giao an hoa 8

giao an hoa 8

Trng THCS Thng Lm -- Gio n Ho hc 8

Ngy son : 10/08/2014Tit 1 : M U MN HA HCI/MC TIU:

1. Kin thc:

+ Gip HS bit Ha hc l khoa hc nghin cu cc cht, s bin i cht v ng dng.+ Vai tr quan trng ca Ha hc

+ Phng php hc tt mn Ha hc.

2. K nng:

+ Rn luyn k nng bit lm th nghim, bit quan st.

+ Rn luyn phng php t duy logic, c suy lun sng to.

+ Lm vic tp th.

3.Gio dc: C hng th say m hc tp, ham thch c sch. Nghim tc ghi chp cc hin tng quan st th nghim.

II/CHUN B CA GV- HS:1.GV : Chun b lm cc th nghim:

- Dung cu : Khay nha , gia thi nghim , ng nghim nho , ng hut hoa cht .

- Hoa cht : Nc ct , Natrihroxit ( NaOH ) , AxitClohric ( HCl ) , inh st , ng (II) sunphat

2. HS : Xem trc ni dung th nghim ca bi 1, tm mt s vt, sn phm ca Ha hc

III/ TIN TRNH LN LP:

1. n nh t chc: kim tra s s hc sinh 2. Kim tra bi c: Kim tra dng hc tp mn ha ca hc sinh 3. Bi mi:

Ho hc l mt mn hc hp dn nhng rt mi l. tm hiu v ho hc th chng ta cng nghin cu ho hc l g?Hot ng ca GV v HSNi dung

Hot ng 1:Ho hc l g?

- Gv: lm th nghim: Cho dung dch NaOH tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4.

-Hc sinh quan st mu sc dung dch trc phn ng v sau khi phn ng xy ra.Nhn xt hin tng.

- Gv: cho hc sinh lm th nghim th inh st vo dung dch HCl.

-Hc sinh quan st hin tng rt ra nhn xt.

- - B sung, nhn xt nh gi.

-Hs: Em hy rt ra nhn xt v 2 th nghim trn ?

- Gv: T 2 TN trn, em hiu Ho hc l g ?

Hot ng 2: Ha hc c vai tr nh th no trong cuc sng chng ta?

- Hs: c 3 cu hi trong sgk trang 4.

- Hc sinh tho lun nhm cho v d .

- Gv: Ho hc c vai tr quan trng nh th no trong cuc sng.

-Khi sn xut ho cht v s dng ho cht c cn lu vn g ?

Hot ng III: Cn phi lm g hc tt mn Ha hc?

- Hs: c thng tin sgk

- Gv: t chc cho HS tho lun.

- Gv: Khi hc tp ho hc cc em cn ch thc hin nhng hot ng g ?

- Gv: hc tp tt mn ho hc cn p dng nhng phng php no ?I. Ho hc l g?

1. Th nghim: a) TN 1: 1ml dung dch CuSO4 + 1ml dung dch NaOH

b) TN 2: Cho 1 inh st co sch + 1ml dung dch NaOH.

2.Quan st th nghim : +Th nghim 1: Khi cho Natrihiroxit vo ng nghim ng dung dich ng (II) sunPhat , thy c kt ta khng tan trong nc . + Nhn xt : Xut hin c cht mi to thnh , khng tan trong nc .

+ Th nghim 2 : Cho inh st nh vo ng ng dung dich axit clohiric thy c cht kh to thnh v bay ln quanh inh st .

+ Nhn xt : C cht mi to thanh , tan trong cht long . 3. Nhn xt: Ho hc l khoa hc nghin cu cc cht v s bin i cht v ng dng ca chng.

II. Ha hc c vai tr nh th no trong cuc sng chng ta?

1. V d:

- Xoong ni, cuc, dy in.

- Phn bn, thuc tr su.

- Bt, thc, eke, thuc.

2. Nhn xt: - ch to vt dng trong gia nh, phc v hc tp, cha bnh.

- Phc v cho nng nghip, cng nghip.

- Cc cht thi, sn phm ca ho hc vn c hi nn cn hn ch tc hi n mi trng.

3. Kt lun: Ho hc c vai tr rt quan trng trong cuc sng ca chng ta.

III. Cn phi lm g hc tt mn Ha hc?

1. Cc hot ng cn ch khi hc mn Ha hc:

+ Thu thp tm kim kin thc.

+ X l thng tin.

+ Vn dng.

+ Ghi nh.

2. Phng php hc tp tt mn ho:

* Hc tt mn Ha hc l nm vng v c kh nng vn dng thnh tho kin thc hc .

* hc tt mn ho cn:

+ lm v quan st th nghim tt.

+ c hng th, say m, rn luyn t duy.

+ phi nh c chn lc.

+ phi c thm sch.

4. Cng c:

Cho hc sinh nhc li cc nt dung c bn ca bi:

+ Ho hc l g?

+ Vi tr ca Ha hc.

5. Hng dn v nh: c trc ni dung bi miNgy son :10/ 08/2014Tit 2 : CHT (T1)

I/. MC TIU BI HC: 1. Kin thc:

+ Gip HS phn bit c vt th, vt liu v cht.

+ HS bit cch nhn ra tnh cht ca cht c bin php s dng ng.

2. K nng:

+ Rn luyn k nng bit cch quan st, dng dng c o v th nghim nhn ra tnh cht ca cht.

+ Bit ng dng ca mi cht tu theo tnh cht ca cht.

+ Bit da vo tnh cht nhn bit cht.

3. Gio dc: C thc vn dng kin thc v tnh cht ca cht vo thc t cuc sng.

II/CHUN B :1. GV : Chun b mt s mu cht: vin phn, ming ng, cy inh st...

2. HS : Chun b mt s vt n gin: thc, compa, ..

III/.TIN TRNH LN LP: 1. n nh t chc : kim tra s s hc sinh 2. Kim tra bi c:

+ Ho hc l g?

+ Vai tr ho hc vi i sng ntn? V d?

+ Phng php hc tt mn Ha hc?

3. Bi mi:

Hng ngy chng ta thng tip xc v dng ht go, c khoai, qu chui,... Nhng vt th ny c phi l cht khng? Cht v vt th c g khc?

Hot ng ca GV v HSNi dung

Hot ng 1:Cht c u?

HS: c SGK v quan st H.T7

- Gv: Hy k tn nhng vt th xung quanh taHs: tr li mt s vd

- Gv :Thng bo cc vt th t nhin v nhn to. - Trong cc vt th t nhin c cha nhnh cht g?

- Cc vt th nhn to c lm t nhng thnh phn no?-Thng bo thnh phn cc vt th t nhin v vt th nhn to.

- Cht c u?

Gv: Phn tch mi quan h gia vt th v cht

Hot ng 2: Tnh cht ho hc ca cht. Hs: c thng tin sgk Tr 8.

-Gv: Tnh cht ca cht c th chia lm my loi chnh ? Nhng tnh cht no l tnh cht vt l, tnh cht no l tnh cht ho hc ?

-Gv: hng dn hs quan st phn bit mt s cht da vo tnh cht vt l, ho hc.

-Gv: lm th nghim xc nh nhit si ca nc, nhit nng chy ca lu hunh, th tnh dn in ca lu hunh v ming nhm.

- Mun xc nh tnh cht ca cht ta lm nh th no?

- Hc sinh lm bi tp 5.

- Gv: Bit tnh cht ca cht c tc dng g?

Cho vi vd thc tin trong i sng sx: cao su khng thm kh-> lm sm xe, khng thm nc-> o ma, bao ng cht lng v c tnh n hi, chu s mi mn tt-> lp t, xe my...I. Cht c u?

Vt th

T nhin: Nhn to:

VD: Cy c Bn gh

Sng sui Thc

Khng kh... Com pa...

=> Cht c trong mi vt th, u c vt th c cht.

II. Tnh cht ca cht. 1. Mi cht c nhng tnh cht nht nh:

Cht

Tnh cht vt l Tnh cht ha hc

Mu, mi, v... Chy

Tan, dn in,... Phn hu... xc nh tnh cht ca cht cn :

a) Quan st: tnh cht bn ngoi: mu, th... b) Dng dng c o: t0nc , t0sc) Lm th nghim: Bit c mt s TCVL v cc TCHH.2. Vic hiu cc tnh cht ca cht c li g?a) Phn bit cht ny vi cht khc b) Bit cch s dng cht an ton

c) Bit ng dng cht thch hp vo trong i sng v sn xut

4. Cng c:

Cho hc sinh nhc li cc nt dung c bn ca bi:

+ Cht c u?

+ Cht c nhng tnh cht no?

+ Lm th no bit tnh cht ca cht?

5. Hng dn v nh:

- Hc thuc l thuyt -Bi tp v nh: 1,2,3,4 SGK/11

- c ni dung phn III SGK/9,10Ngy son : 15/ 08/2014Tit 3 : CHT (T2)

I/.MC TIU BI HC:

1 . Kin thc:

+ Gip HS phn bit cht tinh khit v hn hp: cht khng c ln cht khc (cht tinh khit) mi c tnh cht nht nh, cn hn hp th khng.

+ HS bit c nc t nhin l nc hn hp v nc ct l nc tinh khit.

2. K nng:

+ Bit da vo TCVL khc nhau tch cht ra khi hn hp.

+ Rn luyn k nng quan st, tm c hin tng qua hnh v.

+ Bc u s dng ngn ng ho hc chnh xc: cht, cht tinh khit, hn hp.

3. Gio dc: C hng th nghin cu khoa hc, s dng ng cc ngn ng khoa hc vn dng vo hc tp.

II/CHUN B : 1. GV : Chun b mt s mu vt: chai nc khong, vi ng nc ct, dng c th tnh dn in2. HS : Lm cc bi tp v xem trc ni dung th nghim phn III.

III/.TIN TRNH LN LP:

1. n nh t chc: kim tra s s hc sinh 2. Kim tra bi c. - Gi HS ln bng kim

+ cht c u? Cho v d cc vt th quanh ta?+ Cht c nhng tnh cht no?

+ Lm th no bit tnh cht ca cht? 3. Bi mi:Bi hc trc gip ta phn bit c cht, vt th. Gip ta bit mi cht c nhng tnh cht nht nh. Bi hc hm nay gip chng ta r hn v cht tinh khit v hn hp.


Hot ng 1:hn hp v cht tinh khit-Hs: c sgk, quan st chai nc khong, ng nc ct v cho bit chng c nhng tnh cht g ging nhau ?

- GV hng dn HS lm th nghim c cn mt git nc ct v mt git nc khong , nhn xt v rt ra thnh phn ca nc ct , nc khong

-GV : nc t nhin l mt hn hp

-Vy em hiu th no l hn hp ?-Tnh cht ca hn hp thay i tu theo thnh phn cc cht trong hn hp* Cho hc sinh quan st chng ct nc nh H1.4a v nhit si 1.4b, ng nc ct ri nhn xt.

-Gv: Lm th no khng nh nc ct l cht tinh khit? (Nhit si, nhit nng chy, D).

-Gv: gii thiu cht tinh khit c nhng tnh cht nht nh.

- Vy cht tinh khit l g?

Hot ng 2:Tch cht ra khi hn hp.

-Gv: Tch cht ra khi hn hp nhm mc ch thu c cht tinh khit.

- C mt hn hp nc mui, ta lm sao tch mui ra khi hn hp mui v nc?

-Ta da vo tnh cht no ca mui tch c mui ra khi hn hp mui v nc?

- Hs: tm cc phng php tch cht ra khi hp hp ngoi phng php trn.

-HS cho v d .

-Cho hc sinh lm bi tp 4, bi tp 7(a,b).

III. Cht tinh khit. 1. Hn hp VD:

Nc ct

Nc khong

Ging

Trong sut, khng mu, ung c

Khc

Ch c mt chtGm nhiu chtKL: Hn hp l hai hay nhiu cht trn ln.

2. Cht tinh khit:

VD: Chng ct nc t nhin nhiu ln th thu c nc ct

Nc ct c tonc = 0oC, tos = 100oC, D= 1g/cm3...

KL: Cht tinh khit mi c nhng tnh cht nht nh.

VD: Nc ct (nc tinh khit)

3. Tch cht ra khi hn hp.VD: - khuy tan mt lng mui n vo nc ( hn hp trong sut

- un nng nc bay hi, ngng t hi ( nc ct.

- Cn nc thu c mui n.

KL: Da vo cc tnh cht vt l khc nhau c th tch c mt cht ra khi hn hp.

4. Cng c:

Cho HS nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi 2:

+ Cht c u?

+ Tnh cht ca cht:

- Lm th no bit cc tnh cht ca cht?

- ngha.

+ Cht tinh khit:

- Hn hp l g?

- Cht tinh khit th c nhng tnh cht ntn?

- C th da vo u tch cht? + Khoanh tron vao y ung trong cu sau .

Cach hp li nht tach mui t nc bin la :

a) Loc . b) Chng ct un nong . c) Bay hi bng nhit cao . d) Khng tach c .

ap an : c 5. Hng dn v nh:

- Hc thuc l thuyt

-Bi tp v nh: 6,7,8, SGK/11

- c trc ni dung bi mi

Ngy son: 15/8/2014Tit 4 : BI THC HNH 1:TNH CHT NNG CHY CA CHT - TCH CHT T HN HP.

I. MC TIU BI HC: 1. Kin thc: + HS lm quen v bit cch s dng mt s dng c th nghim.

+ HS nm c mt s quy tc an ton trong PTN.

2. K nng:

+ Bit da vo TCVL khc nhau tch cht ra khi hn hp.

+ Rn luyn k nng quan st, nu hin tng qua th nghim.

+ Bc u lm quen vi th nghim ho hc.

3. Gio dc: C hng th nghin cu khoa hc, tun th quy tc PTN, yu

khoa hc v thc nghim, tnh kin tr, cn thn, tit kim.

II.CHUN B CA GV- HS:

1. GV : Chun b 4 b dng c th nghim: Kp, phu thu tinh, a thu tinh,

cc thu tinh, n cn, nhit k, giy lc; ho cht: lu hunh, parafin, mui n.

2. HS : Xem trc ni dung bi thc hnh, c trc phn ph lc 1 tran 154-

155, n nh ch ngi PTH.

III.TIN TRNH LN LP:

1. n nh t chc: kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra

3. Bi mi:

Nu nhim v ca bi hc: tin hnh thc hnh.Hot ng ca GV v HSNi dung

Hot ng 1:Mt s quy tc an ton, cch s dng dng c, ho cht trong phng th nghim:

Gv: Gii thiu dng c th nghim v quy tc an ton khi lm th nghim.

- Ni quy phng thc hnh.

- Hs: c bng ph (mc I v II) sgk Trang 154.

Gv: Gii thiu nhn ca mt s ho cht nguy him.

Hs: Quan st cc hnh Trang 155 ri gv gii thiu cc dng v cch s dng cc dng ny trong phng TN.

Hot ng 2:Tin hnh th nghim:

Xc nh nhit nng chy ca parafin v lu hunh.

-Gv: cho hc sinh c phn hng dn trong Sgk.

- Cho Hs lm TN theo 4 nhm.

- Hng dn HS quan st s chuyn trng thi t rn -> lng ca parafin (y l nhit nng chy ca parafin, ghi li nhit ny).

- Ghi li nhit si ca nc.

-Khi nc si, lu hunh nng chy cha?

- Vy em c nhn xt g?

Gv: hng dn HS tip tc kp ng nghim un trn n cn cho n khi S nng chy. Ghi nhit nng chy ca S.

-Vy nhit nng chy ca S hay ca parafin ln hn ?

Gv: Qua TN trn, em hy rt ra nhn xt chung v s nng chy ca cc cht ntn ?

*Tch cht ra khi hn hp.

Hs: nghin cu cch tin hnh Trang 13.

Gv: Ta dng nhng phng php g tch mui ra khi hn hp mui v ct ?

I. Mt s quy tc an ton, cch s dng dng c, ho cht trong phng th nghim:

1. Mt s quy tc an ton:- Mc I Trang 154 sgk.

2. Cch s dng ho cht:-Mc II Trang 154 sgk.

-Thao tc ly ho cht lng, tt n cn, un cht lng trong ng nghim...

3. Mt s dng c v cch s dng:- Mc III Trang 155 sgk.

II. Tin hnh th nghim:

1. Th nghim 1:

* Theo di nhit nng chy ca S v parafin:

- parafin c nhit nng chy: 42oC

- Khi nc si S vn cha nng chy.

- S c nhit nng chy: 113 oC.

- Nhit n/c S > nhit n/c parafin.

* Cc cht khc nhau c th nhit nng chy khc nhau. -> gip ta nhn bit cht ny vi cht khc2.Th nghim 2:

* Tch ring cht t hn hp mui n v ct:

- So snh cht rn y ng nghim vi mui n ban u ?

-un nc lc bay hi.

-Nc bay hi thu c mui n

Hot ng 3:Lm bn tng trnh th nghim theo mu sau:

STTTn TNTin hnhHin tng

1

2

4. Cng c: Kim tra VS ca hc sinh.

5. Dn d:

Hon thnh ni dung thc hnh, xem trc ni dung bi nguyn t, xem li phn s lc v NT vt l lp 7 v tr li cc cu hi sau: Nguyn t l g? Cu to nguyn t ntn? in tch cc ht cu to nn nguyn t?

Ngy son: 20 / 08/ 2014Tit 5 :

NGUYN T

I.MC TIU BI HC: 1. Kin thc+ Gip HS bit c nguyn t l ht v cng nh, trung ho v in v t to ra c mi cht. NT gm ht nhn mang in dng, v v to bi cc electron mang in m.+ HS bit c ht nhn cu to bi proton v ntron (p v n), nguyn t cng loi c cng s p. Khi lng ht nhn c coi l khi lng ca NT.

+ HS bit c trong NT th s e = p. Eletron lun chuyn ng v sp xp thnh tng lp, nh e m NT c th lin kt vi nhau.

2. K nng:

+ Rn luyn tnh quan st v t duy cho HS. 3. Gio dc: Hnh thnh th gii quan khoa hc v to cho HS hng th hc b mn.


1. GV : Chun b sn s minh ho cu to 3 NT: hidro, oxi, natri.

2. HS : Xem li phn NT lp 7 (Vt l).

III.TIN TRNH LN LP:

1. n nh t chc: kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c: Thu bi tng trnh 3. Bi mi:

Qua cc th d v cht th c cht mi c vt th vy cht c to ra t u? tm hiu vn ny hm nay chng ta hc bi nguyn t. Hot ng ca GV v HSNi dung

*Hot ng 1:Nguyn t l g ?-GV hng dn HS s dng thng tin trong Sgk v phn c thm (Phn 1).

-HS tr li cu hi: Nguyn t l nhng ht nh th no?

-HS nhn xt mi quan h gia cht, vt th v nguyn t c lin h t vt l lp 7Nguyn t c cu to nh th no ?*GVthng bo KL ht: e =9,1095. g.

.(Tng in tch ca cc ht e c tr s tuyt i = in tch dng ht nhn).*Hot ng 2: Ht nhn nguyn t:-GV hng n HS c thng tin sgk.

? Ht nhn nguyn t to bi nhng loi ht no.

?Cho bit k hiu, in tch ca cc ht.

*GV thng bo KL ca p,n:

+ p = 1,6726. g.

+ n = 1,6748. g.

- HS c thng tin Sgk (trang 15). GV nu khi nim Nguyn t cng loi

? Em c nhn xt g v s p v s e trong nguyn t .

? So snh KL ht p, n , e trong nguyn t.

- GV phn tch , thng bo : Vy khi lng ca ht nhn c coi l khi lng ca nguyn t.

-HS lm bi tp 2.

* Hot ng 3:Lp electon:- GV thng bo thng tin Sgk.

- GV hng dn HS quan st s minh ho 3 nguyn t: H,O v Na.

? Nhn xt s lp e . S e lp ngoi cng. S p v s e.

- Dng nguyn t Na,O phn tch:

+ Na c 3 lp e.

+ O c 2 lp e.

* GV gii thch nguyn t O v cc khi nim kin thc:

- Yu cu HS dng s nguyn t Na gii thch.

* GV a s nguyn t Mg,N Ca.

? HS nhn xt s e ti a lp 1,2,3.1. Nguyn t l g ?* Nguyn t l ht v cng nh v trung ho v in, t to ra mi cht.

- Nguyn t gm:

+ Ht nhn mang in tch dng .

+ V to bi 1 hay nhiu e mang in tch m.

-K hiu : Elect ron : e (-).

V d: Nguyn t Heli (Bt5 - trang6)

2.Ht nhn nguyn t:*Ht nhn nguyn t to bi proton v ntron.

- K hiu: + Proton : p (+)

+ Ntron : n (khng mang in).

- Nguyn t cng loi c cng s p trong ht nhn (tc l cng in tch ht nhn).

S p = S e.

mht nhn mnguyn t

3. Lp electon:

* e chuyn ng rt nhanh quanh ht nhn v sp xp thnh tng lp. Mi lp c mt s e nht nh.

- VD: Cu to nguyn t Oxi.

+ Ht nhn nguyn t: c 8 in tch.

+ S p:8.

+ S e quay quanh ht nhn:8.

+ S e ngoi cng: 6

* S e ti a : Lp1: 2e.

Lp2: 8e.

Lp3: 8e.

*Kt lun: (Sgk).

4. Cng c:

- GV a ra mt s m hnh cu to ri cho HS nhn xt v s e, p, s lp, s e lp ngoi cng (bt1).

- Nhc li ton b ni dung chnh ca bi hc.

5. Dn d :

Xem trc ni dung bi nguyn t ho hc v tr li cc cu hi sau: Nguyn t ho hc l g? K hiu ho hc c vit ntn? C bao nhiu NTHH v phn loi

Lm bi tp 1, 3, (SGK) .

Ngy son :20/08/2014Tit 6 :

NGUYN T HA HC (T1)

I.MC TIU BI HC: 1. Kin thc: + Gip HS bit c nguyn t Ha hc l g, k hiu ho hc cho nguyn t nh th no, ghi nh cc k hiu. + HS bit c khi lng cc nguyn t c trong v tri t khng ng u, oxi l nguyn t ph bin nht.

2. K nng:

+ Rn luyn k nng vit k hiu ho hc, bit s dng thng tin, t liu phn tch, tng hp, gii thch vn .

3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.


1. GV : Chun b tranh v (hnh 1.8 trang 19 SGK v bng 1 trang 42), ng nghim cha 1ml nc ct.

2. HS : Xem li phn NT tit trc.

III.TIN TRNH LN LP:

1. n nh t chc: kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c. + Nguyn t l g? + Nu Cu to ht nhn nguyn t?

3. Bi mi:

Trn nhn hp sa c ghi thnh phn canxi cao, thc ra phi ni trong thnh phn sa c nguyn t ho hc canxi. Bi ny gip cc em c mt s hiu bit v nguyn t ho hc.


*Hot ng 1:Nguyn t ho hc l g?- GV cho HS nhc li khi nim nguyn t.

- GV nhc li , ly v d: Nc to bi H v O.

- HS c thng tin trong Sgk khng nh : c 1 gam nc c v s nguyn t H v O.

- GV nhc li /N.

- HS c nh ngha.

- GV phn tch: Ht nhn nguyn t to bi p v n. Nhng ch c p l quyt nh. Nhng nguyn t no c cng p th cng 1 nguyn t ho hc.

? V sao phi dng k hiu ho hc.

- GV gii thch: K hiu ho hc c thng nht trn ton th gii.

?Bng cch no c th biu din k hiu ho hc ca cc nguyn t .

- GV hng dn cch vit k hiu ho hc (Dng bng k hiu ca cc nguyn t).

- HS vit k hiu ca mt s nguyn t ho hc: 3 nguyn t H, 5 nguyn t K,

6 nguyn t Mg, 7 nguyn t Fe....

? Mi k hiu ho hc ch my nguyn t ca nguyn t.

- Cho 2 HS lm bi tp 3(Sgk trang 20)

- GV b sung un nn sai st.

I.Nguyn t ho hc l g?1. nh ngha:

- Nguyn t ho hc l tp hp nhng nguyn t cng loi c cng proton trong ht nhn.

- S p l s c trng ca nguyn t ho hc.

2.K hiu ho hc :

*K hiu ho hc biu din ngn gn nguyn t ho hc .

- Mi nguyn t ho hc dc biu din bng 1 hay 2 ch ci. Trong ch ci u c vit dng ch in hoa gi l k hiu ho hc.

*V d1:

- KHHH ca nguyn t Hyro: H.

- KHHH ca nguyn t Oxi l: O.

- KHHH ca nguynt Natri l: Na.

- KHHH ca nguyn t Canxi l: Ca.

*V d2:

3H , 5K, 6Mg , 7Fe.

* Quy c;

Mi k hiu ca nguyn t cn ch 1 nguyn t ca nguyn t .

4. Cng c:

- a ra bng hc sinh hon thnh.

- Cho cc t tho lun v cho tr li.

Tn NTKH

HHTng s ht trong NTS pS nS e

3412

1516

186

1616

5. Dn d: Xem trc ni dung phn II v tr li cc cu hi sau: n v cacbon l g? Nguyn t khi l g?

Bi tp v nh: 1, 3, 4, 5 (SGK) Ngy son : 4/ 09/2014Tit 7 :

NGUYN T HA HC (T2)

I.MC TIU: 1. Kin thc + Gip HS nguyn t khi l g? + HS bit c mi n v cacbon bng 1/12 khi lng ca nguyn t cacbon

+ Bit mi nguyn t c nguyn t khi ring bit

+ Bit s dng bng 1 (SGK - trang 42) tm cc nguyn t.

2.K nng:+ Bit da vo bng 1 trang 42 tm k hiu v nguyn t khi khi bit tn nguyn t. + Xc nh c tn v k hiu ca nguyn t khi bit nguyn t khi

+ Rn luyn k nng tnh ton.3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.

II. CHUN B CA GV- HS:

1. GV : Chun b tranh v bng 1 SGK (T42)

2. HS : Xem li phn nguyn t ho hc, lm cc bi tp, hc thuc 20 nguyn t u bng

III.TIN TRNH LN LP:

1. n nh t chc: kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c:

HS1: + NTHH l g? S g c trng cho NTHH?

+ Vit k hiu ca cc nguyn t sau: Liti, Beri, Cacbon, Nit, Oxi, Magi, Natri, Nhm, Photpho, Lu hunh.

HS2: + Tm s proton ca cc nguyn t trn.

3. Bi mi: cho cc tr s v khi lng ca nguyn t n gin, d s dng trong khoa hc ngi ta dng mt khi nim m hm nay chng ta cng nghin cu.Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung

*Hot ng 1:Nguyn t khi:

- GV cho HS c thng tin v khi lng nguyn t Sgk thy c khi lng nguyn t c tnh bng gam th s tr rt nh b..

*GV: V vy, trong khoa hc dng mt cch ring biu th khi lng ca nguyn t.

- GV thng bo NTK ca mt s nguyn t.

? Cc gi tr ny c ngha g.

- HS tr li: Cho bit s nng nh gia hai cc nguyn t .

? So snh s nng nh gia nguyn t H v C , O v S.

? C nhn xt g v khi lung khi lng tnh bng .v.C ca cc nguyn t.

* Hot ng 2:nh ngha:

? Vy NTK l g.

* GV t vn : Ghi nh sau

? Na = 24.v.C ; Al = 27.v.C c biu t nguyn t khi khng.

- HS:C.

- GV gii thch : NTK c tnh t ch gn cho nguyn t C c khi lng = 12 ch l h s thng b bt ch .v.C.

* Hot ng 3:Tra cu bng cc nguyn t.- GV hng dn cho hc sinh cch tra cu bng.

- GV nu cc nguyn t hc sinh tm NTK.

- Hc sinh tra cu theo 2 chiu:

+ Tn nguyn t, tm nguyn t khi.

+ Bit nguyn t khi,tm tn v k hiu nguyn t .

-GV cho hc sinh lm bi tp 5 ti lp.

II. Nguyn t khi:

- NTK c khi lng rt nh b. Nu tnh bng gam th c s tr rt nh.

KL 1 nguyn t C = 1,9926.g.

*Quy c: Ly 1/12 KLNT C lm n v khi lng nguyn t gi l n v cac bon (vit tt l .v.C).

1.v.C = Khi lng nguyn t C

V d: C = 12 .v.C

H = 1 .v.C

O = 16 .v.C

S = 32 .v.C

-KL tnh bng .v.Cch l khi lng tng i gia cc nguyn t NTK.

*nh ngha:

Nguyn t khi l khi lng ca nguyn t tnh bng .v.C

* Vd: Na = 23 , Al = 27 , Fe = 56 ...

* Tra cu bng cc nguyn t: (Trang 42).

- Mi nguyn t c 1NTK ring bit.

- Bit tn nguyn t Tm NTK.

- Bit NTK Tm tn v k hiu nguyn t.

4.Cng c:-cho c phn c thm sgk

-lm bi tp s3

- Cho 2 HS ln lm cc bi 5, 6 ti lp

- Cho c lp nhn xt

- GV nhn xt, b sung cn thit

GV gi 2 HS ln gii BT 5,6.

Bi tp 5: Nguyn t magie:

+ Nng hn, bng 2 ln nguyn t ccbon

+ Nh hn, bng 3/4 nguyn t lu hunh

+ Nh hn, bng 8/9 nguyn t nhm

Bi tp 6:

X =2.14 = 28

X thuc nguyn t Silic, Si

5.Dn d: Hc bi, lm bi tp 4=>8 sgk trang 20

Chun b bi mi : n cht - hp cht-phn t

Ngy son : 12/9/2014Tit 8 :

N CHT V HP CHT- PHN T (T1)

I.MC TIU BI HC: 1. Kin thc: + Gip HS hiu c n cht, hp cht l g + HS phn bit c n cht kim loi v phi kim

+ HS bit trong mt mu cht th cc nguyn t khng tch ri m lin kt vi nhau hoc sp xp lin st nhau2. K nng:+ Bit s dng thng tin, t liu phn tch, tng hp gii thch vn ( s dng ngn ng ho hc chnh xc: n cht v hp cht3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn


1. GV : Chun b tranh v cc m hnh ca: ng kim loi, kh oxi, kh hidro, nc v mui n

2. HS : n li tnh cht trong bi 2, xem trc ni dung I, II ca bi n cht v hp cht.

III.TIN TRNH LN LP:

1n nh t chc: kim tra s s2Kim tra bi c:

+ Vit k hiu ca cc nguyn t sau v cho bit nguyn t khi tng ng: Liti, Beri, Cacbon, Nit, Oxi, Magi, Natri, Nhm, Photpho, Lu hunh.

3. Bi mi:

Nu nhim v ca tit hc: Tm hiu v n cht, hp cht.Hot ng ca GV v HSNi dung

* Hot ng 1: n cht:

Gv : a ra mt s v d- Kh oxi to nn t nguyn t O.

- K.loi Natri to nn t nguyn t Na.

- K.loi nhm to nn t nguyn t A

* Kh oxi, kim loi Na, Al gi l n cht.

Vy n cht l g?- GV gii thch : C mt s nguyn t to ra 2,3 dng n cht ( V d nguyn t Cacbon).

- HS quan st tranh v cc m hnh tng trng ca than ch, kim cng.

- GV t ra tnh hung: Than ci v st c tnh cht khc nhau khng?

? Rt ra s khc nhau v tnh dn in, dn nhit ,nh kim ca cc n cht.

- GV cho hc sinh th tnh dn in v dn nhit ca cc kim loi Fe, Al, Cu.

- Hc sinh rt ra kt lun v s phn loi n cht -HS quan st tranh m hnh kimloi Cu v phi kim kh H2, kh O2.

- Em c nhn xt g v Khong cch gia cc nguyn t ng?- Em c nhn xt g v s lng nguyn t lin kt vi nhau trong mu kh oxi , kh hi ro ?

* Hot ng 2: Hp cht:- HS c thng tin Sgk.

? Cc cht: H2O, NaCl, H2SO4...ln lt to nn t nhng NTHH no.( -Nc: H2O Nguyn t H v O.

-M.n: NaCl Nguyn t Na v Cl.

-A.sunfuric: H2SO4Nguyn t H, S v O )

- GV thng bo: Nhng cht trn l hp cht.

? Theo em cht ntn l hp cht.

- GV gii thch v dn VD v HCVC v HCHC.

- GV cho hc sinh quan st tranh v m hnh tng trng ca H2O, NaCl(hnh 1.12, 1.13)

? Hy quan st v nhn xt c im cu to ca hp cht.

I. n cht:1. n cht l g?* nh ngha: n cht do 1 nguyn t ho hc cu to nn.

* Gm 2 loi n cht :

+ Kim loi.

n cht kim loi: Dn in, dn nhit, c nh kim.

+ Phi kim.

n cht phi kim: Khng dn in, dn nhit, khng c nh kim.

2.c im cu to:

- n cht KL: Nguyn t sp xp kht nhau v theo mt trt t xc nh.

- n cht PK: Nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo mt s nht nh (Thng l 2).

II.Hp cht:1.Hp cht l g?.

* nh ngha: Hp cht l nhng cht to nn t 2 NTHH tr ln.

- Hp cht gm:

+ Hp cht v c:

H2O, NaOH, NaCl, H2SO4....

+ Hp cht hu c:

CH4 (M tan), C12H22O11 (ng),

C2H2 (Axetilen), C2H4 (Etilen)....

2.c im cu to:

- Trong hp cht: Nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo mt t l v mt th t nht nh

4. Cng c:

- Cho 2 HS ln lm 3 (SGK) ti lp

- Cho c lp nhn xt

- GV nhn xt, b sung cn thit Bi 3:

* Cc n cht l: P, Mg v to bi 1 NTHH

* Cc hp cht l: kh amoniac, axit clohidric, canxicacbonat, glucz v mi cht trn u do nhiu NTHH to nn.

5. Dn d :

- Hc bi c

- Xem trc ni dung phn III trong bi n cht v hp cht - Lm bi tp 1,2 SGK T25Ngy son : 12 / 9/2014Tit 9 :

N CHT V HP CHT- PHN T (T2)

I.MC TIU BI HC:

1. Kin thc: + Gip HS hiu c phn t l g, so snh c hai khi nim phn t v nguyn t, + Bit tnh thnh tho phn t khi ca mt cht, so snh nng nh ca cc phn t

+ Cng c hiu k hn cc khi nim c hc.2.K nng+ Rn k nng tnh ton

+ Bit s dng hnh v, thng tin phn tch ( gii quyt vn . 3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.II. PHNG PHP

- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm, luyn tp.....

III.CHUN B CA GV- HS:

1. GV : Chun b tranh v 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 2. HS : n li I, II ca bi n cht v hp cht, lm cc bi tp.

IV.TIN TRNH LN LP:

1. n nh t chc: Kim tra s s

2. Kim tra bi c: HS1: Lm bi tp 1

HS2: Lm bi tp 2

3. Bi mi:

Ta bit c hai loi cht l n cht v hp cht. D l n cht hay hp cht cng u do cc ht nh cu to nn. bit l cc ht g chng ta cng nghin cu bi ny.


* Hot ng 1:Phn t:- GV treo tranh v 1.11, 1.12, 1.13 Sgk.

- HS quan st tranh v m hnh tung trng cc phn t hiro, oxi, nc.

- Em c nhn xt g v thnh phn nguyn t lin kt vi nhau to nn ht hp thnh ca kh hi ro , kh oxi , mui n ?.(VD: - Kh hiro, oxi : 2 nguyn t cng loi lin kt vi nhau.

- Nc : 2H lin kt vi 1O.

- Mui n: 1Na lin kt vi 1Cl)- Vy cc ht hp thnh ca 1 cht th nh th no?- GV: + Cc ht hp thnh ca mt cht th ng nht nh nhau v thnh phn v hnh dng v kch thc.

+ Mi ht th hin y tnh cht ca cht v i din cho cht v mt ha hc v c gi l phn t.

? Phn t l g.

- GV gii thch trng hp phn t cc kim loi; nguyn t l ht hp thnh v c vai tr nh phn t nh Cu, Fe, Al, Zn, Mg....

- Cho hc sinh nhc li nh ngha NTK.

? Tng t nh vy em hy nu nh ngha PTK.

- GV ly v d gii thch.

(H2O = 1.2 +16 = 18 vC;

CO2 = 12 + 16 . 2 = 44 vC )

- T VD trn HS nu cch tnh PTK ca 1 cht.

? Tnh PTK cc hp cht sau: O2, Cl2,CaCO3; H2SO4, Fe2(SO4)3....

III. Phn t:

1.nh ngha:

* nh ngha: Phn t l ht i din cho cht, gm mt s nguyn t lin kt vi nhau v th hin y tnh cht ho hc ca cht.

2.Phn t khi:

* nh ngha: PTK l khi lng ca 1 phn t tnh bng vc

- cch tnh PTKPTK ca mt cht = tng nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht VD:O2 = 2.16 = 32 vC Cl2 = 71 vC.

CaCO3 = 100 vC H2SO4 = 98 vC.

)

4. Cng c: * Cho HS nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi:

+ Phn t l gi?

+ Phn t khi l g ? * Cho HS lm bi tp 6

* GV nhn xt, b sung cn thit

Gii:

Bi tp 6: CO2 = 44, CH4 = 16, HNO3 = 63, KMnO4 = 158

5.Dn d:

- Hc bi

- Xem trc ni dung bi thc hnh 2, chun b mu bo co thc hnh - Lm Bi tp v nh: 4, 5, 7 (SGK) .

Ngy son : 25 / 9/2014Tit 10:

BI THC HNH 2: S LAN TO CA CHT

A.MC TIU BI HC: 1. Kin thc: + HS nhn bit c mt s loi phn t c th khuch tn ( lan ta trong cht kh , trong nc ...)2. K nng:+ Rn luyn k nng s dng mt s dng c, ho cht trong phng th nghim.

3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn, nghim tc trong khi lm th nghim.

B. PHNG PHP

- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm, thc hnh.....

C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:

1. GV : Chun b 4 b dng c th nghim: Kp, a thu tinh, cc thu tinh, ng nghim, gi ng nghim, nt cao su; ho cht: Dung dch amoniac c, tinh th KMnO4, giy qu tm

2. HS : Xem trc ni dung bi thc hnh, n nh ch ngi PTH

D.TIN TRNH LN LP:

1. n nh t chc: kim tra s s hc sinh 2. Kim tra bi c: Kim tra s chun b ca hc sinh 3. Bi mi:

S lan to ca cht lng, rn, kh khc nhau ntn th hm nay chng ta cng lm th nghim nghin cu.

Hot ng 1 : Th nghim s lan toa ca amoniac. Hot ng ca giao vin Hot ng ca hc sinh

- Cho hc sinh nu mc tiu, cc bc tin hnh th nghim 1. - Hng dn hc sinh lp dng c, cho ho cht tin hnh th nghim .

+ Cho hc sinh tin hnh th nghim , quan st hin tng . - Trong dung dich amoniac c cht amoniac ho tan lm cho giy qu tm ng nghim 1 chuyn mu xanh.

-Ti sao ng nghim 2 giy qu tm khng tip xc vi dung dich amoniac m sau mt thi gian li chuyn mu xanh ? - Nu mc tiu, cc bc tin hnh th nghim

+ Lp dng c v ho cht theo hng dn ca gio vin. + Ly 2 ng nghim , ng 1 ng dung dich amoniac v ng 2 kh . ng 1 cho giy qu tm vo, quan st . ng 2 cho giy qu tm m vo y ng nghim, t ng nghim nm ngang , ly mt t bng tm dung dich amoniac t ming ng nghim, y kn nt cao su vo ng nghim

2. Nhn xt : + ng nghim 1: Lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh.

+ ng nghim 2 : Lc u giy qu tm khng i mu, sau mt thi gian giy qu tm chuyn mu xanh . ( khi amoniac lan toa ti giy quy tim )

- Nhn xt : Trong ng nghim 2 kh amoniac lan to t bng sang giy qu tm m, kh ny tan vo nc c trong giy qu tm to thnh dung dich amoniac nn lm giy qu chuyn mu xanh

Hot ng 2 : Th nghim s lan to ca kalipemanganat.

Hot ng ca giao vin Hot ng ca hc sinh

- Cho hc sinh nu mc tiu ca th nghim v cc bc tin hnh th nghim. - Cho cc nhm tin hnh th nghim theo hng dn ca gio vin

+ Cho cc nhm bo co kt qu, c lp b sung, nh gi hot ng ca cc thnh vin trong nhm, nh gi s thnh cng ca th nghim.- i din mt nhm nu mc tiu cc bc tin hnh th nghim.

Cc nhm cn li b sung. - Tin hnh th nghim theo s hng dn ca gio vin . + Quan st v nhn xt hin tng : + Cho vo hai cc nc mi cc mt t ht kalipemanganat. Cc 1 dng a thu tinh khuy u. Cc 2 yn, quan st. - Nhn xt: + Cc 1 : Khi khuy kalipemanganat tan nhanh vo nc lm ton b nc trong dung dch chuyn mu tm. + Cc 2 : Quan st ta thy mu tm t cc ht thuc tm lan to dn ln trn.

Hot ng 3:Lm bn tng trnh th nghim theo mu sau:

STTTn TNTin hnhHin tng

1

2

4. Cng c: Kim tra VS ca hc sinh.

5. Dn d:

Hon thnh ni dung thc hnh, xem trc ni dung bi luyn tp (n li ni dung cc bi hc) v tr li cc cu hi sau: Nguyn t l g? Phn t l g? Cc kin thc lin quan n nguyn t khi v phn t khi....Ngy son : 25 / 9/ 2014Tit 11 : BI LUYN TP 1A. MC TIU :

1. Kin thc:

+ H thng ho kin thc v cc khi nim c bn: cht, n cht, hp cht, nguyn t, nguyn t ho hc, phn t.+ Cng c: phn t l ht hp thnh ca hu ht cc cht v nguyn t l ht hp thnh ca n cht kim loi.

2. K nng:

+ Rn luyn k nng phn bit cht v vt th, tch cht ra khi hn hp, theo s nguyn t ch ra cc thnh phn cu to nn nguyn t, da vo bng nguyn t khi tm nguyn t khi, phn t khi v ngc li

3. Gio dc: Phi c hng th say m hc tp, nghin cu.

B. PHNG PHP

- Ging gii, hi p, quan st ,hot ng nhm, luyn tp

C. CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : S trang 29 (SGK), bng ph ghi bi tp

* HS : n li cc khi nim hc.

D. TIN TRNH LN LP: 1. n nh t chc: kim tra s s hc sinh 2. Kim tra bi c: Thu bo co thc hnh ca hc sinh 3. Bi mi:

h thng li cc kin thc hc hm nay chng ta cng tin hnh luyn tp.


*. Hot ng 1:Kin thc cn nh:- GV cho HS nhc li cc kin thc hc(Vt th, cht, nguyn t, phn t).

- GV a s cm , hc sinh ln bng in cc t- cm t thch hp vo trng.

Vt th

(T nhin, nhn to)

(To nn t NTHH)

(To nn t 1 NTHH) (To nn t 2 NTHH tr ln)

- cht c nhng tnh cht no ? cht c to nn t nguyn t hay phn t ?

- nguyn t l g ? nguyn t c cu to ntn ?

- Nguyn t ha hc l g ?

- Nguyn t khi l g ?

- Phn t l g ? PTK l g ?* GV nhn xt, b sung v tng kt cc khi nim trn.

- GV t chc cho HS tr chi ch khc su cc khi nim hc.

- GV chia lp theo nhm, ph bin lut chi- cho im theo nhm bng vic tr li cu hi.

*Cu 1: (8 ch ci) Ht v cng nh, trung ho v in.

*Cu 2: ( 6 ch ci) Gm nhiu cht trn ln vi nhau.

*Cu 3: (7 ch ci) Khi lng phn t tp trung hu ht phn ny.

*Cu4: (8 ch ci) Ht cu to nn nguyn t, mang gi tr in tch m.

*Cu 5: (6 ch ci) Ht cu to nn ht nhn nguyn t, mang gi tr in tch dng.

*Cu6: (8 ch ci) Ch tp trung nhng nguyn t cng loi( c cng s proton trong ht nhn).

- Cc ch ci gm: ,H, ,N, P, T.

Nu hc sinh khng tr li c th c 1 gi

- GV tng kt, nhn xt.

* Hot ng 2:Bi tp:- GV a 1s bi tp ln bng ph, hng dn HS cch lm.

*Bi tp 1: Phn t mt hp cht gm 1 nguyn t nguyn t X lin kt vi 4 nguyn t hiro, v nng bng nguyn t oxi.

a, Tnh NTK ca X,cho bit tn v KHHH ca nguyn t X.

b, Tnh % v khi lng ca nguyn t X trong hp cht.

- GV hng dn: a,+ Vit CT hp cht. Bit NTK ca oxi X.

b, Bit KLNT C trong phn t, tm % C.

a, y/c 1 HS ln lm

b, +T PTK ca hp cht tm c NTK ca X.

+ Tm X.

I. Kin thc cn nh: 1. S v mi quan h gia cc khi nim:Vt th (t nhin v nhn to)

Cht (to nn t nguyn t ho hc)

n cht Hp cht

To nn t 1 Nt To nn t 2 Nt(

Kloi Pkim HC V c HC HC

VD:

2. Tng kt v cht, nguyn t v phn t:

a) Mi cht c nhng tnh cht nht nh , cht c to nn t nguyn t b) Nguyn t l ht v cng nh trung ha v iin ,gm ht nhn v lp v- Nguyn t cng s p gi l nguyn t ho hc. Nguyn t khi l khi lng nguyn t tnh bng vc c) Phn t ...

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T cha kho l : PHN TII. Bi tp:* BT 1,2 trang 30-31

* BT1: Gii:

a, KLNT oxi l: 16 vC.

- Gi hp cht l: XH4.

Ta c: XH4 = 16 vC.

X + 4.1 = 16 vC.

X = 16 -4 = 12 vC.

Vy X l Cac bon, k hiu: C.

b, CTHH ca hp cht l CH4.

KLPT CH4 = 12 + 4.1 = 16 vC.

KL nguyn t C = 12 vC.

Vy:

% C =

* BT2:( trang 31)

Gii:

a, Gi CTPT hp cht l: X2O.

Bit H2 = 2 vC, m X2O nng hn phn t Hiro 31 ln, nn: X2O = 2.31= 62 vC.

b, X2O = 2.X + 16 = 62 vC.

X =

Vy X l Natri, k hiu: Na.

4. Cng c:

Cho hc sinh nhc li 1 ln na cc khi nim quan trng.

5.Dn d:

Xem trc bi ni dung ca bi 9 v tr li cc cu hi : cng thc ho hc dng lm g? ngha ca cng thc ho hc?

Bi tp v nh: 5 (SGK).Ngy son : 5/10/2014Tit 12 : CNG THC HO HCA.MC TIU : 1. Kin thc:

+ Bit c CTHH dng biu din cht, gm mt hay 2, 3... k hiu ho hc vi cc ch s ghi chn mi k hiu (khi ch s l 1 th khng ghi). Bit cch vit CTHH ca n cht v hp cht

+ Bit cch ghi CTHH khi cho bit k hiu hay tn nguyn t v s nguyn t mi nguyn t c trong phn t.+ Bit c mi CTHH u cn ch 1 phn t ca cht. T CTHH xc nh nhng nguyn t to ra cht, s nguyn t mi nguyn t v phn t khi.

2. K nng:

+ Rn luyn k nng tnh ton (tnh phn t khi). S dng chnh xc ngn ng ho hc khi nu ngha CTHH.


B. PHNG PHP

- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm......

C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : Tranh v cc m hnh tng trng ca ng, kh hidro, nc, mui n.

* HS : n li cc khi nim n cht, hp cht, phn t.

D.TIN TRNH LN LP: I. n nh t chc: kim tra s s II. Kim tra bi c: - Gi HS ln bng kim tra:

+ n cht l g? Cho v d?

+ Hp cht l g? Cho v d?

III. Bi mi:

Cc em bit ngi ta dng KHHH biu din NTHH. Th cn cht th biu din bng cch no?Hot ng ca GV v HSNi dung

*Hot ng1:Cng thc ho hc ca n cht:- n cht l g ? - Trong CTHH ca n cht c my k hiu ha hc ?

- Vit CTHH chung ca n cht ?

-GV treo tranh v m hnh tng trng mt mu ng, kh oxi, kh hydro.

-Yu cu hc sinh nhn xt s nguyn t c trong 1 phn t mi mu n cht trn.

- i vi n cht kim loi n thng l my ?- i vi n cht kim loi n thng l my ?

-Hy vit cng thc ho hc ca n cht : kh nit , kh clo , st , mangan*Hot ng2: Cng thc ho hc ca hp cht:

- GV treo tranh m hnh mu nc, kh cacbonic, mui n.

- HS phn tch ht hp thnh ca cc cht ny.

- HS suy ra cch vit cng thc ho hc ca hp cht t cng thc chung ca n cht.

- HS nu A,B,C,x,y,z..biu din g?

- GV lu : Ch s l 1 th khng ghi.

- HS vit cng thc ho hc ca cc mu trn.

* GV cho hc sinh lm bi tp bng ph.(Phn cng thc ho hc ca hp cht).

- i din nhm lm, nhm khc nhn xt. Cch c tn.* Hot ng 3: ngha ca cng thc ho hc: -GV t vn : Cc cng thc ho hc trn cho ta bit g.

-HS tho lun nhm ri ghi vo giy tr li.

-GV tng hp li.

*GV lu cch vit :

+K hiu: 2Cl v Cl2.

+Ch s: CO2.

+H s: 2H2O, 3H2.I.Cng thc ho hc ca n cht:

- CT chung ca n cht l : AnTrong : A l KHHH ca nguyn t

n l ch s

n c th l 1 , 2,3 .... nu n=1 th khng cn vit

- i vi n cht kim loi n thng l 1

- i vi n cht kim loi n thng l 2 tr S , C , P ,Si ,.. II.Cng thc ho hc ca hp cht:

- Cng thc ho hc ca hp chtgm k hiu ca nhng nguyn t to ra cht, km theo ch s chn.

Tng qut: AB

ABC

V d: H2O, CO2, NaCl.

*Lu : CaCO3 th CO3 l nhm nguyn t.

III. ngha ca cng thc ho hc:*Mi cng thc ho hc ch 1 phn t ca cht cho bit:

-Nguyn t no to ra cht.

-S nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong 1 phn t cht.

-Phn t khi ca cht.

IV. Cng c: Yu cu HS nhc li cc ni dung chnh ca bi:

+ Cng thc chung ca n cht, hp cht

+ ngha ca CTHH

Cho HS hon thnh bi tp in bng sau:

Cng thc ho hcS Nt ca mi NtPhn t khi ca cht

SO3

CaCl2

2Na, 1S, 3O

1Ag, 1N, 3O

V. Dn d:

Xem trc bi ni dung ca bi ho tr v tr li cc cu hi : Ho tr ca 1 nguyn t c xc nh ntn? Quy tc xc nh ho tr v cch tnh ho tr ca nguyn t?

Bi tp v nh: 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK).

Ngy son : 5 / 10/ 2014Tit 13 : HO TR (T1)A.MC TIU :

1. Kin thc:

+ HS bit c ho tr l g, cch xc nh ho tr ca 1 nguyn t ho hc v 1 s nhm nguyn t thng gp+ Bit cch tnh ho tr v lp cng thc hc da vo ha tr2. K nng:

+ C k nng lp cng thc ca hp cht 2 nguyn t, tnh ho tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht.3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.

B. PHNG PHP


C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : + Tranh v bng 1 trang 42 SGK

+ Bng ghi ho tr mt s nhm nguyn t trang 43 SGK

* HS : c trc cc ni dung giao v nh trong bi ho tr.

D.TIN TRNH LN LP: I. n nh t chc: kim tra s s II. Kim tra bi c: - Gi HS ln bng kim tra:

+ Bt 3 (SGK)

+ Bt 4 (SGK)

III. Bi mi:

-Ta c th biu din hp cht ny, hp cht khc vi t l s nguyn t kt hp khc nhau. Th c s no lm c iu ? bit v sao cc em cng hc bi ho tr.Hot ng ca GV v HSNi dung

*Hot ng 1:Ho tr mt nguyn t c xc nh nh th no?* GV t vn : Mun so snh kh nng lin kt phi chn mc so snh.

- GV: Cho bit s p v n trong ht nhn nguyn t Hidro?

- HS: C 1p v 1n nn kh nng lin kt ca hiro l nh nht nn chn lm n v v gn cho H ho tr I.

- HS c thng tin Sgk.

- GV: Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t khc lin kt c vi bao nhiu nguyn t hiro th ni nguyn t c ho tr bng by nhiu.

- HS cho v d phn tch: HCl, H2O, NH3, CH4.Da vo u tnh ho tr ca:Cl,O, N, C.

?Vi hp cht khng c hydro, th xc nh ho tr nh th no.

- HS c thng tin sgk.

- HS phn tch v d: K2O, BaO, SO2.

?Xc nh ho tr nhm nguyn t nh th no.

V d: HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4, H2O (HOH).

- GV hng dn HS tra bng ho tr.

- HS lm bi tp. 2(sgk).

(KH: K c ho tr I.

H2S:S ...............II.

FeO: Fe ..........III.

Ag2O: Ag ........ I

SiO2: Si .. IV)

- Vy ha tr l g ?- Lu : Nguyn t c nhiu ho tr.

*Hot ng 2:Quy tc ho tr:

- GV phn tch v d dn dt: t du bng: H2O: 2.I = 1.II

SO2: 1.IV = 2.II

- Rt ra cng thc tng qut.

- HS c quy tc.

- GV phn tch v d v nhm nguyn t: H2CO3: 2.I = 1.II

Ca(OH)2: 1.II = 2.I

- GV hng dn HS lm bi tp 4 (sgk).

FeSO4: 1.a = 1.II( a = III. Ho tr mt nguyn t c xc nh nh th no?

* Cch xc nh:+ Quy c: Gn cho H ho tr I , chn lm n v.

+ Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t khc lin kt vi bao nhiu nguyn t Hiro th ni nguyn t c ho tr bng by nhiu.

V du : HCl: Cl ho tr I.

H2O:O............II

NH3:N ...........III

CH4: C ............IV

+Da vo kh nng lin kt ca cc nguyn t khc vi O.(Ho tr ca oxi bng 2 n v , Oxi c ho tr II).

V d: K2O: K c ho tr I.

BaO: Ba ..............II.

SO2: S ..................IV.

-Ho tr ca nhm nguyn t:

V d: HNO3: NO3c ho tr I.

V :Lin kt vi 1 nguyn t H.

H2SO4: SO4 c ho tr II.

HOH : OH .................I

H3PO4: PO4................III.

.

Ha tr l con s bieur th kh nng lin kt ca nguyn t nguyn t ny vi nguyn t nguyn t khcHa tr vit di dng ch s la m

* Kt lun: Coi nhm nguyn t nh mt nguyn t bt kII. Quy tc ho tr:

1.Quy tc:

*CTTQ: AxBy ( ax = by

*Quy tc: (sgk)

x,y,a,b l s nguyn , dng-Quy tc ny ng cho c B l nhm nguyn t.

2.Vn dng:

a.Tnh ho tr ca mt nguyn t:

ZnCl2: 1.a= 2.I ( a= II

AlCl3: 1.a= 3.I ( a = III

CuCl2: 1.a = 2.I ( a= II

IV. Cng c:

*Yu cu HS nhc li cc ni dung chnh ca bi: + Ho tr, ho tr ca H v O?

+ Quy tc ho tr * Cho HS lm bi tp: Xc nh ho tr ca nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t trong cc cng thc sau: H2SO4, N2O5, MnO2, PH3, MgO theo quy tc ho tr, bit ho tr H l I, O l II

Gii: H2SO4: S ht VI, SO4 ht II; N2O5: N ht V; MnO2: Mn ht IV, PH3: P ht III, MgO: Mg ht II V. Dn d:- n li cc khi nim hc, - Xem trc bi ni dung ca phn II. 2 bi ho tr v tr li cc cu hi : T cng thc => = ?- Lm Bi tp v nh: 1, 3, 4 (SGK).

Ngy son :10/10/ 2014Tit 14 : HO TR (T2)A.MC TIU :

1. Kin thc: + Bit cch tnh ho tr v lp cng thc hc da vo ha tr+ Tip tc cng c v CTHH.

2. K nng:

+ C k nng lp cng thc ca hp cht 2 nguyn t, tnh ho tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht.


B. PHNG PHP


C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : + Tranh v bng 1 trang 42 SGK.

+ Bng ghi ho tr mt s nhm nguyn t trang 43 SGK.

* HS : c trc cc ni dung giao v nh trong phn cn li ca bi ho tr.

D.TIN TRNH LN LP: I. n nh t chc: kim tra s s II. Kim tra bi c: HS1: Ho tr l g? Nu quy tc ho tr. Vit biu thc v cho v d c th. HS2: Bt 4 (SGK). III. Bi mi: Hm trc chng ta c cch tnh ho tr mt nguyn t khi bit CTHH, vy nu bit ho tr ri th lp CTHH bng cch no? Bi hm nay chng ta s nghin cu.Hot ng ca GV v HSNi dung

1.Hot ng 1:Tnh ho tr ca mt nguyn t:

- HS vit cng thc tng qut.

- HS vn dng cng thc tng qut gii: a.x= b.y

- Tng t: Tnh ho tr cc nguyn t st , magie , canxi , natri , photpho trong cc hp cht sau: FeCl2, MgCl2, CaCO3, Na2CO3, P2O5.

- GV hng dn HS lm bi tp 1,2, HS da vo Cl tnh ho tr cc nguyn t trong hp cht 3, 4, 5.

- HS rt ra nhn xt v p dng quy tc lm bi tp.

- Xc nh ho tr cc nguyn t trong cc hp cht sau: K2S, MgS, Cr2S3. bit =S trong hp cht c ha tr II2.Hot ng 2:

- GV cho HS lm bi tp Sgk (V d 1).

- GV hng dn HS chuyn cng thc tng qut thnh dng t l:

a.x = b.y (

(x, y l s nguyn n gin nht).

- GV hng dn HS cch tnh x,y da vo BSCNN.

- GV hng dn lp cng thc ho hc v d 2.

* Lu : Nhm nguyn t cng thc l 1 th b du ngoc n.

* HS c bi.

P (III) v H.

C (IV) v S (II).

Fe (III) v O.

- Gi 3 HS ln bng lm bi tp.

- HS tip tc lm bi tp 5 (phn 2).

*Bi tp 10.7 (Sbt).

Lp cng thc ho hc ca nhng hp cht to bi 1 nguyn t v nhm nguyn t sau:

Ba v nhm OH

Cu.............. ..NO3 Al ............... NO3 Na................PO4 Ca................CO3

Mg...............Cl1.Tnh ho tr ca mt nguyn t:

* V d: Tnh ho tr ca Al trong cc hp cht sau: AlCl3 (Cl c ho tr I).

- Gi ho tr ca nhm l a: 1.a = 3.I (a=III FeCl2 : a = II

MgCl2 : a = II

CaCO3 : a = II (CO3 = II).

Na2SO3 : a = I

P2O5 :2.a = 5.II (a = V.

* Nhn xt:

a.x = b.y = BSCNN.

2.Lp CTHHca hp cht theo ho tr:

* VD1: CTTQ: SxOy Theo quy tc: x . VI = y. II = 6.

Vy : x = 1; y = 3.

CTHH: SO3

* VD2 : Na(SO4)y

.

CTHH : Na2SO4.

* Bi tp 5: PxHy : PH3.

CxSy : CS2.

FexOy: Fe2O3.

* Cng thc ho hc nh sau:

Ba(OH)2.

Cu(NO3)2.

Al(NO)3.

Na3PO4.

CaCO3.

MgCl2.

IV. Cng c: Yu cu HS nhc li cc bc lp mt CTHH khi bit ho tr

* Cho HS lm bi tp theo nhm v np li 1 s bi chm ly im: Hy cho bit cc cng thc sau ng hay sai? Nu sai hy sa li cho ng.

a) K(SO4)2, CuO3, Na2O, FeCl3b) Ag2NO3, SO2, Al(NO3)2, Zn(OH)2, Ba2OH.

Gii:

Cc cng thc sai v sa li: a) K2SO4, CuO

b) AgNO3, Al(NO3)3, Ba(OH)2 V. Dn d: - hc bi , lm bi tp SGK - nghin cu trc bi tp trong bi luyn tp 2

Ngy son : 10/ 10/ 2014Tit 15: BI LUYN TP 2

A.MC TIU :

1. Kin thc: + HS c n tp cng c v cng thc ca n cht, hp cht; cng c c cch ghi, cch lp CTHH, cch tnh phn t khi ca cht, ngha CTHH, khi nim v ho tr v quy tc ho tr.

2. K nng:

+ Tnh ho tr ca nguyn t, bit ng sai, cng nh lp c CTHH ca hp cht khi bit ho tr, k nng lm bi tp, vit cng thc.


B. PHNG PHP

- Ging gii, hi p, quan st ,hot ng nhm, luyn tp

C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : + Phiu hc tp v bng ph.

* HS : + Xem li cc ni dung dn d tit hc trc.

D.TIN TRNH LN LP: I. n nh t chc: kim tra s s II. Kim tra bi c: kim tra xen vo bi hc III. Bi mi: Nhm cng c v n tp li cc ni dung hc chun b cho bi kim tra 1 tit sp ti, hm nay chng ta tin hnh luyn tp cc ni dung hc.Hot ng ca GV v HSNi dung

*Hot ng 1:Cc kin thc cn nh:

- HS nhc li cc kin thc cn nh v cng thc ho hc ca n cht v hp cht.

? HS nhc li khi nim ho tr.

- GV khai trin cng thc tng qut ca ho tr.

? Biu thc quy tc ho tr.

- GV a ra VD, hng dn HS cch lm.

- GV hng dn HS cch lp cng thc ho hc khi bit ho tr.

- HS: Lp cng thc ho hc ca:

+ S (IV) v O.

+ Al (III) v Cl (I).

+ Al (III) v SO4 (II).

*Hot ng 2:

* GV a ra mt s bi tp vn dng nhng kin thc hc.

+ BT1: Mt hp cht phn t gm 2 nguyn t nguyn t X lin kt vi 3 nguyn t O v c PTK l 160 vC. X l nguyn t no sau y.

a. Ca. b. Fe. c. Cu. d. Ba.

+ BT2: Bit P(V) hy chn CTHH ph hp vi quy tc ho tr trong s cc cng thc cho sau y.

a. P4O4 . b. P4O10 . c. P2O5 . d. P2O3 .

+ BT3: Cho bit CTHH hp cht ca nguyn t X vi O v hp cht ca nguyn t Y vi H nh sau: XO , YH3 .

Hy chn CTHH ph hp cho hp cht ca X vi Y trong s cc CT cho sau y:

a. XY3 b. X3Y c. X2Y3 d. X3Y2 e. XY

+ BT4: Tnh PTK ca cc cht sau:

Li2O, KNO3 (Bit Li=7,O = 16,K=39,N =14)

+ BT5: Bit s proton ca cc nguyn t :

C l 6, Na l 11.

Cho bit s e trong nguyn t, s lp e v s e lp ngoi cng ca mi nguyn t?I. Cc kin thc cn nh:

1. Cng thc ho hc:* n cht: A (KL v mt vi PK)

Ax(Phn ln /c phi kim, x = 2)

* Hp cht: AxBy, AxByCz...

Mi cng thc ho hc ch 1 phn t ca cht (tr /c A).

2. Ho tr:* Ho tr l con s biu th kh nng lin kt ca nguyn t hay nhm nguyn t.

- A, B : nguyn t , nhm n. t.

- x, y : ho tr ca A, B.

( x. a = y. b

a. Tnh ho tr cha bit:

VD: PH3 , FeO , Al(OH)3 , Fe2(SO4)3 .

* PH3: Gi a l ho tr ca P.

PH3 ( 1. a = 3. 1 a = .

* Fe2(SO4)3 : Gi a l ho tr ca Fe.

Fe2(SO4)3 ( .

* VD khc : Tng t.

b. Lp cng thc ho hc:

* Lu : - Khi a = b ( x = 1 ; y = 1.

- Khi a b ( x = b ; y = a.

( a, b, x, y l nhng s nguyn n gin nht.

b.Lp cng thc ho hc:

- HS lp:

SO2

AlCl3 Fe2(SO4)3II. Vn dng:

Bi 1

+ HS: ( 2. X + 3. 16 = 160.

X =

X = 56 vC. Vy X l Fe

( Phng n : b.

Bi 2

+ HS: ( x. V = y. II

.

x = 2; y = 5

( Phng n : c

Bi 3

+ HS: ( ( X h.tr II.

( (Y h. tr III

Vy CTHH ca X v Y l : X3Y2

( Phng n : d

Bi 4

+ HS: Li2O = 2. 7 + 16 = 25 vC.

KNO3 = 39 + 14 + 3. 16 = 101 vC.

Bi 5+ HS: - Nguyn t C c : 6 e trong nguyn t, 2 lp e v 4 e lp ngoi cng.

- Nguyn t Na c : 11 e trong nguyn t, 3 lp e v 1 e lp ngoi cng.

IV. Cng c:

- Cch lm bi tp: Lp cng thc ho hc, tnh ho tr ca mt nguyn t cha bit.

- Cho HS chp bi ca ho tr

V. Dn d:

- Hc thuc ho tr cc nguyn t c trong bng Sgk.(Bng trang 42).

- Bi tp v nh: 2, 3, 4 (Sgk).

- Lm cc bi tp trong SBT.

- n tp chun b cho gi sau kim tra vit 45 pht.

Ngy son 17/ 10/ 2014Tit 16 KIM TRA 1 TIT

A.MC TIU :

1. Kin thc: nh gi kim tra hc sinh qua cc ni dung hc trong chng trnh.

2. K nng: Rn k nng c lp trong kim tra, t duy logic ti hin.

3. Gio dc: thc nghim tc trong thi c.II. Chun b: GV: Chun b kim tra cho tng hc sinh

HS n k kin thc t tit 1 n tit 15III. Tin trnh dy hc:A. n nh lp

Kim tra s s lp

B. Kim tra bi c: C. Bi mi

-GV: pht cho tng hc sinh

-HS : Lm bi nghim tc

D . cng c

GV thu bi v kim tra s bi

E.dn d

c trc bi s bin i cht

Ngy son : 17 / 10/ 2014CHNG II: PHN NG HO HCTit 17 S BIN I CHTA MC TIU:

1. Kin thc:- Phn bit c hin tng vt l, hin tng ho hc - Bit phn bit c cc hin tng xung quanh l hin tng vt l hay hin tng ho hc.2. K nng: - C k nng quan st thc hnh th nghim.3. Gio dc: Nhn thc ng n trong nghin cu cc s vt hin tng.B. PHNG PHP

- Ging gii, hi p, quan st ,hot ng nhmC. CHUN B:

* GV: Ho cht: nc, mui, ng, bt st, bt lu hunh.

Dng c: n cn, nam chm, kp,gi th nhgim,ng nghim, cc thu tinh.

D - TIN TRNH LN LP:

bit xem cht c th xy ra nhng bin i g, thuc loi bin i no! chng ta nghin cu bi hc hm nay.

Hot ng ca thy v trNi dung

*.Hot ng 1:

*GV hng dn HS quan st hnh 2.1Sgk.

- HS quan st v m t hin tng.

? hin tng ny c s bin i v cht khng.

* GV lm th nghim pha long v un dung dch mui n.

- HS quan st v nhn xt hin tng- HS nhn xt: khi pha mui vo nc , mui tan vo nc to thnh dd c v mn , Khi c cn dung dch mui n thu c nhng ht mui n c v mn.? hin tng ny c s bin i v cht khng.? 2 hin tng trn, c g ging nhau.

- HS: Cht b bin i v trng thi m khng b bin i v cht(Vn gi nguyn l cht ban u)

( GV kt lun: S bin i cht nh th thuc loi hin tng vt l.

? Hy cho 1 vi v d v hin tng vt l.

(V d:Thu tinh nung nng b un cong).

? Vy th no l hin tng vt l.

* Hot ng 2:* Th nghim 1: GV cho HS quan st mu sc ca S v Fe, nhn xt.

Sau GV trn mt lng bt Fe v bt S va (HS quan st mu, n.xt). Chia lm 2 phn:

+ Phn1: HS dng nam chm ht v nhn xt+ Phn 2: : Nung hn hp bt Fe, S.

? HS quan st, nhn xt s thay i mu sc ca hn hp.

? GV a nam chm ti phn SP. HS nh. xt.

? So snh cht to thnh so vi cht ban u

? TN trn c sinh ra cht mi khng.

* Th nghim 2:

- GV hng dn HS lm th nghim:

Ly ng vo 2 ng nghim:

+ ng 1: nguyn (Dng so snh)

+ ng 2: un nng.

? Rt ra nhn xt hin tng xy ra ng nghim 2.

- HS: ng chuyn thnh mu en v c nhng git nc ng thnh ng nghim.

? t hin tng ng nghim 2 em rt ra kt lun g.

* GV thng bo: S bin i cht 2 TN trn thuc loi hin tng ho hc.

? Vy em hy cho bit hin tng ho hc l g?

? Du hiu chnh phn bit HTHH v HTVL- Ly VD v hin tng ha hc ? I. Hin tng vt l:

1. Hin tng 1:Nc (Nc lng ( Hi nc.

(R) (L) (H)

2. Hin tng 2:Mui nDd mui M.n.

(R) (L) (R)

*Kt lun: Nc v mui n vn gi nguyn cht ban u. Gi l hin tng vt l.

* nh ngha: Sgk.

II. Hin tng ho hc:

* Th ngim 1:* Trn hhn hp bt Fe v S. Chia lm 2 phn:

+ Phn 1:

Dng nam chm ht: St b ht v vn gi nguyn trong hn hp (C Fe v S).

+ Phn 2:

un hn hp bt Fe, S: To thnh cht mi khng b nam chm ht. l FeS (St II sunfua).

* Th nghim 2:* Cho ng vo 2 ng nghim :

+ ng nghim 1: nguyn.

+ ng nghim 2: un nng.

( ng chuyn thnh mu en, xut hin nhng git nc trn thnh ng nghim.

* Nhn xt: ng b phn hu thnh than v nc.

* Kt lun: ng, st, lu hunh bin i thnh cht khc nn gi l hin tng ho hc.

* nh ngha: Sgk.

* Du hiu phn bit: C cht mi sinh ra hay khng.

E. Cng c:- Da vo du hiu no nhn bit hin tng vt l hay hin tng ho hc?

- Hs lm bi tp 2 sgk

F. Dn d:

- Hc bi v lm bi tp SGK - c trc bi mi

Ngy son :24/10/ 2014Tit 18: PHN NG HO HCA. MC TIU:

1. Kin thc:

-Nm c khi nim v phn ng ho hc,bit c bn cht ca phn ng ho hc.

2. K nng:

-Rn k nng vit PTHH bng ch, xc nh cht tham gia, cht to thnh trong 1 phn ng ho hc. K nng lm vic vi sgk, hot ng nhm.

3. Gio dc:- C hng th trong hc tp.B . CHUN B:

* GV: Tranh phng to hnh v 2. 5 sgk.

Dng c v ho cht tin hnh th nghim t chy ng

* HS: Chun b k trc bi hc.C - TIN TRNH LN LP:

I. n nh: kim tra s sII. Kim tra bi c: Ly v d v hin tng vt l v hin tng ho hc ri t phn bit hin tng vt l vi hin ho hc?

III. Bi mi: Cc em bit cht c th bin i thnh cht khc, qu trnh gi l g? trong c g thay i? Khi no xy ra? Da vo u m bit c? lm r vn ny chng ta s ln lt nghin cu.


* Hot ng 1:- T 2 th nghim xt bi trc HS nh li v tr li.

? Fe v S c tc dng vi nhau khng . Sinh ra cht no.

-GV:Qu trnh bin i trn xy ra PHH.- Vy phn ng ha hc l g ?- GV hng dn HS cch vit PT ch v cch c, xc nh c cht phn ng v sn phm.- Yu cu HS vit PT ch ca P gia st v lu hunh ? Khi nung ng chy thnh than v nc , cht no l cht tham gia, cht no l cht to thnh (hay sn phm).- Hy vit PT ch ca P nung ng - GV a bi tp 3(50) ln bng . Yu cu HS ln bng lm.

? Trong P trn cht phn ng v cht sinh ra l nhng cht no.

* GV thng bo: Trong qu trnh phn ng, lng cht phn ng gim dn, lng cht sn phm tng dn.

* Hot ng 2:

* GV t vn nh phn u II.

- GV cho HS quan st hnh 2.5 ( bng ph) v tr li cu hi. Hy cho bit:

? Trc phn ng (hnh a) c nhng phn t no. Cc nguyn t no lin kt vi nhau.

? Sau phn ng (hnh c) cc nguyn t no lin kt vi nhau. So snh s nguyn t H v O trong (c) v trc p/ (a ).

- Vy bn cht ca phn ng ha hc l g ?I. nh ngha:

* Qu trnh bin i cht ny thnh cht khc gi l PHH.

* Tn cht phn ng ( Tn cc sn phm

( Cht tham gia) ( Cht sinh ra)

VD: Phng trnh ch:

Lu hunh + st ( St (II) sunfua.

ng ( Than + Nc.

* Bi tp 3: Parafin + oxi ( Nc + Cacbon ioxit.

(Cht tham gia) (Cht sinh ra)

II. Din bin ca phn ng ho hc:* Kt lun: Trong PHH ch c lin kt gia cc nguyn t thay i lm phn t ny bin i thnh phn t khc.

IV. Cng c:

- HS c phn ghi nh.

- GV hng dn HS c bi c thm.

- HS tr li: 1. Phn ng ho hc l gi? Cho VD minh ho.

2. Hy cho bit trong cc qu trnh bin i sau, hin tung no l hin tng vt l, hin tng ho hc. Vit PT ch ca cc PTP.

a, t cn ( ru etylic) trong khng kh to ra kh cacbonic v nc.

b, Bin g thnh giy, bn gh....

c, t bt nhm trong khng kh, to ra nhm oxit.

d, in phn nc ta thu c kh H2 v kh O2.

V. Dn d:

- Hc bi.

- Bi tp v nh: 2, 5, 6 (Sgk).

Ngy son : 24/10/ 2014Tit 19 : PHN NG HO HC (tip theo)A MC TIU:

1. Kin thc:

- Bit c phn ng ho hc ch xy ra khi cc cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau; mt s phn ng cn c thm iu kin khc mi xy ra.

- Bit nhn bit c phn ng ho hc.

2. K nng:

Rn k nng quan st nhn bit. K nng lm vic vi sgk, hot ng nhm.

3. Gio dc:C hng th trong hc tp.

Nhn bit c phn ng xy ra

B . CHUN B:*GV: - Ho cht: Zn (Al). Dung dch HCl. Pht pho . Dung dch Na2SO4. Dung dch BaCl2. Dung dch CuSO4.

- Dng c: ng nghim, kp g, n cn, mi st.

* HS: Chun b k trc bi hc.C - TIN TRNH LN LP:

I. n nh: Kim tra s s II. Kim tra bi c: Nu nh ngha phn ng ho hc? Bn cht ca phn ng ho hc?

III. Bi mi:


* .Hot ng 1:

* GV lm th nghim hnh 2.6 Sgk.

+ TN: Cho 1ml dung dch HCl vo ng nghim c cha sn mt vi mnh km.

? HS quan st v nu hin tng.

- HS: C bt kh xut hin, mnh Zn tan dn.

? TN trn mun PHH xy ra cn phi c iu kin g.

- GV: Nu din tch tip xc ln th phn ng xy ra cng nhanh.

* GVt vn : Nu P, C hoc S trong khng kh th cc cht c t bc chy khng.

+ TN: Cho P vo mui st v t trn ngn la n cn.

? HS quan st v nhn xt.

? Vy ta cn phi lm th no P xy ra.

- GV: C mt s phn ng khng cn n nhit . VD: Ph ng gia Zn v HCl.

* GV t vn : Nhn dn ta thng hay nu ru, th qu trnh chuyn ho t tinh bt sang ru cn c iu kin g?

- HS: C men r lm cht xc tc.

? Cht xc tc c tc dng g.

- HS: Kch thch cho phn ng xy ra nhanh hn....

- GV dn VD Sgk.

? Vy khi no th PHH xy ra.

- GVhng dn HS lm bi tp 4 (Sgk)

* Hot ng 2:

GV hng dn hc sinh lm th nghim: + Cho inh Fe (hoc Zn) vo dung dch CuSO4.

+ Cho dd BaCl2 t/d vi dd H2SO4.

- HS lm th nghim v quan st hin tng xy ra.

? Bit c PHH ny xy ra nh vo du hiu no.

- HS: C cht mi to ra.

- GV: Ta c th bit c nh vo trng thi nh :

+ C cht kh bay ra (Cho Zn t/d vi HCl) + To thnh cht rn khng tan nh BaSO4 + S pht sng (P, ga, nn chy).

+ Mu sc bin i ( Fe t/d vi CuSO4III. Khi no th phn ng ho hc xy ra?

- Cc cht phn ng tip xc vi nhau.

- Cn un nng n mt nhit no (tu mi P c th) .

- Mt s phn ng cn c mt cht xc tc.

*Kt lun: Phn ng ho hc xy ra khi cc cht tip xc vi nhau, cung cp nhit v cht xc tc

IV. Lm th no nhn bit c c phn ng ho hc xy ra?

* Du hiu nhn bit: C cht mi to ra.

- Mu sc.

- Trng thi.

- Tnh tan.

- S to nhit, pht sng.

IV. Cng c:

1. Khi no th PHH xy ra? Da vo du hiu no nhn bit c cht mi xut hin?

2. Nh vi gt dung dch HCl vo mt cc vi ( thnh phn chnh l Canxi cacbonat) ta thy c xut hin bt kh ni ln.

a, Du hiu no cho ta thy c PHH xy ra?

b, Vit PT ch ca phn ng, bit rng sn phm l cc cht: Can xi clorua, nc v Cacbon ioxit.

V. Dn d- Hc bi v lm bi tp trong v bi tp

- c phn c thm SGK T51

- c trc bithc hnh 3 , chun b mu bo co

Ngy son : 30/10/ 2014Tit 20: BI THC HNH 3 A . MC TIU:1. Kin thc:

- HS phn bit c hin tng vt l v hin tng ho hc.

- Nhn bit c du hiu c phn ng ho hc xy ra.

2. K nng:

- Rn luyn k nng s dng dng c, ho cht trong phng th nghim.

3. Gio dc:- Gio dc thc cn thn, v sinh khi lm th nghim.

B. CHUN B:* GV:

- Dng c: Gi th nghim, ng thu tinh, ng ht. ng nghim (c nh s th t 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). ng 1, 3 ng nc, ng 4, 5 ng nc vi trong. Kp g, n cn.- Ho cht: Dung dch Natriccbont. Dung dch nc vi trong. Thuc tm.* HS: Xem k trc bi hc.C - TIN TRNH LN LP:

I. n nh: kim tra s s II. Bi c:

Phn bit hin tng vt l v hin tng ho hc? Cho v d?

Du hiu nhn bit c phn ng ho hc xy ra?

III. Bi mi:

Trong bi thc hnh ny gip ta phn bit c hin tngvt l v hin tng ho hc, du hiu c phn ng ho hc xy ra.Hot ng ca thy v trNi dung

1.Hot ng 1:

- GV nu tin trnh bi thc hnh.

- GV hng dn HS lm thc hnh v bo co kt qu th nghim.

* GV hng dn lm th nghim 1(Sgk).

Ly 1 lng thuc tm, chia 3 phn:

+ Phn I: B vo nc, lc cho tan.

+ Phn II: B vo ng nghim, un nng. ngui, nc vo, lc cho tan.

- HS lm th nghim.

- HS nhn xt hin tng v rt ra kt lun u l Hin tng vt l v hin tng ho hc?-Hng dn HS vit phng trnh ch.

2.Hot ng 2:

*GV hng dnHS lm th nghim 2(Sgk).

a. Dng ng tt thi hi th vo:

+ ng 1:ng H2O.

+ ng 2: ng nc vi trong.

- HS quan st v nhn xt.

? Trong hi th ra c kh g. Khi thi vo 2 ng c hin tng g.

- GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh ch.

*GV hng dn HS lm th nghim 3(Sgk)

dung dch Natri cacbonat vo:

+ ng 1: ng nc.

+ ng 2: ng nc vi trong.

? HS nu du hiu ca PHH.- GV gii thiu cht tham gia phn ng v cht to thnh sau phn ng.- GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh ch.

* GV yu cu HS vit bn tng trnh.I. Tin hnh th nghim:1.Th nghim 1: Ho tan v un nng kali pemanganat (thuc tm)

+ ng 1: Cht rn tan ht HTVL.

+ ng 2: Cht rn khng tan ht, lng xung y ng nghim , dung dch t mu tm chuyn thnh mu xanh HTHH.

- Phng trnh ch:

Kali pemanganat Kali pecmanganat + Mangan ioxit + oxi.

2.Th nghim 2: Thc hin phn ng vi canxi hiroxit.

* Nhn xt:

- ng 1:Khng c hin tng.

- ng 2: C PHH xy ra. Nc vi trong b c (C cht rn to thnh).

- Phng trnh ch:

Cacbon ioxit + Canxi hiroxit

Canxi cacbonat + Nc

* Nhn xt:+ ng 1: Khng c hin tng.

+ ng 2: C phn ng ho hc xy ra. C cht rn khng tan trong nc.

- phng trnh ch:

Natri cacbonat + Canxi hiroxit

Canxi cacbonat + Natri hiroxit.

II. Bn tng trnh:

- Hc sinh vit v np bn tng trnh.

IV. Cng c:

- GV nhn xt bui thc hnh.

- Cho cc nhm HS lm v sinh phng thc hnh .V. Dn d: - V nh n tp cc kin thc hc cc bi trc: Nguyn t, phn t, n cht, hp cht, ho tr, phn ng ho hc, du hiu phn ng ho hc xy ra.

- c bi : nh lut bo ton khi lng.

Ngy son : 30/10/ 2014Tit 21: NH LUT BO TON KHI LNGA. MC TIU:

1. Kin thc:

- HS hiu c ni dung ca nh lut, bit gii thch nh lut da vo s bo ton v khi lng ca nguyn t trong phn ng ho hc.

- Bit vn dng nh lut lm bi tp ho hc.

2. K nng: Tip tc nu k nng vit phng trnh ch cho HS.3. Gio dc: Gio dc thi cn thn, yu thch b mn.B. CHUN B:

- Dng c: cn, 2 cc thu tinh. - Ho cht: + Dung dch Bariclorua.

+ Dung dch Natrisunpht

C. TIN TRNH LN LP: I. n nh lp : kim tra s s II. Kim tra bi c: - Khi no th PHH xy ra? Du hiu nhn bit c phn ng ho hc xy ra?

Cho v d?

III. Bi mi:

Trong qu trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra khi cc cht ban u v cht to thnh c thay i khng? Liu chng c bng nhau khng? l ni dung ca bi ngy hn nay.


1.Hot ng 1:* GV lm th nghim hnh 2.7 (Sgk).

+ t trn a cn A 2 cc (1) v (2) c cha 2 dung dch BaCl2 v Na2SO4.

+ t qu cn ln a B cho cn thng bng.

- Gi 1-2 HS ln quan st v tr kim cn.

( Kim cn v tr thng bng)

- Sau GV cc 1 vo cc 2, lc cho dung dch trn vo ln nhau.

? HS quan st hin tng. Nhn xt v tr kim cn.

( C cht rn mu trng xut hin - c PHH xy ra. Kim cn vn v tr thng bng)

? Trc v sau khi lm th nghim, kim ca cn vn gi nguyn v tr. C th suy ra iu g.

- GV thng bo: y chnh l c bn ca ni dung nh lut bo ton khi lng.

- GV gii thiu 2 nh bc hc Lmnxp (Nga) v Lavoadie (Php).

2.Hot ng2:

? HS nhc li ni dung nh lut (1-2 HS).

? GV yu cu HS ln bng vit phng trnh ch ca phn ng.

- sao Trong mt PHH, tng khi lng ca cc cht sn phm bng tng khi lng ca cc cht tham gia phn ng ? - HS tr li.

- GV b sung: Trong phn ng ho hc: din ra s thay i lin kt gia cc nguyn t, cn s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t gi nguyn v khi lng ca cc nguyn t khng i. V vy tng khi lng ca cc cht c bo ton, lm cho phn t cht ny bin i thnh phn t cht khc.

3.Hot ng 3:

- GV: Gi s c P gia A v B to ra C v D th cng thc v khi lng c vit nh th no?

- GV: Dng k hiu khi lng ca cc cht l m.

? HS vit tng qut.

? T phng trnh ch ca PHH trn, p dng v vit cng thc v khi lng ca P.

- HS ln bng vit.

- GV gii thch: T CT ny, nu bit KL ca 3 cht ta tnh c KL ca cc cht cn li.

*Bi tp : t chy hon ton 3,1g Photpho (P) trong khng kh, ta thu c 7,1 g hp cht iphotpho pentaoxit (P2O5).

a. Vit PT ch ca phn ng.

b. Tnh khi lng oxi phn ng.

- HS p dng nh lut gii bi tp.1.Th nghim :(Sgk).

* Kt lun: Tng khi lng ca cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi lng ca cc cht to thnh sau phn ng.2. nh lut :

* Trong mt PHH, tng khi lng ca cc cht sn phm bng tng khi lng ca cc cht tham gia phn ng.

- Phng trnh phn ng:

Bari clorua + Natri sunfat (Bari sunfat + Natri clorua.

* Gii thch nh lut : Trong phn ng ho hc: din ra s thay i lin kt gia cc nguyn t lm cho phn t cht ny bin i thnh phn t cht khc cn s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t gi nguyn v khi lng ca cc nguyn t khng i. V vy tng khi lng ca cc cht c bo ton3. p dng:

* Tng qut:

A + B C + D

Ta c :

mA + mB = mC + mDmbari clurua + mnatri sunfat = mbarisunfat + mnatri clorua

* VD:

a.Phng trnh ch:

Photpho + Oxi iphtpho pentaoxit.

b. Theo LBTKL ta c:

mphot pho + moxi= mi phot pho penta oxit

IV.Cng c: - HS c phn ghi nh. - Nu nh lt v gii thch.

V. Dn d:

- Hc bi.

- Lm bi tp: 1,2,3 (Tr 54 - Sgk). - c trc bi mi

Ngy son : 5/11/ 2014Tit 22:

PHNG TRNH HO HC

A. MC TIU:

1. Kin thc: Gip hc sinh hiu c PTHH dng biu din phn ng ho hc gm cng thc ho hc ca cc cht phn ng v sn phm vi h s thch hp.

- HS hiu c ngha ca PTHH l cho bit t l v s nguyn t, s phn t gia cc cht trong phn ng.

- HS bit cch lp PTHH khi bit cc cht phn ng v sn phm

2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng lp PTHH

3. Gio dc: Gio dc s cn thn cho hc sinh.

B. PHNG TIN DY HC:

1. GV: Gio n + bng ph

2. HS: Lm bi tp

- Hc trc bi PTHH

C. TIN TRNH LN LP:

I. n nh: kim tra s s II. Kim tra bi c:

Gi 2 hc sinh ln lm bi tp 2,3 sgk/54

III. Bi mi: biu din cho phn ng ho hc ngi ta lp PTHH. Vy PTHH c lp nh th no ta nghin cu bi hc hm nay!


-GV hng dn hc sinh : Da vo phng trnh ch:

*Bi tp 3: HS vit cng thc ho hc cc cht trong phn ng (Bit rng:Magi oxit gm: Mg v O).

-GV: Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng: S nguyn t mi nguyn t trc v sau phn ng khng i.

-HS nu s nguyn t oxi 2 v phng trnh.

-GV hng dn HS thm h s 2 trc MgO.

-GV dn dt HS lm cho s nguyn t Mg 2 v phng trnh cn bng nhau.

-HS phn bit s 2 trc Mg v s 2 t phn t O2.

(H s khc ch s).

-GV treo tranh 2.5 (sgk).

-Hs lp phng trnh ho hc gia Hydro, oxi theo cc bc:

+Vit phng trnh ch.

+Vit cng thc ho hc cc cht trc v sau phn ng.

+Cn bng s nguyn t mi nguyn t .

-GV lu cho HS vit ch s, h s.

-GV chuyn qua gii thiu knh hnh sgk.

2.Hot ng 2:

-Qua 2 v d trn HS rt ra cc bc lp phng trnh ho hc.

-HS tho lun nhm.

-i din nhm nu kin ca nhm .

-GV cho bi tp1 (Bng ph).

*t chy P trong Oxi thu c P2O5.

-HS lm : Gi 2 HS c phn ng ho hc.

*Bi tp 2: (GV dng bng ph).

Fe + Cl2 FeCl3 SO2 + O2 SO3Al2O3 + H2SO4 ( Al2(SO4)3 + H2O

-GV hng dn HS cn bng phng trnh ho hc.

-Gi HS ln bng cha bi.

3.Hot ng3:

-GV pht cho mi nhm hc sinh 1 bng c ni dung sau:

Al + Cl2 ?

Al + ? ( Al2O3.

Al(OH)3 ? + H2O

-GV pht ba v ph bin lut chi.

-Cc nhm chm cho nhau v rt ra cch lm .

-idin cc nhm gii thch l do t cc ming ba.

-GV tng kt tr chi, chm im nhn xt.I. Lp phng trnh ho hc:

1. Phng trnh ho hc:

*Phng trnh ch:

Ma gi + oxi ( Magi oxit.

*Vit cng thc ho hc cc cht trong phn ng:

Mg + O2 ( MgO

2Mg + O2( 2MgO

*V d: Lp phng trnh ho hc:

-Hydro + oxi ( Nc.

H2 + O2 ( H2O

2H2 + O2 (2 H2O

*Phng trnh ho hc biu din ngn gn phn ng ho hc.2. Cc bc lp phng trnh ho hc:

- Bc 1 : Vit s phn ng gm CTHH ca cc cht phn ng v sn phm- Bc 2 : Cn bng s nguyn t mi nguyn t

- Bc 3 : Vit PTHH*Bi tp 1:

4P + 5O2 2P2O5*Bi tp 2: 2Fe + 3Cl2 2 FeCl3 2SO2 + O2 2SO3Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 ( Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O

3 .Luyn tp cng c:

2Al +3 Cl2 2AlCl34Al + 3O2( 2Al2O3.

2Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O

IV. Cng c:

-HS nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi.

-HS c phn ghi nh.

V. .Dn d:

-Hc bi. Lm bi tp: 2,3,5,7, (sgk- 57,58).

- Xem trc phn cn li ca bi.

Ngy son : 5/11/ 2014Tit 23: PHNG TRNH HO HC( TIP THEO)A. MC TIU:

-Hc sinh hiu c ngha phng trnh ho hc.

-Bit xc nh t l s nguyn t, phn t gia cc cht trong phn ng.

-Rn k nng lp phng trnh ho hc.- Gio dc thc cn thn cho HSB.PHNG TIN DY HC:

1. GV: Thm nhp gio n.

2. HS: Xem trc phn cn li ca bi.

C. TIN TRNH LN LP:

I. n nh: Kim tra s s

II. Kim tra bi c:

Phng trnh ho hc l g? nu cc bc lp PTHH?

III. Bi mi: PTHH c ngha nh th no ta nghin cu bi hc hm nay!Hot ng ca thy v trNi dung

1.Hot ng1:

-HS cho v d v phn ng ho hc.

-GV yu cu HS tho lun nhm tr li: Nhn vo phng trnh ho hc cho ta bit iu g?

-HS nu kin ca nhm .

-GV tng kt li.

-HS vit phng trnh phn ng ho hc. Cho bit t l s nguyn t, phn t .

-GV yu cuH lm bi tp 2 sgk.

2.Hot ng 2:

*Bi tp 1: t chy st trong kh clo thu c st (III) clorua . Lp phng trnh ho hc.Cho bit t l s nguyn t , phn t cc cp cht (Tu chn).trong phn ng.

*Bi tp 2: t chy kh Mtan trong khng kh thu c CO2 v H2O.

-HS vit phng trnh phn ng.

-GV lu cch vit h s cch tnh s nguyn t cc nguyn t .-HS lm bi tp 6,7 (sgk).

II. ngha ca phng trnh ho hc:

V d: 2H2 + O2 2H2O

-Bit t l s phn t cc cht .

*V d: Bi tp 2 (sgk).

*4Na + O2 ( 2Na2O

*P2O5 + 3H2O ( 2H3PO4 1 3 2

2. p dng:

*2Fe + 3Cl2( 2FeCl3

*CH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

*Lu :

-H s vit trc cng thc ho hc cc cht (Cao bng ch ci in hoa).

-Nu h s l 1 th khng ghi.

*Ghi nh: SGK T57.

IV. Cng c:

C cc PTHH sau: K + H2O ( KOH

2 Ca + O2 ( 2CaO

H2 + O ( H2O

Hy cho bit PTHH no ng ? PTHH no sai ? V. Dn d:

Hc bi lm bi tp cn li sgk. Chun b k trc bi tp bi luyn tp.

Ngy son : 13/11/ 2014Tit 24: BI LUYN TP 3A. MC TIU:

1. Kin thc: Gip hc sinh cng c kin thc v phn ng ho hc, nm c nh ngha, bn cht, K v du hiu nhn bit.

- Nm uc ni dung ca LBTKL, gii thch v p dng c

- Nm c PTHH l biu din ngn gn phn ng ho hc v ngha PTHH.

2. K nng: Phn bit c hin tng ho hc

- Lp c PTHH khi bit cht phn ng v sn phm

3. Gio dc: thc t hc v s ham thch b mn

B. CHUN B:

1. GV: H thng cu hi khi qut kin thc cn nh.

2. HS: Chun b k trc bi tp bi luyn tp.

C. TIN TRNH LN LP:

I. n nh: kim tra s s

II. Kim tra bi c: PTHH cho ta bit iu g ?III. Bi mi:

Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung

1.Hot ng 1:

-GV treo bng c mt s phn ng ho hc biu din bng cc phng trnh ho hc.

-HS nu cht tham gia, cht to thnh. Cn bng phng trnh ho hc.- Lp PTHH phi lm g ? vn dng lm - ngha ca phng trnh ho hc.

2.Hot ng 2:

*Bi tp: Vit phng trnh ho hc biu din cc qu trnh bin i sau:

a.Cho km vo dung dch HCl thu c ZnCl2 v H2.

b.Nhng dy nhm vo dung dch CuCl2 to thnh Cu v AlCl3.

c.t Fe trong oxi thu c Fe3O4.

*Bi tp 2: (sgk).-HS c .

-Tho lun, chn phng n ng.

*Bi tp 3 (sgk): (Ghi bng ph).

Nung 84 kg MgCO3 thu c m gam MgO v 44 kg CO2.

a.Lp phng trnh ho hc.

b.Tnh m ca MgO.

-HS lm bi tp.

-GV hng dn *Bi tp 4: Cho kim loi nhm phn ng va vi 2,3g axit clohidric (HCl), sau phn ng thu c 6,8g nhm clorua (AlCl3) v gii phng 0,2g kh H2.

a) Vit PTHH ca phn ng xy ra?

b) Vit cng thc v khi lng ca phn ng

c) Tnh khi lng nhm tham gia phn ng?

Bi tp5 : Lp PTHH v cho bit t l ca cc cht trong cc s phn ng ha hc sau:

a)Na + O2 -------> Na2O

b)KClO3 ------->KCl + O2c) CuO + H2 -------> Cu + H2O1.Kin thc cn nh:

*V d: N2 + 3H2 2NH3

*Cch lp phng trnh ho hc:3 bc.- Vit s ca p, gm CTHH ca cc cht p v sn phm.

- Cn bng s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t bng cch chn cc h s thch hp in vo trc cc CTHH.- Vit PTHH.

Lu : Khi chn h s cn bng:

+ Khi gp nhm nguyn t -> Cn bng nguyn c nhm.

+ Thng cn bng nguyn t c s nguyn t l cao nht bng cch nhn cho 2,4

+ Mt nguyn t thay i s nguyn t 2 v PT, ta chn h s bng cch ly BSCNN ca 2 s trn chia cho s nguyn t ca nguyn t .

2.Vn dng:*Bi tp 1: a.Zn + 2HCl ( ZnCl2 + H2(b. 2Al + 3CuCl2 ( 2AlCl3 + 3Cu(c.3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4

*Bi tp 2: p n D ng.

V: Trong phn ng ho hc phn t bin i, cn nguyn t gi nguyn.

Nn tng khi lng cc cht c bo ton.

*Bi tp 3:

Gii:

a. MgCO3MgO + CO2(b.Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:

*Bi tp 4: a. 2Al + 6HCl ( 2AlCl3 + 3H2 .

b. Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:

mAl + mHCl = mAlCl3 + mH2

C. mAl = mAlCl3 + mH2 - mHCl= 6,8 + 0,2 2,3 = 4,7(g)

Bi tp5A) 4Na + O2 ( 2 Na2O b) 2KClO3 ( 2KCl + 3 O2c) CuO + H2 ( Cu + H2O

IV. Cng c:

- Lp PTHH phi lm g ? vn dng lm Fe (OH)3 Fe2O3 + H2O

- Trong phn ng ho hc cc nguyn t v phn t nh thno?

V. Dn d:

n tp ni dung hc trong chng 2 tit sau kim tra 1 tit.

Ngy son : 20/11/ 2014Tit 25:

KIM TRA 1 TITI. MC TIU:

1. Kin thc: nh gi kim tra hc sinh qua cc ni dung hc trong chng trnh.

2. K nng: Rn k nng c lp trong kim tra, t duy logic ti hin.

3. Gio dc: thc nghim tc trong thi c.

II. PHNG TIN DY HC:

1. GV: Gio n

- kim tra v giy kim tra .

2. HS: n tp ni dung chng 2.III. Tin trnh dy hc:A. n nh lp

Kim tra s s lp

B. Kim tra bi c: C. Bi mi

-GV: pht cho tng hc sinh

-HS : Lm bi nghim tc

D . cng c

GV thu bi v kim tra s bi

E.dn d

c trc bi Mol

MA TRN KIM TRA

Ni dung kin thc Mc nhn thcCng

Nhn bitThng hiuVn dng

Vn dng

mc cao hn

S bin i chtNhn bit hin tng vt l, hin tng ha hc

S cu

S im1 cu

0,5 1 cu

0,5

(5%)

Phn ng ha hc- Nhn bit c cht tham gia v cht sn phm

- Hiu c bn cht ca phn ng ha hc

S cu

S im1 cu

0,5 1 cu

0,5 2 cu

1,0

(10%)

nh lut bo ton khi lng- T phng trnh ha hc nhn bit cng thc ca nh lut BTKL cho phn ng

- Vit c cng thc ca nh lut theo PTHHDa vo nh lut tnh c khi lng cht tham gia, cht sn phm

S cu

S im2 cu

1

1 cu

1,0 3 cu

2,0 (20%)

Phng trnh ha hc- Dng h s in vo s hon thnh PTHH

- Lp c PTHH khi bit cc cht tham gia v cht sn phmDng h s v cng thc ha hc hon thnh PTHHT PTHH ch ra c t l ca cc cht cng nh tng cp cht trong PTHHT PTHH xc nh c h s cn bng hay ch s ca cc nguyn t( nhm nguyn t)

S cu

S im3 cu

2,0 2 cu

1,0 1 cu

3,0 1 cu

0,5 7 cu

6,5 (65%)

Tng s cu

Tng s im7 cu

4,0

(40%)3 cu

1,5

(15%) 2 cu

4,0

(40%)1 cu

0,5

(5%)13 cu

10,0

(100%)

th ngy thng nm 2014 kim tra 1 tit

mn:ha hc 8h v tn: ..lp 8imLi ph ca gio vin

Cu 1:(1 im) Phn ng ha hc l g? Cho v d ?Cu 2: (3 im)

Lp phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng sau v cho bit t l cc nguyn t, phn t ca mi phn ng:

a. Al + HCl ( AlCl3 + H2

b. Fe2O3 + CO ( Fe + CO2 c. Na + O2 ------> Na2O.

d. FexOy + CO ------> Fe + CO2

e. Cu + O2 ------> CuO f. CaO + HNO3------> Ca(NO3)2 + HOCu 3:(2 iem )

Khi nh axit clo hiric vo dy st , dy st tan dn ra v thy si bt kh.

a) Du hiu no cho thy c phn ng ho hc xy ra ?b) Vit phng trnh ch ca phn ng, bit rng bt kh thot ra l kh hiro v c mui st (II) clorua to thnh .

Cu 4:(4 iem)

Cho 65g kim loi km tc dng vi axt clohiric (HCl) thu c 136g mui km clorua (ZnCl2) v 2g kh hiro (H2)

a. Lp phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng.

b. Cho bit t l s nguyn t, phn t gia cc cht trong phn ng.

c. Tnh khi lng axit clohric dng.

Bi lm.P NCu 1Nu c khi nim

Ly c VD0,5

0,5

Cu 2 a. 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2

T l: 2 : 6 : 2 : 3b. Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 T l: 1 : 3 : 2 : 3

c. 4Na + O2 2Na2O.

T l: 4 : 1 : 2 d. . FexOy + yCO ------> x Fe + yCO2

T l: 1 : y : x : y e. 2Cu + O2 ------> 2CuO T l: 2 : 1 : 2

f. . CaO + 2HNO3------> Ca(NO3)2 + HOT l: 1 : 2 : 1 : 1

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

Cu 3- Dy st tan dn ra v thy si bt khb) km + axit clohiric -> st (II) clorua + kh hiro11

Cu 4a. Zn + 2HCl ( ZnCl2 + H2

b. T l:

Nguyn t Zn: phn t HCl: phn t AlCl3: phn t H2 = 1:2:1:1

c. Theo L BTKL: m Zn + m HCl = +

( m HCl = + - m Zn = 136 + 2 65 = 73g

Vy khi lng HCl dng ht l : 73 (g)1

1

1

1

Tng10,0

Ngy son : 20/11/ 2014Chng III: MOL V TNH TON HA HCTit 26: MOLA. MC TIU:

1. Kin thc: Gip hc sinh bit c khi nim Mol l g? Khi lng Mol l g?

- Bit c th tch Mol ca cht kh v pht biu ng cc khi nim .

2. K nng: Vn dng c lm bi tp tnh c khi lng, th tch ca cht kh.

3. Gio dc: thc t hc v lng ham m

B. PHNG TIN DY HC:1. GV : SGK + SGV

2. HS : c trc bi molC. TIN TRNH LN LP: I. n nh: kim tra s s

II. Kim tra bi c: Nhn xt bi kim tra

III. Bi mi:Hot ng ca GV - HSNi dung

Hot ng 1:-GV thuyt trnh v sao c khi nim v mol.

-GV: Mol l lng cht cha 6.1023 nguyn t hoc phn t cht .

-HS c khi nim v phn em c bit.

?1mol Fe cha bao nhiu nguyn t Fe.

?1 mol nguyn t H c bao nhiu nt H. ?3 mol nguyn t H c bao nhiu nt H.

?1 mol phn t H2 c bao nhiu ph.t H2?5 mol phn t H2 c bao nhiu ph.t H2 ?4 mol pht H2O c bao nhiu ph.t H2O

? 1 mol Al cha bao nhiu nguyn t Al.

-GV dng bng ph (c bi tp).

*Bi tp 1: in ch vo p n m em cho l ng.

a.S nguyn t Fe c trong 1 mol nguyn t Fe bng s nguyn t Mg c trong 1 phn t Mg?

b.S nguyn t O c trong 1 phn t oxi bng s nguyn t Cu c trong 1 mol nguyn t Cu?

c.0,25 mol phn t H2O c 1,5. 1023 phn t nc.

-HS lm bi tp vo v.

-1 em ln bng lm bi sau HS khc b sung.

2.Hot ng 2:

-GV cho HS c thng tin trong sgk v khi lng mol.

-GV dng bng ph yu cu HS in ct 2 cho y .

-GV a gi tr mol ct 3.

-HS so snh phn t khi v khi lng mol ca cht .

-GV dng bng ph: (c bi tp 2).

*Bi tp 2: Tnh khi lng mol ca cc cht : H2SO4, Al2O3, SO2, C6H12O6, O2.

-Gv thu 10 quyn v chm ly im v nhn xt.

3.Hot ng 3:

-GV lu : Phn ny ch ni n th tch mol cht kh .

-HS c thng tin sgk.

-GV dng tranh v hnh 3.1 cho HS quan st.

-HS quan st nhn xt .

(Khi lng mol v th tch mol).

-GV nu ii kin nhit , p sut (th tch V), to= 00C , P = 1at.

4.Hot ng 4:

*GV a bi tp 3: (Bng ph).

?Hy cho bit cu no ng, cu no sai:

1. cng iu kin nhit , V ca 0,5 mol kh N2 = V ca 0,5 mol kh SO3.

2. ktc th tch ca 0,25 mol kh CO l 5,6 lit.

3.V ca 0,5 mol H2 nhit thng l 11,2 lt.

4.V ca 1 gam H2 bng V ca 1 gam kg O2.I. Mol l g ? (n) * N: Mol l lng cht cha 6.1023 nguyn t hoc phn t cht .

-Con s 6.1023 gi l s Avogadro v c k hiu l N).

V d:

- 2 vd sgk.

-1 mol nguyn t H cha N= 6.1023 ngt H -3 mol nguyn t H c cha 3N= 3.6.1023 H

-1 mol phn t H2 c N= 6.1023 H2-5 mol phn t H2 c 5N= 5.6.1023 H2-4 mol pht H2O c 4N= 4.6.1023 H2O

-1 mol nguyn t Al cha N= 6.1023 ngt Al *Bi tp 1:

+ p n a ng.

+ p n c ng.

2. Khi lng mol l g?* Khi nim: (sgk).

-K hiu l M.

*V d:

Cht

PTK

LK mol

O232 dvc

32 gam

CO2

44dvc

44 gam

H2O

18 dvc

18 gam

-Khi lng mol(nguyn t, phn t) ca 1 cht c cng s tr vi nguyn t khi hoc phn t khi ca cht .

*Lm bi tp vo v.

M(H2SO4)= 98 g

M(Al2O3) = 102g.

3. Th tch mol ca cht kh l g?-Th tch mol ca cht kh l th tch chim bi N phn t ca cht kh .

-1 mol ca bt k cht kh no ( cng iu kin to , p sut) u chim nhng th tch bng nhau.

-KTC: V bt k cht kh no cng bng 22,4 lt.

4.Luyn tp:

-HS lm sau ln bng tr li.

*Cu ng: 1,2.

*Cu 3,4 sai.

IV.Cng c: -HS c phn ghi nh.

V. Dn d:

- Hc bi. Bi tp v nh: 1,2,3,4 (sgk- 65).- Chun b k bi hc mi: CHUYN I GIA KHI LNG , TH TCH V LNG CHT

Ngy son : 22/11/ 2014Tit 27 : CHUYN I GIA KHI LNG ,

TH TCH V MOLA. MC TIU:

1. Kin thc:

- Gip hc sinh bit chuyn i lng cht (s mol cht) -> Khi lng cht v ngc li (chuyn khi lng cht -> lng cht)

- Hc sinh bit i lng cht kh -> th tch kh (KTC) v chuyn i th tch kh ->lng cht.

2. K nng: Rn k nng chuyn i, cch vit cng thc.

3. Gio dc: Tnh chu kh, lng say m.

B. PHNG TIN DY HC:

1. GV: Gio n

2. HS: - Hc bi c.

- Xem trc bi mi C. TIN TRNH LN LP:

I. n nh: kim tra s sII. Kim tra bi c: Lm bi tp 1, bi 2 SGKIII. Bi mi:HOT NG CA THY V TRNI DUNG

1.Hot ng 1:-GV hng dn HS quan st phn bi c ca HS 1(Cu a).

?Mun tnh khi lng ca 1 cht ta lm th no?

-HS: ly khi lng mol nhn vi lng cht.

*GV dng bng ph ghi bi tp:

Tnh khi lng ca:

0,25 mol CO2. (11 g).

0,5 mol CaCO3. (50g).

0,75 mol ZnO. (60,75g).

-HS tho lun lm vo bng nhm.

-GV: Cho bit 32 gam Cu c s mol l bao nhiu?

-HS rt ra cng thc tnh s mol t (1)- 1 HS ln bng tnh s mol ca ng

-HS rt ra cng thc tnh khi lng mol t (1)

*HS lm vo bng nhm: Tnh khi lng mol ca hp cht A bit: 0,125 mol cht ny c khi lng l 12,25 gam.

-GV cho HS nu cch gii.

-HS rt ra cng thc.

*p dng tnh ton:

a.Tnh m ca 0,15 mol Fe2O3.

b.Tnh n ca 10 gam NaOH.

2.Hot ng 2:

Xc nh yu cu ca .

? S dng cng thc no tnh

Gv gi 1 hc sinh ln bng

Hc sinh di lp theo di, nhn xt.

? Mun tnh c th tch kh ktc em cn bit iu g.

? Tng t vi vic tnh khi lng cht.

Bi tp 4:

Tnh khi lng, th tch ktc, s phn t c trong 0,35 mol CO2.

Bi tp 5a. Tnh th tch ktc ca 8 gam H2.

b. Tnh khi lng ca 5,6 lt CO2 ktc.

Bi tp 6:

Xc nh CTHH ca kim loi A bit 0.3 mol A c khi lng 16,8 gam

Gi 3 hc sinh ln bng cha.

Hc sinh khc nhn xt

Cho hc sinh tho lun nhm tm kq.

Cho i din nhm bo co, hc sinh nhm khc nhn xt.

? xc nh c tn kim loi cn bit iu g.

? Gi mt hc sinh ln bng trnh by, hs khc nhn xt, b sung.1.Chuyn i gia lng cht v khi lng cht nh th no?

m= n . M (gam). (1).

Trong : +m l khi lng.

+n l lng cht (S mol).

+M l khi lng molca cht.

(2).

(3).

*Bi tp 1:

*Bi tp 2:

a.

b.

Bi tp 3: ( bi 4 sgk/67)a. mN = n.M = 0,5 . 14 = 7 ( g ).

mCl = n.m = 0,1 . 35,5 = 3,55 ( g ).

mO = n.M = 3.16 = 48 ( g ).

b. mN2 = n.M = 0,5 . 28 = 14 ( g ). mCl2 = n.M = 0,1 . 71 = 7,1 ( g ). mO2 = n.M = 3 . 32 = 96 ( g ).c. mFe = n.M = 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 ( g ).

mCu = n.M = 2,15. 64 = 137,6 ( g ).

mH2SO4 = n.M = 0,8 . 98 = 78,4 ( g ). mCuSO4 = n.M = 0,5 . 160 = 80 ( g ).Bi tp 4:

m = n.M = 0,35 x 44 = 15,4 gam

V = n . 22,4 = 0,35 x 22,4 = 7,84 lt

SPTCO2 = n.N= 0,35.6.1023=2,1 .1023pt.

Bi tp 5a. nH2 = ( mol )

VH2 = 22,4 . n = 22,4 . 4 = 89,6 ( l ).b. nH2 = ( mol )

mCO2 =

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