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8/15/2019 GIS and Geostatistics
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GIS & Geostatistics in Plant Diseases
Epidemiology and Management
Amjad Shahzad
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What is GIS
Difference between GIS and GPS
GPS Data Collections
GIS software output
What is Geostatistics
GPS, GIS and Geostatistics Disease Epidemiology
Presentation Overview
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Key tool to improve farm practices
Make sense to organize farm information in spatialdatabase
Valuable tool for;
Monitoring, Predicting, Managing & Fighting for diseases
and pests
Cost effective & efficient tool – targeting disease controlinterventions
Information Management
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Global Information System
Computer software program
Assemble, Store , manipulate and display large amount ofdata from GPS and other sources
Free available & can be installed on desktop computer
Relates the geo-referenced information
Integrate layers of spatial information - uncover possiblerelationships
GIS
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Vector and Raster
GIS
Data sets, map features;
Points
Lines
Polygons
Organized and manipulated
in the database
Data sets are organized;
Matrix of numerical value
Referenced spatially by
rows and column positions
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Global Positioning System
Satellite system
Projects information to GPS receivers on the ground
Enable users to determine latitude and longitude coordinates
System of navigation satellites – US Department of defense
NAVSTAR System
Important tool for spatially referencing agricultural data
GPS
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GPS Receivers – Satellite Signals
position determination in spherical coordinate system
Distance and direction calculation
Geostatistical analysisElevations can be added in 3D spatial considerations
GPS
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
An agricultural producer may use a handheldGPS receiver to determine the latitude andlongitude coordinates of a water source next toa field or vineyard.
Examples of GPS and GIS
Global Information System (GIS)Following a chemical spill, maps obtained
from a GIS system can reveal
environmentally-sensitive areas that
should be protected during response.
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Digital Mapping
Examine landscape that would be impossible with othertools
Measurement of landscape structures
Resource Mapping
Diseases Mapping
Integration of multiple layers of variables
Modeling resources
GIS Applications
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Analysis of spatially distributed variables
Statistical model – estimation across continuous areas
Prediction / estimation of values at unsampled locations
Create surface map based on point samples andobservations
“Surface map – map with shaded area keyed to variable”
Geostatistics
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Surface map – appropriate
Variable (Pathogen propagule density , Disease incidence,insect vector abundance) exhibit positive correlation
Can be misleading
Adjutant fields are highly dissimilar Abrupt differences defined by field boundaries
Geostatistics
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Used to analyze spatial disease distribution
Spatiotemporal analysis – cabbage downy mildew
Used in regional risk assessment programs
Used for the management of plant viruses
Used for the study of inoculum patterns
Applications of Geostatistics
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Exploratory data analysis
Spatial auto-correlation modeling
Estimation at unsampled locations (surface maps)
Estimates reliability evaluation
Geostatistical Analysis
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Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV)
Case study
CLCuV Sampled Locations
Sampled locations
Cotton growing areas of Punjab
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Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV)
Case study
GPSApplication
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Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV)
Case study
DiseaseData
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Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV)
Case study
GISApplication
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Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV)
Case study
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Response to plant disease problem
Case example
Situation
Confirmed case of a plant disease in a small test plot.
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Case example
Response to plant disease problem
Facts
Disease spores may be spread by wind
Combine used in the field was not disinfected
Two neighbors borrowed the machine Combine traded or shipped from dealer by rail
Estimated range of disease movement is one mile
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Case example
Response to plant disease problem
Response Task
Surface map for the possible affected areas
Notify all farmers within one mile of the infected fields,
neighbors, fields, highways and railroad
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Case example
Response to plant disease problem
Collection of Vector Data for the area
Information;
Aerial photograph – GPS receivers
Graphic image
In to GIS database
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Case example
Response to plant disease problem
Collection of Raster Data for the area
Information;
wind direction
Wind speed
Wind duration
In to GIS database
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Case example
Response to plant disease problem
Other queries can be
run, to obtain maps of
highways and railways . .
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Case example
Response to plant disease problem
. . . and to identify affected
farms within a designated
quarantine area.
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Case example
Response to plant disease problem
If the established GIS
database is extensive,
detailed information may
be obtained, such as
producers’ names, phone
numbers, and exact
locations, facilitating
rapid response efforts.
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References
Davis, G., W. Casadyand R. Massey. 1998. Precision Agriculture: An
Introduction. Publication Number WQ450. University of Missouri-Columbia.
Geographic Information Systems as an Integrating Technology:Context, Concepts, and Definitions". ESRI. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
Hameed, S., S. Khalid, Ehsan-Ul-Haq, A.A. Hashrni. 1994. Cotton leafcurl disease in Pakistan caused by a whitefly transmitted
geminivirus. Plant Disease 78, 529. Nadeem A.I., Z. Weng , M.R. Nelson, Z. Xiong. 1997. Cotton leaf
crumple virus and cotton leaf curl virus are two distantly relatedgeminiviruses. Molecular Plant Pathology on-line.
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References
Nadeem, A. 1999. Applications of Geographic Information Systemsand Geostatistics in Plant Disease Epidemiology and Management.Plant Disease. 83. (04); 308-319
Nelson,M.R., T.V. Orum, R. Jaime-Garcia and A. Nadeem. 1999.Application of Geographic Information Systems and Geostatistics inPlant Disease Epeidemiology and Management. Plant Disease83:308-319
Pfost, D., W. Casady and K. Shannon. 1998. Precision Agriculture:
Global Positioning System (GPS). Publication Number WQ452.University of Missouri-Columbia.
Star, J., and Estes, J. 1990. Geographic Information Systems: AnIntroduction. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
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References
Theller, L., and B. Engel. 2004. Constructing a Geographic InformationSystem for Biosecurity. Center for Advanced Applications in GIS, Ag andBiological Engineering Department, Purdue University.
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Thank you!
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Degradation of freely available signals of GPS satellites
by US Department 0f Defense – Selective ability Precision and accuracy of GPS readings are reduced
“Accuracy - Closeness of a measured or computed value toits true value”
“Precision – Closeness of repeated measurements of thesame quantity”
Selective Ability
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Epidemic
Epi = upon, among
Demos = peopleEpidemic = What is among the people
“Change in the diseases intensity in a host population overtime and space”
Study of epidemics
Science of disease in populations
Spread of disease in space and time
Epidemiology