GiaoTrinh Excel

TRNG I HC S PHM HU TRUNG TM TIN HCHONG V LUN

GIO TRNH

HU 2005

MC LCMC LC BI 1 2 TNG QUAN V EXCEL...........................................................................................................6

1.1. Gii thiu - Cc chc nng chnh ca Excel.........................................................................................6 1.2. Khi ng v kt thc Excel..................................................................................................................6 1.3. Cc thnh phn v khi nim c bn.....................................................................................................8 BI 2 LM VIC VI BNG TNH..................................................................................................12 2.1. Cc thao cc c bn.............................................................................................................................12 2.2. S dng menu FILE.............................................................................................................................15 2.3. S dng hm (function) trong cng thc.............................................................................................16 BI 3 CC HM THNG DNG TRONG EXCEL.....................................................................18 3.1. Cc hm tnh ton v thng k (Statistical).........................................................................................18 3.2. Cc hm lgic.......................................................................................................................................20 3.3. Cc hm chui (string), vn bn (text)................................................................................................21 3.4. Cc hm ngy, gi (Date & Time)......................................................................................................22 3.5. Cc hm tm kim v tham chiu (Lookup & Reference)..................................................................23 BI 4 TO BIU - CHART WIZARD.........................................................................................25 4.1. Cc thnh phn ca biu .................................................................................................................25 4.2. S dng Chart Wizard..........................................................................................................................25 4.3. Hiu chnh, to dng biu ...............................................................................................................27 BI 5 C S D LIU TRONG EXCEL..........................................................................................30 5.1. Khi nim v c s d liu (Data Base)..............................................................................................30 5.2. Hng dn to danh sch trong Excel.................................................................................................30 5.3. Cc hm CSDL.....................................................................................................................................31 BI 6 CC THAO TC TRN DANH SCH D LIU.................................................................34 6.1. Sp xp d liu ([DATA]\SORT)........................................................................................................34 6.2. Lc d liu ([DATA]\FILTER)...........................................................................................................35 6.3. Thng k theo nhm ([DATA]\SUBTOTALS)...................................................................................38 6.4. S dng [Data]Forms...........................................................................................................................40 6.5. Phn tch bng d liu [Data]Pivot Table...........................................................................................40 BI 7 CC CHC NNG B SUNG..................................................................................................45 7.1. nh dng trang: [File] Page Setup.....................................................................................................45 7.2. Xem trc khi in: [File]Print Preview.................................................................................................46 7.3. Chc nng in: [File]Print.....................................................................................................................46 7.4. S dng tnh nng [Data]Group and Outline.......................................................................................47 7.5. Qun l vng mn hnh lm vic.........................................................................................................47

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7.6. Du cc hng/ct..................................................................................................................................47 7.7. nh dng c iu kin........................................................................................................................47 7.8. Kim tra d liu khi nhp....................................................................................................................48 7.9. Bo v d liu......................................................................................................................................50 HNG DN THC HNH MS-EXCEL.......................................................................................................51 BI M U HNG DN THC HNH EXCEL.............................................................................51 BI S 1.....................................................................................................................................................52 BI S 2a....................................................................................................................................................53 BI S 2b...................................................................................................................................................55 BI S 3.....................................................................................................................................................55 BI S 4a....................................................................................................................................................56 BI S 4b...................................................................................................................................................58 BI S 5a....................................................................................................................................................59 BI S 5b...................................................................................................................................................60 BI S 6.....................................................................................................................................................60 BI S 7a....................................................................................................................................................62 BI TP 7b.................................................................................................................................................64 BI S 8.....................................................................................................................................................65 BI S 9.....................................................................................................................................................67 BI S 10...................................................................................................................................................68 BI S 11...................................................................................................................................................70 BI S 12...................................................................................................................................................71

TIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL - BI 4

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TIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL


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BI 1 TNG QUAN V EXCEL1.1.Gii thiu - Cc chc nng chnh ca Excel1. Gii thiu Excel l trnh ng dng bng tnh trong Windows, thuc b cng c vn phng Microsoft Office (MsOffice). Excel l ng dng a vn bn ngha l c th m ng thi nhiu hn mt ca s vn bn. Cc thao tc trong Excel tun theo tiu chun ca Windows, nh: lm vic vi ca s, cc hp i thoi, h thng menu, s dng mouse, cc biu tng lnh... Excel c th c ci t mt cch c lp, nhng thng thng l qua b ci t MsOffice. ng dn n chng trnh EXCEL.EXE thng l ...Programs\Microsoft Office\ 2. Cc chc nng chnh ca Excel L mt ng dng bng tnh, mi ca s vn bn ca Excel l mt WorkBook, trong gm nhiu Sheet mi Sheet c th l bng tnh, biu hoc macro bng tnh. Cc Sheet c th c lp hoc ph thuc nhau ty vo s t chc ca ngi s dng. Khi lu (save) WorkBook, Excel t ng thm phn m rng l XLS. Chc nng chnh ca Excel bao gm: - tnh ton, phn tch, to biu , lp bo co... trn cc d liu c t chc theo dng bng 2 chiu (m hnh quan h). - chia s d liu vi cc ng dng khc Cc chc nng ny mt phn c thc hin thng qua cc hm c thit k sn hoc hm do ngi s dng t to; phn khc thng qua cc cng c c t chc trong h thng menu hoc biu tng lnh. L ng dng trong b MsOffice nn Excel c ti u ha s dng cc tnh nng b sung, nh nhp vn bn t Word, to ch ngh thut t WordArt, chn vn bn ton hc t Equation, b sung hnh nh t ClipArt Gallery... Ngc li, Excel cng cung cp cc phng thc cc ng dng khc c th s dng c cc chc nng mnh ca n. Ngoi ra, Excel cn c thit k c th s dng cc ngun d liu t cc ng dng khc, nh d liu t FoxPro, t Lotus 1-2-3...

1.2.Khi ng v kt thc Excel1. Khi ng C nhiu cch khi ng chng trnh Excel, di y l mt s cch thng dng: + Chn biu tng Excel t thanh Shortcut Bar hoc thanh Quick Launch (nu c) thanh Quick Launch6Hong V Lun

+ T nt Start : [START]\Programs\(Microsoft Office)\Microsoft Office Excel

+ Hoc khi ng t biu tng Excel trong ca s Windows Explorer

2. Kt thc Sau khi hon tt phin lm vic trong Excel, ta kt thc n bng mt trong cc cch sau: + Chn lnh t menu: [FILE]\Exit + Nhn vo nt ng ca s [] gc trn phi, hoc nhn AltF4... F Nu cc WorkBook c sa i v cha ghi li s thay i, th Excel s yu cu ta xc nhn vic c ghi hay khng trc khi kt thc. Chn [Yes] ghi, [No] kt thc v khng ghi, nhn [Cancel] hy lnh v tip tc lm vic vi Excel.

- Cn phi hon tt thao tc nhp d liu trong 1 (nu ang nhp d dang) trc khi kt thc ca s WorkBook.


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1.3.Cc thnh phn v khi nim c bn1. Ca s ng dng

Ca s chnh ca Excel l vng mn hnh cha chng trnh Excel khi n c khi ng, tng t nh cc ca s ng dng khc trong Windows. Gm cc thnh phn nh: cc ng vin gii hn kch thc ca s; thanh tiu cha tiu chng trnh v tn WorkBook ang lm vic; thanh menu ngang, cc thanh cng c (Toolbar) cha cc biu tng lnh; cc nt lnh ca ca s (hp iu khin, nt Minimize, Maximize/Restore, Close); vng lm vic (desktop) v cui cng l dng trng thi cha thng bo v trng thi lm vic. 2. Ca s workbook (vn bn) Ngay sau khi khi ng, thng thng Excel a ra mt workbook mi ngi s dng c th bt u lm vic. WorkBook ny c t trong mt ca s vn bn nm trong vng desktop ca ca s ng dng. Khi c maximize (cc i ha), tiu ca ca s workbook nm chung vi tiu ca chng trnh. Mi Workbook bao gm nhiu Sheet. Mi Sheet l mt li cc (cell) c t chc thnh hng (row) v ct (column). Row WorkBook Sheet Cell Column Ngay pha trn vng bng tnh c 2 thnh phn: mt l hp tn (Name Box) cha tn ca (hoc dy cc ) hin thi ang c chn; hai l thanh cng thc (Formula Bar) cha ni dung hoc cho php nhp ni dung ca ang chn. Pha di l thanh cha tn cc sheet trong workbook v thanh cun ngang, bn phi l thanh cun dc.8Hong V Lun

3. T chc bng tnh (sheet) trong Excel a. nh a ch hng, ct v Trong Excel, hng c nh s (gn nhn) t 1, 2,.. n 16384 (hoc 65536); ct c nh th t t A, B, ..., Z, AA, ..., IV (256 ct). Giao ca ct v hng l (cell) vi a ch xc nh l: [nhn ct][nhn dng], v d: F15 l giao ca ct F v dng 15, hoc c xc nh theo cch R[s hiu dng]C[s hiu ct], nh R5C8 l ti dng 5 ct 8 (tc ct H). i vi trong mt sheet ca mt workbook no , th a ch dng y l: Path\[Tn_workbook]Tn_Sheet!Tham_chiu_ Trong : + Path l ng dn y ca workbook s tham chiu; + Tham_chiu_ hoc l tn 1 , hoc mt khong cc . Khong cc l tp hp cc c dng: mt dy lin tc cc (gii hn trong mt khung hnh ch nht) v/hoc cc ri rc. Trong cc lin tc (khong cc ) c vit theo dng _u_tin_trn_tri:_cui_cng_di_phi, v d: A4:C7 l khong lin tc 12 gii hn bi 3 ct (A, B, C) v 4 hng (4, 5, 6, 7); cc ri rc cch nhau bi du phn cch (thng thng l du phy), v d: C5, E9, F12 l dy 3 ri nhau. b. Ni dung ca cc Mi c th cha d liu hoc cng thc tnh ton. D liu c th l : - chui k t (character/string) v d H v tn - s (numeric) 125 - ngy (date) 08/12/1998 - gi (time) 8:15:25 Cng thc tnh ton c dng: k t u tin l du bng (=) tip theo l mt biu thc. V d: ti A3 nu ta nhp =5+3 th sau khi nhn Enter, ni dung ca A3 s l 8. + Biu thc tnh ton c nh ngha l mt tp hp cc ton t v ton hng c vit theo quy tc (c php) do Excel quy nh. Trong : . Ton t l cc php ton s hc: + (cng), - (tr), * (nhn), / (chia), % (phn trm), ^ (ly tha); hoc cc ton t so snh: < (nh hn: less than), > (ln hn: greater than), = (bng: equal to), = (ln hn hoc bng: greater than or equal to), (khng bng: not equal to), v ton t ni chui & (v d: HO&TEN HOTEN). . Ton hng c th l gi tr hng (constant), mt tham chiu , mt nhn (label), tn (name) hoc l mt hm (function) ca workbook. Cc hng chui c bao trong cp nhy kp . Hm (function) c dng: Tn_hm(danh sch i s nu c), trong cp ngot n l bt but. Do hm thc hin mt qu trnh x l hay tnh ton v tr v mt kt qu nn n c th xut hin bt k u trong mt biu thc m c th c mt ton hng. Ngoi ra, Excel cn cho php kh nng cc hm lng nhau, ngha l mt hm c th xut hin trong danh sch i s ca mt hm khc. V d: SUM(A1, SUM(C5:F7)) F V d v cng thc: = 15 + (4 * A6) SUM(B2:B4)TIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL - BI 4

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Trong : 5, 4 l cc hng; A6, B2:B4 l cc tham chiu ; SUM l tn hm; + * l cc ton t. F Gi tr ca cng thc c Excel t ng cp nht khi c s thay i lin quan n mi mt gi tr ca ton hng trong . c. Tham chiu tng i v tuyt i tham chiu n cc , c hai cch: tham chiu tng i v tham chiu tuyt i. Tham chiu tng i xc nh v tr tng i t cha tham chiu n c tham chiu. V d: trong cng thc ti C3 c cha tham chiu n A2 c hiu nh l: xut pht ti hin thi (C3) sang tri 2 ct (t C sang A) v di chuyn ln 1 hng (t hng th 3 ln 2) ly d liu ti . - Vi tham chiu tng i, khi ngi s dng sao chp cng thc t ny sang khc th gi tr tham chiu t ng thay i. V d, nu sao chp cng thc trong C3 trn sang K5 th tham chiu n A2 s i li l I4 (gi nguyn s tng i t K5 n I4: sang tri 2 v ln 1). - T y suy ra, nu sao chp cng thc theo chiu dc th s hiu hng s b thay i, s hiu ct c gi nguyn. Tng t, nu sao chp theo chiu ngang th ga tr ct b thay i, gi li s hiu dng. - V d: xt bng sau: C D F 12 5 7 =SUM(C12:D12) 13 6 8 =SUM(C13:D13) 14 4 9 ? 15 =SUM(C12:C14) =SUM(D12:D14) Ti F12 nhp cng thc tnh tng cc t C12 n D12, khi nu sao chp cng thc n F13 th tham chiu s thay i thnh tng cc t C13 n D13, sao chp n F14 th s thnh =SUM(C14:D14). Tng t, khi chp ngang t C15 sang D15 th s hiu 12 v 14 khng i, m i gi tr ct t C sang D. Tham chiu tuyt i xc nh s tuyt i trong cch tham chiu, ngha l lun hng n cc v tr c nh (theo hng v/hoc theo ct) no ca bng tnh khi sao chp cng thc. V c xc nh bi hng v ct, nn s tuyt i y c th ch tc ng n hng, n ct hoc c hai. Excel dng k t $ t trc tn hng hoc tn ct ch s tuyt i. V d, E1 cha cng thc = $A$1 + $B1 + C$1 + D1, bao gm tuyt i A1, tuyt i theo hng B1, theo ct C1 v tng i D1. Khi nu sao chp cng thc ny n H5 th s t ng i li l: = $A$1 + $B5 + F$1 + G5. F Tn ca mt khong cc c xem l mt tham chiu tuyt i. F Trong thc hnh, sau khi nhp tham chiu ta dng phm F4 chuyn i gia cc loi tham chiu d. t tn cho mt khong Mt khong cc c th c gn bi mt tn d s dng. V d, thay cho vic vit cng thc: = SUM(E7:E9) vi E7 n E9 cha d liu v doanh s bn ca 3 thng 7, 8 v 9 ta c th vit: = SUM(Quy3), trong Quy3 i din cho cc khong cc E7:E9. thc hin iu ny ta tin hnh nh sau: 1. Chn cc E7 n E9 (drag ngang qua cc E7, E8 v E9) 2. Click mouse vo hp tn (Name Box) v nhp vo tn: Quy310Hong V Lun

3. Nhn Enter xc nhn vic t tn cho cc ang chn. F Hoc c th s dng menu [INSERT]\Name\Define nh sau:

- Lu n dng cui, tham chiu n khong E7:E9 c Excel t ng chuyn thnh tham chiu tuyt i. Nu mun xa mt tn nh ngha ta chn tn cn xa v dng nt [Delete]. Sau khi gn tn cho mt khong , ta c th kim tra li tn bng cch chn li khong , nu thy xut hin tn trong hp tn th gn ng, ngc li cn xa tn gn sai v tin hnh gn li. Hp tn cn cho php ta chn hoc chuyn nhanh n mt khong : Ch cn nhp tn, hoc tham chiu vo hp tn th Excel s t ng chn v chuyn v tr mn hnh n vng c chn. - Hng dn t tn:

(b1. Chn cc cn t tn b2. Click vo hp tn v nhp tn b3. Nhn Enter) Kim tra li tn t: click vo nt [ ] ta nhn thy tn t trong hp ri xung.

- Xa tn gn sai: dng menu [Insert]\Name\Define... Trong hp [Define Name], ta chn tn cn xa v chn nt [Delete].


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BI 2 LM VIC VI BNG TNH2.1.Cc thao cc c bn1. Chn cc , hng, ct - Chn 1 : click vo mun chn - Chn nhiu lin tc: chn u tin (gc trn tri) ca khong cn chn, sau drag (ko l) mouse (hoc shift-click) n v tr cui (gc di phi) . - chn thm cc ri rc nhn gi phm Ctrl trong khi click vo cc . F Ngoi ra, cn c th chn nhanh bng cch nhp khong cn chn vo hp tn. - Vic chn hng hoc ct tng t nh chn . Thay cho click vo , ta click vo nhn ct hoc s hiu hng chn 1 ct hoc 1 hng. Chn nhiu lin tc bng k thut drag hoc shift-click. Chn ri rc bng Ctrl-click.

(Drag u dng, u ct chn mt hoc nhiu dng v chn mt hoc nhiu ct) 2. Cc cch thc hin lnh - Dng menu hoc shortcut menu (dng Right-click)

- Dng biu tng lnh trong thanh cng c

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- Dng phm tt

3. Chn, xa cc , hng, ct 1- Chn cc , hng, ct cn tc ng 2- Click mouse phi (Right-click) lm xut hin shortcut menu 3- Chn lnh thch hp t shortcut menu: Insert chn thm Delete xa Clear contents xa ni dung cc (hoc nhn phm Del) F C th dng menu thay cho vic nhn R-click. Menu [Edit]\Del hoc [Edit]\Clear xa. Menu [Insert]\Cells, Rows hoc Columns chn thm. F S i tng chn thm vo hoc xa i bng vi s i tng chn (v d, nu ang chn 3 hng th lnh Insert s chn 3 hng) 4. Nhp v sa cha ni dung ca Nhp: Chn , sau nhp ni dung. Lu n cch thc Excel chnh l ty thuc vo dng d liu s nhp. Nu l chui chnh tri; ngy, gi hoc s chnh phi. nhp chui cc s nh 2356 ta thm du nhy n () pha trc chui s ny: 2356. Kt thc vic nhp ni dung bng pha Enter. Nu khng mun thay i ni dung c trc th nhn Esc. Sa: Nhn Double-click (D-click) hoc F2 vo mt ang chn sa cha ni dung, nu ch click vo th d liu nhp vo s thay d liu c trc . Trong ch sa cha c th dng cc phm , , Home, End di chuyn. Dng du bng (=) bt u nhp cng thc. Nu trong cng thc cn tham chiu th hoc l t nhp tn cc cn tham chiu, hoc l dng mouse chn. V d: ti D7 cn nhp cng thc tnh: = B7 + C7, u tin nhp du =, sau dng mouse click vo B7, nhp du + v click vo C7 v nhn Enter hon tt. Tin hnh tng t i vi khong lin tc cc (dng drag thay cho click).

nhn enter ta c To dng (Format Cells): Excel cung cp nhiu kh nng trong vic thay i dng thc ca mt . V d: i vi 1 con s c th c biu din bng nhiu dng: n c th l s, l ngy, gi, biu din phn trm, tin t vi k hiu $, ...


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to dng mt hoc nhiu , u tin ta chn chng, sau dng menu [Format]Cells hoc nhn phm phi v chn Format Cells

Trong hp thoi c cha nhiu mc phc v cho vic to dng. Chng bao gm: - Mc [Number] dng to dng s, gm: Number to dng cc con s, Currency dng tin t; Date, Time dng ngy gi; Percentage dng phn trm; Fraction dng phn s; Text dng vn bn... Custom l dng c bit, n cho php ngi s dng t iu chnh vic to dng. Mt s m to dng hay dng l: * M to dng s: (v d s cn to dng: 3149.457) M Kt qu ngha 0 3149 Lm trn n hng n v (khng c s l) 0.00 3149.46 Ly 2 ch s l #,##0 3,149 C k t phn cch nhm 3 s v lm trn 0.00% 314945.70% Theo dng % c hai s l 0.00 3149.46 Thm chui vo kt qu (trong cp ) * M to dng ngy (v d: ngy 15 thng 7 nm 1999) M Kt qu ngha dd/mm/yy 15/07/99 ngy/thng/nm, mi v tr c 2 s mm/dd/yy 07/15/99 thng/ngy/nm, mi v tr c 2 s mm/dd/yyyy 07/15/1999 nm c 4 ch s dd-mmm-yy 15-Jul-99 tn thng c 3 k t vit tt - Mc [Alignment] dng chnh sp d liu theo 2 hng: ngang (Horizontal), ng (Vertical); v iu khin vic cho php vn bn xung dng (Wrap text) hay

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tri lp sang cc bn cnh. Ngoi ra cn cho php quay vn bn theo cc gc quay khc nhau. - Mc [Font] dng to dng v font ch. - Mc [Border] dng cho vic thit lp ng vin ca cc vi rt nhiu la chn:

5. To dy t ng Mt dy s liu lin tc (v d: a1, a2,...) c th c to ra mt cch t ng bng cch nhp s liu u (a1), sau chn n s lm xut hin mt nt vung nh gc di phi, di chuyn mouse n v tr ny (mouse c hnh du cng) ko l nt vung n cui ca dy s liu s to ra mt dy lin tc. Nu dy l dy s (v d: 1, 2, ...) th phi nhn thm phm Ctrl to dy lin tc. Nu u tin l cng thc th vic ko nt iu khin s sao chp cng thc n cc , khi cc tham chiu s c iu chnh t ng.

Drag

2.2.S dng menu FILEMenu File cha cc lnh tc ng ln tng th workbook, bao gm: + New Bt u to mi mt workbook. + Open M mt workbook ghi trc . + Close ng ca s workbook ang lm vic.


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+ Save + Save as + Print preview + Print + Exit

Ghi workbook ang lm vic ra file. Ton b Sheet c trong workbook s cng c lu tr trong mt file c phn m rng l XLS. Ghi ra di mt tn mi. Nu l ln u tin ghi file th chc nng ny s t ng c chn thay cho Save. Xem tng th workbook trc khi in chnh thc. In ton b workbook, hoc ch in Sheet ang lm vic hin thi. Kt thc phin lm vic vi Excel.

2.3.S dng hm (function) trong cng thcHm c th c nhp trc tip trong cng thc hoc s dng cng c chn hm ca Excel. chn hm vo cng thc, dng menu [Insert]Function hoc click vo biu tng Function Wizard [fx].Ch :Cc hm thng dng Lit k tt c cc hm Cc hm ti chnh Ngy v gi Ton v lng gic Thng k Tm kim v tham chiu Hm c s d liu Hm vn bn Hm lgic Hm thng tin

Trong hp thoi Function Wizard c hai bng, bn tri l ch cc hm, bn phi l hm s chn. Cc hm c t chc theo ch d s dng. Sau khi chn c hm thch hp, s thc hin tip cc bc cn li nhp ni dung cho cc i s ca hm. V d, i vi hm SUM cn ch ra khong cc s ly tng...

Trong qu trnh nhp ni dung, tham chiu n cc ta c th dng mouse ch nh cc cn tham chiu m khng cn phi nhp trc tip. Cng c th s dng vic t tn n gin ha vic qun l cc . Sau khi hon tt nhn [Finish] hoc [OK] kt thc. Lu : nu tin trnh nhp cng thc mt cha xong th khng th kt thc Excel, khi s c thng bo li v vic cha hon tt cng thc (hoc trong cng thc c li)16Hong V Lun

- V tip l thng bo khng th kt thc Excel:

gii quyt li ny, ta nhn OK quay v cha cng thc ang nhp v nhn ESC hy cng thc, sau s c th kt thc Excel bnh thng.


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BI 3 CC HM THNG DNG TRONG EXCEL3.1.Cc hm tnh ton v thng k (Statistical)1. Hm Sum * C php: SUM(danh sch i s) Hm Sum tnh tng cc s c mt trong danh sch i s ca n. * Trong : danh sch i s c th l hng (s hoc chui s), khong cc cha s hoc mt hm tr v gi tr kiu s. * V d: Sum(2, 4, True) = 7, v 4 c chuyn thnh s 4; True=1 (False=0) Nu C2 cha 7; C3 l 4; C4 l 10 th Sum(C2:C4) = 21 2. Hm Max * C php: MAX(danh sch i s) Hm Max tr li gi tr s ln nht trong danh sch i s. * V d: Max(2, 5, 7) = 7 Nu C2 cha 7; C3 l 4; C4 l 10 th Max(C2:C4) = 10 3. Hm Min * C php: MIN(danh sch i s) Hm Min tr li gi tr s nh nht trong danh sch i s. 4. Hm Average * C php: AVERAGE(danh sch i s) Hm Average tr li gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc s trong danh sch i s. * V d: Average(2, 5, 7) = 4.66(6) Nu C2 cha 7; C3 l 4; C4 l 10 th Average(C2:C4) = (7+4+10)/3 = 7 5. Hm Round * C php: ROUND(s, s_ch_s) Hm Round tr li gi tr s (kiu s thc) c lm trn n chnh xc ty thuc vo s_ch _s. Nu: - s ch s > 0 lm trn phn l v d: Round(21.546, 2) = 21.55 - s ch s = 0 ly s nguyn gn nht v d: Round(21.546, 0) = 22 - s ch s < 0 lm trn phn nguyn v d: Round(21.546, -1) = 20 6. Hm Int * C php: INT(s) Hm Int tr li phn nguyn ca s (lm trn s n s nguyn gn bng nht) So snh vi hm Round(n, 0) l hm lm trn trn, Int l hm lm trn di. * V d: Int(2.57) = 2; Int(7/4) = 1; Int(-3.49) = -4

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7. Hm Mod * C php: MOD(s, s chia) Hm Mod tnh phn d trong php chia nguyn ca s vi s chia * V d: Mod(13, 4) = 1 v 13 chia 4 c 3, d 1 Gi s ti C3 cha s ngy lm vic, khi cng thc = Int(C3/7) s cho s tun; v cng thc = Mod(C3, 7) cho li s ngy l. 8. Hm Count * C php: COUNT(danh sch i s) Danh sch i s c th l cc gi tr s, ngy, logic, chui... hoc mt danh sch tham chiu. Hm Count m cc gi tr kiu s (hoc gi tr c th chuyn t ng thnh kiu s, nh: kiu ngy, chui s, lgic...) c mt trong danh sch i s. Hm ny c th kt hp vi hm Sum thay cho Average khi cn m bo tnh chnh xc ca php ly trung bnh mt khong gi tr m khng chc cc gi tr ny l s. * V d: Count(13, 432, abc) = 2 v chui 432 c chuyn thnh gi tr s Count(12/8/98, TRUE) = 2 cc kiu ngy, lgic c chuyn thnh s 9. Hm CountA * C php: COUNTA(danh sch i s) Hm CountA m s cc gi tr c mt trong danh sch i s v ch b qua khng m cc rng trong khong tham chiu. * V d: Xt 4 A1:D1 nh sau: A B C D 1 xy 25 True Khi : CountA(A1:D1) = 3 v B1 rng 10. Hm Rank * C php: RANK(s cn xp hng, danh sch s, phng php sp) Hm Rank tr li th hng ca s cn xp hng theo cc gi tr ca danh sch s. Nu phng php sp bng 0 (hoc b qua) th danh sch s c sp theo th t gim dn, ngc li l th t tng dn trc khi so snh gi tr. V d nu cn sp th hng hc lc th phng php sp s l 0, nu cn sp th hng thnh tch vn ng vin theo thi gian th phng php sp s khc 0 (bng 1 chng hn). i vi cc gi tr bng nhau trong danh sch s th th hng tng ng ca chng s bng nhau. * V d: Gi s cc t A1 n A5 cha gi tr tng ng l 5, 6, 9, 4, 8 Khi : Rank(A1, A1:A5, 1) = 2 (th t tng: 4, 5, 6, 8, 9) nhng: Rank(A1, A1:A5, 0) = 4 (th t gim: 9, 8, 6, 5, 4) V d tng hp v cc hm tnh ton, thng k:1 2 3 4 5 A 5 3 2 6 a B 7 9 4 9 C 6 8 7 5 x D =SUM(A1:C1) =SUM(A2:C2) =SUM(A3:C3) =SUM(A4:C4) =COUNT(A4:C5) E F =MAX(A1:C1) =MIN(A1:C1) 2 2.57 =MOD(B2,E2) =INT(F2) =RANK(A1,A1:A4,0) =COUNTA(A4:C5) G =AVERAGE(A1:C1) 21.546 =ROUND(G2,2) =ROUND(G2,0) =ROUND(G2,-1)

T cc cng thc v s liu cho trn, ta c cc kt qu sau:TIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL - BI 4

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3.2.Cc hm lgicCc hm logic thng s dng, hoc to ra - cc biu thc logic. Biu thc logic l mt biu thc c lng gi bi hai gi tr: ng (True = 1) v sai (False = 0). Trong cc ton hng c th l hng, tham chiu , kt qu ca mt hm... nhng chng c lin kt vi nhau bi cc ton t so snh (, =, =, ) v c th l i s ca cc hm logic (And, Or, Not...) V d: Cc biu thc sau cho gi tr True: 5 > 4; A < C (so snh chui) Cc biu thc sau cho gi tr False: (3+5) 8; (2*10) = ((5-2)*9) 1. Hm And * C php: AND(danh sch biu thc logic) Hm And tr li gi tr True nu tt c cc biu thc logic trong danh sch l True; ngc li nu c t nht mt biu thc logic trong danh sch nhn gi tr False th hm tr li gi tr False. * V d: And(3>2, Toi >= Ta, C3=0) s l True nu C3 cha gi tr 0 v khi 3 biu thc trong danh sch u nhn gi tr True; ngc li s c gi tr False. 2. Hm Or * C php: OR(danh sch biu thc logic) Hm OR tr li gi tr False nu tt c cc biu thc logic trong danh sch l False; ngc li nu c t nht mt biu thc logic trong danh sch nhn gi tr True th hm tr li gi tr True. * V d: OR(3 450, khi s dng vng iu kin l B25:C26. tnh vi iu kin mt hng l GAO hoc BOT, ta dng vng B25:B27. tnh s lng trung bnh ca mt hng GAO, ta dng cng thc: = DAVERAGE(BANG10, SLUONG, CRT10) v = DMAX(BANG10, TONG, CRT10) tnh tng ln nht theo GAO. 5. V d v thit lp vng iu kin - iu kin ngy trong mt thng no : NGAY NGAY >=01/05/99 = mt gi tr v 25 th t ngy 26 tr i mi ngy c tnh thnh 2 ngy, v d: nu ngy cng l 27 th s d ra l 2 ngy c tnh thnh 4 ngy, do tng ngy s l 25+4) Cu 3 Tm ng = 1/3 Lng (nhng ti a ch cho tm ng 150000) Cu 4 Thc nhn = Lng - Tm ng Cu 5 Tnh tng cng cc ct Lng, Tm ng, Thc nhnTIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL - BI 4

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Cu 6 Cho bit gi tr cao nht, thp nht, trung bnh ca Thc nhn Cu 7 Lm trn ct Tm ng n ngn ng Cu 8 nh dng cc ct tin theo dng tin () ng Vit Nam Cu 9 Trang tr, lu bng tnh vi tn l BTAP2.XLS Hng dn thc hnh: 1. Lu cc vng t xm l kt qu sau khi tnh ton, dng kim tra. 2. [Lng] = 6000 * [Lng CB] * IF([Ngy cng]150000, 150000, [Lng]/3) Nu mt phn ba s lng khng vt qu 150000 th cho tm ng ng bn mt phn ba lng, ngc li ch cho tm ng 150000. 5. S dng hm SUM, nhp cng thc = SUM( v dng mouse chn vng cn tnh tng. Sau ko sang cc bn cnh to cng thc t ng cho cc tng k tip. 6. Dng cc hm MAX, MIN v AVERAGE 7. Sa cng thc trong ct Tm ng thnh = ROUND([IF(....)], -3). Lu gi tr -3 dng lm trn n hng ngn (3 s 0). Sau khi sa xong, ko xung pha di thay th. 8. Chn , dng menu [Format]\Cells v s dng nh dng: 0 (), hoc dng nh dng #.##0 () to thm du phn cch nhm 3 s. 9. To khung vin, t bng. Dng tiu nhp ct A, sau dng mouse chn mt vng ngang qua cc chnh tiu ra gia cc . Chn Sheet2 v hon tt bi tp tng t s 2b (khng c phn hng dn).

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BI S 2bSTT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TN Ton L Ha Sinh S a Vn Ting Vit Anh Vn Gio dc LOI SLNG GI1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 20 15 10 5 10 25 15 10 20 15 3000 2500 4000 2000 3500 2500 4500 3000 5000 4000 GI2 3200 2800 4500 2300 3800 2600 4700 3300 5200 4300 SUM MIN MAX AVERAGE THTIN THU 60000 37500 45000 10000 35000 65000 67500 30000 104000 60000 514000 10000 104000 51400 6000 3750 4500 1000 3500 6500 6750 3000 10400 6000 51400 1000 10400 5140 TCNG 66000 41250 49500 11000 38500 71500 74250 33000 114400 66000 565400 11000 114400 56540

Cu 1 Tnh thnh tin bng s lng nhn n gi ty thuc vo loi (nu loi 1 th n gi 1, ngc li nu l loi 2 th tnh theo n gi 2) Cu 2 Tnh Thu bng 10% ca Thnh tin Cu 3 Tnh tng cng bng tng ca thnh tin vi thu Cu 4 Tnh tng, gi tr ln nht, nh nht, trung bnh ca cc ct THTIN, THU v TCNG.

BI S 3S dng hm IF, rn luyn vic lp cc mnh logic lm iu kin; kh nng lng nhau ca cc hm IF. Dng hm RANK sp th t (cch dng tham chiu tuyt i). BNG IMSAP 1 10 5 7 3 4 8 2 6 8 HOTEN THONG SI SANG DAN TRI KHA TAM GIOI DAT YEU KHOI A D C D C A A D C C TOAN 9 3 7 2 6 7 5 9 5 1 VAN 10 2 6 9 8 7 6 8 6 8 NNGU 8 5 7 6 8 8 4 8 8 3 TONG 36 15 26 23 30 29 20 33 25 20 KQUA DAU ROT DAU ROT DAU DAU DAU DAU DAU ROT XLOAI GIOI X KHA X KHA KHA TBINH GIOI TBINH X

Cu 1 Nhp d liu Cu 2 Ct tng c tnh cn c vo KHOI: nu KHOI A th im TOAN nhn 2; KHOI D im NNGU nhn 2; KHOI C im VAN nhn 2. Cu 3 Ct KQUA c tnh nh sau: l U i vi TONG ln hn hoc bng 20, nhngTIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL - BI 4

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khng c im mn no di 3; ngc li KQUA s l RT Cu 4 Ct XLOAI c tnh nu KQUA l U v cn c vo TONG: - Loi GIOI nu TONG >= 32 - Loi KHA nu TONG t 26 n di 32 - Loi TRBINH i vi trng hp cn li + Nu KQUA l RT th nh du X vo v tr XLOAI Cu 5 Ct SAP xp th t theo ct TONG vi im cao nht l 1. Cu 6 Trang tr v lu bng tnh vi tn BTAP3.XLS Hng dn thc hnh: 2. S dng hm IF, ta c cng thc sau: IF([KHOI]="A",[TOAN]*2+[VAN]+[NNGU],IF([KHOI]=D,[TOAN]+[VAN]+ [NNGU]*2, [TOAN]+[VAN]*2+[NNGU])) Lu rng, ty thuc vo KHOI quyt nh s nhn h s 2 i vi mn thch hp. C 3 iu kin (A, B, C) nn c 2 hm IF lng nhau; nu c n iu kin th s c n-1 hm IF lng nhau. Cc bi tp sau s s dng cc hm tm kim HLOOKUP v VLOOKUP thay cho vic dng nhiu hm IF lng nhau. 3. iu kin u l: Tng im >= 20, v im ca tng mn > 2. Ta s dng IF vi hm AND to biu thc iu kin: IF(AND([TONG]>=20, [TOAN]>2, [VAN]>2, [NNGU]>2), "U", "RT") 4. V KQUA phi U, nn u tin cn kim tra KQUA, sau mi xt im xp loi: IF([KQUA]="U", IF([TONG]>=32, "GIOI", IF([TONG]>=26, "KHA","TRBINH")),"X") Trong cng thc trn lu cch tnh cn ca cc gi tr. 5. Dng hm RANK sp th t. Theo yu cu sp theo th t gim (im cao nht c th hng 1) nn phng thc sp bng 0, ta c: [SAP] = RANK([TONG], danh_sch_im, 0) Trong danh_sch_im l ct (gm 10 ) cha tng im (trong bi l t c im 36 n cui c im 20; sau khi dng mouse chn cc xong, nhn F4 to tham chiu tuyt i, nu khng th khi sao chp cng thc xung di s gy ra li). Trong cu ny, ngoi vic s dng hm RANK ta cn lu n cch dng ca tham chiu tuyt i m hm RANK l mt trong s nhng hm thng dng kiu tham chiu ny.

BI S 4aCc hm INT, MOD x l s nguyn; cc php ton trn d liu kiu ngy (hiu ca 2 ngy), nh dng kiu ngy. Vn dng hm tm kim HLOOKUP tm mt gi tr tham gia vo qu trnh tnh ton. KHCH SN BCH LINMS LPH a1 a2 a3 A C C NDEN 06/12/95 06/12/95 06/12/95 NDI 06/15/95 06/15/95 06/21/95 STU SNG 0 0 1 3 3 2 TTUAN 0 0 500,000 TNGAY 330,000 225,000 150,000 THTIEN 330,000 225,000 650,000

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Hong V Lun

a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10

B B C A A C B

06/12/95 06/12/95 06/17/95 07/01/95 07/02/95 07/25/95 07/26/95

06/25/95 06/28/95 06/29/95 07/03/95 07/09/95 08/10/95 08/12/95

1 2 1 0 1 2 2

6 2 5 2 0 2 3

600,000 1,200,000 500,000 0 700,000 1,000,000 1,200,000

540,000 180,000 375,000 220,000 0 150,000 270,000

1,140,000 1,380,000 875,000 220,000 700,000 1,150,000 1,470,000 8,140,000 C 500000 75000

Tng cng: Loi phng n gi tin tun n gi tin ngy

5,700,000 2,440,000 A 700000 110000 B 600000 90000

Lu : Trong bng d liu trn, STU, SNG l s tun v s ngy lu tr ca khch. TTUAN, TNGAY l tin tr theo tun v theo ngy (v khch sn gim gi i vi khch thu phng ng k theo tun). Cu 1 T gi tr ngy n v ngy i hy tnh s tun (STU) v s ngy (SNG) lu tr (v d: 12 ngy th tnh l 1 tun v 5 ngy). Cu 2 Da vo bng gi tin theo tng loi A, B, C cho trn, hy tnh s tin theo tun v theo ngy ca cc khch tr Cu 3 Tnh TTIEN bng tng ca tin tun v tin ngy; tnh tng cng cho cc ct TTUAN, TNGAY v TTIEN Cu 4 nh dng cho cc ct ngy i v ngy n theo dng nm c 4 ch s (v d 1995) v nh dng cho cc ct tin c dng #,## . Cu 5 Trang tr v lu vi tn BTAP4.XLS Hng dn thc hnh: 1. Mt tun gm 7 ngy; do s tun bng phn nguyn ca s ngy lu tr chia cho 7. S ngy sau khi tnh tun s l phn d ca php chia 7. Ta c cng thc tnh nh sau: [STU] = INT(([NDI]-[NDEN])/7) [SNG] = MOD([NDI]-[NDEN], 7) 2. bit n gi (theo loi phng) ta d tm trong bng gi, v v bng gi b tr s liu theo chiu ngang nn ta dng hm HLOOKUP. Khi n gi tin tun hng th 2 v n gi tin ngy hng th 3 ca bng tm. Ta c: [TTUAN] = [STU] * HLOOKUP([LPH], bng_tm, 2, 0) [TNGAY] = [SNG] * HLOOKUP([LPH], bng_tm, 3, 0) - Trong , bng_tm l khong gm 9 (c khung t m) t c gi tr A n c cha 75000. Dng mouse chn 9 ny, sau nhn F4 to tham chiu tuyt i. - C th t tn cho vng 9 ca bng n gi (v d Table4) khi trong cng thc ta ch cn nhp tn Table4 v tr ca bng_tm. Sau khi ghi xong, copy ni dung Sheet1 sang Sheet2 v sa li d liu bng tm thnh bng dc v dng VLOOKUP lm li cu 2. ( copy sheet, c th chn tn Sheet dng cha tn cc Sheet v nhn Ctrl+Drag ko sang bn cnh copy).TIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL - BI 4

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BI S 4bS dng hm tm kim VLOOKUPMSO A B C A C B C B A TEN DOS WORD EXCEL DOS EXCEL WORD EXCEL WORD DOS SLUONG 40 20 35 25 35 15 40 25 45 M s A B C TTIEN 4800000 2800000 4550000 3000000 4550000 2100000 5200000 3500000 5400000 Tn DOS WORD EXCEL X n gi 120000 140000 130000 X X X GCHU X

Cu 1 Chn Sheet3 ca BTAP4 nhp d liu. Cu 2 Cn c vo bng cha tn v n gi ca m s in thng tin vo ct TEN Cu 3 Tnh TTIEN bng s lng nhn n gi ty thuc vo loi, v to dng vi n v tin l $ (dng #,##0 $) Cu 4 Ct GCHU nh du X nu TTIEN ln hn 4000000, ngc li trng (Lu chui trng l chui c dng ) Cu 5 Trang tr v ghi li nhng thay i va to ra Sheet3.

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BI S 5aS dng cc hm chui (LEFT, RIGHT, MID...) trch ra cc k t dng trong cc hm tm kim.BO CO DOANH THUSTT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MAH XL0 DS1 NS3 DL0 XS2 XL1 DL3 NL2 NS0 XS3 TEN Xng Du Nht Du Xng Xng Du Nht Nht Xng TONG CONG SLG 50 35 60 35 70 50 40 30 70 65 TTIEN 225,000 105,000 600,000 122,500 280,000 225,000 140,000 330,000 700,000 260,000 2,987,500 VCHUYEN 0 630 12,600 0 2,800 1,125 2,520 4,620 0 3,900 28,195 TONG 225,000 105,630 612,600 122,500 282,800 226,125 142,520 334,620 700,000 263,900 3,015,695

Trong , k t u ca m hng (MAH) i din cho mt hng (TEN); k t th hai i din cho gi s (S) hay l (L); k t cui l khu vc. (0, 1, 2 v 3). Mi quan h c cho trong bng sau:M X D N Tn Xng Du Nht Gi s 4000 3000 10000 Gi l 4500 3500 11000 Khu vc 1 0.50% 0.60% 0.70% Khu vc 2 1.00% 1.20% 1.40% Khu vc 3 1.50% 1.80% 2.10%

Cu 1 Cn c vo k t u ca MAH v bng d liu trn in tn thch hp vo ct TEN. Cu 2 Tnh thnh tin (TTIEN) bng s lng (SLG) nhn n gi; trong n gi ty thuc vo gi s hay l. Cu 3 Tnh tin vn chuyn (VCHUYEN) vi iu kin: nu khu vc 0 th min tin vn chuyn, cc khu vc khc tnh theo gi tr % ca ct thnh tin tng ng vi tng khu vc cho trong bng. Cu 4 Tnh tng (TONG) bng thnh tin cng chuyn ch v tnh tng cng cc ct TTIEN, VCHUYEN, TONG. Sau nh dng cho cc ct biu din gi tin theo dng #,##0 . Cu 5 Trang tr v lu vi tn BTAP5.XLS Hng dn thc hnh: i vi cc bng d liu dng tm thng tin ta nn gn tn d thao tc v x l. Gi s ta t tn cho bng tm l Table5. 1. ly k t u ca MAH, ta dng hm LEFT. V bng tm b tr theo ct nn ta dng hm VLOOKUP, ct 2 cha gi tr tn loi hng. Ta c: VLOOKUP(LEFT([MAH]), TABLE5, 2, 0) 2. V c hai loi gi ty thuc vo k t th hai ca MAH, nn ta phi dng IF xc nh v tr ct cha gi thch hp, nu gi s th ct 3 cha n gi, ngc li s l ct 4. Dng hm MID ly cc k t gia chui. Ta c cng thc tnh nh sau:TIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL - BI 4

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[TTIEN] = [SLG] * VLOOKUP(LEFT([MAH), TABLE5, IF(MID([MAH),2,1) = "S", 3, 4), 0) 3. Dng hm IF kim tra iu kin khu vc l 0 hay 0; sau dng VLOOKUP tnh % tng ng vi tng khu vc v nhn vi TTIEN. Lu , nu KV=1 th ct tr li l 5, KV=2 th ct l 6, KV=3 th ct l 7 KV+4 = s hiu ct s tr li. Do ta c cng thc: IF(RIGHT[MAH]="0", 0, VLOOKUP(LEFT([MAH]), TABLE5, RIGHT([MAH])+4, 0) * [TTIEN]) Biu thc: RIGHT([MAH])+4 xc nh gi tr ca ct tr li tng ng vi tng khu vc. Nu khng nhn xt nh trn, ta phi dng 2 hm IF lng nhau xc nh v tr ca ct cn ly: If(kv=1, 5, if(kv=2, 6, 7)) Sau khi hon tt v ghi file, chn Sheet2 v thc hnh bi tng t 5b:

BI S 5bBO CO DOANH THUSAP MSO VATTU NGNHAP SLNHAP TGNHAP SLXUAT TGXUAT GHICHU A1 C2 B1 C1 A2 A1 C2 B1 B2 02/06/99 04/06/99 05/06/99 08/06/99 15/06/99 17/06/99 25/06/99 27/06/99 30/06/99 15 20 30 10 25 30 35 20 25 15 15 25 10 20 25 30 20 20

Trong , MSO gm 2 k t, k t u ch tn vt t (A, B, C) k t cui ch loi (1, 2). Bng di y cho bit n gi nhp, xut ca tng vt t ng vi cc loi 1 v 2:MSO A B C VATTU XANG DAU NHOT GNHAP1 3000 2000 10000 GNHAP2 3500 2500 10500 GXUAT1 4000 3000 11000 GXUAT2 4500 3500 15000

Cu 1 Cn c vo MSO in tn vt t vo ct VATTU Cu 2 Tnh tng tin nhp (TGNHAP) ca cc loi bng s lng nhn n gi nhp ty thuc vo loi. Tng t hy tnh tng tin xut (TGXUAT) Cu 3 ct ghi ch nh du X nu xut ht s lng nhp. Cu 4 Ct SAP ghi th t ca cc hng tng ng theo TGXUAT vi gi tr cao l 1 (sp theo chiu gim).

BI S 6To biu bng Chart Wizard. Tham chiu tuyt i. PHIU THEO DI TIN GI TIT KIMLai suat 1.10%

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Hong V Lun

So tien Thang 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tng s tin c c sau 12 thng Dau thang 20000000 20720000 Lai 220000 Cuoi thang 20220000

Them bot cuoi thang 500000 2000000 -300000 -500000 200000 1000000 600000 -200000 -500000 1000000

Cong tien cuoi thang 20720000

Cu 1 Tnh tin Li = S tin u thng * Li sut Cu 2 S tin cui thng = S tin u thng + Li Cu 3 Cng tin cui thng = Cui thng + Thm bt cui thng Cu 4 S tin u thng sau = Cng tin cui thng ca thng trc Cu 5 Tnh s tin s c c sau 12 thng Cu 6 Lp biu minh ha s tin c c ca u cc thng Cu 7 Trang tr v lu vi tn BTAP6.XLS Hng dn thc hnh: 1. Lu rng, sao chp cng thc ng th tham chiu n Lai suat cn phi t l tham chiu tuyt i. Sau khi tnh xong cc u tin, sao chp cng thc xung pha di v lu ch khi sao chp cui ca bng th s liu mi c in vo y . 5. Trong bi ch c d liu ca 10 thng. tnh n 12 thng, ta xem phn thm bt cui thng bng 0, v tnh theo cng thc: Gi s tng sau 10 thng l x. Khi ta c Tng sau 12 thng = (x + x*Lai suat) + (x + x*Lai suat)*Lai suat Vi Lai suat y l cha gi tr 1,1%. 6. V biu Bc 1 Chn vng d liu: bao gm ct Thng v ct Dau thang Bc 2 Chn biu tng ChartWizard, con tr c dng du + (V mt vng trn bng tnh t biu ) Bc 3 Cung cp thng tin cn thit sau chn [Finish] kt thc. Tin hnh theo cc bc hng dn trong phn l thuyt Biu c dng:


61

30000000 25000000 20000000 15000000 10000000 5000000 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Sau khi to c biu , chn tng phn t trong biu chnh sa v xem kt qu hiu thm v cc thnh phn trong mt biu .

BI S 7aTo bng d liu, s dng cc hm c s d liu (DSUM, DAVERAGE...), t chc cc vng iu kin. NH MY NC HUSTT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 KHHANG VAN HOANG VO TRAN LE BUI VU NGUYEN BUI LE KVUC A B C B C A A C B B Khu vc A B C METK 45 65 23 14 78 93 90 24 56 78 Ph thu 0 100 150 TTIEN 58500 91000 34500 19600 117000 120900 117000 36000 78400 109200 n gi 1300 1400 1500 PTHU 0 6500 3450 1400 11700 0 0 3600 5600 7800 TTHU 58500 97500 37950 21000 128700 120900 117000 39600 84000 117000

[bng_tm]

Cu 1 Tnh Thnh tin = Mt khi * n gi (ty thuc khu vc) Cu 2 Tnh Tng thu = Thnh tin + Ph thu (theo khu vc) Cu 3 Tnh tng tiu th ln nht, nh nht v trung bnh ca s mt khi tiu th ca tng khu vc v ghi kt qu vo bng sau:Khu Vc Tng Ln nht B nht Trung bnh A 296400 120900 58500 98800 B 319500 117000 21000 79875 C 206250 128700 37950 68750

Cu 4 V th minh ha cho bng cu 3 Cu 5 Trang tr v lu file vi tn BTAP7.XLS Hng dn thc hnh: 1. Dng Vlookup tnh n gi ca tng khu vc sau nhn vi s mt khi, ta c: (ct 3 ca bng tm cha n gi) [TTIEN]=[METK] * VLOOKUP([KVUC], [Bang_Tm], 3, 0)62Hong V Lun

2. Tng t trn, vi ct 2 ca bng tm cha ph thu ta c: [TTHU]=[TTIEN] + VLOOKUP([KVUC], [Bang_Tm], 2, 0) 3. Dng cc hm c s d liu DSUM, DMIN, DMAX, DAVERAGE vi cc iu kin v khu vc c t chc nh sau:KVUC A KVUC B KVUC C

Lu rng, cc nhn tham gia trong iu kin phi chnh xc nh nhn ct trong bng d liu, thng ta dng chc nng copy sao chp cc nhn ct trnh sai st. Gi s bng d liu c gn tn l DATA7a, ta c cng thc tnh tng tiu th ca khu vc A l: DSUM(DATA7a, TTHU, [kA]), vi [kA] l hai KVUC v A vng iu kin trn. Tng t i vi cng thc cc cn li. - Trong thc hnh, ta sao chp cc cng thc sang cc bn cnh, sau sa li cho chnh xc. 4. th:400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Tong Lon nhat Be nhat Trung binh A B C


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BI TP 7bVn dng cc hm c s d liu c kt hp cc hm chui. n tp cc hm tm kim (Thc hnh tip trong Sheet2 ca bi 7a)DANH SCH LNG THNG 06 NM 2005SO MASO HOTEN PHAI CHVU TOVH LGCB PHCAP NGCONG THUONG CGLUONG

AFD8 CFC1 CMT5 BMC7 CMT3 CFT3 CFC6 CFT4 CMD2 CMC9 MaxL=

Hng Thanh Sn Hong Tm Lan Mai Thy Hng Tnh ? MinL=

460 310 330 430 320 320 360 350 310 380 ?

23 24 23 25 24 22 26 23 20 23 AveL= ?

cho trn gm 4 k t MS1, MS2, MS3 v MS4, k t u l chc v, th hai l phi, th ba l trnh vn ha v k t cui l s nm cng tc, vi cc gi tr nh sau:MASO MS1 Chc v A B C TP PP NV MS2 F M Phi N Nam MS3 D C T Trnh vn ha i hc Cao ng Trung cp MS4 Nm cng tc

Cu 1 Cn c vo MASO chn thng tin vo cc ct PHAI, CHVU, TOVH Cu 2 Tnh PHCAP = PCCV+THNIEM, vi THNIEM = NAMCT * 6000 v PCCV c tnh nh sau:CHVU TP PP NV PCCV 40000 25000 10000

Cu 3 Tnh

Bit: Nu NGCONG>=25, THUONG = 120.000; nu 2320), 50000, 0))) 4. lc v ghi kt qu ta dng chc nng lc nng cao (Advanced Filter) vi cc vng iu kin v hc bng nh sau:HBONG 150000 HBONG 100000 HBONG 50000 HBONG 0

Lu , sau khi to vng iu kin Sheet3, ta t con tr mt trng trc khi s dng lnh lc. 5. Tng t, s dng lc nng cao vi cc iu kin lc nh sau:Tuoi >=16 Tuoi 20

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7. Trc ht chn tn trng cn sp (v d, chn trng HOTEN), sau mi s dng lnh [DATA]SORT. Sau mi ln sp, nn thay i mt s yu t hiu r v chc nng ny.

BI S 9Cc thao tc c bn trn danh sch d liu: SORT, FILTER, SUBTOTAL... BNG BN HNGMAH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 NBAN 12/12/97 12/12/97 14/12/97 11/01/98 20/01/98 25/01/98 01/02/98 11/02/98 05/02/98 12/03/98 TEN BAP BIA BOT GAO KEO BAP BIA BOT KEO GAO SLUONG 324 454 656 431 455 564 657 432 544 767 ??? TGIA THUE TONG

Tng tr gi cc mt hng bn trong thng 2/1998

Cu 1 Tnh tr gi (TGIA) bng s lng (SLUONG) nhn n gi (DGIA), vi n gi v thu c cho bng sau:Tn BAP BIA GAO KEO BOT n gi 3500 15000 3000 10000 5000 Thu 1% 1% 2% 2% 1%

Cu 2 Tnh thu (THUE) theo s liu trn v ch rng nu tr gi di 100000 ng th khng thu thu. Sau tnh tng cng (TONG) bng tr gi cng vi thu Cu 3 Trch ra danh sch cc mt hng BAP, GAO, BOT v lu vo Sheet2. Cu 4 Tnh tng cc ct TGIA, THUE v tng s ln bn theo tng loi mt hng v lu vo bng sau Sheet3:Tn BAP BIA GAO KEO BOT S ln bn Tng tr gi Tng thu

Cu 5 Dng kt qu cu 4 v th so snh tng tr gi ca tng loi mt hng Cu 6 Trch ra hai bng tnh bn hng ng vi 2 nm: 1997 v 1998 Cu 7 Tnh tng tr gi cc mt hng bn trong thng 2/1998 Cu 8 Sp th t (Sort) bng theo ct TEN vi chiu gim dn (Descending) Cu 9 Dng SubTotal tnh tng cc ct SLUONG, TGIA, TONG. Sau thay tng bng cc hm khc nh Min, Max, Average... Trang tr v lu vi tn BTAP9.XLSTIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL - BI 4

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Hng dn thc hnh: 2. V c iu kin nn khi tnh thu ta cn phi xt xem tr gi ln hn hay nh hn 100000, do c cng thc sau: IF([TGIA]=0, he_so) Hm SumIf lc ny c nhim v tnh tng cc h s tng ng vi cc mn hc c im ln hn hoc bng 0, do s khng tnh nhng mn min hc (c gi tr rng) Cu 2 S dng hm SumProduct vi cc gi tr b tr theo ctTn hng A12 C21 E23 D32 S lng 20 30 25 50 Gi_1 3000 1000 2000 4000 ? Gi_2 4000 3000 4000 5000 ?

Tng cng (s_lng gi) =

Gi s cn tnh tng cng ton b cc mt hng trn theo n gi loi 1 m khng phi tnh tng tng mt hng, ta s dng hm SumProduct nh sau: SumProduct(so_luong, don_gia_1) s cho kt qu: 340000. Tng t tnh tng theo n gi loi 2.

BI S 12S dng cng c Solver gii cc bi ton c bit.


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Trong Excel c b sung mt s cng c mnh gii cc bi ton nh: tm nghim ca h phng trnh, gii bi ton ti u... l Solver (trong menu Tools). Trong phn ny ch gii thiu mt s v d minh ha chc nng ny. Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh sau: 3x + 4y - 3z = 5 4x - 2y + 6z = 40 x + 4y + 8z = 78 Bc 1. Lp m hnh bi ton (theo mu di y)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A Bin Nghim (tm) H s phng trnh 1 phng trnh 2 phng trnh 3 Gi tr tm Mc tiu B x 1 a 3 4 1 4 5 C y 1 b 4 -2 4 8 40 D z 1 c -3 6 8 13 78

- Cc B2:D2 s cha nghim ca h, u tin ta cho tt c bng 1 (v gi l nghim tm) v s dng Solver yu cu tnh ra nghim tht s. - Cc B5:D7 cha h s ca cc phng trnh - Cc B10:D10 cha gi tr v phi ca cc phng trnh - Cc B9:D9 l cc gi tr trung gian tng ng vi cc nghim tm ca h; c tnh bng cch thay b nghim tm vo v tri ca cc phng trnh (tng cc tch), do y ta dng hm SumProduct tnh. Cng thc B9 s l: [B9] = SumProduct(B5:D5, $B$2:$D$2) = 4 (tng t vi cc [C9] v [D9]) Bc 2. Cung cp thng tin cho Solver Sau khi lp xong m hnh, chn [B9] lm mc tiu, v gi lnh [Tools]Solver, ta c:

- Trong hp [By Changing Cells] ta dng mouse chn vng lu kt qu (nghim) l B2:D2 (Excel s t ng thm kiu tham chiu tuyt i)72Hong V Lun

- Trong vng [Subjects to the Constraints] ta nhp cc rng buc dng lm mc tiu ca li gii. i vi vic gii h phng trnh, mc tiu cn t c l cc gi tr tm phi bng vi cc gi tr thc c (v phi ca cc phng trnh). trc ta dng B9 lm ch, vy cn li 2 gi tr phi t c. Ta chn Add v khai bo ng thc cn li lm mc tiu trong hp:

S dng nt Add thm cc rng buc, sau khi hon tt chn [OK] quay v hp Solver Parameters Bc 3. Thc hin lnh v kt thc Sau khi hon tt cc khai bo, ta chn nt [Solve] Excel t ng tnh v thng bo kt qu;

Nu ng vi li gii th chn nt Keep Solver Solution, nu khng th phc hi cc gi tr gc Restore Orginal Values v chn OK hon tt. Cui cng, ta c kt qu nh sau:A 1 2 3 8 9 10 Gi tr Mc tiu 5 5 40 40 78 78 Bin Nghim ... B x 2 ... C y 5 ... D z 7 ...

Lu rng gi tr cc B2:D2 v B9:D9 thay i. Tm li, s dng Solver i hi cc yu cu sau:- Phi cung cp y cc tham s trong hp thoi. c bit cn lu rng ch (Set Target Cell) cn phi cha cng thc c lin quan n vng nghim, nu khng Excel s bo li. - Ch ra vng m Excel s tc ng v lu kt qu, y thng bt u vi cc gi tr 1 l gi tr tm thi Excel c khi im tnh ton. - Cung cp y cc rng buc dng lm mc tiu tnh ton.

Bi tp tng t. Gii h phng trnh sau 3x + 4y - 3z - t = 26 4x - 2y + 6z - 7t = 10 {nghim l:TIN HC NG DNG - MICROSOFT EXCEL - BI 4

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x + 4y + 8z - 6t = 12 (x=8; y=3; z=2; t=4) } 2x - 9y + 5z + 3t = 11 Bi 2. Xt bi ton tm cc i li nhun nh sau: Mt nh my sn xut 3 sn phm (sph_a, sph_b v sph_c) vi tin li tng ng trn 1 n v sn phm l 75, 35 v 50. Cc sn phm ny i hi mt s linh kin (6 loi) vi tng quan gia chng c cho bi bng v trong bng cn cho bit s lng cc linh kin tn kho. Hy lp k hoch sn xut sao cho li nhun thu c l ln nht. Dng Solver, ta lp m hnh bi ton nh sau:A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Linh kin Lk_1 Lk_2 Lk_3 Lk_4 Lk_5 Lk_6 Mc tiu sn xut -> Tn kho 700 850 380 500 650 450 Yu cu 400 500 300 400 400 200 Tin li/sp Li nhun Tng li nhun 2 3 0 2 1 0 75 7500 16000 0 0 3 1 0 1 35 3500 2 2 0 1 3 1 50 5000 B C D SPh_a 100 E SPh_b 100 F SPh_c 100

Trong m hnh trn, c cc cha cng thc nh sau: - Cc t C4 n C9 cha hm SumProduct($D$2:$F$2,D4:F4)... - Tnh li nhun bng tin li mt sn phm nhn vi s sn phm - Tng li nhun bng tng cng cc li nhun ca cc sn phm. Trong hp thoi Solver Parameters ta khai bo nh sau: - Chn D12 lm ch v gi tr mc tiu l Max; cc lu kt qu l D2:F2 (vi cc gi tr khi u l 100) v cc rng buc nh sau:

Sau khi chn Solve, ta c nghim l 107, 105 v 181 vi Tng li nhun l 20750. Bi tp tng t. Hy thay i cc tham s v gii li bi ton trn. Hy tm mt bi ton tng t, (v d lp lch sn xut sao cho chi ph thp nht) sau lp m hnh v gii.

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