Giáo trình Địa chất và tài nguyên dầu khí Việt Nam

8/12/2019 Gio trnh a cht v ti nguyn du kh Vit Nam

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Chng

Viet Nam,mot so netchu yeu

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Chng 1. Viet Nam, mot so net chu yeu

Viet Nam nam pha ong cua ban ao

ong Dng, co bien gii giap vi Trung

Quoc pha Bac, vi Lao va Campuchia

pha Tay, co bien gii vung them luc a va

vung ac quyen kinh te tren bien vi Trung

Quoc, Campuchia, Thai Lan, Malaysia,

Indonesia va Philippin.

Viet Nam nam trong pham vi t 8030v o Bac en 23002 v o Bac, keo dai t

Lung Cu (huyen ong Van tnh Ha Giang)

en xom Mui (huyen Nam Can tnh Ca

Mau). at nc co chieu dai khoang 4 lan

chieu rong. Ni rong nhat chng 500 km

(Mong Cai, Quang Ninh - ien Bien); ni

hep nhat khoang 50 km (t bien gii Viet

Lao en ong Hi, Quang Bnh) (Hnh 1.1va 1.2). Dien tch tren at lien la 329.229

km2.

pha ngoai lanh tho at lien, Viet Nam

co them luc a, rat nhieu cac quan ao va

cac ao bao boc nh cac ao cua vnh Bac

Bo, cac quan ao Hoang Sa, Trng Sa

Bien ong cung nh cac ao Phu Quoc,

Tho Chu vnh Thai Lan.Khoang hai phan ba dien tch lanh tho

Viet Nam la oi nui. Mien nui hiem tr

nhat la Tay Bac t thng nguon song Ma

en thung lung song Hong. Phang Xi Pang

la nh cao nhat ong Dng (3.148m).

Mien nui oi Viet Bac nam hu ngan

song Chay chay ve en thung lung song

Hong, co cac nh Tay Con Lnh (2431m),

Kieu Lieu Ti (2402m). Mien nui oi ongBac trai rong t thung lung song Lo song

Gam en tan b bien Quang Ninh co hnh

dang cac canh cung loi ra pha bien (canh

cung song Gam, canh cung Ngan Sn, Yen

Lac, Bac Sn va canh cung ong Trieu).

Day Trng Sn chay t Nam cao

nguyen Xieng Khoang (Lao) cho en cc

Nam Trung Bo co cac nh Pu Lai Leng(2.711m) va Rao Co (2.335m) va cac nh

Ngoc Linh, Ngoc Niay, Ngoc Pan, Ngoc

Kring; mot khoi cao nguyen cc Nam

gom cac cao nguyen Lam Vien, Bao Loc,

Di Linh va Mnong.

ong bang chau tho song Hong la san

pham boi tu cua he thong song Hong song

Thai Bnh. Dien tch cua toan chau tho tnht ng bnh o 25m tr xuong la khoang

Viet Nam la mot quoc gia ong Nam A co lch s tren bon nghn nam xay dng va phat

trien, trai qua nhieu cuoc au tranh chong thien tai va giac ngoai xam. T thang 5 nam 1975

Viet Nam thong nhat t Bac ch Nam, va han gan vet thng chien tranh va phat trien at

nc, ng vao hang ngu cac nc ang phat trien tren the gii.

1. a ly Viet Nam




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a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

15.000 km2, hien nay van tiep tuc c boithem ra pha bien khu vc b bien Ninh

Bnh khoang 100 m/nam.

ong bang song Cu Long co dien tch

tren 40 nghn km2la san pham boi tu cua

song Mekong. PhnomPenh (Campuchia)

song Mekong tach ra thanh hai nhanh goi

la song Tien va song Hau; hai nhanh nay

khi ra en gan bien lai chia thanh 9 nhanho ra 9 ca (Cu Long - 9 con rong).

Cac ong bang ven bien mien Trung

c phan bo t Thanh Hoa en Phan Thiet;

la san pham boi tu cua cac con song chay

t sn ong Trng Sn xuong bien.

Viet Nam c bao boc bi Bien ong,

co hai vnh ln la Vnh Bac Bo va Vnh

Thai Lan. Dien tch cua Bien ong khoang3,5 trieu km2.

a hnh them luc a khac nhau phanBac, Trung va Nam cua bien ong. a

hnh ay bien t Mong Cai en Hai Phong

rat phc tap do co hang nghn ao ln, nho

thuoc hai vnh Bai T Long va Ha Long.

a hnh ay bien vnh Bac Bo hi nghieng

ve pha ong Nam, o sau trung tam vnh

khoang 70-80 m; ca Vnh 90-100 m,

ra them luc a khoang 200m. T NamHai Phong en Nghe An, a hnh them luc

a tng oi n gian, thoai dan t b ra

khi.

T nam Nghe Tnh en a Nang xuat

hien cac day e cat ngam chay song song

vi ng b, con pha ngoai khi cac

dang a hnh am dng xen ke phc tap

(Hnh 1.2).Them luc a mien Trung rat doc, ng

Hnh 1.1. Viet Nam trong ong Nam A




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ang sau 100 m chay rat gan b. T b en

o sau 40-80 m a hnh b chia cat manh.

T o sau 40-80 m en 150 m co be mat

go ghe, sau o sau en 800-1.000 m ra

them luc a.

Them luc a pha Nam co a hnh

tng oi phang, xen ke a hnh am co ay

rong.Quan ao Hoang Sa nam trong khoang

150en 170 v Bac tren cao nguyen ngam b

chia cat co dien tch ln hn 100.000 km2.

Quan ao bao gom hn mot tram ao noi,

a, bai nong, bai ngam vi hn 60 ni a

c at ten, c chia thanh 3 cum ln la

Li Liem, Vnh An va Macclesfield.

Quan ao Trng Sa nam trong khoang

50en 120v Bac tren cao nguyen ngam bchia cat co dien tch ln hn 300.000 km2.

Hnh 1.2. Ban o Viet Nam (Theo Atlat a ly Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Giao duc, 2004)




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Quan ao bao gom hang tram ao noi, a,

bai nong, bai ngam vi hn 130 ni a c

at ten, c chia thanh 8 cum ln la Song

T, Th T, Loai Ta, Nam Yet, Sinh Ton,

Bnh Nguyen, Trng Sa va Tham Hiem

(theo Bien ong, tap III, a chat-a vat

Hnh 1.3. Ban o kh hau Viet Nam (Theo Atlat a ly Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Giao duc, 2004)




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ly bien. 2003. NXB ai hoc Quoc gia Ha

Noi).

Viet Nam nam gon trong vong ai noi

ch tuyen chu anh hng cua kh hau nhiet

i gio mua nen quanh nam co nhiet o caova o am ln (Hnh 1.3).

Phan Bac cua lanh tho Viet Nam (tnh

en v tuyen 180Bac) chu anh hng cua

kh hau nhiet i gio mua co mua ong

lanh. Mac du ch co 3 thang nhiet o trung

bnh di 200C nhng cung co khong t ngay

ret en 50C. Mua he la mua ma keo dai t

thang 4 en thang 10, la mua co thang conhiet o cao nhat trong nam (trung bnh 31-

320C, cc ai vt 400C) va cung thng

co bao.

Phan Nam cua lanh tho Viet Nam ac

trng cho kh hau nhiet i gio mua ien

hnh. Nhiet o trung bnh hang nam ong

bang khoang 26-270C, s chenh lech nhau

gia thang nong nhat va lanh nhat chkhoang 3-40C. Hai mua ma va kho phan

biet ro ret hn mien Bac. Mua ma t

thang 4-5 en thang 10-11. Lng ma ri

chiem en 90% lng ma trong nam. Co

t bao.

Mien Trung va Nam Trung Bo co kh

hau chuyen tiep gia hai mien kh hau

noi tren. Vao mua ha trong khi ca nc co

lng ma rat ln th ca dai ven bien keo

dai t Nam eo Ngang en Phan Thiet lai

co thi tiet hanh kho nong nhat trong nam.

Nhng vao cac thang mua ma lai thng

co ma bao ln, lu lut.

Viet Nam co 2.360 song suoi co chieu

dai t 10 km tr len, nhng ch co 8% la cac

song ln, o la cac he thong song Hong,

song Cu Long, song Thai Bnh, song KyCung- Bang Giang, song Ma, song Ca,

song Thu Bon, song Ba (hay a Rang) va

song ong Nai.

Rng Viet Nam ch con lai khoang

66 nghn km2trong o co 7 nghn km2rng

bao ve. Trong so cac loai rng co rng banthng xanh (37 nghn km2so vi 136 nghn

km2 rng nguyen thuy), rng thng xanh

kho a hnh thap (10 nghn km2), rng

thng xanh nui (8 nghn km2), rng rung

la (3 nghn km2), rng kho ho Dau (2 nghn

km2), rng nui a voi (2 nghn km2), rng

la kim (gan 2 nghn km2), rng ngap man

(tren 1 nghn km2

)Viet Nam la mot at nc co 54 dan toc

vi 54 nen van hoa ac sac, trong o dan

toc Kinh (Viet) chiem 84% tong so dan.

Cac dan toc khac co so lng t 1 trieu en

vai nghn hay vai tram ngi. Ngon ng:

tieng Viet (chnh thc) va cac ngon ng

sac toc. Ton giao: Phat giao khoang 67%

dan so, Cong giao 8%, tn ngng ban a(Cao ai, Hoa Hao..) Tin lanh, Hoi giao.

Dan so Viet Nam a vt qua con so 82

trieu ngi (2004). Mc tang trng dan so

khoang 1,4-1,8%/nam. Thap tuoi dan so la

thap tuoi tre, ac trng cho cac nc ang

phat trien. Mat o dan c trung bnh trong

ca nc la 250 ngi tren 1 km2. Nhng

cung co cac tnh 2mat o dan thap hn 50

ngi tren 1 km2(Lai Chau, Kon Tum..) va

t 1.000-2.000 ngi tren 1 km2(Thai Bnh,

Thanh Hoa...) [theo 6].

Tai nguyen khoang san Viet Nam a

dang va phong phu. Tren ban o khoang

san Viet Nam a ang ky c hn 5.000

mo va iem quang vi khoang 60 chung

loai khoang san. Quang sat vi tong tr

lng tai nguyen d bao 1,2 ty tan; 22,82trieu tan oxyt crom; 22 trieu tan titan; 3,6




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ty tan than; 6 ty tan bauxit; 0,1 trieu tan

thiec-wonfram; 1,2 trieu tan ong; 0,152

trieu tan nikel; 2,92 trieu tan ch, hang tram

tan vang; 2,1 ty tan apatit, 17 trieu tan at

hiem; nhieu ty tan cac khoang san vat lieuxay dng, vat lieu gom, s thuy tinh; co

nhieu vung quang a quy... [theo 5]. Tiem

nang tai nguyen than anthracit va than m

la 10 ty tan vi tr lng anh ga la 2,1

ty tan; tiem nang than nau la 250 ty tan.

Rieng ve tai nguyen dau kh c trnh bay

trong chng 3 quyen sach nay.

Tiem nang nc di at cua Viet Namrat ln, tong tr lng ong t nhien toan

lanh tho cha ke phan hai ao la 1.513.445

m3/sec. Con tong tr lng khai thac nc

di at tren c s ket qua tm kiem tham

do 136 vung tren toan quoc vi tr lng

a c phe duyet cap A+B la 1.946.869

m3/ngay, cap C1la 2.780.637 m3/ngay, cap

C2la 17.505.395 m3

/ngay [theo 9].Tai lieu khao sat cua 87 song va oan

song tren lanh tho Viet Nam co tiem nang

ly thuyet cua thuy ien Viet Nam khoang

308 ty kwh/nam vi tong cong suat khoang

70 nghn MW. Tiem nang ky thuat cua thuy

ien Viet Nam c xac nh da tren so

lieu cua 363 v tr thuy ien va va ln

(cong suat tren 10 MW) tren 31 song va

oan song la 72 ty kwh/nam vi cong suat

17.566 MW [theo 4]

2. Chnh quyen

Viet Nam ten goi ay u la Cong hoa

Xa hoi Chu ngha Viet Nam. Chnh the

la Nha nc Xa hoi Chu ngha. Thu o la

Ha Noi. Co 64 tnh va thanh pho. Ve hanh

phap ng au Nha nc la Chu tch, ngau Chnh phu la Thu tng.

Ve lap phap co Quoc hoi la c quan co

quyen lc cao nhat.

Ve t phap co Vien Kiem sat Nhan dan

Toi cao va Toa an Nhan dan Toi cao.

3. S phat trien kinh te xa hoi

3.1. Cau truc ha tang

Tong chieu dai ng bo trong ca nc

khoang 106.048 km, trong o co 11.353

km ng quoc lo, 14.499 km ng cap

tnh, 24.624 km ng cap huyen, 3.211

km ng o th, 5.451 km ng chuyen

dung. Cac con ng nay phai i qua 5.802

cau va nhieu ben pha.

Tong chieu dai ng sat Viet Nam

la 3.259,5 km.

He thong ng song dai khoang 90-10

nghn km, ke ca cac kenh rach, he thong

nay phat trien manh ong bang song

Hong va song Cu Long.

Viet Nam co ng b bien hnh ch S

dai tren 3.200 km nam ngang tren cac tuyen

hang hai quoc te Tay Thai Bnh Dng nen

co tiem nang phat trien van tai ng bien

xay dng cac cang bien va cac can c dch

vu dau kh.

Hang khong Viet Nam ang m rong

khong gian bay. Ca nc co 3 san bay quoc

te va 12 san bay noi a.

Bu chnh vien thong Viet Nam ang

c phat trien vi toc o nhanh va s dung

cac cong nghe tien tien. Mang li ien

thoai di ong phu tren ca nc. D kien

trong thi gian ti Viet Nam se co ve tinh

vien thong rieng cua mnh.

Hien nay tong cong suat cua nganh ien

khoang 8.806 MW; thuy ien chiem khoang50% tong cong suat. Li ien quoc gia a




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a en 506/517 huyen trong ca nc. Nam

2003 san lng ien la hn 41 ty kwh, d

kien en nam 2005 la 53 ty kwh, 2010 la 93

ty kwh [theo 1, 2, 6].

3.2. Cac nganh kinh te-xa hoi chu yeu

Toc o tang trng Tong san pham

trong nc (GDP) bnh quan trong 5 nam

(2001-2005) la 7,5%. Ty trong nong lam

ng nghiep trong GDP (nam 2005 la 19%)

giam nhng van tang kha ve tr so tuyet

oi. Xuat khau gao khoang 4,0 trieu tan,

ng th hai the gii.

Cong nghiep va xay dng tang 14,5-15% chiem ty trong 42% trong GDP. Cac

nganh dch vu chiem ty trong 39% trong

GDP.

Nam 2004 ca nc co 2,2 trieu tre em

theo hoc mau giao, 17,5 trieu hoc sinh pho

thong, gan 1 trieu sinh vien theo hoc 187

trng ai hoc, cao ang. Cac c s y te

cua nha nc va t nhan phat trien manh.au t trc tiep nc ngoai (tnh ti 20-

12-2002, ch tnh cac d an con hieu lc) la

3.669 d an (trong o cong nghiep dau kh

29 d an). Tong von ang ky au t la 39

ty USD (trong o dau kh la 3,2 ty USD),

a thc hien 20,7 ty USD (trong o dau kh

3,5 ty USD).

Thu ngan sach Nha nc tang 11,3%,boi chi van c kiem che khong qua 5%

GDP. Trong 5 nam (2001-2005) a tao c

7 trieu viec lam, giam ty le that nghiep

(5,8% thanh th). Tong au t phat trien

bang 35,6% GDP la mot ty le cao so vi

cac nc trong khu vc [theo 3, 7].

4. Chien lc phat trien kinh te-xa hoi

giai oan 2001-2010

ai hoi IX ang Cong san Viet Nam

(4-2001) a quyet nh Chien lc phat

trien kinh te-xa hoi giai oan 2001-2010nh sau:

a nc ta ra khoi tnh trang kem

phat trien; nang cao ro ret i song vat

chat, van hoa, tinh than cua nhan dan; tao

nen tang e en nam 2020 nc ta c ban

tr thanh mot nc cong nghiep theo hng

hien ai hoa. Nguon lc con ngi, nang

lc khoa hoc va cong nghe, ket cau ha tang;tiem lc kinh te, quoc phong, an ninh c

tang cng; the che kinh te th trng nh

hng xa hoi chu ngha c hnh thanh ve

c ban; v the cua nc ta tren trng quoc

te c nang cao.

Muc tieu cu the cua Chien lc la:

a GDP nam 2010 len t nhat gap oi

nam 2000.. Tch luy noi bo nen kinh te at tren 30%

GDP. Nhp o tang xuat khau gap tren2 lan nhp o tang GDP.

Ty trong trong GDP cua nong nghiep16-17%, cong nghiep 40-41%, dch vu42-43%. Gia tang gia tr nong nghiep(ke ca thuy san, lam nghiep) bnh quanhang nam 4-4,5%, cong nghiep khoang

10-10,5%. Bao am cung cap u va antoan nang lng (ien, dau kh, than)Phat trien manh ket cau ha tang va dchvu.

Nang len ang ke ch so phat trien conngi (HDI) cua nc ta. Toc o tangdan so en nam 2010 con khoang 1,1%.Giai quyet viec lam ca thanh th vanong thon. Hoan thanh pho cap trunghoc trong ca nc. Tang tuoi tho trung

bnh len 71 [theo 8].




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1. Bao Nhan Dan so 17632 th t ngay

5-11-2003

2. Bao Thanh Nien so 300(2865) th hai

ngay 27-10-2003

3. Bao cao cua Chnh phu tai ky hop lan

th 4 Quoc hoi khoa XI. Bao Nhan

Dan so 17618 ngay 22-10-2003.

4. Chng trnh khoa hoc cong nghe

cap Nha nc giai oan 1999-2000.

Xay dng chien lc va chnh sach

phat trien nang lng ben vng. Ma soKHCN.09. Ha Noi 12-2001.

5. inh Van Dien va nnk, 1995. Tai

nguyen khoang san Viet Nam. Nhng

net khai quat ve lch s phat trien. Mot

so quy luat sinh khoang chu yeu. a

chat, Khoang san va Dau kh T.2 tr. 7-

30. Cuc a chat Viet Nam xuat ban.

Ha Noi-1995.

6. Le Ba Thao, 2002. Viet Nam lanh tho

va cac vung a ly (tai ban lan th hai).

Nha xuat ban The Gii.

7. Nguyen Manh Hung (chu bien), 2003.

Kinh te xa hoi Viet Nam 2002. Ke

hoach 2003. Tang trng va hoi nhap.

Nha xuat ban Thong Ke 2003.

8. Van kien ai hoi ai bieu toan quoc

lan th IX, 2001. Nha xuat ban Chnhtr Quoc gia.

9. Vo Cong Nghiep va nnk, 1995. Tiem

nang nc di at cua Viet Nam.

a chat, Khoang san va Dau kh. T.2.

tr.107-119. Cuc a chat Viet Nam xuat

ban. Ha Noi. 1995.

Tai lieu tham khao




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Chng

Hoat ongieu traa chat,

tham do vakhai thacdau kh

2




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Chng 2. Hoat ong ieu tra a chat, tham do va khai thac dau kh

Dung cu, di vat co bang a t cac thiai o a cu c tm thay nui o (ThanhHoa), o a gia cua van hoa Hoa Bnh roien o a mi thuoc van hoa Bac Sn cachay khoang 100 nghn nam chng to ngiViet co a biet khai thac che bien nguyenlieu khoang (Tran Quoc Vng, 1978).

Vao thi Hung Vng cach ay hang

nghn nam, ngi Lac Viet a chuyen dansang thi ai o ong the hien qua cac dich Phung Nguyen (Vnh Phu), Quy at(Quang Bnh), Ha Long (Quang Ninh)(ao Duy Anh, 1964).

2. Thi ky phong kien

Thi ai kim kh thi Hung Vng

phat trien qua cac giai oan o ong, ongthau ma rc r nhat la van hoa ong Snkhoang the ky 13 trc cong nguyen, trongo co trong ong noi tieng (Ha Van Phung,1981).

Vao cac trieu ai phong kien inh, Le,Ly, Tran, Le en trieu Nguyen, tuy nhieunam lien phai chong ngoai xam, nhng

viec khai thac va s dung tai nguyen vanc m mang ngay cang nhieu. So lieu

thong ke qua cac trieu ai en the ky 19 aco tren 150 mo c khai thac Viet Namgom cac kim loai c ban, sat va hp kim sat,nhien lieu, khoang chat cong nghiep (PhanHuy Le, 1963, Le Van C, 1979-1983).

Qua nhng s lieu tren, cac hoat onglien quan en a chat, khai khoang cuangi Viet a at c nhng trnh o nhat

nh rat ang t hao.

3. Thi ky Phap thuoc (1858-1945)

T khi thc dan Phap o bo vao aNang nam 1856 en suot thi ky o hoViet Nam, cac to chc ve mo va a chata c thanh lap, ieu hanh viec ieu traa chat va khai thac tai nguyen khoang

san cua nc thuoc a.S Mo Nam Ky c thanh lap vao

nam 1868, roi en Nha Mo ong Dng-1884, Cong ty Than Bac Ky - 1888, S achat ong Dng-1898 (tren giay t lanam 1894) thuoc Nha Canh nong va thngmai ong Dng, en nam 1904 thuoc BanCong chnh cua S Mo, nam 1921 nhap

vao Nha Mo ong Dng, nam 1939 thuocBan Tong Thanh tra Mo va Ky nghe ong

Lch s hoat ong lien quan en a chat, tham do, khai khoang, che bien va s dung tai

nguyen khoang san Viet Nam nhng mc o khac nhau gan lien vi qua trnh phat trien

t thi nguyen thuy en nay a c ghi nhan qua nhieu di tch khao co va s lieu.

1. Thi ky tien s




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Dng (Saurrin E., 1951; Hoang Th Than,1973).

Tren thc te, t the ky 16, 17 a conhng nha buon, cha co phng Tay en

Viet Nam a co nhng nhan nh ay lamot v tr can c chiem lay, v chiemc v tr nay th cac thng gia chauAu se thu c mot nguon li rat ln vimot kha nang tai nguyen rat oi doi dao(Alexandre de Rhodes, 1650]. Mot so nhaa chat Phap nh Arnoux E., 1852; PetitonA., 1868-1895, a co nhng khao sat thc

a va cong bo mot so cong trnh a chatve Nam Ky, ong Dng; Fuchs E., SaladirE., 1882 ghi chep ve tham do cac iemnhien lieu va kim loai ong Dng,

S a chat ong Dng a nhanh chongxuc tien viec ieu tra c ban lap ban o achat cac ty le 1:4.000.000 (1882, 1928);1:2.000.000 (1928, 1931, 1937, 1952, 1971).

Tiep theo la viec lap ban o a chat ty le1:100.000 tren cac t That Khe (1907), TuLe (1910), Bac Ha, Ha Giang, Malipo, YenMinh (1915), Cao Bang (1924), Ha Lang(1925), Van Yen (1929) nhng do khongat c muc tieu va keo dai qua lau nen achuyen sang ty le 1:500.000 tren cac t HaNoi (1927-1937), Vinh (1928), Cao Bang(1930), Hue (1935), a Nang (Tourane)(1935), Nha Trang (1937), Sai Gon (1937),Quy Nhn (1942), Khong (1942), Montzeu(1942), Vnh Long (1962).

Ngoai cong viec lap ban o a chat,nghien cu co sinh, a tang (Zeiller R.,1886-1903; Mansuy H., 1908-1921; ColaniM., 1916-1927; Fontain H., 1954-1994),thach hoc (Lacroix A., 1893-1935); kien tao

(Deprat J., 1911-1917, Dussault L., 1921-1929; Jacob CH., 1920-1932; Fromaget J.,

1927-1952; Saurine E., 1930-1970;) acbiet la cong tac ieu tra khai thac tai nguyenkhoang san c bat au rat sm (ArnouxE., 1854-1855; Fuchs E., Saladin E., 1882;

Sarran E., 1888, 1898; Bel JM., 1898-1901;Counilon H., 1899-1914; Beauverie E.,1911; Bordeaux A., 1925-1928; Blondel F.,1927-1952)

Nam 1922 Vien Hai dng hoc ongDng c thanh lap. T nam 1923-1927tau De Lanesssan (Phap) a khao sat osau ay bien va thu thap mau ay Bien

ong. Nam 1930 ngi Phap a o o sau,khao sat a hnh cac khu vc bien nongven b nh vnh Bac Bo, vnh Thai Lan,cac ao Hoang Sa, Trng Sa, Phu Quoc.

Cac cong trnh chuyen sau ve a chatdau kh rat t so vi a chat khu vc noichung va khoang san ran noi rieng. Tuynhien cac tai lieu con e lai cung ghi c

nhng thong tin ve dau kh Viet Nam vaong Dng a biet c kha sm.Vao nam 1901 a khoan mot vai gieng

khoan tai a Nang nhng khong gap khchay t nhien. Nam 1910 a khoan va aogieng vung nui Lch -Yen Bai. Trongcuoc hop ngay 23-3-1914 cua Vien Hanlam Khoa hoc Phap D. Launay a trnh bayghi chep cua P. Durandin Ve s co the tontai mo dau kh ong Dng thuoc Phaptheo cac ch dan a danh [4].

Van e dau mo Bac Bo va nhngvung con lai thuoc ong Dng a cneu ro trong bao cao chung ve cong nghe,nhan cuoc thanh tra cac nc thuoc a vaothang 3/1922 gom nhng vung chnh nhsau [8, 9,18]:

1. Be tram tch e Tam ong Ho (QuangNinh) cha cac va than lignit ang




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c khai thac va a phien dau daykhoang 15 m, khi chng cat cho 3-8%dau khoang (huile minerale) boc chayde dang co the s dung lam chat ot khitron vi lignit.

2. Tram tch e Tam Tuyen Quang.Tren mai lp lignit con gap a phienset-voi mau socola, khi chng cat cho

ra cac dau khoang ty le khac nhau. Haithanh tao tren rat giong nhau, nhng cacbe o rat han che nen tr lng cac aphien s bo thay rang kho ma xay dngc mot nha may dau nc thuoca nay. Tuy vay, s ton tai cac lp aphien cha bitum khong co ngha la dauhieu cho s ton tai khoang dau nhng

vung nay.3. Tram tch Paleozoi vung nui Lch,

hu ngan song Hong, pha Nam th xaYen Bai 3-4 km co dai a voi nt ne,graphit hoa bieu hien hydrocarbon xamnhiem tao thanh mong cua be tram tchsong-ho e Tam day khoang 1.000 mb uon nep Yen Bai doc thung lung

song Hong (Viennot P., 1924, SarranE., 1899; Fromaget J., 1941)

Vao nam 1910, Nha Mo ong Dnga tien hanh khao sat a chat, thi congmot so cong trnh hao, ho thngnguon Ngoi Ac, Ngoi Giao, ac biet lakhoan sn pha ong Nui Lch enngay 12/1/1911 a ti o sau 52 m va oan 35 m a xuyen qua lp cat ketmau en co mui dau mo nhng sau o

a ngng bo. (La question du petrole,1922; Viennot P., 1924). Sau o vaonam 1922 theo e xuat cua GuidonLavallee thuoc S Mo Ha Noi PiereViennot a cung vi ong ta khao sat laivung Nui Lch, Ngoi Ac, Ngoi Giao lapban o tai lieu thc te ty le 1:50.000 vamat cat a chat qua nh Nui Lch (242

m) va gi mau phan tch tai Phong thnghiem cua S Mo cho ket qua co cachp chat hydrocarbon [9]. Trong baocao ve Nghien cu mo dau Yen Bai..tai Hoi ngh cua Hoi a chat Phap vaongay 1/12/1924 do F. Delafond lamchu toa, P. Viennot, 1924 [19] a iemqua cac nghien cu ve a chat cua

Beauverie E., 1911, Zeiller R., 1893,Dussault L., 1922, 1929 lien quan en

Hnh 2.1.Mat cat a chat qua vung nui Lch (theo Pierre Viennot, 1922)




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vung Yen Bai gom cac thanh tao bienchat, cac tram tch Paleozoi va be eTam co nhan nh s xuat lo dau ay,tuy khong co kha nang ton tai mot mo

dau nhng co the ay la dau hieu totcho cong tac tm kiem dau mo x snay (Hnh 2.1 va hnh 2.2).

4. Vung Tourane (a Nang) ngi ta athong bao ve s ton tai cat ket chadau mo va c xac nhan cua nha thamdo (Prospecteur) ieu tra cho biet aco dau khoang ro r trong 20 nam qua

t khi lam cac nen mong cong trnh vung nay va trong mau cat c phongth nghiem cho ket qua co le la hon hpcua hydrocarbon [8].Ve phng dien a chat neu s ton taihydrocarbon la co kha nang trong beMesozoi Nong Sn Tay Nam a Nangth no lai t co kha nang gan thanh phonay ni ngi ta ch biet ngoai boi tchhien tai la a bien chat ket tinh, vieckeo dai cua be nay di nhng boi tchco le khoang 10 km pha Nam aNang.

5. iem lo dau vung am Th Nai QuyNhn c phat hien vao nam 1920 vaSaurin E., 1944 mo ta lang Hoi Loc,chan pha Tay nui Eo Vc ni b bien

doc ng co dau r lo ra loang tren bemat bun, cat lap ay cac khe nt trong

a granit khi thuy trieu rut xuong. Dauthu c do chng cat dung dch maunau, nang co thuoc tnh Parafin va chso khuc xa la 1,425 nhiet o 280C.

Ong ta cho rang dau hieu gia nh cos ton tai dau trong tram tch vung vnh sau di tram tch hien ai va khongnghi ng g no thuoc Neogen, hoac cothe la phan thap cua e T.

Tai ay, vao nam 1944, ngi Phapa tien hanh khoan tham do cac vungpha Tay Hoi Loc, ong Ky Sn thuoc

vnh Quy Nhn en o sau 40 m gap among granit va tren o la lp bun catbien mau xam nhng khong phat hienra dau. Sau o vao nam 1945 ngiNhat cung tien hanh khoan them motso gieng nhng cung khong cho ieu gmi [5]. en nam 1957, Saurin E. trlai nghien cu iem dau nay gan lang

Hoi Loc ben di lp cat bien 20 cm lalp bun cat mau en, mui thoi co nhngvang dau loang tren lp bun sapropelphong phu nhng mang vun thc vat(tao) nh la a me cua dau phan tan,rai rac vnh Quy Nhn. T nhng ketqua nghien cu mi nay, cong vi tailieu tham do 1944, Saurin E., 1964 lai

co nhan nh rang dau ay khongphai t tram tch Neogen hay e T coma chnh la lp bun Sapropel giau munthc vat vnh Quy Nhn.

4. Thi ky t Cach mang thang 8 (1945)

en nay

4.1. Giai oan 1945-1954

Cach mang Thang 8 (1945) a a VietNam t mot nc thuoc a tr thanh mot

Hnh 2.2.Mat cat a chat qua iem lo dau nuiLch (theo Bao cao S mo ong Dng, 1922)




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nc oc lap. Chnh phu Viet Nam Dan chuCong hoa a to chc lai nganh a chat vamo.

Nam 1945 Nha Ky nghe, S Tong

Thanh tra Khoang chat va Ky nghe cthanh lap trc thuoc Bo Quoc dan Kinh te.Nam 1946 S a chat va S Khoang chatc tach ra nhng van nam trong Bo Quocdan Kinh te.

Trong khang chien chong thc dan Phap(1945-1954) ch co mot so hoat ong achat va mo vi quy mo nho c tien hanh

nham phuc vu trc tiep cho quoc phong vadan sinh.Trong vung Phap tam chiem, S a

chat ong Dng c a vao Trung tamnghien cu khoa hoc va ky thuat t nam1951, sau o chuyen vao Sai Gon t nam1954 at trong Tong Nha Mo, Cong nghiepva Thu cong nghiep thuoc Bo Ke hoach

va sau thuoc Bo Tai chnh va Kinh te quocdan. Hoat ong a chat khong co g nhieu,ngoai viec mot so nha a chat Phap nhFromaget J., Saurin E., cong bo mot socong trnh nghien cu a chat Lang Sn,Hai Phong va mot so hon ao, angke la viec tai ban cong trnh ban o a chatong Dng ty le 1:2.000.000 do FromagetJ., Saurin E., thanh lap (1952).

4.2. Giai oan 1954-1975

a. Mien Bac Viet Nam

Sau khi mien Bac Viet Nam c giaiphong (1954), Chnh phu Viet Nam aymanh hoat ong a chat va mo vi s giup cua Lien Xo (cu), Trung Quoc va cacnc ong Au. Chnh phu ac biet quan

tam en viec ao tao chuyen gia trong ncva gi i ao tao nc ngoai.

Mot khoi lng to ln cac cong trnhkhao sat a chat, tm kiem, tham do va khaithac cac khoang san a c hoan thanhtrong giai oan nay. oc gia co the tm hieu

trong Th muc a chat Viet Nam (Cuca chat va Khoang san Viet Nam. Ha Noi1998); chang han nh a chat mien BacViet Nam va ban o a chat mien BacViet Nam (1965) (do Dovjikov A.E. chubien. 1965); Ban o a chat Viet Namphan mien Bac ty le 1:1.000.000 (do TranVan Tr chu bien. 1973) Di ay chung

toi ch neu cac hoat ong lien quan en achat dau kh.Nam 1956 Vien sy Griaznov N.K. (Lien

Xo cu) nhan nh mien Bac Viet Nam cotrien vong dau kh. T 1959-1961 KitovaniS.K. cung vi cac ong nghiep Viet Nama nghien cu tai lieu cua cac nha a chatPhap, khao sat 11 tuyen khoang 25.000 km

lo trnh a hoan thanh bao cao a chatva trien vong dau kh Viet Nam Dan chuCong hoa [13]. ay la cong trnh tong hpau tien ve a chat va anh gia trien vongdau kh Viet Nam. Theo tac gia, mienBac Viet Nam co 4 vung trien vong (Hnh2.3):

1. Vung trung gia nui tam giac chausong Hong.

2. Vung c cau tao bi cac tramtch luc nguyen Mesozoi tren nenCaledoni b bien chat Paleozoi sm.

3. Vung c cau tao bi tram tch lucnguyen Mesozoi tren tang Hercyni blun chm khong sau.

4. Vung c cau tao bi tram tch lucnguyen Paleozoi gia-tren.

Ngay 27-11-1961 oan a chat 36 trcthuoc Tong cuc a chat c thanh lap.




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a tien hanh khao sat t hang khongty le 1:200.000 tren toan mien Bac VietNam (Ivanhiukov I.D. 1961). o trong lcty le 1: 200.000 tren dien tch 12000 km2vung trung Ha Noi (Epstein N.V. 1961-1963); sau o la ty le 1: 500.000 tren toan

mien Bac (Nguyen Hiep 1964-1973); ty le1:200.000 vung trung An Chau va vungtrung Ninh Bnh, ty le 1:50.000 va 1:25.000 ong Nam vung trung Ha Noi (NguyenHiep, Giang Cong Thnh 1965-1973).

Cong tac tham do a chan bat au tnam 1962 vi phng phap phan xa ctien hanh 2.260 km ong Nam vung trung

Ha Noi (Macsiutova, Ho ac Hoai, TrngMinh), 232 km tuyen khuc xa (Nguyen TrLien).

Cong tac tham do ien c bat aut nam 1964 vi tren 1.532 km tuyen chuyeu tap trung ong Nam vung trung HaNoi (Pornhiagin M.A., Tang Mi, NguyenTan Kch).

Cong tac khoan cau tao c bat au tnam 1962 tap trung chu yeu vung trung

Ha Noi vi chieu sau cac gieng khoan t150 m en 1.200 m vi tong so khoang 20nghn met khoan. Cong tac khoan sau batau t nam 1970 vi gieng khoan thongso 100 tai Tien Hng (Thai Bnh) at osau ky luc luc bay gi (1970) la 3.303 m.

Cho en nam 1975 a khoan c 7 giengkhoan sau vi tong 17684 m khoan. Giengkhoan 61 cau tao Tien Hai C a phathien dong kh lan condensat cong nghiep tcat ket thuoc he tang Tien Hng.

Co the noi rang ket qua khao sat achat, a vat ly va khoan trong giai oannay a cho thay bc tranh toan canh cau

truc a chat cua mien Bac Viet Nam lienquan en viec anh gia trien vong dau kh;va ac biet cau truc a chat sau ben dilp phu tram tch e T kha day cua vungtrung Ha Noi lan au tien c nghiencu; a phat hien c nhng he thongt gay phc tap (song Chay, song Hong,song Lo, Vnh Ninh), cac dai nang Kien

Xng-Tien Hai, cac vung sut lun ongQuan, Phng Ngai co chieu day tram tch

Hnh 2.4.Khao sat a chat tai vung An Chau (anh t lieu)




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e Tam vt tren 3 km, cung a phat hiennhieu cau tao a dang chu tac ong cuacac hoat ong kien tao manh me

Cac nghien cu ve thach hoc, tram tch,co sinh (vi co sinh, bao t phan hoa) ac trien khai (Tram tch va ieu kienthanh tao tram tch Neogen-e T mientrung Ha Noi. Glovenok V.K., Le VanChan. 1966,..) trong o phai ke en congtrnh tong hp tai lieu au tien la bao caoCau truc a chat va trien vong dau khcua mien trung Ha Noi cua KisliakovV.N., Golovenok V.K. (1970). Trong giaioan nay a hnh thanh dan quan iem trienvong dau kh vung trung Ha Noi tang danve pha bien.

Ngoai vung trung Ha Noi, cong tackhao sat a chat, a vat ly (trong lc va

ien) va mot vai gieng khoan cau tao tmkiem cung c trien khai vung trungMesozoi An Chau (Nguyen Quang Hap,1965-1967; Nguyen Hiep, 1972; Tran NgocToan, 1974), cac ket qua a c tonghp trong bao cao Cau truc a chat vatrien vong cha dau vung trung An Chau

(1967-1970) do Ngo Thng San chu bien.Song mot so chuyen gia a chat (Makarov.1972) lai cho rang vung nay khong co trienvong dau kh v cau truc a chat vung naykhong thuan li cho kha nang sinh, cha,chan dau kh.

b. Mien Nam Viet Nam

Trong khi mien Bac Viet Nam hoat

ong a chat noi chung va tm kiem thamdo dau kh noi rieng c ay manh th

Hnh 2.6.Gieng khoan tham do phat hien khau tien Tien Hai C Mien Vong Ha Noi

(anh t lieu)

Hnh 2.5.Gieng khoan tham do chau thosong Hong (anh t lieu)




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mien Nam Viet Nam chnh quyen Sai Gonkhong tien hanh g nhieu hoat ong a chattren at lien, ngoai viec mot so nha a chatPhap nh Saurin E., Fontaine H. va mot so

nha a chat Viet Nam nh Ta Tran Tan,Nguyen Lan Tu, Hoang Th Than, TranKim Thach, Nguyen An C hoac chnhly cac nghien cu trc ay hoac nghiencu ve kien tao, a tang, hoa a, suoi ncnong mot so vung tren at lien va motso hon ao. Cung a xuat ban mot so tban o a chat ty le nho 1:500.000 (cac t

Nha Trang, Vnh Long, Sai Gon), ang kenhat la cong trnh cua Fontaine H., tai banlan th ba ban o a chat ong Dng tyle 1:2.000.000 do Fromaget J. va Saurin E.thanh lap, co hieu nh phan Nam v tuyen17 (1971) va T ien a tang ong Dngcua Saurin E., 1956 [23].

Nam 1967, S Hai dng Hoa Ky o t

hang khong tren toan mien Nam Viet Namty le 1:250.000.Nam 1968 Bo Phat trien hai ngoai Anh

tien hanh khao sat a chan khuc xa (khoang290 km tuyen) va phan xa (370 km tuyen)ngoai khi khu vc ao Tho Chu, ket quacho biet chieu day tram tch Mesozoi ayco the ti 3-4 km [2]. Cung nam cong tyAlpine Geophysical Corporation o 19.500km tuyen a chan va lay mau Bienong.

Nam 1969-1970 cong ty RayGeophysical Mandrel khao sat 12.121 kmtuyen a chan, t va trong lc them luca Nam Viet Nam.

Nam 1969 Ho Manh Trung da trentai lieu t hang khong cong bo Khao lc

cau truc ong bang song Cu Long va thaoluan ve van e dau mo [11]. Sau o (1971)

Bosum W.E., Kind E.G., Ho Manh Trungnghien cu cau truc chau tho Mekong datren tai lieu t hang khong cho rang cacbon tram tch Can Th, Ca Mau tram tch

day t 3-5 km. Cac tram tch Lias, Trias vaco the tre hn cung vi a voi Permi co theco gia tr tm kiem dau kh [1].

Ngay 1-12-1970 chnh quyen Sai Gonban hanh ao luat so 011/70 an nh viectm kiem khai thac dau mo cung ieu kienthue khoa va hoi oai. Thang 1-1971 Uyban Quoc gia dau mo c thanh lap theo

sac lenh so 003-SLKT ngay 7-1-1971. Sauo thanh lap Tong cuoc dau hoa va khoangsan.

Thang 6-1971 Bo Kinh te cong bo Nghnh so 249/BKT/UBQGDH ngay 9-6-1971ve cap quyen ac nhng tm kiem thamdo dau mo tai them luc a Viet Nam Conghoa va quy nh cho au thau ac nhng.

Tong cong co 61 lo c a ra au thau.Nam 1972 cong ty GSI (GeologicalService Inc.) khao sat 5.000 km a chan2D khu vc mien Trung va quan ao HoangSa.

Thang 6-1973 cong ty RobertsonResearch International Limited (Anh) vaBEICIP (Bureau dEtudes Industrielles etde Cooperation de lInstitut Francais duPetrole - Phap) phoi hp lam bao cao achat va khai thac hydrocarbon ngoai khiNam Viet Nam tap trung anh gia khanang sinh, cha, chan, bay be Cu Long,vnh Thai Lan va be Sai Gon [22].

Cung thi gian nay chnh quyen SaiGon to chc au thau t 1 tren 8 lo cho4 nhom cong ty: Pecten Viet Nam (lo 06,

07, 08. TL); cong ty Mobil Oil (lo 03, 04TL); cong ty Sunningdale (lo 01, 02.TL)




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va cong ty ESSO (lo 05 TL) vi tong dientch 57.223 km2, trong o 4 lo be CuLong, 4 lo be Nam Con Sn (Hnh 2.7).

Hnh 2.7.D nh ac nhng tm kiemkhai thac dau kh (dung trong ngh nhgoi thau ngay 19/2/1974)

Thang 4-1974 au thau t 2 vi 9 locho 5 nhom cong ty: cong ty Mobil-Keiyo(lo 12A, 12B TL); Pecten BHP (lo 09TL); IOL (lo 10 TL) Marathon (lo 11TL), OMO (lo 10, 14, 19, 23 TL) vidien tch moi lo la 4.500 km2 (Hnh 2.8).

Hnh 2.8.Khu vc hp ong giai oan 1973-1975

Sau khi trung thau cac cong ty a tienhanh o a chan vi mang li 8x8 km,

4x4 km tren toan lo va 2x2 km tren cacdien tch co trien vong. Tong chieu dai o

a chan trong thi gian nay len ti 87.908km.

Cuoi nam 1974 au 1975 cong ty Pectenva Mobil a khoan 6 gieng tm kiem tren

5 cau tao, trong o co 4 gieng khoan va 1gieng cha ket thuc be Nam Con Sn, 1gieng khoan be Cu Long.

Gieng Hong-1X (lo 8 TL) at chieusau 1640 m, phat hien dau trong lp cat ketnhng khong co gia tr thng mai.

Gieng Da-1X (lo 8 TL) sau 4.039 mgap dau o sau 3.048-3.352 m th va cho

lu lng 1.514 barel (240 m3) dau/ngay va164.000 m3kh/ngay.

Gieng Bach Ho-1X (lo 04 TL) sau3.026 m gap nhieu lp cat ket cha dau o sau 2.750-2.860 m. Th va cho lulng 2.400 barel (380 m3) dau/ngay va25.000 m3kh/ngay.

Gieng Da-2X (lo 08 TL) vi o sau

3.652 m ngay 1-4-1975, bo d khoan.Gieng Ma-1X (lo 06 TL) sau 3.353 mgap ap suat cao khong th va c.

Gieng ai Hung-1X khoan en o sau1.829 m (thang 4/1975) th bo d khoan.

4.3. Giai oan t 1975 en nay

Sau khi Viet Nam thong nhat hai mienNam Bac (30-4-1975), Chnh phu Viet Nam

ay manh cong tac a chat, tm kiem thamdo khoang san noi chung va ac biet la tmkiem tham do dau kh tren ca nc.

Ngay 3-9-1975 Tong cuc Dau mo vaKh ot Viet Nam c thanh lap trc thuocChnh phu. Thang 8-1977 Cong ty Dau khquoc gia Viet Nam goi tat la Petrovietnamc thanh lap trc thuoc Tong cuc Dau

kh. Thang 4-1990 Tong cuc Dau kh nhapvao Bo Cong nghiep nang. Thang 7-1990




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thanh lap Tong cong ty Dau kh Viet Namco ten giao dch quoc te la Petrovietnam.Thang 4-1992, Tong cong ty Dau kh VietNam tach khoi Bo Cong nghiep nang trcthuoc Thu tng Chnh phu. Theo quyetnh so 330/TTG ngay 29-5-1995 cua Thutng Chnh phu, Tong cong ty Dau khViet Nam la Tong cong ty Nha nc co tengiao dch quoc te la Vietnam Oil and GasCorporation viet tat la Petrovietnam, cocac chc nang nhiem vu: nghien cu, tmkiem, tham do, khai thac dau kh, che bien,

tang tr, van chuyen, dch vu dau kh, xuatnhap vat t thiet b dau kh, dau tho va sanpham dau kh; phan phoi san pham dau khva cac hoat ong kinh doanh khac phu hpvi luat phap Viet Nam va cac nhiem vuc giao khac.

mien Bac Viet Nam Tong cuc Daukh tiep tuc ch ao cac n v trong nganh

trien khai khao sat trong lc chi tiet (tyle 1:50.000; 1:25.000) vung ong Nam

trung Ha Noi va vung nc nong ven bienThai Bnh, Nam nh (Giang Cong Thnh,Phan Quang Quyet 1976-1982); khao sata chan phng phap iem sau chung ty le

1:50.000 vi 3.197 km tuyen ong Namva Bac trung ong Quan, Kien Xng,Tien Hai, ong Hoang va 223 km vungnc nong vnh Bac Bo (o Van Lu, aoQuang An, Pham Dng, o Van Hau1975 - 1981). Cuoi nam 1981 tien hanh2.555 km tuyen a chan mat o quan sat5x5 km tren dien tch 6.500 km2 vnh Bac

Bo bang tau a chan Bnh Minh (o VanHau, 1981) (Hnh 2.9). Trong giai oan naya tien hanh 32 gieng khoan vi 78.842 mkhoan. a phat hien c mo kh Tien HaiC (Hnh 2.10).

Nam 1977, Sevostianov K.M., LeTrong Can va nnk. hoan thanh bao caoCau truc a chat, trien vong dau kh va

phng hng cong tac tiep theo mientrung Ha Noi [20], nam 1983 Skorduli

Hnh 2.9.Tau a chan Bnh Minh (anh t lieu)




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Nam (1975-1980) [14].Ngay 3-7-1980 Hiep nh hp tac gia

Lien Xo (cu) va Viet Nam ve viec tham dova khai thac dau kh them luc a Viet

Nam c ky ket. Ngay 19-6-1981 Chnhphu Viet Nam va Lien Xo (cu) ky ketHiep nh thanh lap X nghiep lien doanhdau kh Viet-Xo (viet tat la Vietsovpetro).Ngay 7-11-1981 Vietsovpetro chnh thc ivao hoat ong.

Khao sat a vat ly (t, trong lc, achan) c tien hanh tren them luc a Viet

Nam do Lien oan a vat ly Vien ongLien Xo thc hien vi cac tau POISK,ISKATEL, Vien sy Gambuaxev, Malgintheo cac mang li t khu vc en chi tiet.

Tren c s tai lieu a vat ly, a phathien c nhieu cau tao co trien vong daukh. X nghiep lien doanh Vietsovpetro batau tien hanh khoan tm kiem tren cac cautao Bach Ho, Rong (Hnh 2.12).

Hnh 2.12.Tau khoan Mikhain Mirchin phat hienthay dau trong tang Miocen tai gieng so 5 mo Bach

Ho (thang 5-1984) (anh t lieu)

Gieng BH-5 khoan ngay 31-12-1983bang tau khoan Mikhain Mirchin phannh vom Nam cau tao co o sau 3.001m, th va 2.782-2.826 m trong tram tchMiocen di cho lu lng 26,3 m3 dau/

ngay qua ng knh ong xa 7,9 mm (thang5 - 1984).

Gieng BH-4 khoan phan ong Baccua nh vom pha Bac cau tao, dng o

sau 3.501 m, th va khoang 2.519-2.845 mtrong tram tch Miocen di cho lu lng206,3m3dau/ngay; th 7 va trong tram tchOligocen khoang 3.100-3.470,5 m cho lulng t 90 en 338 m3dau/ngay.

Gieng Rong-1X c khoan nh cautao Rong a gap mong bien chat o sau2501 m, phat hien 1 va dau vi lu lng

53m3dau/ngay.Ngay 6-11-1984 chan e gian khoan co

nh au tien cua nganh dau kh Viet Namc ha thuy va sau o gian khoan co nh(MSP-1) c hoan thanh xay lap. Ngay26-6-1986 t gian khoan nay khai thac tandau au tien tai mo Bach Ho (Hnh 2.13).

Hnh 2.13.Xay lap gian khoan au tien(anh t lieu)

Neu nam 1981 anh dau bang s kienkhai thac met khoi kh thien nhien au tien Viet Nam t mo kh Tien Hai C (ThaiBnh) tren at lien, th nam 1986 anh daumoc khai thac tan dau tho au tien cuamo Bach Ho ngoai khi Viet Nam (Hnh2.14).

Tai gieng khoan BH-6 ngay 11-5-1987

a phat hien tang dau trong a mong co tuoitrc Kainozoi va sau o tai gieng khoan




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N0-1(MSP-1) a khang nh ieu nay vi

lu lng tren 1.000 tan dau/ngay. Ngay

6-9-1988 bat au khai thac dau t tangmong mo Bach Ho m ra mot trien vong

mi khong nhng tang ang ke san lng

khai thac mo Bach Ho ma con thay oi

rat ln ve oi tng tm kiem va khai thacdau kh truyen thong be Cu Long noi

Hnh 2.14. Tau ch dau mo Bach Ho (anh t lieu)

Hnh 2.15.Gian cong nghe trung tam mo Bach Ho (anh t lieu)




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rieng, them luc a Viet Nam noi chung(Hnh 2.15).

Ngoai phat hien mo Bach Ho va Rong,ngay 18-7-1988 gieng khoan H-1 tai cau

tao ai Hung cung a phat hien thay dau,va ngay 14-10-1994 barel dau au tien ac khai thac tai ay.

T nam 1988 Chnh phu Viet Nam thchien ng loi oi mi. Luat au t ncngoai Viet Nam c ban hanh (1987),sau o la Luat Dau kh (1993) c bo sung

va sa oi vao nam 2000 va nhat la khico Ngh quyet 15 (1988) cua Bo Chnh trang Cong san Viet Nam ve phng hng

Hnh 2.16a.So lng hp ong va tong chi ph




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va nhiem vu phat trien nganh dau kh thhoat ong dau kh c trien khai mot cachmanh me bao gom tat ca cac lnh vc tthng nguon, trung nguon va ha nguon.

Lan au tien Viet Nam hp ongtm kiem, tham do, khai thac dau kh didang Hp ong chia san pham (PSC-Production Sharing Contract) c ky ket

Hnh 2.16b.Hoat ong dau kh Viet Nam




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nhu cau LPG hien nay cua ca nc (Hnh2.17, 2.18, 2.19).

San lng khai thac dau tho va kh thien

nhien hang nam eu tang (xem Hnh 3.14,3.19, Chng 3), nhat la khi cong ty BP,ONGC va Petrovietnam a mo kh LanTay, Lan o vao khai thac va van hanh he

thong ng ong Nam Con Sn 26 inches(76,02 cm) dai tren 370 km bien va ngong 30 inches (76,2cm) t b bien en PhuMy vi cong suat 20 trieu m3 kh/ngay(2002) e cung vi kh ong hanh mo BachHo, Rang ong cung cap kh cho cac nhamay ien Ba Ra, Phu My (3.000 MW)va nha may am Phu My (gan 0,8 trieu tan/

nam) (Hnh 2.19, 2.20, 2.21).Hien nay Petrovietnam ang xuc tienviec xay dng nha may loc dau DungQuat (Quang Ngai) vi cong suat 6,5 trieutan/nam va lap luan chng kha thi khu lochoa dau Nghi Sn (Thanh Hoa), ong thiang ay manh xay dng he thong ngong dan kh t cac mo khu vc PM3-CAA(chong lan gia Viet Nam va Malaysia) ve

Hnh 2.20. Tram phan phoi kh Nam Con Sn (anh t lieu)

Hnh 2.19. He thong ng ong dan kh Rangong-Bach Ho-Phu My va Lan Tay-Phu My




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nh:1. Hp tac vi Uy ban ieu phoi cac

chng trnh a chat ngoai khi vai duyen hai khu vc ong va ong

Nam A (CCOP) cac chng trnh anhgia tai nguyen dau kh (WGRA) 1986-1990; Chng trnh quan ly tai nguyen(OGRM) 1991-1996; Chng trnh anhgia tai nguyen va ke hoach hoa (REP-II) 1996-1999

2. Hp tac vi Cuc a chat an Mach vaGreenland (GEUS) nghien cu be song

Hong, Phu Khanh; Vien a chat Nhat(JGI) nghien cu be Phu Khanh.

3. Chng trnh nghien cu khoa hoc congnghe bien ma so KT-03 (1996-2000);Chng trnh KHCN-09 (1996-2000):Phat trien nang lng ben vng ennam 2020; Chng trnh trong iemcap Nha nc KC.09 (2001-2005):

ieu tra c ban va nghien cu ngdung cong nghe bien

Hnh 2.23.Phong th nghiem Vien Dau kh(anh t lieu)

Tong cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam aau t nhieu tien cua e nang cap cac nv nghien cu khoa hoc cong nghe (Viennghien cu va thiet ke bien trc thuoc

Vietsovpetro, Vien Dau kh, Trung tamnghien cu va phat trien che bien dau kh,

Trung tam an toan va bao ve moi trng,Trung tam thong tin t lieu dau kh Hnh2.23).

Tong cong ty Dau kh a gi hang nghn

lt ngi i hoc trong nc va nc ngoai,hang tram sinh vien, nghien cu sinh sauai hoc c gi ao tao cac trng aihoc nc ngoai. Hien nay nhieu cong nhanky thuat, chuyen gia Viet Nam am nhiemcac chc danh trc ay phai thue nginc ngoai .

5. ong gop cua hoat ong tm kiem,

tham do, khai thac dau kh vao kinh

te xa hoi Viet Nam

Ke t nam 1959 khi bat au trien khaihoat ong khao sat a chat dau kh choen nam 1986 tan dau tho au tien ckhai thac t mo Bach Ho, Chnh phu VietNam (co s giup cua chnh phu Lien

Xo (cu)) phai au t moi chi ph va chaco nguon thu t dau kh. Nhng t khi sanlng khai thac dau kh tang th nguon thucho ngan sach Nha nc (nhat la ngoai te)t viec xuat khau dau tho cang ngay cangln. Tuy theo gia ca cua dau tho tren thtrng ma hang nam nguon thu t xuatkhau dau tho chiem t 20%-24% tong kimngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam, va t 22%en 25% tong thu ngan sach cua Nha nc.Nhat la vao nhng nam 1987-1993 kinh te-xa hoi Viet Nam gap rat nhieu kho khan,moi trng the gii khong thuan li (LienXo tan ra, nguon cung cap san pham dau tLien Xo b giam han), khai thac va xuatkhau dau tho cua Viet Nam a gop phanquan trong a Viet Nam thoat khoi khung

hoang kinh te - xa hoi vao cuoi nhng nam80 cua the ky trc.




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Hien nay, ngoai viec khai thac vaxuat khau dau tho, viec khai thac va chebien kh thien nhien (ong hanh va khongong hanh) ngay cang tang, cung nh cac

hoat ong dau kh khac (san xuat xang tcondensat, phan am, PVC, cac loai dchvu dau kh, cac san pham loc hoa dau..) song gop cua hoat ong dau kh vao nen

kinh te-xa hoi Viet Nam lai cang to lnhn. Nganh dau kh Viet Nam xng angla mot trong nhng nganh kinh te mui nhoncua at nc. Tong cong ty Dau kh Viet

Nam se cang ngay cang phat trien e trthanh mot Tap oan kinh te manh cua atnc [24].




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Tai lieu tham khao

1. Bosum W.E., Kind E.G., Ho ManhTrung. 1971. Interpretation of theaeromagnetic map covering the Mekong

delta (Giai thch ban o t hang khongvung tam giac chau Mekong). CCOP.Tech. bull. Vol 4. june-1971; pp. 93-102.

2. Dash B.P., Ahmed K.O., Hubral P..1970. Seismic investigation in theregion of Poulo Pajang, offshore fromsouthwestern Vietnam (Khao sat achan trong khu vc Poulo Panjang ngoaikhi tay nam Viet Nam).CCOP. Tech.bull. Vol. 3. May 1970 pp.37-54.

3. Durandin P., 1914. Le petroledans lIndochine francaise. Indicesmineralogique et toponymiques delexistence de gisement petroliferes

(Dau mo ong dng. Cac ch danve khoang vat va a danh cua s tontai cac mo dau kh). CR. Assoc. franc.Av. Sci. 43 sess., 1914. pp. 1029-1035.Paris.

4. Durandin P., 1914. sur lexistencepossible de gisement petroliferes danslIndochine francaise dapres les indices

toponymique (Kha nang co mo dau kh ong Dng da theo cac ch dan vea danh). CR. Acad. Sci. France, 158,pp. 900-903. Paris.

5. oan Thien Tch. 2001.Dau kh Vietnam. Nha xuat ban ai hoc Quoc Gia.Tp. Ho ch Minh.

6. oan Thien Tch. 1977.Cau truc ia

chat trung Cu Long va ra ke can, trienvong dau mo va kh thien nhien. Lu

tr Tong Cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam.

7. Golovenok V.K., Le Van Chan. 1966.Tram tch va ieu kien thanh tao tramtch Neogen - e T mien trung HaNoi. Lu tr Vien Dau kh Viet Nam.

8. Gouvernement general delIndochine. Service des mines. Laquestion du petrole au Tonkin et dansle reste de lIndochine. Extrait de raportgeneral sur lindustrie miniere etabli

pour linspection des colonies (Mars1922). (Van e dau mo Bac ky vavung con lai cua ong Dng. trch baocao tong quat ve cong nghiep mo thanhlap e thanh tra cac thuoc a (thang 3-1922)].

9. Gouvernement general delIndochine. Service de mines. 1922.

Note sur un prelevement dechantillonseffectue dans la region petroliferes deNui Lich (province de Yen bai) (Ghichep ve chiet xuat t cac mau trongvung dau mo nui Lch tnh Yen Bai).

10.Ho ac Hoai, Ngo Thng San. 1975.Cau truc a chat va trien vong dau khthem luc a Viet nam. Lu tr Tong

Cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam.11.Ho Manh Trung. 1969. Esquisse

structural du Delta du Mekong.Discussion du problem petrolier (Phacthao cau truc tam gac chau Mekong.Ban ve van e dau kh). ArchievesGeologique du Vietnam, Saigon, No12, pp. 195-211.

12.Kisliakov V.n., Golovenok V.K., 1970.Cau truc a chat va trien vong dau kh




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cua mien trung Ha Noi. Lu tr Viendau kh Viet Nam.

13.Kitovani S.K., 1959-1961.a chat va

trien vong dau kh Viet Nam Dan chuCong Hoa. Lu tr Vien dau kh VietNam.

14.Ngo Thng San (chu bien), 1976-1980. Cau truc a chat va trien vongdau kh them luc a pha Nam CongHoa Xa Hoi Chu Ngha Viet Nam. Lutr Tong Cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam.

15. Nguyen Giao,1984. Cau truc a chatva tiem nang dau kh tram tch e tamong bang Cu Long. Lu tr TongCong Ty Dau Kh Viet Nam.

16. Nguyen Van ac va nnk.,1987. Ketqua cong tac tham do a chat dau khmien vong Ha Noi giai oan 1980-1985. Lu tr Tong Cong Ty Dau Kh

Viet Nam.17.Piere Viennot. 1924.Etude du gisement

petrolifere de Yen Bai et de ses environs(Tonkin) (Nghien cu mo dau YenBai va cac vung phu can (Bac Ky)).Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 1924. pp. 592-603.

18.Pierre Viennot. 1924. Etude dugisement petrolifere de Yen Bai etde ses environs (Tonkin). Extrait ducompte rendu sommaire des seancesde la societe geologique de France.Seance du 1erDecembre 1924. P.179-.Presidence de M. Delafond, President.(Nghien cu mo dau Yen Bai va cacvung phu can (Bac Ky). Trch bao caotom tat cac phien hop cua Hoi a chat

Phap. Phien hop ngay 1 thang 12 nam

1924. trang 179. Di s chu toa cua M.Delafond; Chu tch).

19.Rapport sur lactivite du bureau

detudes geologique et minierescoloniales. 1934-1935.

20.Sevostianov K.M. 1977. Cau truc achat, trien vong dau kh va phnghng cong tac tiep theo mien trungHa Noi. Lu tr Vien Dau kh VietNam.

21.Skorduli V.D., Khuduk M.N., Nguyen

Ngoc C, 1983.Tong ket nghien cutham do a chat dau kh 1962-1982mien trung Ha Noi. Lu tr Vien Daukh Viet Nam.

22.The geology and hydrocarbonprospects of offshore Vietnam. 1973.Technical report prepared by RobertsonResearch International Limited (UK)

in association with Bureau dEtudesIndustrielles et de Cooperation delInstitut Francais du Petrole (France).June 1973.

23.Th muc a chat Viet Nam. 1998.Cuca chat va khoang san Viet Nam.

24.Tong Cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam.2005. Chien lc phat trien nganh daukh Viet Nam en nam 2015 co tnh en2025.

25. Vu Van Knh, Nguyen Van ac vannk., 2002.Tong hp anh gia ket quatm kiem tham do dau kh Viet Namgiai oan 1988-2000 va phng hngtm kiem tham do tiep theo. Lu trTong Cong Ty Dau Kh Viet Nam.




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Chng

Tong quan vetai nguyen

dau kh cuaViet Nam

3




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39

Chng 3. Tong quan ve tai nguyen dau kh cua Viet nam

Cong tac tm kiem tham do dau kh Viet Nam c bat au t au nhng nam60 cua the ky trc, nhng hoat ong tm

kiem tham do ch thc s c trien khaimanh me t khi thanh lap Tong cuc Daumo va kh ot Viet Nam vao nam 1975.Sau 30 nam xay dng va phat trien Tongcong ty Dau kh Viet a co nhng bctien vt bac, nhat la t khi Luat au tnc ngoai tai Viet Nam c Nha ncban hanh (29/12/1987), a thu hut c

hang chuc cong ty dau kh the gii au tvao tham do dau kh vi so von au t chotham do khai thac tren 7 ty USD, phat hiennhieu mo dau kh mi, san lng khai thacdau kh tang nhanh, am bao an ninh nanglng Quoc gia, gop phan a at nc rakhoi khung hoang kinh te cuoi thap nien 80cua the ky 20 va a Viet Nam vao danhsach cac nc xuat khau dau tren the gii.

Tr cac hp ong nhng a c kytrc nam 1975, t hp ong PSC au tienc ky vao nam 1978 cho en nay (31-12-2004) a co tren 50 hp ong dau kh(JV, PSC, BCC, JOC) c ky, trong o chuyeu la cac hp ong vung them luc aen 200m nc, ch co 1 hp ong atlien va 1 hp ong vung nc sau. Hien

nay co 27 hp ong ang hoat ong gom 15hp ong giai oan tham do, 12 hp ong

ang phat trien va khai thac (xem chi tiet chng 2).

Ket qua cong tac tm kiem tham do

trong thi gian qua a xac nh c cacbe tram tch e Tam co trien vong dau kh:Song Hong, Phu Khanh, Cu Long, NamCon Sn, Malay- Tho Chu, T Chnh-VungMay, nhom be Trng Sa va Hoang Sa,trong o cac be: Cu Long, Nam Con Sn,Malay-Tho Chu va Song Hong gom caat lien (mien vong Ha Noi) a phat hien

va ang khai thac dau kh (Hnh 3.1). Tuynhien do ac iem hnh thanh va phat trienrieng cua tng be tram tch nen chung coac iem cau truc, a tang tram tch cungnh cac ieu kien ve he thong dau kh khacnhau, do vay tiem nang dau kh cua moi beco khac nhau vi cac ac trng chnh vedau kh a phat hien cua cac be nh sau:

Be Cu Long:Chu yeu phat hien dau,trong o co 5 mo ang khai thac (BachHo, Rong, Rang ong, Hong Ngoc, S Ten) va nhieu mo khac (S T Vang, ST Trang...) ang chuan b phat trien. ayla be cha dau chu yeu them luc a VietNam.

Be Nam Con Sn:Phat hien ca dau vakh (ty le phat hien kh, kh - condensat cao

hn) trong o co 2 mo ang khai thac la modau ai Hung va mo kh Lan Tay-Lan o,

1. Gii thieu




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ngoai ra con mot so mo kh ang phat trien

(Rong oi-Rong oi Tay, Hai Thach...).Be Song Hong:Chu yeu phat hien kh,

trong o mo kh Tien Hai C ong bang

song Hong (mien vong Ha Noi)ang ckhai thac va mot so phat hien khac ngoai

Hnh 3.1. S o phan bo cac mo dau kh Viet Nam




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khi vnh Bac Bo.Be Malay - Tho Chu:Phat hien ca dau

va kh trong o cac mo daukh: BungaKekwa-Cai Nc, Bunga Raya, Bunga

Seroja vung chong lan gia Viet Nam vaMalaysia ang c khai thac.

Nhn chung cac phat hien dau khthng mai them luc a va at lien VietNam cho en nay thng la cac mo nhieutang cha dau, kh trong cac dang play cotuoi khac nhau: mong nt ne trc e Tam(play 1), cat ket Oligocen (play 2), cat ket

Miocen (play 3), carbonat Miocen (play4) va a phun trao (play 5), trong o playmong phong hoa nt ne trc e Tam laoi tng cha dau chu yeu be Cu Longvi cac mo khong lo. Tuy thuoc vao aciem thanh tao cac play nay lai c chiara cac play phu (xem bang 3.1).

Tong quan tr lng va tiem nang dau

kh Viet Nam c neu trong chng nayda tren c s ket qua cac bao cao tnh tr

lng cac mo, cac phat hien dau kh hangnam cua cac nha thau va cac n v thamdo khai thac dau kh cua Petrovietnam cungnh ket qua cua e an kh tong the nam

1996 Vietnam Gas Master plan va ean Vietnam Total Resource Assessment(VITRA) nam 1997 c cap nhat en31-12-2004. He thong phan cap tr lnghien tai ang ap dung Viet Nam theo2 he thong. Cac nha thau dau kh (hpong PSC, BCC, JOC) ap dung he thongphan cap cua Hoi ky s dau kh (SPE), con

XNLD Vietsovpetro van tiep tuc apdung he thong phan cap cua Nga c saoi ban hanh nam 2001. He thong phan captr lng mi cua nganh dau kh Viet Namc bien soan tng t theo he thong phancap cua SPE, CCOP d kien se hoan thienban hanh trong nam 2005. Con so tr lngthong ke trong e an VITRA a tnh ti

cac yeu to cua he thong phan cap mi cuaPetrovietnam cho hau het cac mo (tr cac

B Min vng Sng Ph Cu Nam TChnh Nhm b Malay

Play HNi Hng Khnh Long Cn Sn Vng My T.Sa, H.Sa Th Chu

Pliocen 3d Turbidit

Miocen 3d Turbidit Turbidit

trn 3c Ht vn

4 Carbonat, Carbonat

Miocen gia 3b Ht vn Ht vn Ht vn Carbonat/ Ht vn Ht vn

Miocen di 3a Trm tch Ht vn

2d Ht vn

Trm tch chu th,

Oligocen 2c bin nng

TT chu th, Trm tch ht vn

2b m h

Trm tch

2a/5 chu th Phun tro

Mng trc 1 Mng (granit, granodiorit) phong ho nt n, Carbonat hang hc

Kainozoi

Play c xc minh Play cha c xc minh

Bang 3.1.Phan chia Play cac be tram tch e Tam Viet Nam




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mo Bach Ho, Rong thuoc Vietsovpetro).

Con so tr lng dau kh tnh en 31/12/2004

phan anh cap tr lng thng mai cua cac

mo a phat trien ang khai thac va cac phathien ang c anh gia (ky thuat - thng

mai) co trien vong thng mai. o chnh

la tai san co gia tr ma nganh dau kh Viet

Nam can phai quan ly va am bao khai

thac an toan co hieu qua e gop phan phat

trien nen kinh te quoc dan.

2. Thanh cong trong tm kiem tham do

Tnh en 31-12-2004 a co tren 70 phat

hien dau kh, tuy nhien ch co 51 phat hien

c a vao anh gia thong ke tr lng,

trong o co 24 phat hien dau chu yeu be

Cu Long, 27 phat hien kh (ke ca phat hien

kh-dau) phan bo cac be: Nam Con Sn,

Malay-Tho Chu, Cu Long va song Hong

(Hnh 3.2a, 3.2b). Tr lng phat hien chu

yeu vung lanh hai va them luc a en

200 m nc, ch co 2 phat hien kh at

Hnh 3.2c.Tr lng dau kh phat hien gia tang hang nam

Hnh 3.2a. Phan bo cac phat hien dau kh Hnh 3.2b. Tr lng dau kh phat hien




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lien (MVHN).Tr lng dau kh phat hien gia tang

hang nam va tnh cho giai oan 1982-2004c minh hoa hnh 3.2c, 3.2d.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1982 1992 2002 2004

Triu

tn

Du Kh

Hnh 3.2d. Tr lng dau kh giai oan 1982-2004

Hoat ong tham do co bc ot bienva phat trien lien tuc t khi Luat au tnc ngoai Viet Nam c ban hanh vanhat la t khi nha nc ban hanh Luat Daukh nam 1993. Mc o hoat ong tham dophu thuoc vao chu ky tham do cua cac hpong dau kh va gia dau bien oi tren thtrng the gii lien quan chat che vi thtrng dau OPEC. So gieng khoan tham docao nhat vao cac nam 1994-1996 la 28-32gieng, trung bnh trong giai oan 1991 en

nay la 15 gieng/nam. Trong thi gian t1997-1999 do khung hoang kinh te khu vcong Nam A va gia dau giam manh xuongen 14USD/ thung vao thang 8 nam 1998

phan ln cac khu vc tren the gii baogom ca Chau A -Thai Bnh Dng a anhhng khong nho en cong tac tham donen so gieng tham do trong nhng nam naych con 4-6 gieng/nam. T nam 2000 khigia dau the gii tang len tren 20USD/thungnhp o khoan tham do lai c tang lenva at 20 gieng tham do trong nam 2004.

So gieng phat trien en nay tren 320 gieng,trung bnh 17 gieng/nam (Hnh 3.3). au tcho cong tac TKTD trong giai oan 1988-2000 be Nam Con Sn la ln nhat, thapnhat la be Malay-Tho Chu (Hnh 3.4).

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Chip

h(TriuUSD)

Cu Long Nam CnSn

SngHng

ML ThChu

Hnh 3.4. Chi ph TKTD 1988-2000 (theo VPI)

Ty le thanh cong cac gieng tham do phu

Hnh 3.3. Bieu o khoan tham do, khoan phat trien va gia dau hang nam

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Sging

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.0060.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

GiduUSD/thng

Ging thm d Ging pht trin Gi du theo nm Gi du qui v nm 2002

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Sging

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.0060.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

GiduUSD/thng

Ging thm d Ging pht trin Gi du theo nm Gi du qui v nm 2002




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la 814,7 trieu tan dau qui oi, xap x 67%tai nguyen dau kh a phat hien. Tr lnga phat hien tnh cho cac mo dau kh gomtr lng vi he so thu hoi dau kh c ban

(khai thac bang nang lng t nhien) va trlng thu hoi bo sung do ap dung cac bienphap gia tang thu hoi (bm ep nc) ctnh cho cac mo a tuyen bo thng mai,phat trien va ang khai thac c phanbo nh sau: tr lng dau va condensatkhoang 420 trieu tan (khoang 18 trieu tancondensat), kh 394,7 ty m3 trong o tr

lng kh ong hanh 69,9 ty m3

, kh khongong hanh 324,8 ty m3. Tr lng dau akhai thac 169,94 trieu tan, kh ong hanhva khong ong hanh a khai thac khoang37,64 ty m3 trong o lng kh a vao bs dung ch at 18,67 ty m3kh (50%), sokh con lai c dung tai mo va ot bo ebao ve moi trng. Hien nay (en 31-12-2004) tr lng con lai 250,06 trieu tan dauva 357 ty m3kh.3.2. Tr lng dau kh Viet Nam trong

khung canh dau kh toan cau

Viet Nam la Quoc gia co tiem nang daukh. Cac mo dau kh a c phat hien MVHN (ong bang Song Hong), be NamCon Sn va Cu Long thuoc them luc aNam Viet Nam t nam 1975, nhng vi trlng khong ang ke nen trc nam 1990,tr lng dau kh cua Viet Nam cha cthong ke trong khu vc va the gii. Chsau khi phat hien va khai thac dau t mongnt ne trc e Tam cua mo Bach Ho beCu Long tr lng dau cua Viet Nam mic a vao thong ke au tien vao nam1990 va sau khi phat hien mo kh Lan Tay

- Lan o be Nam Con Sn tr lng khcua Viet Nam mi c a vao bang thong

ke cua the gii t nam 1992. Theo thongke cua BP (BP 2004 Statistical Review ofWorld Energy) tr lng dau the gii vangi c mc tang trng so vi nam 1992

va at 1.147,8 ty thung cuoi nam 2003 chuyeu tap trung khu vc Trung ong (63%),ieu o cho thay tam quan trong cua cacnc trong khu vc nay oi vi viec cungcap dau tren the gii. Trong khi o khuvc Chau A-Thai Bnh Dng t nam 1992en 31-12-2003 tr lng dau tang khoang3 ty thung t 44,6 ty thung len 47,7 ty

thung ch chiem khoang 4% tr lng dauthe gii (hnh 3.9a). Mac du tr lng daucua Viet Nam a tang len khoang 1,7 lanso vi nam 1992 t 250,9 trieu tan (1.930trieu thung) len 420 trieu tan (3.203 trieuthung) vao cuoi nam 2004 nhng van la ratnho so vi tr lng dau cua the gii va chchiem khoang 7,8% tr lng dau cua khu

vc Chau A - Thai Bnh Dng, ng hangth 6 (sau Malaysia) trong khu vc ChauA- Thai Bnh Dng (Hnh 3.9b). Tong trlng kh cua the gii en cuoi 2003 khoang175,78 nghn ty m3 (6204,9 TSCF), trongo cac nc khu vc Chau A - Thai BnhDng co tr lng kh khoang 13,47 nghnty m3(475,6 TSCF) chiem khoang 8% trlng kh the gii, ng th 4 sau Chau Phi(hnh 3.10a). Tr lng kh cua Viet Nammac du tang 3 lan t 120 ty m3(4,3 TSCF)vao nam 1992 len 395 ty m3(14 TSCF) vaonam 2004 nhng ch chiem khoang 2,9%tr lng kh khu vc Chau A-Thai BnhDng (Hnh 3.10b) va xep th 9 sau PapuaNew Guinea.

Nghien cu xu hng bien ong tr

lng dau kh khu vc Chau A-Thai BnhDng cho thay trong khi cac nc Trung




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47


Quoc, An o, Indonesia, Malaysia tr

lng dau giam so vi nam 1992 th Viet

Nam lai co s tang tr lng nhanh ca dau

va kh. Thanh cong trong tham do gia tang

tr lng dau kh cua Viet Nam la do hang

loat cac hp ong dau kh c ky cac

vung mi va hoat ong tham do soi ong

m rong ra toan them luc a en vungnc sau 200m. Mat khac khoan tham do

va phat trien mo Bach Ho lan au tien a

phat hien dau trong mong trc e Tam

bo sung nguon tr lng rat ln e duy tr

va tang san lng khai thac. Nh vay ngay

ca nh nhng phat hien mi b giam i, so

lng va qui mo, tr lng co kha nang

tang manh ang ke cac vung xung quanh

mo san sang khai thac. ieu o nhan manhtam quan trong cac hoat ong phat trien

Hnh 3.9a. Phan bo tr lng dau cac khu vc tren The gii

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

NghnTriuthng

Trung

ong

Chau Au

vaA-Au

Nam va

Trung My

Chau Phi Bac My Chau A-

TBD

Hnh 3.9b.Phan bo tr lng dau cac nc khu vc Chau A- Thai Bnh Dng

0

5

10

15

20

25

Nghntriuthng

TrungQuoc

Ano

Indonesia U

c

Malaysia

VietNam

Brunei

ThaiLan

PapuaNewGuinea




44/491

48


cac mo a phat hien trong viec tham do

hp ly cac tiem nang dau kh co the.

4. Phan bo tr lng dau

4.1. Phan bo tr lng dau chi tiet.

Tr lng dau cua Viet Nam tnh en 31-

12-2004 cho 24 mo co kha nang thng mai

vao khoang 402 trieu tan (~3.100 BSTB).

Nh hnh 3.11 tr lng dau Viet Nam

c tang hang nam rat nhanh ke t nam

1988 sau khi phat hien dau trong mong nt

ne trc e Tam mo Bach Ho. Nam 1988tr lng c tnh vao khoang 113 trieu tan

(860 BSTB) dau co kha nang thu hoi (thuhoi c ban). Sau thi gian tren 10 nam ac bo sung vao nguon tr lng khoang289 trieu tan nang tong so tr lng dau en31-12-2004 at 402 trieu tan. Cung trongcung thi ky a khai thac 169,94 trieu tanchiem 42% con lai 232,06 trieu tan. Trongso tr lng con lai, tr lng a va angphat trien la 200,4 trieu tan (~80%) 9 moang khai thac (ke ca mo dau-kh), so conlai chuan b phat trien trong thi gian ti.Tr lng dau tap trung chu yeu be Cu

Long chiem ti 86% (khoang 340,8 trieutan) tr lng dau Viet Nam, trong o tr

Hnh 3.10a.Phan bo tr lng kh cac khu vc tren The Gii

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Nghntm

3

Trung

ong

Chau Au

vaA-Au

Chau Phi Chau A-

TBD

Bac My Nam va

Trung My

Hnh 3.10b. Phan bo tr lng kh cac nc khu vc Chau A- Thai Bnh Dng

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Nghntm3

Indonesia U

c

Malaysia

TrungQuoc A

no

Pakistan

ThaiLan

PapuaNew

Guinea

VietNam

Myanmar

Brunei

Bangladesh




45/491

49


lng dau t mong nt ne trc e Tam la262 trieu tan chiem 63% tong tr lng daucua Viet Nam (Hnh 3.12). Theo qui mo moco 7 mo co tr lng tren 13 trieu tan (>100MMSTB) chiem 80% tr lng dau thuocmo dau co qui mo ln - khong lo, trong omo dau Bach Ho co tr lng tren 190 trieu

tan (~56%) be Cu Long la mo ln nhat them luc a Viet Nam (Hnh 3.13). Da

tren gii han chat lng dau gia 22ova 31oAPI theo phan loai cua Hoi ngh nang lngthe gii (WEC), dau cua cac mo ang khaithac them luc a Viet Nam chu yeu thuocloai nhe co ty trong t 38oen 40,2oAPI, laloai dau ngot co ham lng lu huynh ratthap (0,03-0,09%TL), sach (ham lng cac

chat gay nhiem nh V, Ni, N thap), co nhieuparafin (ham lng parafin ran 15-28%TL),

Hinh 3.11. Bieu o tang trng tr lng va dau tai cho theo nam

0

200

400

600800

1000

1200

1400

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Dutich,

trlng(triutn)

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

180.00

Dukhaithc

(triutn

Tr lng Du ti ch Du khai thc cng dn

Hnh 3.12. Phan bo tr lng dau theo cac be

Cu Long

340.8(85%)

MLTh Chu31.1(8%)

Nam Cn Sn30.1(7%)

Oli+Mio (CL)78.8

(20%)

Mng(CL)262

(65%)




46/491

50


co iem chay rat cao (22-36o C).4.2. Xu the nguon tr lng bo sung

Mac du san lng khai thac tang nhanh

trong thi gian qua t 5,5 trieu tan (nam1992) len 20,34 trieu tan (nam 2004),nhng tr lng van duy tr tang cao hnsan lng khai thac, ieu o cho thay sthanh cong tham do gia tang tr lng buap c khoi lng dau a khai thac (Hnh3.11). S thanh cong trong viec gia tang trlng la do Nha nc a co chnh sach thuhut au t nc ngoai nham ay manh va

m rong hoat ong tham do ra cac vungmi co tiem nang va s thanh cong trongtham do, tham lng gia tang tr lng cac mo a phat hien cung nh cac moa phat trien vi s tang tr lng trongthi gian qua t cac mo a phat hien chiemkhoang 45% tr lng c bo sung. ongthi giai phap tang he so thu hoi dau (bm

ep nc duy tr ap suat va) cung a cnghien cu ap dung lan au mo Bach Ho

va sau o c trien khai cac mo khacnh: ai Hung, Rong, Rang ong va ST en a gop phan ang ke tang nguontr lng bo sung. ac trng cua cong tac

tham do dau kh la vi mc o rui ro cao,ngay ca nhng mo a phat trien van conco rui ro, bi vay s thanh cong tham dogia tang tr lng chang nhng phu thuocvao s hieu biet cac oi tng t cac thongtin thu c t khoan tham lng va phattrien, ma con phu thuoc vao ap dung cacgiai phap cong nghe mi trong tham do ac

biet la cong nghe thu no, x ly, minh giaitai lieu a chan 3D (PSDM, AVO, AVD,SI...) e lam ro cau truc a chat cua cacoi tng tham do. o chnh la cha khoacho s thanh cong trong tham do gia tangtr lng trong tng lai.4.3. Phat trien va khai thac dau

Tat ca tr lng dau cua cac mo c

phat hien cho en thi iem hien tai eu them luc a di 200m nc. Phat trien

Hnh 3.13. Qui mo tr lng cac mo dau Viet Nam

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Trlng(triutn)

BchH

S

Ten

Rng

ng

Rng

Ruby

iHng

STVng

BungaRaya

BK-C

iNc

CNg

Vng

Phng

ng

Topa

zNorth

Da

BaV

Ng

cHin

ThanhLong

CCh

PhTn

KimCngTy

Diamond

VoiTrng

N

mCn

NW

.Raya




47/491

51


va khai thac cac mo ngoai khi oi hoi snghien cu chuyen mon trong tham do,tham lng, phat trien va khai thac mo.Tr lng va kha nang khai thac cua gieng

khoan can thiet cho viec xac nh gia tr tihan (ngng) e xac nh chi ph au t, vanhanh va thi gian keo dai cua e an moitrng ngoai khi. Cong nghiep khai thacdau ngoai khi Viet Nam a c bat au,m rong va tang trng nhanh t 0,04 trieutan/nam (1986) len 20,34 trieu tan/nam vaonam 2004 (Hnh 3.14). Sau 5 nam thanh lap

(1981-1986), XNLD Vietsovpetro a amo dau au tien (mo Bach Ho) be CuLong them luc a pha Nam Viet Nam vaokhai thac t thang 6 nam 1986, anh dauthanh tu to ln s hp tac gia Viet Namva Lien Xo cu, m au nganh cong nghiepkhai thac dau kh tren bien cua Viet Nam.T nam 1988 sau khi phat hien va a vao

khai thac dau trong mong phong hoa nt netrc e Tam cua mo Bach Ho, san lngkhai thac dau tho hang nam cua XNLDVietsovpetro noi rieng va cua nganh daukh noi chung tang len khong ngng. T

nam 1988 en 2004 ngoai mo Bach Ho ac a vao khai thac t giai oan trc,Tong cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam cung vicac nha thau a phat trien va a vao khai

thac nhieu mo dau mi. Sau 18 thang kyhp ong PSC nha ieu hanh BHP a amo ai Hung vao khai thac sm (10-1994),XNLD Vietsovpetro a mo dau th 2(mo Rong) vao khai thac thang 12-1994.Mo Bunga Kekwa - Cai Nc a vao khaithac thang 7-1997 la ket qua cua s hptac gia Petrovietnam va Petronas vi nha

ieu hanh IPC vung thoa thuan thngmai (CAA) gia hai nc Viet Nam vaMalaysia. Tiep theo nha thau JVPC (lo 15-2) a a mo Rang ong vao khai thac 8-1998 va cung nam nay Petronas Carigali aa mo Hong Ngoc (lo 01) vao khai thac.Trong nhng nam au bc sang thien nienky mi, Cong ty ieu hanh chung Cu Long

JOC a phat trien mo S T en va avao khai thac t thang 10-2003, anh daus thanh cong cua hnh thc hp ong JOCau tien Viet Nam. Tong san lng khaithac dau en het 2004 la 169,94 trieu tan

Hnh 3.14. Bieu o khai thac dau hang nam va cong don t au

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Snlngdukh

aithchng

nm(triutn)

0.00

20.00

40.0060.00

80.00100.00

120.00140.00

160.00

180.00

Dukhaithctu(triutn)

Sn lng khai thc du hng nm

Sn lng du khai thc t mng trc Tam

Tng du khai thc t u

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Snlngdukh

aithchng

nm(triutn)

0.00

20.00

40.0060.00

80.00100.00

120.00140.00

160.00

180.00

Dukhaithctu(triutn)

Sn lng khai thc du hng nm

Sn lng du khai thc t mng trc Tam

Tng du khai thc t u




48/491

52


(~1300 trieu thung) visan lng khai thachien tai khoang 60 nghn tan/ngay (460nghn thung/ngay), trong o tong san lngdau khai thac t mong nt ne trc e Tam

la 139,63 trieu tan chiem 82% tong lngdau a khai thac. Vi tr lng dau conlai van co the duy tr mc san lng khaithac nh nam 2004 trong mot thi gian t5 en 7 nam, sau o san lng se dan dangiam xuong, tuy nhien thi gian khai thaccon co the duy tr keo dai c khoang 15nam na.

Cac mo dau ang khai thac themluc a Viet Nam eu c phat trien vakhai thac dau trong a cha cat ket thuoca tang Miocen, Oligocen va oi tnga mong phong hoa nt ne trc e Tam,trong o mong nt ne trc e Tam la oitng khai thac chnh cac mo: Bach Ho,Rong, Rang ong, Hong Ngoc va S T

en-S T Vang thuoc be Cu Long. Hauhet cac mo dau a va ang c thiet kekhai thac ban au che o nang lng tnhien an hoi cua dau va kh hoa tan. enang cao he so thu hoi dau, lan au tienmo Bach Ho a ap dung giai phap bm epnc duy tr ap suat va ca 2 oi tng catket Miocen, Oligocen va ac biet mong ntne. Cong nghe khai thac th cap (bm epnc) a cho phep gia tang ang ke thu hoidau so vi khai thac s cap n thuan ch sdung nang lng t nhien cua va, he so thuhoi dau cuoi cung co the at ti 0,35 - 0,4theo cac phng an phat trien mo Bach Hoa c phe duyet va trien khai. Chnh vvay giai phap bm ep nc duy tr ap suatva a lan lt c ap dung m rong cac

mo: ai Hung, Rong, Rang ong va moS T en - S T Vang.

Vi quan iem phat trien nhanh, linhhoat he thong thiet b khai thac c lachon ap dung phu thuoc vao o sau ncbien, qui mo mo... He thong khai thac gian

co nh (gian au gieng, x ly), hoan thienau gieng be mat va tau cha/x ly dau(FSO/FPSO) a c ap dung e khai thaccac mo co o sau nc bien t 40-70 m.Thc te cho thay he thong nay to ra khathch hp, hieu qua oi vi cac mo vungnc nong be Cu Long (mo Bach Ho,Rong, Hong Ngoc, Rang ong, S T en)

va be Malay -Tho Chu (Bunga Kekwa- Cai Nc, Bunga Raya, Bunga Seroja).Duy nhat mo ai Hung vung nc sautren 100 m a s dung he thong khai thacnoi di ong (Mobile Offshore ProductionUnit/Floating Production Unit), ket noi vicac gieng khai thac c hoan thien bangau gieng ngam ay bien (subsea well

completion), ng ong dan mem va taucha xuat dau noi FSO e phat trien khaithac sm phan pha Bac cua mo.

He thong nay tuy linh hoat va a movao khai thac nhanh song cong viec sacha, bao dng (workover) trong gienggap nhieu kho khan hn, cha ke cac ruiro tiem anve an toan.Kinh nghiem khaithac dau tren the gii cho thay cac gian conh bao am khai thac mo an toan hn mavan kinh te ngay ca o sau nc bien entren 200 m. Bi vaytrong tng lai can cannhac gia giai phap gian co nh va giannoi (ban chm) e phat trien khai thac cacmo co o nc sau tng t mo ai Hung be Nam Con Sn.

e co the gi on nh trong thi gian

dai vi mc khai thac khoang 50-60 nghntan/ngay (400-450 nghn thung/ngay)




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53


Petrovietnam cung vi nha thau ay manhphat trien m rong cac mo ang khai thacva sm a cac mo mi vao khai thac. Motso e an phat trien mi a cam ket hoacang trong giai oan au anh gia ky thuat-thng mai. Trong tng lai khai thac daungoai khi Viet Nam so lng mo nho,hay con goi la mo bien tren goc o kinh tengay cang tang. e khai thac hieu qua cac

mo nay, he thong khai thac can nghien cuap dung theo quan iem (concept) thiet b/

gian toi thieu vi cac kieu gian nhe au

gieng va mot tau noi co cong suat thch hp

cho cha/x ly/xuat dau (FPSO). ong thi

ay manh cong tac nghien cu ap dung cac

giai phap tang cng thu hoi dau sau khi a

ap dung khai thac th cap, ac biet cho cac

oi tng mong nt ne trc e Tam cua

cac mo dau be Cu Long ang la van e

cc ky cap thiet khi san lng cac mo naybat au suy giam nhanh.

Hnh 3.15. Mat cat ien hnh qua mo dau-kh them luc a Viet Nam (theo Lundin)

km




50/491

54


5. Phan bo tr lng kh

Tnh en 31-12-2004 co 27 mo kh cphat hien, chu yeu them luc a di 200mnc, ch co mo kh Tien Hai C va D14 at lien thuoc MVHN (ke ca mot so mokh cung vi cac mo dau nh: mo Bunga

Kekwa, S T Trang...). Cac mo kh-daunay la cac than kh t nhien c tch tucung cac than dau trong mot bay hoac cacthan cha chu yeu la dau va mu kh cuacau tao ma trc ay cho la mo dau (Hnh3.15). Vi muc ch bao cao tr lng khch a vao cac mo co tr lng thu hoi ticung d tnh (EUR) ln hn 0,9 ty m3oi

vi cac mo at lien (mo kh Tien Hai Cang khai thac) va cac mo them luc aco tr lng ln hn 1,8 ty m3 gan cac moa phat trien (mo Hoa Mai ang anh giae a vao phat trien). T nam 1990 cokhoang 370 ty m3 kh thien nhien co khanang thu hoi a c phat hien bo sung atong so tr lng kh len 394,7 ty m3, trong

o tr lng kh khong ong hanh la 324.8ty m3va kh ong hanh la 69,9 ty m3. Cung

trong cung thi gian a phat hien c 23mo kh ngoai khi va 1 mo kh at lien.Do cac phat hien kh cua cac hp ong daukh ky nam 1988 va 1992 ma nha thau thchien trong cac chien dch tham do, tr lngkh (d kien thu hoi kh c ban vi he so thu

hoi kh cua mo khoang 70%) tang ot biensau khi phat hien 2 mo kh Lan Tay-Lano trong nam 1992, mo Rong oi (1994)va Hai Thach (1995). Hnh 3.16 minh hoatr lng kh thien nhien bo sung tang lent nam 1975-2004.

Trong so 27 mo co tr lng ap ngc ieu kien neu tren ch co 5 mo kh co

tr lng > 30 ty m3(>1 TCF) chiem khoang40% tr lng kh. Kch thc mo va trlng phat hien minh hoa hnh 3.17.5.1. Kh khong ong hanh

be Nam Con Sn kh khong onghanh c phat hien 9 mo vi 159,3 tym3 chiem 40% tr lng kh, be MalayTho Chu co 13 mo kh, 2 mo kh-dau vi

tr lng 138,2 ty m3chiem 35%, be SongHong ke ca phan at lien (MVHN) phat

Hnh 3.16. Bieu o tang trng tr lng kh theo nam

0

10

20

30

4050

60

70

80

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Trlngtheonm(

tm3)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Tngtrlng

(tm3)

Tr lng kh pht hin hng nm Tng tr lng kh




51/491

55


hien 1 mo kh vnh Bac Bo va 2 mo kh at lien vi tr lng 7,5 ty m3ch chiem2% tong tr lng kh, be Cu Long co 2mo dau kh vi tr lng 19,8 ty m3chiem5% (Hnh 3.18). Qua cac so lieu cho thaybe Nam Con Sn co tr lng kh ln nhatvi nhieu mo co qui mo ln, be Malay-Tho

Chu phat hien nhieu mo nhat va co nhieumo nho. Tr lng kh cua cac mo kh a

phat trien, ang khai thac va a vao kehoach phat trien trong vai nam ti khoang250 ty m3(chiem khoang 63%).5.2. Kh ong hanh

Kh ong hanh phan bo chu yeu beCu Long vi tr lng 58,4 ty m3 (15%)tap trung trong cac mo dau ln: Bach Ho,Rang ong, Hong Ngoc va cac mo dau-kh:

Hnh 3.17. Phan bo cac mo kh theo qui mo tr lng

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

Trlng(Tm

3)

LanTay

KimLong

AcQuy

HaiThach

Rongoi

Emerald

STTrang

MocTinh

CaVoi

ThanhLong

Lano

BungaOrkid

N.Pakma

BungaC

KhanhMy H

RongVai

ThienNga

Bunga

amDi

UMinh

HoaMai

Vangen

D14

TienHai

Hnh 3.18. Phan bo tr lng kh theo cac be

MLTh Chu

11.5(3%)

Kh ng hnh

69.9

(18%)

Cu Long

58.4

(15%)

Cu Long

19.8

(5%)Nam Cn Sn

159.3

(40%)

Sng Hng

7.5

(2%)

MLTh Chu

138.2

(35%)

Cu Long Nam Cn Sn Sng Hng MLTh Chu




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56


Emerald, S T Trang. Ngoai ra mot lngkh ong hanh rat nho (3%) con phan botrong cac mo kh-dau nh: Bunga Kekwa-Cai Nc, Bunga Raya thuoc be Malay

Tho Chu.5.3. Tr lng condensat

Tr lng condensat a vaohydrocarbon the long trong ieu kien onnh da tren khoi lng thu hoi tiem nangt C5 va C5+ cua tong tr lng kh khaithac t cac e an cung cap kh hien co vacac e an a khang nh trong tng lai bao

gom cac mo Lan Tay-Lan o, Rong oi-Rong oi Tay, Hai Thach va Emerald. Trlng condensat ti 31-12-2004 khoang 18trieu tan, tap trung chu yeu cac mo cuabe Nam Con Sn va Cu Long.5.4. Xu the bo sung tr lng kh thien

nhien

Tr lng kh thien nhien tang nhanhtrong thi gian qua chng to s thanh congto ln trong cong tac tham do. Trong 14nam qua (1990 2004) a phat hien c24 mo kh, bnh quan tang khoang 26 ty m3/nam t cac mo mi va tham lng cac phathien. Hau het cac mo c phat hien t cacvung tham do mi thuoc cac hp ong daukh lan au, ch co mot so t mo c phat

hien trong cac vung a tham do c giaothau lan 2. S bo sung tr lng kh conlai nh hng trong tng lai mot phan lado tang trng cua cac mo phu thuoc vaoket qua khoan tham lng va phat trien motren c s ket qua nghien cu tot hn vea chat, a vat ly va cong nghe mo, phancon lai chu yeu hy vong phat hien cac mo

kh mi cac vung tham do mi cua cacbe Song Hong, Phu Khanh, T Chnh-Vung

May va cac dang bay phi cau tao, bay honhp cac vung a tham do thuoc be NamCon Sn, Cu Long va Malay-Tho Chu.Cung vi s bo sung tang trng tr lng

kh thien nhien tr lng condensat cung sec tang, ac biet cac be Nam Con Sn,Song Hong ni cac mo thng o sau lnvi ieu kien nhiet o va ap suat va caonen tr lng condensat se tang ang ke cac be nay. Ngoai ra Viet Nam con phathien mot so mo kh khong lo pha Nam beSong Hong, nhng co ham lng kh CO2

rat cao (>60-90%) nen cha a vao thongke tr lng hien tai. V vay viec nghiencu cac giai phap cong n

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Giáo trình Địa chất và tài nguyên dầu khí Việt Nam