-2009: Air interface for radiatingtransceiver radio tags using long wavelength signals

IEEE 1903-2011: Functional architecture of NextGeneration Service Overlay Networks (NGSON)– Three protocol projects underway: P1903.1, content

delivery; P1903.2, service composition; and P1903.3, self-organizing management

P1907.1: End-to-end quality of experience managementscheme for real-time mobile video communicationsystems

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DYSPAN: Software Defined RadioIEEE P1900.1—Terms, Definitions, and Concepts (revision)IEEE 1900.2-2008—Coexistence and interference between variousradio servicesIEEE 1900.4a-2011: Enables mobile wireless access service in whitespace frequency bands without any limitation on used radio interface(physical and media access control layers, carrier frequency, etc.)– IEEE P1900.4.1: Interfaces and protocols that enable distributed decision

making to optimize radio resource usageIEEE 1900.5-2011: A policy language that specifies interoperable,vendor-independent control of cognitive radio functionality andbehavior for DYSPAN resources and services– P1900.5.1: Vendor-independent policy language for managing the

functionality and behavior of dynamic spectrum access networks– P1900.5.2 vendor-independent generalized method for modeling spectrum

consumption of any type of use of RF spectrum and the attendantcomputations for arbitrating the compatibility among models

P1900.6a: Procedures, protocols and message format specificationsfor the exchange of sensing related data, control data andconfiguration data between spectrum sensors and their clients (IEEEStd 1900.6-2011)P1900.7: Radio interface (MAC and PHY layers) for white spacedynamic spectrum access radio systems supporting fixed and mobileoperation in white space frequency bands

IEEE P1900.1—Terms, Definitions, and Concepts (revision)IEEE 1900.2-2008—Coexistence and interference between variousradio servicesIEEE 1900.4a-2011: Enables mobile wireless access service in whitespace frequency bands without any limitation on used radio interface(physical and media access control layers, carrier frequency, etc.)– IEEE P1900.4.1: Interfaces and protocols that enable distributed decision

making to optimize radio resource usageIEEE 1900.5-2011: A policy language that specifies interoperable,vendor-independent control of cognitive radio functionality andbehavior for DYSPAN resources and services– P1900.5.1: Vendor-independent policy language for managing the

functionality and behavior of dynamic spectrum access networks– P1900.5.2 vendor-independent generalized method for modeling spectrum

consumption of any type of use of RF spectrum and the attendantcomputations for arbitrating the compatibility among models

P1900.6a: Procedures, protocols and message format specificationsfor the exchange of sensing related data, control data andconfiguration data between spectrum sensors and their clients (IEEEStd 1900.6-2011)P1900.7: Radio interface (MAC and PHY layers) for white spacedynamic spectrum access radio systems supporting fixed and mobileoperation in white space frequency bands

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Example of Dynamic Spectrum AllocationTV white space (TVWS) extends Wi-Fi into new spectrum with better

coverage

• TVWS has superior propagation and extends the reach of wireless networks andit enables:

• Wireless networking with longer range– TVWS Wi-Fi network can be established with fewer APs / Repeaters– TVWS Wi-Fi as a supplement to current Wi-Fi, can fill the coverage holes that are not

covered by current Wi-Fi

DYSPAN IEEE 802.19

IEEE 802 Summary

802.1—Bridging and Architecture– Interworking– Security– Audio/Video bridging– Congestion management

802.3—Wired Ethernet– Backplane Ethernet– Congestion management– Frame expansion– Power management (Power over

Ethernet)– 10Gb/s PHY for EPON– Gigabit Ethernet– Energy Efficient Ethernet

802.11—Wireless LAN– Radio resource management– Very high throughput– Vehicular environment– Fast roaming– Mesh networking– Performance preduction– Interworking with external networks– Network management– Robust audio/video– Sub 1 GHz, 5 Ghz, 60 Ghz

802.15—Wireless Personal AreaNetworks– Bluetooth, Zigbee lower layers– Body area networks– Millimeter wave alternative PHY

(.3c)– Wireless mesh topologies (.5)

802.16—Broadband Wireless AccessMobility enhancements– Cellular layer requirements– M2M

802.19 Wireless coexistence 802.21 – Media independent handover

across different types of wirelessnetworks (including cellular)

802.22 Wireless Regional AreaNetworks– Cognitive Wireless Regional Area

Networks (RAN) for operation in TVbands

– Identifies where unused spectrumexists based on location

802.1—Bridging and Architecture– Interworking– Security– Audio/Video bridging– Congestion management

802.3—Wired Ethernet– Backplane Ethernet– Congestion management– Frame expansion– Power management (Power over

Ethernet)– 10Gb/s PHY for EPON– Gigabit Ethernet– Energy Efficient Ethernet

802.11—Wireless LAN– Radio resource management– Very high throughput– Vehicular environment– Fast roaming– Mesh networking– Performance preduction– Interworking with external networks– Network management– Robust audio/video– Sub 1 GHz, 5 Ghz, 60 Ghz

802.15—Wireless Personal AreaNetworks– Bluetooth, Zigbee lower layers– Body area networks– Millimeter wave alternative PHY

(.3c)– Wireless mesh topologies (.5)

802.16—Broadband Wireless AccessMobility enhancements– Cellular layer requirements– M2M

802.19 Wireless coexistence 802.21 – Media independent handover

across different types of wirelessnetworks (including cellular)

802.22 Wireless Regional AreaNetworks– Cognitive Wireless Regional Area

Networks (RAN) for operation in TVbands

– Identifies where unused spectrumexists based on location

New Programs & Initiatives

IEEE P2413: Internet of Things IEEE Initiative on Software Defined Networks by the

Communications Society Cloud Computing Initiatives

IEEE Cloud Computing Innovation Council of India (IndustryConnections Program)

IEEE Intercloud Testbed (Industry Connections Program) IEEE P2302: Standards for Intercloud Interoperability and

Federation (SIIF) sponsored by IEEE Computer Society

IEEE P2413: Internet of Things IEEE Initiative on Software Defined Networks by the

Communications Society Cloud Computing Initiatives

IEEE Cloud Computing Innovation Council of India (IndustryConnections Program)

IEEE Intercloud Testbed (Industry Connections Program) IEEE P2302: Standards for Intercloud Interoperability and

Federation (SIIF) sponsored by IEEE Computer Society

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