MARK GIBNEY September 2015

Academic Positions: Belk Distinguished Professor in the Humanities, University of North Carolina-Asheville, 1998-present Professor of Political Science, Purdue University, 1984-1997 Guest Professorships/Professional Associations: Raoul Wallenberg Visiting Chair of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Raoul Wallenberg Institute and the Faculty of Law, Lund University, 2014-16 Founding Member and Steering Committee, Extraterritorial Obligations (ETO) Human Rights Consortium, 2007-present Distinguished Visiting Professor, Faculty of Law, Lancaster University, 2007-present Consultant, Peace Research Institute of Oslo (PRIO), Center for the Study of Civil War, 2007-present Member of the Economic and Social Rights Group (ESRG), Human Rights Center, University of Connecticut, 2006-present Member of the Migration Industry and Markets for Managing Migration (Copenhagen), 2009-present Researcher, Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen, Norway, 2001 Visiting Professor, University of Bergen Faculty of Law, 2000 Visiting Professor, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Law and Senior Researcher, Danish Institute for Human Rights, 1997-98 Visiting Professor, University of Oslo, and Fulbright Researcher, Norwegian Institute of Human Rights, 1989 Education: Ph.D., University of Michigan, Political Science, 1985 J. D., Villanova University School of Law, 1977

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B.A., Boston College, Political Science, 1974. Authored Books: International Human Rights Law: Returning to Universal Principles (Rowman & Littlefield, 2008) (2d ed., 2015) Watching Human Rights: The 101 Best Films (Paradigm Publishers, 2013) The Politics of Human Rights: The Quest for Dignity (with Sabine Carey and Steven Poe) (Cambridge University Press, 2010) The Global Refugee Crisis (ABC-CLIO, 2010) Five Uneasy Pieces: American Ethics in a Globalized World (Rowman & Littlefield, 2004) Issues of Justice: An Introduction to Law (Prentice-Hall, 1990) Strangers or Friends: Principles for a New Alien Admission Policy (Greenwood, 1986) Edited Books The Handbook of Human Rights (with Anja Mihr) (SAGE Publications, 2014) Litigating Transnational Human Rights Obligations: Alternative Judgments (with Wouter Vandenhole) (Routledge, 2014) Universal Human Rights and Extraterritorial Obligations (with Sigrun Skogly) (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010) The Age of Apology: Facing Up to the Past (with Rhoda Howard-Hassmann, Jean-Marc Coicaud and Niklaus Steiner) (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) Problems of Protection: The UNHCR and Refugees at the Beginning of the 21st Century (with Niklaus Steiner and Gil Loescher) (Routledge, 2003) Judicial Protection of Human Rights: Myth or Reality? (with Stanislaw Frankowski) (Praeger, 1999) World Justice? U.S. Courts and International Human Rights (Westview, 1991) Open Borders? Closed Societies?: The Ethical and Political Issues (Greenwood, 1988)

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Monograph: A Critique of Norway's Refugee/Asylum Policy and Proposals for Change (Oslo: Institute for Human Rights, 1989) Book Chapters: “Human Dignity, Past, Present and Future,” in Rich Hiskes (ed.) Human Dignity and the Promise of Human Right (New York: Open Society, 2015) “Formation and Development of the Concept of Human Rights and Freedoms” for Belarus Human Rights coursebook, Raoul Wallenberg Institute (2015) “Litigating Transnational Human Rights Obligations,” in Wouter Vandenhole et al. (eds.) New Directions in Human Rights (Routledge, 2015) “NSA Spying and Its Meaning for International Human Rights Law,” in Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen and Jens Vedsted-Hansen (eds.) The Dark Side of Globalization (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming) “Beyond Individual Accountability: The Meaning of State Responsibility” in Kurt Mills and David Karp (eds.) Protecting Human Rights: Duties and Responsibilities of States and Non-State Actors (London: Palgrave, 2015) “Introduction” and “International Jurisdiction” in Anja Mihr and Mark Gibney (eds.) Handbook of Human Rights (SAGE, 2014) “The Responsibilities of States” in Sten Schaumburg-Muller et al. (eds.) Protecting the Rights of Others: Festschrift in Honour of Jens Vedsted-Hansen (DJOF Publishing, 2013) “Introduction” and “Extraordinary Rendition,” in Mark Gibney and Wouter Vandenhole (eds.) Litigating Transnational Human Rights Obligations: Alternative Judgments (Routledge, 2014) “Establishing a Social and International Order for the Realization of Human Rights,” in Lanse Minkler (ed.) The State of Economic and Social Human Rights: A Global Overview (Cambridge University Press, 2013) “Ethics and Refugees” in Jean-Marc Coicaud and Daniel Warner (eds.) New Perspectives on Ethics and International Affairs (2d ed.) (United Nations University Press, 2013) “Terminology: Extraterritorial Obligations” in Malcolm Langford, Martin Sheinin, Willem van Genugten and Wouter Vandenhole (eds.) Global Justice, State Duties: The

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Extraterritorial Scope of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2013) “The Rights of Detainees: Determining the Limits of Law,” (with Linda Cornett) in Ralph Carter (ed.) Contemporary Cases in U.S. Foreign Policy: From Terrorism to Trade (5th ed.) (CQ Press, 2014) “Refugees, Displaced Persons and Asylum Seekers” in Christopher Bates and James Ciment (eds.) Encyclopedia of Global Social Issues (M.E. Sharpe, forthcoming) “Migration Control” in Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach, Gita Dharampal-Frick and Minou Frield (eds.) Intercultural Discourse: Key and Contested Concepts (Verlang Karl Alber, 2012). “Accountability for Violations Beyond Borders,” (with Rolf Kunnemann) in Claiming Human Rights: The Accountability Challenge (Right to Food and Nutrition Watch, 2011) “Re-Conceptualising Human Rights,” in Rolf Ring et al. (ed.) On-line Festschrift in Honour of Katarina Tomaševski (Raoul Wallenberg Institute, 2011) “Apologies” in M. Cherif Bassiouni (ed.) The Pursuit of International Criminal Justice: A World Study on Conflicts, Victimization, and Post-Conflict Justice (Antwerp: Intersentia, 2010) “The Rights of Detainees: Determining the Limits of Law,” (with Linda Cornett) in Ralph Carter (ed.) Contemporary Cases in U.S. Foreign Policy: From Terrorism to Trade (4th ed.) (CQ Press, 2010) “Refugees,” in David Forsythe (ed.) Encyclopedia of Human Rights (Oxford University Press, 2009) “Rights of Refugees and Asylum Seekers” (with Erik Roxstrom) in Anette Faye Jacobsen (ed.) Human Rights Monitoring: A Field Mission Manual (Martinus Nijhoff, 2008) “Economic Rights and Extraterritorial Obligations,” (with Sigrun Skogly) in Shareen Hertel and Lanse Minkler (eds.) Economic Rights: Conceptual, Measurement, and Policy Issues (Cambridge University Press, 2007) “Introduction” (with Rhoda Howard-Hassmann) and “Apology and the War on Terror” (with Niklaus Steiner) in Gibney et al. (ed.) The Age of Apology: Facing Up to the Past (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) “The Political Terror Scale” (with Matthew Dalton) in Rhonda L. Callaway and Julie Harrelson-Stephens (ed.) Exploring International Human Rights: Essential Readings (Lynne Rienner, 2007)

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“The Rights of Detainees: Determining the Limits of Law,” (with Linda Cornett) in Ralph Carter (ed.) Contemporary Cases in U.S. Foreign Policy: From Terrorism to Trade (2rd ed.) (CQ Press, 2007) “Refugees” and “Immigrants and Immigration” (with Linda Cornett) in Neal Tate et al. (ed.) Governments of the World: A Global Guide to Citizen Rights and Responsibilities (Thomson/Gale, 2005) “The Rights of Detainees: Determining the Limits of Law,” (with Linda Cornett) in Ralph Carter (ed.) Contemporary Cases in U.S. Foreign Policy: From Terrorism to Trade (CQ Press, 2004) “The United States Should Admit More Refugees Suffering Serious Human Rights Abuses,” in Laura K. Egendorf (ed.) Human Rights: Opposing Viewpoints Series (Greenhaven Press, 2004) “The Obligations of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees” (with Erik Roxstrom) in Niklaus Steiner, Gil Loescher and Mark Gibney (ed.) Problems of Protection: The UNHCR and Refugees at the Beginning of the 21st Century (2003) “Certain Violence, Uncertain Protection,” in Daniele Joly (ed.) Global Changes in Asylum Regimes: Closing Doors (Palgrave MacMillan 2002) “Principles for a New Alien Admission Policy: A United States Perspective,” in Alex Schmid (ed.) Immigration Policy: A Search for Balance in Europe (PIOOM 2002) “Ethics and Refugees,” in Daniel Warner and Jean-Marc Coicaud (ed.) New Perspectives on Ethics and International Affairs (United Nations University Press, 2001) “Protection Under United States Law?: It Depends on Who You Are, Where You Are, What Aspect of Your Job You are Talking About, and Who Is Trying to Hurt You,” in Helle Porsdam (ed.) American Folkways and Lawways: Law in American Studies (Odense University Press, 2001) "In Search of a U.S. Refugee Policy,” in David Forsythe (ed.) The United States and Human Rights: Looking Inward and Outward (University of Nebraska Press, 2000) “The Myth of Asylum Abuse in Western Europe, Canada and the United States,” in Lydio Tomasi (ed.) In Defense of the Alien Volume XXI (Center for Migration Studies, 1999) "The Divorce Between Refugee Determinations and the Pursuit of Human Rights Objectives Through the Conduct of U.S. Foreign Policy: The Case of Female Genital Mutilation," in Lydio Tomasi (ed.) In Defense of the Alien, Volume XIX (Center for Migration Studies, 1997)

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"Refugee Flows, The Internally Displaced and Political Violence," (with Clair Apodaca and James McCann) in Alex Schmid (ed.) Wither Refugee? The Refugee Crisis: Problems and Solutions (PIOOM, 1996) "The Political Terror Scale," (with Matt Dalton) in David Louis Cingranelli (ed.) Human Rights and Developing Countries (JAI Press, 1996) "Trends in Human Rights Practices in the Developing World 1980-1991" (with James McCann) in David Louis Cingranelli (ed.) Human Rights and Developing Countries (JAI Press, 1996) "Reconciling Refugee Relief and Humanitarian Intervention: The Need to Recognize a Right to Evacuation," in Lydio Tomasi (ed.) In Defense of the Alien Volume XVI (Center for Migration Studies, 1994) "The Refugee Regime and the New Europe," in David Forsythe (ed.) Human Rights in the New Europe: Problems and Progress in Eastern Europe (University of Nebraska Press, 1994) "The Repatriation of Soviet Emigres," in Michael D'Innocenzo and Josef Sirefman (ed.) American Immigration and Ethnicity (Greenwood Press, 1992) "Courts as Teachers in a Vital National Seminar on Human Rights," in Mark Gibney (ed.) World Justice? U.S. Courts and International Human Rights (Westview Press, 1991) "U. S. Foreign Policy and the Creation of Refugee Flows," in Howard Adelman (ed.) Refugee Policy: Canada and the U.S.A. (York Lanes Press, 1991) "Human Rights and U.S. Refugee Policy," (with Michael Stohl) in Mark Gibney (ed.) Open Borders? Closed Societies?: The Ethical and Political Issues (Greenwood Press, 1988) "Ronald Reagan, Multilateral Assistance and Human Rights," (with Michael Stohl, David Carleton and Geoffrey Martin) in David Forsythe (ed.) Human Rights and Development: International Views (MacMillan Ltd., 1988) Journal Articles: “The Downing of MH17: Russian Responsibility?” Human Rights Law Review 15: 169-178 (2015) “What a Pity!: Sovereign Immunity, State Responsibility and the Diminution of Accountability Under International Human Rights Law,” (with Erik Roxstrom) Journal of Human Rights 11: 443-459 (2012)

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“The Problem With Teaching Ethics,” International Studies Perspectives 12: 13-15 (2012) “Toward a Theory of Extraterritoriality” University of Minnesota Law Review 95: 81-91 (2011) “Universal Duties: The Responsibility to Protect, the Duty to Prevent (Genocide) and Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations,” Global Responsibility to Protect 3:123-151 (2011) “The Political Terror Scale: A Re-Introduction and a Comparison with CIRI” (with Reed Wood) Human Rights Quarterly 32:367-400 (2010) “Responsibilities for Protecting Human Rights,” global-e, 2008, http://www.global-ejournal.org/index.php/global-e/article/view/22/59 “Genocide and State Responsibility,” Human Rights Law Review 7:760-773 (2007) “The United Nations and the Protection of Human Rights,” (with Reed Wood) International Studies Journal 14:1-32 (2007) “The NATO Bombing Case and the Limits of Western Human Rights Protection,” (with Erik Roxstrom and Terje Einarsen) Boston University International Law Journal 23:55-136 (2005) “A Sense of Space: Human Rights and the West’s Legal Framework” International Studies Journal 2:1-17 (2005) “On the Need for an International Civil Court,” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 26:47-58 (2002) “Re-Thinking Our Sorrow,” Peace Review 14:279-83 (2002) “Transnational Human Rights Obligations,” (with Sigrun Skogly) Human Rights Quarterly 24:781-98 (2002) “The Status of State Apologies,” (with Erik Roxstrom) Human Rights Quarterly 23:911-39 (2001) “What Does It Mean to Say `I’m Sorry’?: President Clinton’s Apology to Guatemala and Its Significance in International and Domestic Law,” (with Daniel Warner) Denver Journal of International Law and Politics 28:223-33 (2000) “All the News That’s Fit to Print?: New York Times Coverage of Human Rights Violations,” (with Steven Caliendo) The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 4:48-69 (1999)

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“Transnational State Responsibility for Violations of Human Rights,” (with Katarina Tomasevki and Jens Vedsted-Hansen), Harvard Human Rights Journal 12:267-96 (1999) “Reconsidering Corruption, Transnational State Responsibility and the African Debt Crisis,” (with Bonny Ibhawoh) Africa World Review (February-April 1999) "United States Responsibility for Gross Levels of Human Rights Abuses in Guatemala from 1954 to 1996," Journal of Transnational Law and Policy 7:231-53 (1997) "Human Rights Litigation in U.S. Courts: A Hypocritical Approach," The Buffalo Journal of International Law, 3:261-88 (1996-97) "Prosecuting Human Rights Violations From a Previous Regime: The East European Experience," East European Quarterly 31:93-110 (1997) "A Response to Carens and Weiner," International Migration Review 30:198-202 (1996) "The Extraterritorial Application of U.S. Law and the Protection of Human Rights: Holding Multinational Corporations to Domestic and International Standards," (with David Emerick), Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, 10:123-45 (1996) "The Extraterritorial Application of U.S. Law: The Perversion of Democratic Governance, the Reversal of Institutional Roles, and the Imperative of Establishing Normative Principles," Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 19:297-321 (1996) "Decommunization: Human Rights Lessons From the Past and Present, and Prospects for the Future" Denver Journal of International Law and Politics, 23:87-133 (1994) "The Implementation of Human Rights as an International Concern: The Case of Former Argentine General Suarez-Mason" Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 24:165-198 (1992) "A Critical Analysis of the U.S. Trade Embargo Against Vietnam," (with Binh Le) International Third World Studies Journal and Review, 3:205-11 (1992) "U.S. Refugee Policy: A Human Rights Analysis Update," (with Vanessa Dalton and Marc Vockell) Journal of Refugee Studies, 5:36-46 (1992) "Foreign Policy: Ideological and Human Rights Factors," The Journal of Policy History, (special edition, Refugees and the Asylum Dilemma in the West) 4:36-53 (1992) "Compensation for Civilians Harmed in the Pursuit of Foreign Policy Goals: Recent Litigation in U.S. Courts," California Western International Law Journal, 22:59-74 (1991-92)

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"U.S. Foreign Policy and Vietnamese Refugee Flows," (with Binh Le) International Third World Studies Journal and Review, 3:101-108 (1991) "Policing the World: The Long Reach of U.S. Law and the Short Arm of the Constitution," Connecticut Journal of International Law, 6:103-26 (1990) "Suing for Death, Suffering and Peace," Human Rights Quarterly, 12:415-25 (1990) “Arguments for the Elimination of Religious Broadcasting From the Public Airwaves," (with Jeff Courtright) Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy, 4:765-813 (1990) "United States Immigration Policy and the Huddled Masses Myth," Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 3:361-86 (1989) "A `Well-Founded Fear' of Persecution," Human Rights Quarterly, 10:109-21 (1988) "Human Rights and Human Consequences: A Critical Analysis of Sanchez-Espinoza v. Reagan," Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, 10:299-320 (1988) "Moral Concerns for Multinationals," Contemporary Review, (March, 1987) "Judicial Failure to Enforce Human Rights Legislation: An Alternative Analysis of Crockett v. Reagan," New York Law Review, Human Rights Annual, 4:115-136 (1986) "State Aid to Religious Affiliated Schools: A Political Analysis," William & Mary Law Review, 28:119-153 (1986) "The 1980 Refugee Act: A Humanitarian Standard," Gonzaga Law Review, 1:585-602 (1985/86) "The Role of the Judiciary in Alien Admissions," Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 8:341-376 (1985) Professional Contributions: Political Terror Scale -- Human Rights Data: Each year I organize the publication of the Political Terror Scale (PTS), which is the most widely used human rights dataset in the world, measuring levels of political violence in more than 175 countries. This can be found at: www.politicalterrorscale.org In this capacity, I served as an expert for the Human Security Report (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).

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Member of the Editorial Review Board (and Film Review Editor) for Human Rights Quarterly (1989-present) Member of the International Advisory Board of the International Studies Journal (2005-present) Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Human Rights (2008-present) Officer of the Human Rights Section of the American Political Science Association (2002-2006, President 2005-2006). Chair, Human Rights Section, International Studies Association (2012-14). Chair, Academic Freedom Committee, International Studies Association (2013-2016). Human Rights Series Editor, Routledge Press, 2014-? Honors and Awards: American Political Science Association, Distinguished Human Rights Scholar (2011) Ruth and Leon Feldman Professor Award for Outstanding Scholarship, UNCA (2008-2009). Awarded the International Human Rights Award by the North Carolina Coalition on Human Rights (2006) Fulbright Fellowship, Catolica Universidad, Valparaiso, Chile, 2003. Danish Social Science Research Council, 1997-98 Fulbright Fellowship, Norwegian Institute for Human Rights, 1989 Dissertation/Masters Committees University of Antwerp, Committee for Arne Vandenbogaerde, Contours and Viability of a Multi-Duty-Bearer Accountability Framework in the Field of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Lund University, Faculty of Law, Mid-Seminar opponent for: Matthew Scott, Refugee from Environmentally Related Harm in an Era of Climate Change; Megi Medzmariashvili, Legal Nature and Status (Harmonised) Technical Standards in EU Law; Tova Bennet, Mentally Disordered Offenders in Sweden

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Wilfred Laurier University (Canada), Ph.D. Committee for Pauline Maillet, Extraterritorial Spaces in the Context of Refugee Protection Stellenbosch University (South Africa), Ph.D. External Examiner for Khulekani Mayo (Water as a Human Right under International Human Rights Law: Implications for the Privatisation of Water Services, Feb. 2012) Melbourne University (Australia), External Examiner for Ph.D. for Takele Soboka Bulto, (Rights, Wrongs and the River Between Extraterritorial Application of the Human Right to Water in Africa and Beyond, May 2011) Aarhus University (Denmark), Ph.D. Committee for Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen (Extraterritorial Application of International Refugee Law, Sept. 2009) University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Ph.D. Committee for Reed Wood (Political Violence and Civil Conflicts, April 2010) UNC-Asheville, Chair, MLA thesis Chair for Sofia Mannos (The Cuban Embargo and Hendersonville apples, May 2009) UNC-Asheville, Chair, MLA thesis for Clive Possinger (Transitions to Peace, May 2008) McMaster University (Canada), Ph.D. thesis External Reviewer for Joanna Quinn (Haitian and Ugandan Truth Commissions, May 2007) Purdue University: Ph.D. Committee for Joel Toppen (State Recognition, May 1996) Purdue University, Ph.D. Committee (Chair) for Steven Caliendo (Political Socialization, May 1993). Book Reviews: Luis Cabrera, The Practice of Global Citizenship in Ethics & International Affairs 25:479-81 (2011) Danielle Celermajer, The Sins of the Nation and the Ritual of Apologies in Human Rights Quarterly 33: 566-68 (2011) Jennifer Lind, Sorry States: Apologies in International Politics in Pacific Affairs 83: 174-75 (2010). Daniel Bell and Jean-Marc Coicaud (eds.) Ethics in Action: The Ethical Challenges of International Human Rights Nongovernmental Organizations in UN Chronicle (March 2007)

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Fons Coomans and Menno Kamminga (ed.) Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Treaties in American Journal of International Law 100:282-83 (2006) Liza Schuster, The Use and Abuse of Political Asylum in Britain and Germany in International Migration Review 38:1261-62 (2004) Kurt Mills, Human Rights in the Emerging World Order: A New Sovereignty? in Human Rights Quarterly 21:1134-35 (1999) Norman Zucker and Naomi Flink Zucker, Desperate Crossings: Seeking Refuge in America in Asian and Pacific Migration Review 7:525-26 (1998) James Hathaway The Law of Refugee Status in Human Rights Quarterly, 14:45-46 (1992) Malcolm X and Alex Haley, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, in Human Rights Quarterly, 14:657-59 (1992) Yossi Shain The Frontier of Loyalty: Political Exiles in the Age of the Nation-State in Ethics, 101:212 (1990) John Rogge (ed.) Refugees: A Third World Dilemma in International Migration Review, 22:337 (1989) David Martin (ed.) The New Asylum Seekers: Refugee Law in the 1980s in Human Rights Quarterly, 11:476-78 Human Rights Film Reviews: “The 2012-2013 Human Rights Watch Traveling Film Festival,” Human Rights Quarterly 35: 807-11 (2013). “Human Rights Begins with Seeing,” (with Ken Betsalel) Human Rights Quarterly 33:1186-1193 (2011) “Can a Film End a War?” (with Ken Betsalel) Human Rights Quarterly 30:521-526 (2008) “Human Rights Watch 2007 Traveling Film Festival,” (with Ken Betsalel) Human Rights Quarterly 30:204-208 (2008) Human Rights Film Juror Served as Juror in Documentary category at the FIFDH Film Festival in Geneva, March 2014

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Other Academic Articles: “Ending the Nightmare,” The Humanist (September/October 2006) “Missing the Forest for the Trees,” The Humanist (May/June 1999) "Teaching Law in American Universities," (with Sergei Deitsiv) Soviet State and Law, (No. 3, 1993) pp.125-32 "The Obligations of Individuals," Contemporary Review, (February, 1989) "A Comparison of Norwegian and U.S. Refugee Policy," Mennesker og Rettigheter (Nordic Journal of Human Rights) Fall, 1989 "Knowledge of International Events," The High School Journal, April-May, 1988; "Who Is Our Favorite Refugee Today?" Human Rights, Summer, 1988 "Citizen Involvement in Central America," Contemporary Review, (May, 1985) "Seeking Sanctuary: A Special Duty for the U.S.?" Commonweal, (May, 1984) Op-Ed Articles: “Treat Overseas Workers Fairly -- by Law, Not Whim,” Los Angeles Times May 25, 1998 "As Nations Right Past Wrongs, The U.S. and Soviets Should Look to Their Cold War Victims," Chicago Tribune, July 10, 1991 "Give Me Your Huddled Anticommunists," Christianity and Crisis, Aug. 3, 1987 "Criminal Law and Contra Aid," Christian Science Monitor, January 27, 1987 "Why Aren't Celebrity Addicts Prosecuted?" St. Louis Post Dispatch, Aug. 30, 1985 "Evidence of the Malaise," St. Louis Post Dispatch, Nov. 26, 1986 "Lady Liberty and Her Huddled Masses," Christian Science Monitor, Sept. 30, 1986; Teaching Awards:

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Social Sciences Teaching Award (UNC-Asheville) 2011 Inducted into the first class of Purdue University’s “Book of Great Teachers” (1999) Nominated for the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, "U.S. Professor of the Year" Award 1992 (Purdue University) Murphy/Amoco University Award for Outstanding Undergraduate Teaching, 1991 (Purdue University) MCL Excellence in Education Award, School of Liberal Arts, 1990 (Purdue University). University Service Mountains to the World -- I served as the administrator of a three year $100,000 grant for the international service learning project “Mountains to the World,” which provides UNCA students the opportunity to make a personal and positive contribution in various Third World countries. Curriculum Review Task Force, Point Person for “Big Picture” Subcommittee (2011-2013) Honorands Committee (2009-present) Selected as UNC-Asheville’s Outstanding Faculty Advisor (2007) UNCA, Faculty Advisor, Amnesty International (2002-present) UNCA, Faculty Advisor, American Civil Liberties Union (2005-present) UNCA, Faculty Advisor, Students for a Sensible Drug Policy (2006-2008) UNCA, Faculty Advisor, Students for a Democratic Society (2005-present) UNCA, University Pre-Law Advisor (1998-present) Community Service Board of Directors, Center for Diversity Education (1998-2008, President 2006-07) Board of Directors (and former President) WNC Chapter of the United Nations Association (1998-2006, presently emeritus member) Board of Directors, World Affairs Council of WNC (2006-2009)

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Board of Directors (and former Vice President) of the Western Carolinians for Criminal Justice (1999-2004) Staff Attorney: Office of General Counsel, Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. 1979-80 VISTA volunteer/staff attorney, Central Kentucky Legal Services, 1977-79 Amicus Work: Helped write an Amicus Curiae brief on a petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Supreme Court in the case of British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited v. United States Wrote Amicus Brief for the U.S. Committee for Refugees in the case of Haitian Centers Council v. McNary (2nd Cir. Court of Appeals, 1992). Panel Participation: Discussant, for “Compliance with the International Human Rights Regime,” at APSA annual meeting, San Francisco, September 2015. Paper, “Beyond Bankovic: Human Rights Protection Inside and Outside of Europe,” at the ISA/APSA/IPSA joint human rights conference, the Hague, Netherlands, June 2015 Discussant for “Accessing Justice” panel at ISA/APSA/IPSA joint human rights conference, the Hague, Netherlands, June 2015 Paper (with Linda Cornett), “Physical Integrity Violations and Non-State Actors,” at the Association of Human Rights Institutions Conference, Danish Institute for Human Rights, September 2014 Chair, Panel on Human Rights Measurements, at the Association of Human Rights Institutions Conference, Danish Institute for Human Rights, September 2014 Discussant for papers by Jim Hathaway, Gregor Noll and Elspeth Guld, LUMIN Conference, Faculty of Law, Lund University, September 2014 Paper, “Tortured Logic: How Distinctions Based on Place, Space and Citizenship Work to Defeat the Protection of Human Rights,” at the International Studies Association

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Presidential Panel Law, Obligation and Relationships Across and Beyond Borders, April 2014, Toronto Chair, Presidential Roundtable: Academic Freedom, at the International Studies Association Annual Meeting, April 2014, Toronto

Paper, Beyond Individual Accountability: The Meaning of State Responsibility Under International Human Rights Law,” at the Panel Protecting Human Rights: Duties and Responsibilities of States and Non-State Actors, International Studies Association, April 2014, Toronto Presenter, Human Rights Across Time and Space (Roundtable), International Studies Association, April 2014, Toronto Presenter, “Litigating Transnational State Responsibilities,” at the authors’ meeting for the book project Pushing Human Rights Boundaries, Antwerp, February 2014 Keynote Speaker, “NSA Spying and Its Implications for International Human Rights Law” at the Conference The Dark Side of Globalization, Danish Institute for Human Rights, December 2013, Copenhagen Paper (with Linda Cornett), “Models of Political Violence,” at the International Studies Association Panel, Political Violence and Democracy, April 2013, San Francisco Paper, “Human Rights Unbound: The Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations,” at the International Studies Association Panel, Statehood and Sovereignty, April 2013, San Francisco Paper, “State Responsibility and Human Rights,” at the International Studies Association Workshop, Protecting Human Rights: Duties and Responsibilities of States and Non-State Actors, April 2013 Paper, “Re-conceptualizing (Political) Violence,” at the G.E. Hendricks Symposium, University of Nebraska, Human Rights and Human Security in Conversation, Nov. 2012 Paper, “Human Rights and State Responsibility,” at the joint ISA/APSA/IPSA Human Rights Conference, University of Glasgow, July 2012 Paper,” What a Pity!: Sovereign Immunity, State Responsibility and the Diminution of Accountability Under International Human Rights Law,” 53rd Annual International Studies Association Conference, San Diego, April 2012 Roundtable Participant, Visualizing Human Rights, 53rd Annual International Studies Association Conference, San Diego, April 2012

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Paper, “UDHR Article 28 and the Human Right to a Certain World Order,” Conference on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, University of Connecticut, March 2011 Paper, “Universal Duties: The Responsibility to Protect, the Duty to Prevent (Genocide) and Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations,” International Studies Association, Montreal, March 2011 Roundtable Participant, International Humanitarian Law, 52nd Annual International Studies Association, Montreal, March 2011 Roundtable Participant, Teaching Ethics, International Studies Association, Montreal, March 2011 Paper, “Measuring Human Rights Violations: The Political Terror Scale,” at the conference Normative Implications of Recent Empirical Research on Human Rights, University of Arizona, Feb. 2010 Roundtable Participant on the Panel “New Directions in Human Rights,” American Political Science Association, Toronto, Sept. 2009 Paper (with Reed Wood), “The Political Terror Scale: Measuring Human Rights Violations,” American Political Science Association, Toronto, Sept. 2009 Discussant, “New Views on Human Rights,” and “Individual Criminal Responsibility: The Key to the Rule of Law in War,” at the International Studies Association Meeting, New York City, Feb. 2009 Roundtable Participant at the Human Rights Education Workshop, “What do We Teach When We Teach Human Rights?: Integrating Analysis and Advocacy,” Columbia University, Oct. 2008 Conference Organizer and Host, ETO-Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany, Sept. 2008 Paper, “Terminology” Experts Meeting on Transnational State Responsibility, Tilburg University (the Netherlands), Jan. 2008 Paper, “Judicial Responses to the War on Terror,” Humboldt University, Berlin, May 2007 Paper, “Trees Falling in the Forest: Media Coverage of Human Rights Violations,” American Political Science Association, Aug. 2006 Paper, “Economic Rights and Extraterritorial Obligations,” University of Connecticut, Conference on Economic Rights: Conceptual, Measurement and Policy Issues,” Oct. 2005

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Paper, “Limiting Human Rights Protection,” at the Human Rights Education International Conference,” Roehampton University, June 17-19, 2005 Paper, “The Political Terror Scale” at the American Political Science Association Short Course: “Measurement Issues in the Analysis of Human Rights,” Chicago, IL, September 2004 Discussant, “International Justice and Human Rights,” American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA, August 2003 Paper, The NATO Bombing Case [Bankovic v. Belgium]: One Step Forward or Two Steps Back?, International Studies Association Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, Feb. 2003 Paper, “Am I My Brothers’ Keeper? – The Notion of Universalism in the Enforcement of International Human Rights,” American Political Science Association, San Francisco, Sept. 2001 Chair, Roundtable Meeting, “New Approaches to Human Rights Implementation,” International Studies Association Meeting, Feb. 1999 Discussant, “New Issues in Refugeedom: the Politicization and Secularization of the Displaced,” ISA, Feb. 1999; Paper, “Restricting Political Asylum as a Form of Restricting Migration,” International Studies Association, Feb. 1999 Paper, at the Hinman Symposium on Democratization and Human Rights, SUNY-Binghamton, “Sleeping with Mobutu: Transnational State Responsibility,” Sept. 1998 Paper, "Who Will Regulate Multinational Corporations: Home Countries? Host Countries? All Countries? -- Or Are They Simply Going to Police Themselves?" Presented at the Conference on New Asylum Regimes in the World, “Asylum and Human Rights,” University of Warwick, Feb. 1998 Paper presented at the Conference on Human Rights and Development, Roskilde University, Denmark, October 1997 Paper presented at the Hendricks Symposium on Human Rights, "In Search of a Real Refugee Policy for the United States," University of Nebraska-Lincoln, September 1996 Respondent, "Democratization and the Courts," American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA, August 1996 Paper presented at the Western Political Science Association, "Refugees and Human Rights: U.S. Policy Since the End of the Cold War," San Francisco, CA, March 1996

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Respondent, "Ethics, Migration and Global Stewardship: Towards International Consensus?" Center for Migration Studies, Georgetown University, September 1995 Paper presented at the 4th International Research and Advisory Panel Conference, "Refugee Flows, the Internally Displaced and Political Violence: An Explanatory Analysis." Sommerville College, Oxford University, January, 1994 Discussant, "Refugees: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow," Social Science History Association, Chicago, IL, November, 1992 Paper presented at the International Conference on Human Rights in a New World Order, "Decommunization: Lessons from the Past, Prospects for the Future," Prague, Czechoslovakia, June, 1992 Moderator, "Reflections on The Soviet Union," Purdue University, September, 1991 Discussant, "International Human Rights: Research Methods and Teaching," International Political Science Association Fifteenth World Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina, July, 1991 Paper presented at the International Political Science Association Fifteenth World Congress, "The Odyssey of General Suarez-Mason and the Implementation of Human Rights," Buenos Aires, Argentina, July, 1991 Chair, "Humanitarian Intervention," at the Conference "Obligations and Their Limits," York University, Toronto, May, 1991 Paper presented at the Conference on "The Ethical Dimensions of The Changing Use of Force in International Affairs," University of Notre Dame, "Military Seizure of Foreign Nationals in the Drug War," October, 1990 Paper presented at the Conference on "The Ethical Dimensions of The Changing Use of Force in International Affairs," University of Notre Dame, "Military Seizure of Foreign Nationals in the Drug War," October, 1990 Paper presented (with Binh Le) at the Third World Studies Conference, University of Nebraska-Omaha, "U.S. Foreign Policy and Vietnamese Refugee Flows," October, 1990 Discussant, "Public Policy and Refugee Politics," American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August, 1990 Paper presented at the Conference on Canadian and U.S. Refugee Policy, York University, Toronto, "U.S. Foreign Policy and the Creation of Refugee Flows," May, 1990

20

Chair, "The Courts and Foreign Policy," American Political Science Association, Atlanta, September, 1989 Paper, "The Repatriation of Soviet Emigres," Hofstra University, Conference on Immigration and Ethnicity, 1987 Paper presented at the American Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, "High School Student Attitudes on Foreign Policy Issues," September, 1987 Paper presented at the American Political Science Association, Chicago Illinois, "U.S. Refugee Policy and Human Rights," September, 1987 The Hague, The Netherlands; Paper presented at the University of Quebec at Montreal, Conference on The Right of Internal Asylum or Sanctuary, "The Exclusion and Inclusion of Asylum-Seekers: Seeking Refuge in the United States," June, 1987 Paper presented (in absentia) at the International Political Science Association Conference on Human Rights and Development, "Ronald Reagan and Human Rights," June, 1987 Discussant, "Judges and Justices: Soviet Refugee Policy," Hillel Foundation, W. Lafayette, IN., November, 1986 Discussant, "U.S. Immigration Policy," Midwest International Studies Association, Indianapolis, November, 1986 Discussant, The Quest for Democracy and Development in Nicaragua," American Political Science Association, New Orleans, 1985 Selected Public Lectures: “Freedom of Speech and Press: The True American Exceptionalism,” Jus Humanis, May, 2015 “Political Terror: How do we measure and deal with human insecurity?” Chr. Michelsen Lecture, Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen, Norway, March 2015 “Beyond Territory: Reconceptualizing the Scope and Meaning of Human Rights,” Raoul Wallenberg Inaugural Lecture, Lund University, December 2014 “Human Rights Measures” Belarussian Human Rights Group, Lund, Sweden, November 2014

21

“Hate Speech – The True Example of American Exceptionalism,” Developing a Human Rights Toolbox: An International Session for Practising Lawyers, Mannheimer Swarting, Stockholm, September 2014 “State Surveillance and Its Meaning for International Law,” Opening of INTRALaw Centre, Aarhus University Faculty of Law, October 2014 “NSA Spying,” College for Seniors, Reuter Center, Asheville, May 2014 “NSA Spying and the Constitution” World Affairs Council, Asheville, May 2014 “Who Are Nero’s Guests,” Wingate University, February 2014 “One World,” Keynote Address, Indiana University-Purdue University-Fort Wayne, Human Rights Conference, April 2014 “NSA Spying and the Violation of International Human Rights Standards,” Keynote Address, GLOTHRO Conference, Danish Institute for Human Rights, Copenhagen, Dec. 2013 “Human Rights Unbound: Extraterritorial Obligations,” Balsillie School of International Affairs, Wilfrid Laurier University, March 2013 “The Political Terror Scale,” American Political Science Association Seminar on Democracy Audits and Governmental Indicators, University of California-Berkeley, Oct. 2009 “Human Rights and Extraterritorial Obligations” at seminar at Aarhus University (Denmark) Faculty of Law, Sept. 2009 “Conceptual Issues” at the Extraterritorial Obligations Consortium Meeting, Lancaster University, Sept. 2009 “Human Rights and Film,” John Hope Franklin Center, Duke University, July 2009 “Ending the Nightmare: A New Vision of Human Rights,” Keynote Speaker for the Human Rights Section of the American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, Oct. 2008 “State Responsibility for Violations of Human Rights,” and the “Political Terror Scale,” University of Goteborg (Sweden), May 2008 “Ending Political Violence,” Lancaster University School of Law, May 2008 “State Responsibility and Human Rights,” Thomas Dodd Center for Human Rights, University of Connecticut, April 2008

22

“Extraterritorial Obligations,” at the Meeting of the Consortium on Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations, John Knox Centre, Geneva, Oct. 2007 “What is Wrong with U.S. Refugee Policy?” University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Human Rights Week, April 2007 “Ending the Nightmare: How to Save the World in Four Easy Steps,” University of Oregon School of Law, November 2006 “International Tribunals: The Good, the Bad and the Indifferent,” Keynote Address at the Florida International University Conference “War Crimes and International Responsibility: A Symposium on Human Rights, Law and Governance,” February 2006 “Human Rights and Transnational State Obligations,” The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Palais Wilson, Geneva, May 2005 “How to Save the World in Five Easy Steps,” University of Liverpool, Center for Complexity Theory, April 2005 “Apology and Truth Commissions,” University of North Texas, April 2005 “Apologies and the ‘War on Terror’,” University Center for International Studies, UNC-Chapel Hill, Oct. 2004 “A Sense of Space: The Limits of Western Human Rights Protection,” Dept. of Political Science, Pennsylvania State University, Oct. 2004 “The West Apologizes to the West: Moral Metamorphosis or the Height of Hypocrisy?” Morehouse College, at the Conference of the International Association of Educators for World Peace, April 2004 “Europe’s Protection of Human Rights?” University of Nottingham, March 2004 “Brothers in Hypocrisy: The United States, Europe and the Rule of Law,” University of Lancaster, March 2004 “Measuring Political Violence,” at the conference “Mapping and Explaining Civil War: What to Do About Contested Datasets and Findings?” Oslo, Norway, August 2003 “State (Non)Responsibility,” at the seminario internacional procesos post comisiones de la verdad, “de la negacion al reconocimiento,” Lima, Peru, June 2003 “Reconciliation – Is This the Best That We Can Offer? at the Conference “The Roads Toward Reconciliation,” Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen, Norway, April 2002;

23

“A Critique of the 1951 Refugee Convention,” University of Miami (FL), April 2001 “The Rule of Law and Universal Jurisdiction,” Symposium on the Occasion of the Signing of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, Palermo, Sicily, December 2000 “Transnational State Responsibility and the African Debt Crisis,” Academic Council on the United Nations System, Thirteenth Annual Meeting, Oslo, Norway, June 2000; “Refugee Protection From an Ethical Perspective,” University of Bergen School of Law, May 2000 “Ethics and Refugees,” United Nations University, Florence, Italy and New York City, March 1999 “Principles for a New Alien Admission Policy: A United States Perspective,” Conference on Immigration Policy: A Search for Balance in Europe, Groningen, the Netherlands, February 1999 “Does the United States Have a Refugee Policy?” University of Buffalo School of Law, March 1998 “Missing the Forests for the Trees: Talking About Moral Issues When What We Are Really Doing is Avoiding Them Instead,” Kenan Ethics Program, Duke University, February 1998 “The Extraterritorial Application of United States Law,” Raoul Wallenberg Institute, Lund University, Sweden, November 1997 “The Rape of Eastern Europe,” Economic & Social Research Council, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 1997 "Strengthening National and International Justice Systems: Criminal Justice Reform and International Tribunals," International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme, Courmayeur, Italy, October 1997 "Applying American Law Beyond the Territorial Boundaries of the United States: Inconsistent, Inhumane and Immoral,” American Studies Programme, Odense University, Denmark, September 1997 "Human Rights and Refugees," The Graduate Institute of International Studies and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva, Switzerland, November, 1994

24

"International Rights, Duties and Remedies: A Truly New World Order," Global Studies Programme, Kings College, Cambridge University, January, 1994 "The Hypocrisy of U.S. Refugee Policy," Indiana University-Indianapolis School of Law, November, 1992 "Measuring Human Rights Violations," University of Leiden, The Netherlands, May, 1992 "Responding to Asylum-Seekers," Amnesty International USA, Legal Support Network, University of Cincinnati Law School, February, 1990 "Arguments for the Elimination of Religious Broadcasting From the Public Airwaves," Notre Dame Law School, Religion Clauses Conference, April, 1989 "Norwegian Refugee Policy," Institute for Human Rights, Oslo, Norway, July, 1989 "The Future of Norway's Refugee Policy," Red Cross Refugee Camp, Drammen, Norway, August, 1989 "Teaching Ethics," Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, Smith College, April, 1989