Silvester II and European Unity in the Year 1000

Treaty of Verdun - 843

Treaties of Verdun and Mersen

Treaty of Verdun (843)• Charles the Bald (Charles II as Holy Roman Emperor)

received West Francia

• Louis the German received East Francia

• Lothair (co-emperor) received Lothairingia

• Lothair dies - continual warring

Treaty of Mersen (870)• Gave Charles Netherlands, Belgium, and Lorraine

• Louis received Alsace and the left bank of the Lower Rhine.

• The borders established did not last long.

Treaty of Mersen - 870

The Three Power Players

• Pope Silvester II

• Otto III

• Stephen of Hungary

The Teacher

• Gerbert of Aurillac

o Bishop of Reims

o Bishop of Ravenna

o Bishop of Rome – Silvester II

Gerbert

• Studied in Aurillac under Gerauld

• To Spain with Count Borel

• Rome to meet Pope John XIII

• To Germany as tutor to court of Otto I

• To Reims as teacher for Adalberon• Robert the Pious

• Fulbert

• Richter

• Heribert

Gerbert and Politics

• The “new empire”

• Lothair and Otto together?

• Adalberon/Gerbert advise Emma, M. of Louis

• A/G influence Franks to elect Hugh Capet

• Gerbert returns to Germany as advisor to Otto• Bishop of Ravenna

• Bishop of Rome (Silvester II)

The Emperor

• Otto III

Grandson of Otto The Great

Otto III

• Acclaimed King of the Romans in 963 at age 3

• Regents: Mother: Theophanu

Grandmother: Adelaide of Italy

• The Holy Roman Empire as a theocratic state• Advisors: Gerbert of Aurillac, Adalbert of Prague

• Rome as his administrative center

• Revive Roman Senate

Revolt in Tibur – 1001

Succeeded by cousin, Henry II

King of Hungary

• Stephen (Vaijk)

o Early Magyar Christian

o Grand Prince of the Hungarians

o King Stephen I

o Saint Stephen

Stephen I

• Geiza –Magyar chief took a Christian wife

• Had Vaijk married to Gisella, daughter of Henry the Quarrelsome

• His rule:• Applied to Silvester for a crown

• Granted papal rights

• Supplanted gods of the steppes with Christ

• Provided bulwark against the Turks

• An ally during the first Crusades