Chng I MT S KHI NIM C BN CA TIN HCTit PPCT: 01 Bi 1: TIN HC L MT
NGNH KHOA HCI. MC TIU:1. Kin thc: Bit tin hc l mt ngnh khoa hc: c i
tng, ni dung v ph.php nghin cu ring. Bit my tnh va l i tng nghin
cu, va l cng c. Bit c s pht trin mnh m ca tin hc do nhu cu ca x hi
. Bit cc c trng u vit ca my tnh. Bit c mt s ng dng ca tin hc v MTT
trong cc hot ng ca i sng.2. Thi : To tin cho hc sinh ham thch hc mn
Tin hc.II. CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n, tranh nh T chc hot ng theo nhm.Hc
sinh: Sch gio khoa, v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG DY- HC:1. n nh t
chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Bi miHot ng 1: Gii thiu s hnh thnh v pht
trin ca Tin hcNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhI.
Shnhthnhvpht trinca Tin hc:Tin hc l mt ngnh khoa hc mi hnh
thnhnhngctcphttrin mnh m v ng lc cho s pht trin l do nhu cu khai
thc ti nguyn thng tin ca con ngi.Tin hc dn hnh thnh v pht trin tr
thnh mt ngnh khoa hc c lp, vi ni dung, mctiu, phngphp
nghincumangcthring. Mt trongnhngcthl qutrnh nghin cu v trin khai cc
ng dng khng tch ri vi vic pht trin v s dng my tnh in t.t vn :Cc
emnghe rt nhiu v Tin hc nhng n thc cht lg th tachacbit hoc nhng hiu
bit v n l rt t. VyTinhcctbaogi, thuc ngnh no? Choccnhmnuccpht minh
tiu biu ca nhn loi qua ccgiai onpht trinxhi loi ngi. GV gii thiu
tranh nh lch s pht trin x hi loi ngi. Choccnhmtho lun tm hiu cch lu
tr v x l thng tin t trc khi c MTT. Tdndt HSbit cdo u m ngnh Tin hc
hnh thnh v pht trin? ChoHStholun, tmhiu: Hc tin hc l hc nhng vn g?
v c g khc bit so vi hc nhng mn hc khc? Cc nhm tho lun v pht biu: la
> vn minh NNmyhi nc>vnminh CN MTT > vn minh T.Tin Cc nhm
tho lun v pht biu: khc trn , vit trn giy, Do nhu cu khai thc thng
tin.HS a ra kin: hc s dng MTT hc lp trnh, ..Hot ng 2: Cc c tnh v
vai tr ca my tnh in tNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhII.
ctnhvvai trcamytnh in t:Mts c tnh gip mytnhtr thnh cng c hini vkhng
th thiu trong cuc sng ca chng ta: MT c th lm vic 24 gi/ngy m t
vn:Trc sbngn thng tin hin nay my tnh c coi nh l mt cng c khng th
thiu ca con ngi. Nh vy MTTc nhng tnh nng u vit nh th no?Trng THPT
Trn Bin GV: V Long1khng mt mi. Tc x l thng tin nhanh, chnh xc. MT c
th lu tr mt lng thng tin ln trong mt khng gian hn ch. Cc my tnh c
nhn c th lin kt vi nhau thnh mt mng v c th chia s d liu gia cc my
vi nhau. My tnh ngy cng gn nh, tin dng v ph bin.Vai tr:BanuMTrai vi
mcchcho tnh tonn thun, dn dn nkhng ngng c ci tin v h tr hoc thay th
hon ton con ngi trong rt nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. Choccnhmtholuntm
hiunhngctnhcaMTT m cc em bit.GV b sung.GV minh ho cc c tnh.Cho HS
nu cc ng dng ca MTT vo cc lnh vc khc nhau trong i sng.GV minh hoa,
b sung thm. Tng nhmtrnh by kin. HS tho lun, a ra kin:yt, giodc,
giaothng, Hot ng 3: Gii thiu thut ng Tin hcNi dung Hot ng ca Gio
vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhIII. Thut ng Tin hc: Mt sthut ngTinhccs dng l:
Informatique Informatics Computer ScienceKhi nim tin hc: (SGK)GV
gii thiu mt s thut ng tin hc ca mt s nc.HS c SGKHot ng 4: Cng c kin
thcNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh GVnhn mnh thmkhi nim
tin hc theo cc kha cnh:+Vicnghin cucngngh ch to, hon thin my tnh
cng thuc lnh vc tin hc. + Cn hiu tin hc theo ngha va s dng my tnh,
va pht trin my tnh chkhng n thun xem my tnh ch l cng c.4. BI TP V
NH: Bi 1,2,3,5 SGK c trc bi "Thng tin v d liu".5.RT KINH
NGHIM:................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long2Tit PPCT: 02 Bi 2: THNG TIN V D LIUI. MC
TIU:Kin thc: Bit khi nim thng tin, lng TT, cc dng TT, m ho TT cho
my tnh. Bit cc dng biu din thng tin trong my tnh. Hiu n v o thng
tin l bit v cc bi ca bitK nng: Bc u m ho c thng tin n gin thnh dy
bit. Hc sinh hnh dung r hn v cch nhn bit, lu tr, x l thng tin ca my
tnh.Thi : Kch thch s tm ti hc hi tin hc nhiu hn.II. CHUN B:Gio vin:
Gio n, cc tranh nh, ti liu lin quanHc sinh: SGK, v ghi. c bi
trc.III. HOT NG DY- HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi
c: Hi: Mc tiu ca ngnh khoa hc tin hc l g?p: Pht trin v s dng my tnh
in t nghin cu, x l thng tin.3. Bi mi Hot ng 1: Gii thiu khi nim
thng tin v d liuNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhI. Khi
nim thng tin v d liu: Thng tin ca mt thc th l nhng hiu bit c th c c
v thc th .V d: BnHoa 16tui, nng 50Kg, hc gii, chm ngoan, l thng tin
v Hoa.D liu l thng tin c a vo my tnh.t vn : i tng nghin cu ca
TinhclthngtinvMTT. Vy thng tin l g? n c a vo trong my tnh ntn? T
chc cc nhm nu mt s v d v thng tin.Mun a thng tin vo trong my tnh,
con ngi phi tm cch biu din thng tin sao cho my tnh c th nhn bit v x
l c. Ccnhmtholunv pht biu: Nhitem b400Ccho ta bit em b ang b st.
Nhngmmy en trn bu tri bohiumt cn ma sp n.Hot ng 2: Gii thiu n v o
thng tinNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhII. n v o thng
tin:n v c bn o lng thng tin lbit(vit tt ca Binary Digital). l lng
TT va xc nh chc chnmtskin c hai trng thi v kh nng xut hin ca 2 trng
thi l nh nhau.Trong tin hc, thut ng bitthng dngch phnnhnht cab
nhmytnhlutrmt trong hai k hiu l 0 v 1. Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn dng cc n
v c bn khc o thng tin:t vn : Mun MT nhn bit c mt s vt no ta cn cung
cp cho nyTTvitngny. C nhngTTlunmt trong2trng thi. Do vy ngi ta ngh
ra n v bit biu din TT trong MT.Cho HS nu 1 s VD v cc thng tinch xut
hin vi 1 trong 2 trng thi.Hng dn HS biu din trng thi dy 8 bng n bng
dy bit, vi qui c: S=1, T=0. 1B (Byte) = 8 bit 1KB (kilo byte)= 1024
B 1MB= 1024 KB 1GB= 1024 MB 1TB= 1024 GB 1PB= 1024 TB HS tho lun, a
ra kt qu: cng tc bng n gii tnh con ngiCc nhm t a ra trng thi dy bng
n v dy bit tng ng.Hot ng 3: Gii thiu cc dng thng tinTrng THPT Trn
Bin GV: V Long3Ni dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhIII. Cc
dng thng tin:C th phn loi TT thnh loi s (snguyn, sthc, ) vphi s (vn
bn, hnh nh, ).Mt s dng TT phi s: Dng vn bn: bo ch, sch,v Dng
hnhnh:bctranhv, nh chp, bng hnh, Dngmthanh: ting ni, ting chim ht,
Chocc nhmnuVDv cc dng thng tin. Mi nhmtm1 dng.GV minh ho thm 1 s
tranh nh. CcnhmdavoSGK v t tmthmnhng VD khc.Hot ng 4: Cng c cc kin
thc hcNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh Trong tng lai, my
tnh c kh nng x l cc dng thng tin mi khc. Tuy TTc nhiu dng khc nhau,
nhnguclutrv xl trongmytnhch mt dng chung m nh phn.GV hng dn HS thy
c hng pht trin ca tin hc. 4. BI TP V NH: Bi 1, 2 SGK Cho mt vi v d
v thng tin. Cho bit dng ca thng tin ? c tip bi "Thng tin v d
liu"5.RT KINH
NGHIM:................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long4Tit PPCT: 03 Bi 2: THNG TIN V D LIU (tt)I.
MC TIU:Kin thc: Bit m ho thng tin cho my tnh. Bit cc dng biu din
thng tin trong my tnh. Bit cc h m c s 2, 16 trong biu din thng
tin.K nng: Bc u bit m ho thng tin n gin thnh dy bit.Thi : Kch thch
s tm ti hc hi ca hc sinh. II. CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n, bng m ASCII. T
chc hot ng nhm. Hc sinh: SGK, v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG DY- HC:1.
n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi c:Hi: Nu cc dng thng tin.
Cho v d.p: Dng s, vn bn, m thanh, hnh nh, 3. Bi mi Hot ng 1: Gii
thiu th no l M ho thng tin trong my tnhNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin
Hot ng ca Hc sinhIV. Mhothngtintrongmy tnh:Mun my tnh x l c, thng
tin phi c bin i thnh mt dy bit. Cch bin i nh vy gi l mt cch m ho
thng tin. m ho TT dng vn bn dng bng m ASCII gm 256 k t c nh s t 0..
255, s hiu ny c gi l m ASCII thp phn ca k t. Nu dng dy 8 bit
biudinth gi l m ASCII nh phn ca k t.tvn:TTl mt khi nim tru tng m my
tnh khng th x l trc tip, n phi c chuyni thnhcck hium MTc th hiu v
xl. Vic chuyn i gi l m ho thng tin. GVgii thiubngmASCII v hng dn m
ho mt vi thng tin n gin.+ Dy bng n: TSSTSTTS > 01101001.+ V d: K
t A M thp phn: 65 M nh phn l: 01000001 .Cho cc nhm tho lun tm m thp
phn v nh phn ca mt s k t . Cc nhm tra bng m ASCII v a ra kt qu.Hot
ng 2: Tm hiu cch biu din thng tin trong my tnh.Ni dung Hot ng ca
Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhV. Biudinthngtintrongmy tnh: 1. Thng tin
loi s:a) H m: L tp hp cc k hiu v qui tc s dng tp k hiu biu din v xc
nh gi tr cc s. C h m ph thuc v tr v h m khng ph thuc v tr.H thp
phn: K hiu: 0, 1, 2, , 9.Gitrcamichsphthuc Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V
Long5vo v tr ca n trong biu din.Qui tc: Mi n v 1 hng bt k c gi tr
bng 10 n v ca hng k cn bn phi.b) Cc h m thng dng trong Tin hc: H nh
phn: (c s 2) ch dng 2 k hiu l ch s 0 v 1.Vd:10112=1.23+0.22+1.21+
1.20 = 1110. H 16: (h Hexa ): s dng cc k hiu: 0, 1, , 9, A, B, C,
D, E, F trong A, B, C, D, E, F c cc gi tr tng ng l 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15 trong h thp phn.V d: 2AC16= 2.162+10.161+ 12.160 = 684c) Biu
din s nguyn: Biu din s nguyn vi 1 Byte nh sau:7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0cc bit
cao cc bit thp Bit 7 (bit du) dng xc nh s nguyn l m hay dng. Qui c:
1 du m, 0 du dng.2. Thng tin loi phi s: Vn bn. Cc dng khc: (hnh nh,
m thanh )Nguyn l m ho nh phn:Thngtincnhiudngkhcnhau nh s, vn bn,
hnh nh, m thanh Khi a vo my tnh, chng u cbini thnhdngchung dybit.
Dybit lmnh phn ca thng tin m n biu din. Cho HS vit 1 s di dng s La
M. Hng dn HSnhnxt c im 2 h m.V d: 355 (ch s 5 hng n v ch 5 n v,
trong khi ch s 5 hng chc ch 50 n v).C nhiu h m khc nhau nn mun phn
bit s c biu din hm nongi ta vitcs lm ch s di ca s .GV gii thiu mt s
h m v hngdncchchuyni gia cc h m.Thp phn nh phn h 16? Hy biu din cc
s sau sang h thp phn: 1001112, 4BA16. Tu vo ln ca s nguyn mngi
tacthly1byte, 2 byte hay 4 byte biu din. Trong phmvi bi nytach i xt
s nguyn vi 1byte. xl thngtinloi phi s cng phi m ho chng thnh cc dy
bit.Cc nhm nu mt s v d.XXX = 30, XXXV = 35MMVI = 2006 HmLam: khngph
thuc v tr.H m thp phn: ph thuc v tr. Cc nhm thc hnh chuyn i gia cc
h m.Hot ng 3: Cng c cc kin thc hcGV cho HS nhc
li:Cchbiudinthngtintrong my tnh. Cch chuyn i gia cc h m: Hnh phn,
hthpphn, hexaHS nhc li4. BI TP V NH: Bi 2, 3, 4, 5 SGK.5.RT KINH
NGHIM:................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long6Tit PPCT: 04 BTTH 1 LM QUEN VI THNG TIN V M
HO THNG TINI. MC TIU:Kin thc: Cng c hiu bit ban u v tin hc, my tnh.
S dng b m ASCII m ho xu k t, s nguyn.K nng: Bit m ho nhng thng tin
n gin thnh dy bit. Vit c s thc di dng du phy ng.Thi : Rn luyn thi
lm vic nghim tc.II. CHUN B:Gio vin: Hc sinh:Sch gio khoa, v ghi. Lm
bi tp.III. HOT NG DY- HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra
bi c:Hi: Nu nguyn l m ho nh phn?p: Thng tin khi a vo my tnh phi c
bin i thnh m nh phn.3. Bi mi Hot ng 1: Cng c khi nim thng tin v my
tnhNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh1.1. Hy chn nhng khng
nh ng trong cc khng nh sau : 2. a. Mytnhcththayth hon ton cho con
ngi trong lnh vc tnh ton.3.b. Hc tin hc l hc s dng my tnh.4. c. My
tnh l sn phm tr tu ca con ngi.5.d. Mt ngi pht trin ton dintrongx hi
hini khngth thiu hiu bit v tin hc.2. Trong cc ng thc sau y, nhng ng
thc no l ng?a. 1KB = 1000 byteb. 1KB = 1024 bytec. 1MB = 1000000
byte3. C 10 hsinh xp hng ngang chp nh. Em hy dng 10 bit biu din
thng tin cho bit mi v tr trong hng l bn nam hay bn n.4. Hy nu mt vi
v d v thng tin. Vi mi thng tin hy cho bit dng ca n.Chia cc nhm tho
lun v gi HS bt k trong nhm tr li. GV nhn mnh :+ chnh xc: 1 KB = 210
B+ nhng i khi ngi ta ly:1 KB = 1000 BGVcho HSthay i qui c Nam / N,
t thay i dy bitGi HSbt k trongmi nhm cho VD, c lp nhn xt. i din tr
li1. Tr li: c, d.2. Tr li:b.3. Qui c: Nam:0, n:1 Ta c dy bit:
1001101011 HS tr liHot ng 2: Hng dn s dng bng m ASCII m ho v gii
mNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh1. Chuyn cc xu k t sau
thnh dng m nh phn: VN, Tin.2. Dy bit Hng dn xemph lc cui SGK gii.
Gi 1 HS ln bng gii HS tr li.1. VN tng ng vi dy bit:
0101011001001110 Tin tng ng dy bit: 0101010001101001 Trng THPT Trn
Bin GV: V Long701001000 01101111 01100001tng ng l m ASCII ca dy k t
no?3.Pht biuNgnngmytnhl ngnngnh phnlnghaysai? Hy gii thch.Gi HS ng
ti ch tr li.011011102. Dy bit cho tng ng l m ASCII ca dy k t: Hoa3.
ng, v cc thit b in t trong my tnh ch hot ng theo 1 trong 2 trng
thi.Hot ng 3:Hng dn cch biu din s nguyn v s thcNi dung Hot ng ca
Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh1. m ho s nguyn 27 cn dng t nht bao nhiu
byte?2.Vit cc s thc sau y di dng du phy ng11005; 25,879; 0,000984
Gi HS tr li1.mhos27cn1 byte.2.11005=0.11005x 105
25,879=0.25879x1020,000984 =0.984x 103Hot ng 4: Cng c cch m ho thng
tinCho HS nhc li: Cch m ho v gii m xu k t v s nguyn.CchcbngmASCII,
phn bit m tp phn v m hexaHS nhc li4. BI TP V NH: c trc bi Gii thiu
v my tnh.5.RT KINH
NGHIM:........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long8Tit PPCT: 05 GII THIU V MY TNHI. MC TIU:Kin
thc: Bit chc nng cc thit b chnh ca my tnh. Bit my tnh lm vic theo
nguyn l J. Von Neumann.K nng: Nhn bit c cc b phn chnh ca my tnh.Thi
: HS thc c vic mun s dng tt my tnh cn c hiu bit v n v phi rn luyn
tc phong lm vic khoa hc, chun xc.II. CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n, tranh
nh, mt s thit b my tnh. T chc hot ng nhm.Hc sinh:Sch gio khoa, v
ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG DY-HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2.
Kim tra bi c:Hi: K tn cc n v o thng tin?p: bit, byte, KB, MB, GB,
TB, PB.3. Bi mi Hot ng 1: Gii thiu khi nim v h thng tin hcNi dung
Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhI.Khi nim h thng tin hc:H thng
tin hc dng nhp, x l, xut, truyn v lu tr thng tin. Hthngtinhcgm3thnh
phn: Phn cng (Hardware): gm my tnh v mt s thit b lin
quan.Phnmm(Software): gmcc chng trnh. Chng trnh l mt dy lnh, mi lnh
l mt ch dn cho my tnh bit thao tc cn thc hin. S qun l v iu khin ca
con ngi.Cho HS tho lun vn : Mun mytnhhot ngcphi c nhng thnh phn
no?Gii thch: Phncng: cc thit b lin quan: mn hnh, chut, CPU, Phnmm:
ccchngtrnh tin ch: Word, Excel,Squnlviukhinca conngi: con ngi lm
vic v sdngmy tnh chomc ch cng vic ca mnh. Cho cc nhm tho lun: trong
3 thnh phn trn thnh phn no l quan trng nht?Cc nhm ln bng trnh by. T
chc cc nhm tho lun v a ra cu tr li. con ngiHot ng 2: Gii thiu S cu
trc ca mt my tnh.Ni dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhII.
Scutrc ca mt my tnh.Cutrcchungcamytnhbao gm: Bxl trung tm, b nh
trong, b nh ngoi, cc thit b vo/ ra.Hot ng ca my tnh c m t qua s
sau: (tranh v sn). Cho cc nhm tm hiu v cc b phn ca my tnh v chc nng
c th ca chng. GV thng k, phn loi cc b phn. M t s hot ng ca MTT qua
tranh nh. Ch cho HS tng b phn trn my tnh v ng thi nu ra chc nng ca
tng b phn. Ccnhmtholunvln bng trnh by.BonhngoaiBoxl
trungtamBonhtrongBoieukhienBosohoc/logicThiet bra Thiet bvaoHot ng
3: Gii thiu mt s b phn chnh ca my tnhTrng THPT Trn Bin GV: V
Long9III. B x l trung tm ( CPU Central Processing
Unit).CPUlthnhphnquantrngnht ca my tnh, l thit b chnh thc hin v iu
khin vic thc hin chng trnh. CPU gm 2 b phn chnh: B iu khin CU
(Control Unit): iu khin cc b phn khc lm vic. B s hc/logic (ALU
Arithmetic/Logic Unit): thc hin cc php ton s hc v logic. Ngoi ra
CPU cn c cc thanh ghi (Register) vb nh truy cp nhanh (Cache).GV gii
thiu cc b phn chnh ca CPU.Minh ho thit b: CPU HS ghi chp.Hot ng 4:
Cng c kin thc hcCho HS nhc li cc thnh phn ca h thng tin hc.Phn bit
c phn cng v phn mm.HS nhc li4. BI TP V NH: Bi 1 v 2 SGK c tip bi
"Gii thiu v my tnh"5.RT KINH
NGHIM:................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long10Tit PPCT: 06 Bi 2: GII THIU V MY TNH
(tt)I. MC TIU:Kin thc: Bit chc nng ca b nh trong, b nh ngoi. Bit c
cc thit b vo, thit b ra.K nng: Bit phn bit c cc thit b vo, thit b
ra.Thi : C thc bo qun, gi gn cc thit b my tnh. II. CHUN B:Gio vin:
Gio n, mt s thit b my tnh. T chc hot ng nhm.Hc sinh: Sch gio khoa,
v ghi.III. HOT NG DY-HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi
c:Hi: Nu s cu trc chung ca mt my tnh?p:BonhngoaiBoxl
trungtamBonhtrongBoieukhienBosohoc/logicThiet bra Thiet bvao 3. Bi
miHot ng 1: Gii thiu 1 s b phn chnh ca my tnh.Tn b phn Chc nng Cc
thnh phnIV. B nh trong ( Main Memory):B nh trong cn c tn gi khc l b
nh chnh.B nh trong gm c 2 phn: 1. B nh ROM ( Read Only Memory):
+Cha mt s chng trnh h thng c hng sn xut np sn. +DliutrongROMkhngxo
c.+ Khi tt my, d liu trong ROM khng b mt i.2. B nh RAM (Random
Access Memory):+Khi ttmy dliutrongRAM s b mt i. B nh trong gm cc nh
c nh s th t t 0. S th t ca mt nh c gi l a ch ca nh. Mytnhtruycpdliu
ghitrongnhthngquaach ca n.Bnhtronglni chng trnh c a vo thc hin v l
ni lu tr d liu ang c x l. + Cc chng trnh trong ROM thc hin vic kim
tra cc thit b v to s giao tip ban u ca my vi cc chngtrnhmngi dng a
vo khi ng my. + RAM l phn b nh c th c, ghi d liu trong khi lm
vic.1. B nh ROM ( Read Only Memory)2. B nh RAM( RandomAcess Memory)
V. B nh ngoi (SecondaryB nh ngoi dng lu trB nh ngoi ca my tnh thng
l Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long ROMRAM11Memory):truycpdliutrna, my
tnh c cc a mm, a cng, ta s ng nht a vi a t trong .Vic t chc d liu b
nh ngoi v vic trao i d liu gia b nh ngoi vbnhtrongcthc hin bi h iu
hnh.ludidliuvhtrcho b nh trong. a cnga CDa cng, a mm, a CD,thitb nh
Flash (USB), a mm FlashVI. Thit b vo (Input device).Thit b vodnga
thng tin vo my tnh.C nhiu loi thit b vo nh :+ Bn phm ( Keyboard) +
Chut (Mouse)+ My qut (Scanner)+Webcam: l mt camera k thut s.Vi spht
trincacngngh, cc thit b vo ngy cnga dng: my nh s, my ghi hnh, my
ghi m s a thng tin vo my tnh.VII. Thit b ra(Output device):Thit b
ra dng a d liu ra t my tnh.My chiuC nhiu thit b ra nh: + Mn
hnh(Monitor)+ My in (Printer)+ My chiu (Projector)+ Loa v tai nghe
(Speaker and Headphone)+ Modem (thit b vo/ra).Hot ng 2: Cng c cc
kin thc hcNhnmnhsgingnhau v khc nhau gia b nh RAM v ROM. Phn bit cc
thit b vo/ra4. BI TP V NH: Bi 5 SGK c tip bi "Gii thiu v my
tnh"5.RT KINH
NGHIM:................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V LongWebcam My qut12Tit PPCT: 07 Bi 2: GII THIU V
MY TNH (tt)I. MC TIU:Kin thc: Bit my tnh hot ng theo nguyn l Von
Neumann. Bit cc thng tin chnh v mt lnh. K nng: Thi : Rn luyn tc
phong lm vic khoa hc, chun xc, c k hoch.II. CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n T
chc hot ng nhm.Hc sinh:Sch gio khoa + v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG
DY- HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi c: Hi: So snh
gia b nh RAM vROM.3. Bi mi:Hot ng 1: Gii thiu nguyn l hot ng ca my
tnhNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhVIII. Hot ng ca my
tnh:Nguyn l iu khin bng chng trnh: My tnh hot ng theo chng trnh.+
Chng trnh l mt dy tun t cc lnh ch dn cho my bit iu cn lm. Mi lnh th
hin mt thao tc x l d liu. + My tnh c th thc hin c mt dylnhchotrcmt
cchtng m khng cn c s tham gia ca con ngi. Nguyn l lu tr chng
trnh:Lnh c a vo my tnh di dng m nh phn lu tr, xl nh nhng d liu khc.
Nguyn l truy cp theo a ch:Victruycpdliutrongmytnh cthchin thngquaa
chnilu tr d liu . Nguyn l Von Neumann:M ho nh phn, iu khin bng chng
trnh, lu tr chng trnh v truycptheoach tothnhmtnguyn l chung gi l
nguyn l Von Neu mann.t vn : lm mt vic g , ta thng lp ra mt k hoch
(chng trnh) lit k ra cc thao tc cn lm. Cho mi nhm nu k hoch thc
hinmt cngvicnginnh: lao ng v sinh, hp lp, GV minh ho qua vic chy mt
chng trnh Pascal n gin. GVminhhoquamtlnhn gin.+ Thng tin ca mi lnh
gm: a ch ca lnh trong b nh. M ca thao tc cn thc hin. a ch ca cc nh
lin quan.ach caccnhlcnh nhng ni dung ghi c th thay i trong qu trnh
my lm vic.Cc nhm tho lun, nu kin vn tt.Hot ng 2: Cng c cc kin thc
hcGV cho HS nhc li Nguyn tc hot ng ca my tnh.HS nhc li4. BI TP V
NH: Bi 6 SGK. Hng dn thc hnh bi "Lm quen vi my tnh": nhc nh ni qui
phng my, chun b ni dung thc hnh.Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long13Tit
PPCT08 BTTH 2 (hc ti lp)LM QUEN VI MY TNH I. MC TIU:Kin thc:
Quanstvnhnbit cccbphnchnhcamytnhvmtsthit b khcnhmy in, bn phm, a,
cng USB; K nng: Lm quen v tp mt s thao tc s dng bn phm, chut.Thi :
Nhn thc c my tnh c thit k rt thn thin vi con ngi.II. CHUN B:Gio
vin: Gio n, my tnh, tranh v. T chc hot ng nhm.Hc sinh:Sch gio khoa,
v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG DY -HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2.
Kim tra bi c:Hi: Hy ch ra cc thit b vo/ra?p: C nhiu loi thit b vo
nh :+ Bn phm ( Keyboard) + Chut (Mouse)+ My qut (Scanner)+Webcam: l
mt camera k thut s.C nhiu thit b ra nh: + Mn hnh(Monitor)+ My in
(Printer)+ My chiu (Projector)+ Loa v tai nghe (Speaker and
Headphone)+ Modem (thit b vo/ra).3. Bi mi Hot ng 1: Hng dn HS lm
quen vi my tnhNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh1. Lm quen
vi my tnhCcb phn ca my tnh v mt s thit b khc nh : a, bn phm, mnhnh,
myin, ngunin, cp ni, cng USB, .. Cch bt/tt mt s thit b nh my tnh,
mn hnh, my in, Khng nn bt/tt my tnh v cc thit b nhiu ln trong phin
lm vic.Trc khi tt my phi ng tt c cc chng trnh ng dng ang thc hin.
Cch khi ng my.+ Cch 1: Bt nt Power.+ Cch 2: n t hp phm Ctrl + Alt +
Del.+ Cch 3: n nt Reset. GV s dng my tnh (hoc tranh minhho)
giithiuvhng dnchohsquanst vnhnbit mt s b phn ca my tnh.GVhngdncchbt
tt an ton my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi:+Bt ccthit b ngoi vi (mn hnh,
myin)trc, bt mytnh sau.+ Tt theo th t ngc li.GV hng dn v gii thch
khi no nn dng cch khi ng no.HS ch ra cc thit b v phn loi. HS ghi
chp cc bc v thao tcnglot mt ln. (HS bit hngdnchonhngbn cha bit).Hot
ng 2: Hng dn s dng bn phmTrng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long14Ni dung Hot
ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh2. S dng bn phma) Cc nhm phm: Nhm ch
ci. Nhm ch s. Nhm cc du. Nhm phm iu khin. Nhm phm chc nng.b) Cch g
phm:Phn bit vicgmtphmvmtt hp phm:+Nhmphm1chcnng: g bnh
thng.+Nhmphm2chcnng: chc nng hng di: g bnh thng; chc nng hng trn: n
gi phm Shift v g phm.+T hp 2 phm: n gi phmthnht, gphmth
hai.+Thp3phm: ngi2 phm u, g phm th ba.GVsdngbnphm(hoctranh minh ho)
gii thiu v tr, chc nng cc nhm phm.GV a ra mt s yu cu g phm, cc nhm
trnh by thao tc. VD mun c: $n gi Shift, g $ (hoc 4)VD mun g Ctrl +
Bn gi Ctrl, g BVD mun g Ctrl + Q + An gi Ctrl + Q, g A HS theo di v
ghi chp.Cc nhmtrnhbycchthc hin ca mnh.Hot ng 3: Hng dn s dng
chut.Ni dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh3. S dng chut:a) Cc
phm chut: Phm tri Phm phi Phm giab) Cc thao tc vi chut: Di chuyn
chut Nhy chut Nhy p chut Ko th chut GV s dng chut hng dn HS bit s
dng ng cc thao tc vi chut. HS theo di v ghi chp.Hot ng 4: Cng c cc
kin thc hc GVchocc nhm nu li cch thc hinmtscng vic: khi ng my, tt
my, cch gphm, cch sdng chut Ccnhmtrnhbynhnbit ca mnh.4. BI TP V NH:
c k hng dn tit sau thc hnh phng my. GV nhc li ni qui phng my, nhn
mnh thi nghim tc khi thc hnh.5.RT KINH
NGHIM:................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V
Long15................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long16Tit PPCT 09 BTTH 2 (tt)LM QUEN VI MY TNHI.
MC TIU:Kin thc: Nhn bit c cc b phn chnh ca my tnhv mt s thit b khc
nh my in, bn phm, a, cng USB.K nng: Lm quen v tp mt s thao tc s dng
bn phm, chutThi : Nhn thc c my tnh c thit k rt thn thin vi con
ngiII. CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n, my tnh. Thc hnh theo nhm.Hc sinh:V
ghiIII. HOT NG DY - HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi
c: (Lng vo qu trnh thc hnh)Hi: Nu cc cch khi ng my? Cch s dng bn
phm, chut?3. Bi mi Hot ng 1: Hng dn HS lm quen vi my tnhNi dung Hot
ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh Cc b phn ca my tnh v mt s thit b
khc. Cch khi ng my. T chc lp thnh 4 nhm. GV hng dn chung cho c lp
quanstvnhnbit mtsb phn ca my tnh. Cho mi nhmnu ccthit b thuc mt loi
(thit b vo, thit b ra, ).GVhngdnHSkhi ng my tnh.Lnlt ccnhmbocokt qu
quan st c. HS thc hin theo hng dn ca GV.Hot ng 2: Hng dn s dng bn
phm v chutNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhCch g phm phm
ch ci phm s ch hoa, ch thng g t hp 2 phm, 3 phmCch s dng chut di
chuyn chut ko thGVhngdnHSthc hin chngtrnhMSWord, thc hnh cc thao tc
vi bn phm v chut.Tchcmi nhmnhmt on vn bn (khng c du ting Vit).Trong
mi nhm, choHS bit sdnghngdnchocc bn cha bit.GVtheo di qu trnh thc
hnh, un nn nhng sai st. Mi nhm g danh sch h tn HS trong nhm ca mnh.
Hot ng 3: Kim tra kt qu thc hnh Cng c Yu cu HS g mt on th(khong 2
cu khng du).Nhn xt kt qu, cho im mt s HS thc hin tt. HS thc hin yu
cu.Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long17 iu chnh cc sai st ca HS trong qu
trnh thc hnh4. BI TP V NH:c trc bi "Bi ton v thut ton".5.RT KINH
NGHIM:...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long18Tit PPCT: 10 Bi 4: BI TON V THUT TONI. MC
TIU:Kin thc: Bit khi nim bi ton v thut ton.K nng: Xc nh c Input v
Output ca mt bi ton.Thi : Luyn kh nng t duy lgic khi gii quyt mt vn
no .II. CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n T chc hot ng nhm.Hc sinh:Sch gio
khoa, v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG DY - HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s
s lp.2. Kim tra bi c:Hi: Nu nguyn l hot ng ca my tnh?p: Hot ng theo
chng trnh.3. Bi mi Hot ng 1: Hnh thnh khi nim bi tonNi dung Hot ng
ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhI. Khi nim bi ton: Trongtinhc, bi
tonlmt vicmtamunmytnhthc hin.Cc yutxc nhmt bi ton: + Input (thng
tin a vo my): d liu vo + Output (thng tin mun ly ra t my): d liu
rat vn: Trongtonhc, gii mtbi ton, trctintaquantm n gi thit v kt lun
ca bi ton. Vykhi nim"bi ton" trongtin hc c g khc khng?GV a ra mt s
bi ton, cho cc nhmtholunarakt lunbi ton no thuc ton hc, bi ton no
thuc tin hc. (C th cho HS t a ra v d)1) Tm UCLN ca 2 s nguyn dng.2)
Tm nghim ca ptb2 (a0).3)Kimtratnhnguyntca1s nguyn dng.4) Xp loi hc
tp ca HS.Tng t BT ton hc, i vi BT tin hc, trc tin ta cn quan tm n
cc yu t no? Cho cc nhm tm Input, Output ca cc bi ton. Cc nhm tho
lun v a ra kt qu:+ bi ton ton hc: 1, 2, 3+ bi ton tin hc: tt c Cc
nhm tho lun, tr li:+ Cch gii+ D liu vo, ra Cc nhm tho lun, tr li:Bi
ton Input OutputVD 1:Tm UCLN ca 2 s M, N.VD 2: Tm nghim ca pt ax2 +
bx + c = 0 ( a 0) VD3: Kim tra s nguyn dng ncphi l mt snguynt
khng?VD4:Xplohctpcamt 2 s nguyn dng M, N.Cc s thc a, b, c (a0).S
nguyn dng n.c chung ln nht ca M, N.Cc nghim ca pt (c th khng c)"n l
s nguyn t" hoc "n khng l s nguyn t"Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V
Long19lp. Bng im ca HS trong lp. Bng xp loi hc lc.Hot ng 2: Hnh
thnh khi nim thut tonNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhII.
Khi nim thut ton:Thut ton gii mt bi ton l mt dy hu hn cc thao tc
cspxptheomt trnht xc nh sao cho sau khi thc hin dy thao tc y, t
Input ca bi ton, ta nhn c Outputcn tm. Trong ton hc, vic gii mt bi
ton theo qui trnh no?Trong tin hc, gii mt bi ton, ta phi ch ra mt
dy cc thao tc no tInput tmracOutput. Dy thao tc gi l thut ton.
Chocc nhm tho lun tm hiu khi nim thut ton l g? GVnhnxt bsungvara
khi nim.HS tr li:suyluanlogicgiathiet ketluanCc nhm tho lun v a ra
cu tr li. L mt dy thao tc Sau khi thc hin dy thao tc vi b Input th
cho ra Output.Hot ng 3: Cng c cc kin thc hcCho HS nhc li: Th no l
bi ton trong tin hc?Vic xc nh bi ton trong tin hc? Yu cu cc nhm cho
VD v bi ton v xc nh bi ton.HS nhc liCc nhm trnh by4. BI TP V NH: Bi
1 SGK. c tip bi "bi ton v thut ton"5.RT KINH
NGHIM:...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long20Tit PPCT: 11 Bi 4: BI TON V THUT TON
(tt)I. MC TIU:Kin thc: Hiu cch biu din thut ton bng s khi v bng lit
k cc bc. Hiu mt s thut ton thng dng.K nng: Bit xy dng thut ton ca
mt s bi ton thng dng.Thi : Luyn kh nng t duy lgic khi gii quyt mt
vn no .II. CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n + bng v cc s khi. T chc hot ng
nhm.Hc sinh:Sch gio khoa, v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG DY-HC:1. n nh
t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi c:Hi: xc nh mt bi ton ta cn
quan tm n cc yu t no? Cho v d.p: Input, Output.3. Bi miHot ng 1:
Hng dn tm thut ton gii bi ton: Tm GTLN ca mt dy s nguynNi dung Hot
ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhII. Khi nim thut ton:V d:Tm
gitrlnnhtcamt dy s nguyn cho trc. Xc nh bi ton:+ Input: s nguyn dng
N. N s a1, a2, , aN.+ Output: gi tr Max. Thut ton: (Lit k)B1: Nhp N
v dy a1, ,aNB2: Max a1;i 2B3: Nu i > N th a ra gitr Max v kt
thc.B4: Nu ai > max th Max ai B5: i i+1, quay li B3. T chc cc
nhm tho lunH. Hy xc nh Input v Output ca bi ton?Hng dn HS tm thut
ton (c th ly VD thc t minh ho: tm qu cam ln nht trong N qu cam)
tng: Khi to gi tr Max = a1. Ln lt vi i t 2 n N, so snh gi tr s hng
ai vi gi tr Max, nu ai > Max th Max nhn gi tr mi l ai. GV gii
thch cc k hiu Cc nhm a ra kt qu. Input: s nguyn dng N. N s a1, a2,
, aN.Output: gi tr Max. Cc nhmtholunv trnh by tng.Hot ng 2: Hng dn
din t thut ton bng s khi S khi: th hin thao tc so snh. th hin cc
php tnh ton. th hin thao tc nhp, xut d Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V
Long21liu. qui nh trnh t thc hin cc thao tc.Nhp N , a1, a2, ,
aNi>NMaxa1, i 2i i+1a ra Max ri kt thcSai >MaxMaxaiSHot ng 3:
M phng vic thc hin thut tonM phng cc bc thc hin thut ton trn vi N =
11 v dy A: 5, 1, 4, 7, 6, 3, 15, 8, 4, 9, 12.GVminhhovicthchin thut
ton vi mt dy s c th.HS theodi,thamgianhnxt kt qu.Dy s5 1 4 7 6 3 15
8 4 9 12i2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Max 5 5 5 7 7 7 15 15 15 15 15Hot
ng 4: Cng c cc kin thc hcTnh cht thut ton: Tnh dng: thut ton phi kt
thc sau1shuhnlnthchincc thao tc. Tnh xc nh: sau khi thc hin 1 thao
tc th hoc l kt thc hoc thc hin 1 thao tc k tip. Tnh ng n: sau khi
kt thc phi nhn c Output. Hng dn HS nhn xt cc tnh cht ca thut
ton.Cho HS nu li cc cch din t thut tonHS nhn xt qua VD trnHS nhc
li4. BI TP V NH:M phng vic thc hin thut ton tm GTLN vi N v dy s
khc. Bi 2, 4, 5 SGK. c tip bi "Bi ton v thut ton"5.RT KINH
NGHIM:............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long22Ngy son:
.................................Tit PPCT: 12 Bi 4: BI TON V THUT
TON (tt)I. MC TIU:Kin thc: Hiu cch biu din thut ton bng s khi v bng
lit k cc bc. Hiu mt s thut ton thng dng.K nng: Bit xy dng thut ton
ca mt s bi ton thng dng.Thi : Luyn kh nng t duy lgic khi gii quyt
mt vn no .II. CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n + bng v cc s khi. T chc hot ng
nhm.Hc sinh:Sch gio khoa, v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG DY - HC:1. n
nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi c:Hi: Nu cc cch din t thut
ton?p: Lit k, S khi.3. Bi mi Hot ng 1: Tm thut ton gii bi ton Kim
tra tnh nguyn t ca mt s nguyn dngNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng
ca Hc sinhIII. Mt s v d v thut ton.1. V d 1: Kim tra tnh nguyn t ca
mt s nguyn dng.
tng:+NuN=1th Nkhngls nguyn t;+Nu1 N 1 ] th thng bo N l nguyn t
ri kt thc.B6: Nu N chia ht cho i th thng bo N khng nguyn t ri kt
thc;B7: ii + 1 ri quay li B53. Bi mi Hot ng 1: M t thut ton sp xp
bng tro iNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhIII. Mt s v d
(tt)2. V d 2: Bi ton sp xpCho dy A gm N s nguyn a1,a2, , aN.
Cnspxpccshng dy A tr thnh dy khng gim. Thut tonspxpbngtro i
(Exchange Sort)Xc nh bi ton:- Input: Dy A gm N s nguyn a1, a2, ,
an. -Output:DyAcspxp li thnh dy khng gim. tng: Vi mi cpshng ng lin
k trong dy, nu s trc lnhnssauth taichchng chonhau. Vic clpli,cho n
khi khng c s i ch no xy ra na.Thut ton:a) Cch lit k: - B1: Nhp N,
cc s hng a1, a2, , aN ; - B2: M N ; - B3: Nu M< 2 th a ra dy A t
vn : Trong cuc sng ta thng gp nhng vic lin quan n sp xp.Cho mt dy s
nguyn A:6, 1, 5, 3, 7, 8, 10, 7, 12, 4 Hy sp xp dy Atr thnh dy khng
gim.T chc cc nhm tho lun H.HyxcnhInput vOuput ca bi ton?
GVhngdnHStmthut ton gii bi ton.GV nhn xt v b sungHS tr li: 1, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 10, 12.Cc nhm tr li.. + Input: Dy N s nguyn+Output:
DyNs nguyn c sp xp khng gim. Cc nhmtho lun a ra kinTrng THPT Trn
Bin GV: V Long25c sp xp ri kt thc; - B4: M M1; i 0; - B5: i i+1; -
B6: Nu i > M th quay li bc 3;- B7:Nu ai> ai+1th tro i aiv
ai+1 cho nhau; - B8: Quay li bc 5. Hng dn HS trnh by thut ton (bng
pp lit k) Nhn xt: Sau mi ln i ch, gi tr ln nht ca dy A s c chuyn dn
v cui dy v sau lt th nht th gi tr ln nht xp ng v tr l cui dy. V sau
mi lt ch thc hin vi dy b bt s hng cui dy (M M1). Trong thut ton
trn, i l bin ch s c gi tr nguynt0 M+1. Ghi li sthut ton v hnh dung
ra cc bc thc hin thut ton.Hot ng 2: Din t thut ton bng s khib) S
khi:NhpN ,a1, a2, ,aNM < 2i > MM NM M 1; i 0i i+ 1ai >
ai+1Troi ai va i+1araAri kt thcSSSHot ng 3: M phng vic thc hin tht
ton Cng cMphngvicthchinthut ton vi: N = 10 v dy A: 6, 1, 5, 3, 7,
8, 10, 7, 12, 4 Dy A6 1 5 3 7 8 10 7 12 4Lt 1 1 5 3 6 7 8 7 10 4
1Lt 2 1 3 5 6 7 7 8 4 10Lt 3 1 3 5 6 7 7 4 8Lt 4 1 3 5 6 7 4 7Lt 5
1 3 5 6 4 7Lt 6 1 3 5 4 6Lt 7 1 3 4 5Lt 8 1 3 4Lt 9 1 3Lt 10 14. BI
TP V NH: Tp m phng vic thc hin thut ton trn vi dy s khc. Tm thut
ton tm sp xp mt dy s nguyn thnh dy khng tng.5.RT KINH
NGHIM:.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long26Tit PPCT: 14Bi 4BI TON V THUT TON (tt)I.
MC TIU:Kin thc: Hiu cch biu din thut ton bng s khi v bng lit k cc
bc. Hiu mt s thut ton thng dng.K nng: Bit xy dng thut ton ca mt s
bi ton n gin.Thi : Luyn kh nng t duy lgic khi gii quyt mt vn no
.II. CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n + bng v s khi T chc hot ng nhm.Hc
sinh:SGK, v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG DY - HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim
tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi c:Hi: Nu tng thut ton sp xp bng tro i?p:
tng: Vi mi cp s hng ng lin k trong dy, nu s trc ln hn s sau th ta i
ch chng cho nhau. Vic c lp li, cho n khi khng c s i ch no xy ra
na3. Bi miHot ng 1: Hng dn tim thut ton gii bi tonNi dung Hot ng ca
Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhIII. Mt s v d: (tt)3. V d 3: Bi ton tm
kimCho dy A gm N s nguyn khc nhau: a1, a2, , aNv mt s nguyn k. Cn
bit c hay khng ch s i ( 1 i N) m ai = k. Nu c hy cho bit ch s . a)
Thut ton tm kim tun t (sequential search) Xc nh bi ton- Input: Dy
AgmNs nguyn khc nhau a1, a2, , aN v s nguyn k;- Output: Ch s i m ai
= k hoc thng bokhngcshngno ca dy A c gi tr bng k. tng:- Tm kim tun
t l ln lt t s hng th nht, ta so snh gi tr shngangxt vi kho cho n
khi hoc gp mt s hng bng kho hoc dy c xt ht v khngc gi trno bng kho.
Trongtrnghpthhai dy A khng c s hng no bng kho.Thut ton:* Cch lit
k:- B1: Nhp N, cc s hng a1, a2, , aN v kho k;t vn :Tmkiml mt vic
thng xy ra trong cuc sng.Cho dy A gm: 5, 7, 1, 4, 2, 9, 8, 11, 25,
51. Tm i vi ai = 2 ? T chc cc nhm tho lunH. Hy xc nh bi ton?
GVhngdnHStmthut ton gii bi ton.i = 5Cc nhm tho lun, a ra kin. +
Input: N, a1, a2, , aN, k + Output: i hoc thng bo khng c i Chocc
nhmtrnh by tng.Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long27 - B2: i 1; - B3: Nu
ai = k th thng bo ch s i, kt thc; - B4: i i + 1; - B5: Nu i >N
th thng bo dy A khng c s hng no c gi tr bng k, ri kt thc. - B6:
Quay li bc 3. GV hng dn HS trnh by thut ton tm kim bng cch lit k. i
l bin ch s v nhn gi tr nguyn ln lt t 1 n N+1.Cc nhm tho lun v a ra
thut ton. Hot ng 2: Din t thut ton tm kim bng s khi* S khi:Nhp N v
a 1, a2, , aN; ki 1ai = ki i + 1i > Na ra i ri kt thcThng bo dy
A khng c s hng no c gi tr bng k ri kt thcSSHot ng 3: M phng vic thc
hin thut tonMphngvic thchinthut ton vi:+ N = 10, k = 2k = 2 v N =
10A 5 7 1 4 2 9 8 11 25 51i 1 2 3 4 5 - - - - -Vi i = 5 th a5 =
2.Hot ng 4: Hng dn tm thut ton gii bi tonNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin
Hot ng ca Hc sinhb)Thuttontmkimnh phn (Binary Search)Xc nh bi ton -
Input: Dy A l dy tng gm N s nguynkhcnhaua1, a2, , aNv mt s nguyn
k-Output: Ch si mai=khoc thng bo khng c s hng no ca dy A c gi tr
bng k. tng: S dng tnh cht dy A l dy tng, ta tmcch thu hp nhanh phm
v tm kim sau mi ln so snh kho vi s hng c chn, ta chn s hng aGia "
gia dy" so snh vi k, trong Gia = 12N +1 1 ]. Khi :- Nu aGia = k th
Gia l ch s cn tm. - Nu aGia> k th do dy A l dy sp xp nn vic tm
kim tip theo ch xt trn dy a1, a2, , aGia-1 .- NuaGiakth t Cuoi =
Gia - 1, ri chuyn n bc 7; - B6: Dau Gia +1; - B7: Nu Dau > cuoi
th thng bo dy A khng c s hng no c gi tr bng k, kt thc; - B8: Quay
li bc 3.Hot ng 5: M t thut ton bng s khi* S khiDau1; Cuoi NNhp N v
a 1, a2, , aN; kGiua(Dau+ Cuoi )/2aGiua = ka raGiuari kt thcaGiua
>kDauGiua+1Cuoi Giua- 1Dau> CuoiThng bo dy A khng c s hng c
gi tr bngk ri kt thcSSSHot ng 6: M phng vic thc hin thut tonM phng
vic thc hin thut ton vi N = 10,k= 21k = 21, N =10i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10A 2 4 5 6 9 21 22 30 31 33Dau 1 6 6Cuoi 10 10 7Giua 5 8 6aGiua
9 30 21Lt 1 2 3 Lt th ba th aGiua = k. V tr cn tm l i = Giua =
6.Hot ng 7: Cng c cc kin thc hc GVchoHSnhnxt im khc bit c bn ca 2
thut ton Ccnhmtholunvtrnh by4. BI TP V NH: Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V
Long29 M phng vic thc hin thut ton vi dy s khc. Bi 3, 7 SGK.5.RT
KINH
NGHIM:.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long30Tit PPCT: 15 Bi 4: BI TPBI TON V THUT
TONI. MC TIU:Kin thc: Hiu mt s thut ton hc nhsp xp, tm kim.K nng:
Bit cch tm thut ton gii mt s bi ton n gin. Thi : Luyn kh nng t duy
lgic khi gii quyt mt vn no .II. CHUN B:Gio vin:Gio n + bng v s
khiHc sinh: SGK + v ghi. Lm bi tpIII. HOT NG DY -HC:1. n nh t chc:
Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi c:Hi: Nu thut ton gii bi ton: Tm gi tr
ln nht ca mt dy s nguyn ?p:3. Bi miHot ng 1: Luyn tp cch xc nh bi
tonNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhBi 1: Hy xc nh cc bi
ton sau:a) Tnh chu vi hnh ch nht khi cho bit chiu di v chiu rng ca
hnh ch nht .b) Tm gi tr ln nht ca 2 s a, b. Cho cc nhm tho lun, gi
1 HS bt k trong nhm tr li.HS tr lia) Input: chiu di, ciu rngOutput:
chu vib) Input: a, bOutput: GTLN ca a v b.Hot ng 2:M t thut ton gii
cc bi ton bng cch lit k hoc bng s khiNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot
ng ca Hc sinhBi 2: Cho N v dy s a1, a2, , aN. Hytmthut tonchobit
cbao nhiushngtrongdycgitr bng 0. Cho cc nhm thc hin ln lt cc bc tm
thut ton.Gi 1 HS bt k trong nhm tr li.H1. Xc nh bi ton?H2. Nu tng
thut ton?HS tr li1. Input: N, a1, a2, , aNOutput: sDemchobit s lng
s 0 c trong dy s trn.2. Ban u Dem = 0 Ln lt duyt qua dy s, nu gp
shngnobng0th tnggitr Dem ln 1.Thut ton:a) Lit k:B1: Nhp N, a1, a2,
, aNB2: i 0; Dem 0B3: i i + 1B4:Nu i > N th thng bo gi tr Dem,
ri kt thc.B5: Nu ai = 0 th Dem Dem + 1. B6: Quay li B3.Hng dn HS
lit k cc bc ca thut ton v v s khi.Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long31Nhp
N , a1, a2, , aNi 0; Dem 0i >Nai=0Dem Dem +1i i +1Thng bo gi tr
Dem , ri kt thcSSM phng vic thc hin thut ton:a) N = 10, dy A: 1, 2,
0, 4, 5, 0, 7, 8, 9, 0Dem = 3b) N = 10, dy A: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10 Dem = 0Hot ng 3: Cng cCho HS nhc li cc bc tm thut ton gii
1 bi ton.HS nhc li4. BI TP V NH: Xem li cc thut ton hc. Chun b kim
tra 1 tit.5.RT KINH
NGHIM:.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long32Tit PPCT: 16 BI KIM TRA 1 TITI. MC TIU:Kin
thc: Cng c cc kin thc hc v: thng tin v d liu, cu trc my tnh, bi ton
vthutton.K nng: Bit m ho thng tin, m phng vic thc hin mt thut
ton.Thi : Rn luyn tnh nghim tc trong khi lm bi.II. CHUN B:Gio vin:
bi kim tra.Hc sinh:n li kin thc hc.III. HOT NG DY - HC:1. n nh t
chc: Kim tra s s lp.2. Kim tra bi c:3. Bi miNi dung Hot ng ca Gio
vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhGV pht kim tra HS lm bi kim tra s 1:Trc nghim
(6)Cu 1) Pht biu no di y l sai? A) Gi thnh my tnh ngy cng h nhng tc
, chnh xc ca my tnh ngy cng cao.B) My tnh ra i lm thay i phng thc
qun l v giao tip trong x hi.C) My tnh tt l my tnh nh, gn v p.D) Cc
chng trnh trn my tnh ngy cng p ng c nhiu ng dng thc t v d s dng
hn.Cu2) Pht biu no sau y v Ram l ngA). Thng tin trong Ram s b mt
khi tt myB). Ram c dung lng nh hn a mm C). Ram c dung lng nh hn Rom
Cu3). Chc nng no di y khng phi l chc nng ca my tnh in tA). Lu tr
thng tin vo cc b nh ngoi B). X l thng tinC). Nhn bit c mi thng tin
D). Nhn thng tin Cu4). Hy chuyn i t h nh phn sang h thp phn:
10001012 = ?10A). 6910 B). 6810 C). 7010 Cu5). S 18910khi chuyn
sang h nh phn 8 bit s c dng: A). 101111102 B).11001012 C).
011001112Cu6). Trong tin hc, d liu lA). Dy bit biu din thng tin
trong my tnh B). Biu din thng tin dng vn bnC). Cc s liuCu7). M nh
phn ca thng tin lA). S trong h nh phn B). Dy bit biu din thng tin
trong my tnhC).S trong h Hexa Cu8). Thng tin lA). Hiu bit v mt thc
th B). Vn bn v s liuC). Hnh nh v m thanh Cu9). Hy ch ra pht biu sai
trong cc pht biu sau:A). Vi mi chng trnh khi my tnh ang thc hin th
con ngi khng th can thip dngchng trnh .B). Ngi dng iu khin my tnh
thng qua cc cu lnh do h m t trong chng trnh.C). Chng trnh l dy cc
lnh, mi lnh m t mt thao tc.Cu10). Pht biu no sau y l ngA). T my l
dy 16 bit hoc 32 bit thng tinB). My tnh x l theo tng n v x l thng
tin gi l t myC). T my ca my tnh l mt dy cc bit d liu c di xc nh to
thnh mt n v xl thng tinCu11). Pht biu no sau y v Rom l ngA). Rom l
b nh trong ch cho php c d liuB). Rom l b nh trong ch c th c v ghi d
liuC). Rom l b nh ngoiCu 12). Thit b vo dng A). Lu tr thng tin B).
a thng tin ra C). a thng tin vo my tnhCu13). B iu khin c chc
nngTrng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long33A). iu khin hot ng ng b ca cc b
phn trong my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi lin quanB). Thc hin cc php ton
s hc v logicC). Lu tr thng tin cn thit my tnh hot ng v d liu trong
qu trnh x lCu14). Pht biu no sau y l ng:A). a ch mt nh v ni dung
ghi trong nh thng thay i trong qu trnh my lm vicB). a ch nh v ni
dung ghi trong nh l c lp.C). X l d liu trong my tnh ngha l truy cp
d liu Cu 15) Tin hc l mt ngnh khoa hc v l ngnhA) Nghin cu my tnh in
tB) c cc ni dung, mc tiu, phng php nghin cu ring.C)s dng my tnh in
tD) c sinh ra trong nn vn minh thong tin.Cu 16) Tnh xc nh ca thut
ton c ngha l:A) Mc ch ca thut ton c xc nhB) Sau khi hon thnh mt bc
(mt ch dn), bc thc hin tip theo l hon ton xc nhC)Khng th thc hin
thut ton 2 ln vi cng mt Input m nhn c 2 output khc nhauD) S cc bc
thc hin l xc nh.Cu 17) S 2B3FD16chuyn sang h nh phn s c dng:A)
001010110111111110112 B) 0010 1011 0011 1111 10112C)
101011111000110010102Cu 18) B nh chnh (b nh trong) bao gm:A) Thanh
ghi v ROM B) Cache v ROMC ) ROM v RAM C) Thanh ghi v CacheCu 19)
ROM l b nh dung A) Cha cc chng trnh h thng c hng sn xutci t sn v
ngi dng thng khng thay i cB) Cha cc d liu quan trngC) Cha cc h iu
hnh MS-DOS D) B v CCu 20) Thng tin l A) Tin tc thu nhn c qua cc
phng tin truyn thngB) Tt c nhng mang li hiu bit cho con ngiC) D liu
ca my tinh D) Cc tn hiu vt lCu 21) Nhng pht biu no sau y v b nh
ngoi l ng:A) l b nh t bn ngoi hp my tnhB) B nh lu tr lu di d liu v
h tr cho b nh trongC) a cng, a mm, a CD, thit b nh FlashD) A v BCu
22) S 23010 biu din sang h nh phn 8 bit s c dng:A) 111001112 B)
111110102 C) 101110102 D) 001110102Cu 23) K t chun ca ASCII l A)
256 B) 255 D) 65536 C) 65000Cu 24) Hy cho bit nguyn l Phn-Ni Man cp
n nhng vn no di y:A) m ha nh phn B) CPU, b nh chnh, b nh ngoi v
thit b vo/ raC) iu khin bng chng trnhv lu tr chng trnhD) Truy cp
theo a chE) A,B v C F) A,B v DT LUN: (4)Hy m t thut ton gii bi ton
sau bng cch lit khoc s khiCho dy N v dy s A1. AN hy cho bit c bao
nhiu s hng trong dy l s chn.Ngy son:
.................................Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long34Tit
PPCT: 17Bi 5: NGN NG LP TRNHI. MC TIU:Kin thc: Bitc khi nim ngn ng
my, hp ng v ngn ng bc cao. Bit c ngn ng lp trnh l phng tin dng din
t cho my tnh nhng vicm con ngi mun my thc hin.K nng: Bit cmytnhhot
ngtheochngtrnh, chngtrnhmmytnhhiuclngn ng my.Thi : Cn thy r mun s
dng my tnh, ngoi hiu bit phn cng cn cn hiu bit vphn mm.II. CHUN
B:Gio vin:Gio nHc sinh: Sch gio khoa, v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG
DY - HC:1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2.Kim tra bi c: (5)Hi: Hy vit
thut ton ca bi ton tm s nh nht trong 2 s nguyn A, B.p: Mt HS vit
thut ton bng cch lit k, mt HS v s khi.3. Bi miHot ng 1: Gii thiu v
ngn ng lp trnh v ngn ng myNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc
sinh Khi nim ngn ng lp trnh: Ngn ng dng vit chng trnh cho my tnh gi
l ngn ng lp trnh.I. Ngn ng my: Ngn ng my l ngn ng duy nht m my tnh
c th hiu c v thc hin.Mt chng trnh vit bng ngn ng khc mun thc hin
trn my tnh phi c dch ra ngn ng my thng qua chng trnh dch.Cc lnh vit
bng ngn ng my dng m nh phn hoc m hexa.t vn :Ta bit rng gii mt bi
ton my tnh khng th chy trc tip thut ton m phi thc hin theo chng
trnh. Vy ta phi chuyn i thut ton sang chng trnh.H.Nunguyn tc hot ng
ca MTT. Hot ng theo chng trnh.Hot ng 2: Gii thiu Hp ngNi dung Hot
ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhII. Hp ng: Hpngbaogmtncccu lnh v cc
qui tc vit cc cu lnh my tnh hiu c. Hp ng cho php ngi lp trnh sdng
mtst(thngl vit tt cc t ting Anh) th hin cc lnh cn thc hin.V d: ADD
AX, BXTrong : ADD: php cngtvn:Vi ngnngmy, th my c th trc tip hiu c
nhng n kh phc tp v kh nh. Chnh v th c rt nhiu loi ngn ng xut hin
thun tin hn cho vic vit chng trnh. GV gii thch v dH. My tnh c th
thc hin trc tip chngtrnh vit bng hp ng hay .Khng, phi cnchuynsang
Trng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long35AX, BX: cc thanh ghi khng? ngn ng
my.Hot ng 3: Gii thiu Ngn ng bc cao, Chng trnh dchNi dung Hot ng ca
Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhIII. Ngn ng bc cao Ngnngbccaolngnng gn vi
ngn ng t nhin, c tnh clpcao, t phthucvocc loi my c th.t vn:Hpnglmt
ngn ng thun li hn cho cc nh lp trnh chuyn nghip nhng vn cha tht
thch hp vi ng o ngi lp trnh.H.Ccembit ccloi ngnng no?H. My tnh c th
thc hin trc tip chng trnh vit bng ngn ng bc cao hay khng?.Pascal,
Foxpro, C,.Khng, phi cnchuynsang ngn ng my.IV. Chng trnh
dch:Lchngtrnhdchtccngn ng khc nhau ra ngn ng my.Cc chng trnh dch lm
vic theo 2 kiu: thng dch v bin dch.GVgiithch thm vchng trnh dch.
Thng dch: Dchtnglnhv thc hin ngay. Bindch: Dchtonbchng trnh ri mi
thc hinHot ng 4: Cng c kin thc hcNi dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng
ca Hc sinhCho HS nhc li: Loi ngn ng no m my c th hiu v thc hin
c?Munmycthhiuccc loi ngn ng khc, th phi lm th no?HS trao i v tr li:
Ngn ng my Chng trnh dch4. BI TP V NH: Bi 1, 2, 3 sch gio khoa. c
trc bi Gii bi ton trn my tnh5.RT KINH
NGHIM:.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Trng
THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long36Ngy son:
.................................Tit PPCT: 18 GII BI TON TRN MY
TNHI. MC TIU:Kin thc: Bit cc bc c bn khi tin hnh gii ton trn my
tnh: xc nh bi ton, xy dngv la chn thut ton, la chn cu trc d liu,
vit chng trnh, hiu chnh, a ra ktqu v hng dn s dng.K nng: Nm c ni
dung c th cc bc cn thc hin khi gii mt bi ton trn my tnh.Thi : Rn
luyn tnh khoa hc khi lm mt vic no : lp k hoch, lm theo k hoch.II.
CHUN B:Gio vin: Gio n + bng v s khi ca thut ton tm UCLN. T chc hot
ng nhm.Hc sinh:Sch gio khoa, v ghi. c bi trc.III. HOT NG DY - HC:1
n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.2 Kim tra bi c: (3)Hi:Lm th no my tnh c
th hiu v thc hin c mt chng trnh c vit theo mt ngn ng no ?p: Nh c
chng trnh dch.3 Bi mi Hot ng 1: Cch xc nh bi ton v thut tonNi dung
Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinhCc bc gii bi ton: Bc 1: Xc nh bi
ton Bc 2: La chn hoc thit k thut ton. Bc 3:Vit chng trnh Bc 4: Hiu
chnh CT Bc 5: Vit ti liu.I. Xc nh bi ton:Xc nh phn Input v Output
ca bi ton v mi quan h gia chng. Txcnhngnng lptrnhvcutrcdliumt cch
thch hp.II. Lachnvthit k thut tona) La chn thut ton: Mi thut ton ch
gii 1 bi ton, song mt bi ton c th c nhiu thut ton gii. Vy ta phi
chn t vn:MTlcngchtr con ngi rt nhiu trong cuc sng, nhng cho my thc
hin gii bi ton th ta phi a li gii bi ton vo my di dng cc lnh. Vy cc
bc gii mt bi ton l g? GV c th ly mt bi ton thc t (hoc ton hc) phn
tch.H. Xc nh bi ton tc l cn phi xc nh ci g? Chia ccnhm tholunv gi i
din cc nhm tr liH. Hy nhc li thut ton l g?H.Vi mt bi toncthcbao
nhiu thut ton gii? V d: Xt bi ton "Tm UCLN ca 2 s nguyn dng" Thut
ton ti u: L thut ton c i din cc nhm tr li + Xc nh input v outputHS
tr li. C th c nhiu thut ton gii mt bi ton.Tm UCLN c nhiu thut ton +
dng hiu ca 2 s+ dng thng ca 2 sTrng THPT Trn Bin GV: V Long37thut
ton ph hp nht trong nhng thut ton a ra.b) Din t thut
ton:Tacthdintthut tonbng cch lit k hoc bng s khi.V d: Tm UCLN (M,
N)*Xc nh bi ton. Input: M, Nnguyn dng Output: UCLN(M,N).* tng: S
dng t/c bit;* Thut ton:B1: Nhp M, N;B2: NuM=Nth UCLN=M; chuyn n
B5;B3: Nu M > N th M = M N, quay li B2B4: Nu M
