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Globally HarmonizedGlobally Harmonized

System of ClassifyingSystem of ClassifyingChemicalsChemicals

Rosalee B. FajilanRosalee B. FajilanSenior Industrial Hygienist,Senior Industrial Hygienist,

Occupational Safety and Health CenterOccupational Safety and Health Center

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The production and use of chemicalsis fundamental in the economic

IntroductionIntroduction

,the same time, it may pose a risk tothe health and well-being of all

people and the environment if notmanaged in a responsible manner.

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In 1989-90, ILO developed andadopted a convention and

History of GHS

Chemicals at Work.

These instruments require

countries to adopt a system forhazard classification and labeling.

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In 1992, United Nations Conference onthe Environment and Development(UNCED) took place in Brazil, often called

History (cont.)

Established 6 programme areas inChapter 19, Agenda 21, to strengthen

national and international efforts relatedto the environmentally soundmanagement of chemicals.

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Risk assessment Harmonization of classification andlabelling of chemicals (Creation of GHS)

Chapter 19, Agenda 21Programme Areas

Risk reduction programmes

Strengthening of national chemical

management capabilities and capacities Prevention of illegal international traffic intoxic and dangerous products

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International Mandate

A globally-harmonized hazardclassification and compatible labelingsystem, including material safety

a a s ee s an eas yunderstandable symbols, should beavailable, if feasible, by the year

2000. Developed in Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on the

Environment and Development (UNCED) which took place in 1992in Brazil.

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GHS Implementation

The World Summit on SustainableDevelopment (WSSD)& theInter overnmental Forum for Chemical

Safety (IFCS)have encouraged countriesto implement the new GHS as soon aspossible with a view to having the systemfully operational by 2008

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International organization responsibilitiesInternational organization responsibilities

International Labor Organization (ILO): Secretariat for

the Coordinating Group and the hazardcommunication work group

Organization for Economic Cooperation and

Development (OECD): Secretariat for health andenvironmental hazard criteria, including mixtures

United Nations Subcommittee of Experts on the

Transport of Dangerous Goods: Secretariat forphysical hazard criteria

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Who is responsible? Internationally, the UN Subcommittee of

Experts on the GHS is responsible for themaintenance, updating and promotion of the

GHS:

Over 30 countries have jointed theSubcommitte

Observer countries and stakeholders alsoparticipate

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an international standard for chemicalclassification and hazard communication

basis for establishing comprehensive

What is GHS?

comprehensive approach to defining and

classifying hazards

and communicating information onlabels and safety data sheets

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Countries with systems havedifferent requirements for hazarddefinitions as well as information

Why GHS?

o e nc u e on a a e or sa e ydata sheet.

These differences impact both onprotection and trade.

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In the area of protection, users in

countries that dont have specificrequirements may see different labelwarnings or data sheet information

Why GHS? (cont.)

. In the area of trade, the need tocomply with multiple regulations

regarding hazard classification andlabeling is costly and time-consuming.

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Examples of Differences

Australia - Harmful

India - Non-toxic

Japan - Toxic

Malaysia - Harmful

Thailand - Harmful

China - Harmful

New Zealand - Hazardous

Korea - Toxic

Acute oralLD50 = 257 mg/kg

Note: LD50 = Lethal Dosagethat kills 50% of the total

test population

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Countries, international organizations, chemical

producers and users of chemicals will all benefit. Provides a chemical classification and

labelling system that is updated and

Benefits of GHSBenefits of GHS

maintained internationally Enhance protection of humans and

environment.

Facilitate international trade inchemicals.

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Countries, international organizations, chemical

producers and users of chemicals will all benefit. Reduce need for testing and evaluation.

Assist countries and international

Benefits of GHS (cont.)Benefits of GHS (cont.)

organizations to ensure the soundmanagement of chemicals.

Increases efficiencies; reduces costs of

compliance with hazard communicationregulations; lowers health care costs,etc.

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What chemicals are covered?What chemicals are covered?

CoversALL hazardous pure substances,dilute solutions and mixtures.

Pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics

covered, but will be covered whereworkers may be exposed and in transport.

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Does not include establishment of uniform test

methods or promotion of further testing to addressadverse health outcomes

Scope and ApplicationScope and Application

intake or ingestion or intentional application to

animals and products such as human or veterinary

pharmaceuticals

Not intended to harmonize risk assessmentprocedures or risk management decisions

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Who is responsible for implementing?Who is responsible for implementing? The type of international legal instrument the GHS is

considered to be is a non-mandatory

recommendation

The GHS provisions become mandatory in countries or

Overseeing national or regional implementation is the

responsibility of the competent authorities that adopt

the GHS provisions. There is no international body

that monitors implementation for compliance

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Industrial workplace: Workers are a key sectorto be considered. Chemicals are often present

in all types of workplaces, from manufacturingfacilities to construction, retail services to

health care.

19

Sectors affected by the GHSSectors affected by the GHS

Agriculture (pesticides): Involves bothworkplace and consumer exposures, and is

often regulated separately by countries.

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Sectors, cont.Sectors, cont.

Transport (emergency response): Another subset of

occupational exposures that is often regulated

separately. Involves many provisions beyondclassification and labelling (e.g., packaging). These are

addressed in the UN Recommendations on the

Transport o Dangerous Goo s. A so impacts pu icexposures.

Consumer Products (public): Involves products sold

to the general public, and exposures of vulnerablepopulations (e.g., children).

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GHSGHS

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GHS Elements

Hazard Classification

Physical

Health & EnvironmentalHazard Communication

LabelingSafety Data Sheets

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Explosives Flammable gases

Flammable aerosols

Pyrophoric solids

Self-heating

substances

GHS Classification:Physical Hazards

x z ng gases Gases under pressure

Flammable liquids

Flammable solids

Self-reactive substances

Pyrophoric liquids

,

contact with water, emitflammable gases

Oxidizing liquids

Oxidizing solids Organic peroxides

Corrosive to metals

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Physical Hazards

Hazard Class Hazard CategoryExplosives

UnstableExplosives Div 1.1

Div1.2

Div1.3

Div1.4

Div1.5

Div1.6

Flammable Gases (includingchemically unstable gases)

1 1A 1B 2 2A 2B

Aerosols 1 2 3

Oxidising Gases 1

Gases Under Pressure 1Compressed Gases

Liquefied Gases

Refrigerated LiquefiedGases

Dissolved Gases

Flammable Liquids 1 2 3 4

Flammable Solids 1 2

Self-reactive Substances Type AType

BType

CType

DType

EType

FType

G

Pyrophoric Liquids 1

Pyrophoric Sol