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FTTH Conference 2013 Standardization
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InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission
Trends in FTTH / FITH Optical Fibre & Cable and associated standardization
Gerard Kuyt*, Alain Bertaina, Martin Davies
Prysmian Group
*) ITU-T Editor Rec. G.652 + G.657Chairman of IEC SC86A
FTTH Conference 2013 – LondonWorkshop: Standardization
InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission
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Contents:Introduction ITU-T SG15 / IEC SC86A
Evolution optical fibre technology
���� Overview ITU-T Recs. & IEC Fibre Standards
Constraints in FTTH Access & MDU
���� Rec. G.657 BI-SMF
Solutions for Access / Drop & MDU cabling
���� Examples FTTH Roll-out Cost Saving (Out-/Indoor)���� References to associated standardization
Current Discussions in Standardization
Conclusions
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
Trends in FTTH / FITH Optical Fibre & Cable and associated standardization
InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission
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Introduction ITU-T SG15 / IEC SC86A
ITU-T SG15Optical transport networks and access network infrastructures
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
SC86BInterconnecting
Devices & Passive
Components
SC86 Fibre Optic Systems
& Active Devices
WG3
Opt. Cables
TC86
Fibre Optics
SC86A
Fibres & Cables
WG1
Opt. Fibres
IEC TC86/SC86A
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Evolution Optical Fibre Technology
Dispersion-modified single-
mode fibres
DSF: G.653
3rd Phase
65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10
1966
Kao’Prediction
1970
20 dB/kmbreakthrough
WDM systems (DWDM, CWDW)
Advent of OFA
1989
Multimode fibresMM-Fibre
SIMM-Fibre
GIMM-Fibre G.651
SMF: G.652.DDispersion-unshifted single-
mode fibres
Sin
gle
-mode
fibre
s
SIMM: Step-Index multimode fibreGIMM: Graded-Index multimode fibreCSF: Cutoff shifted single-mode fibreBIF: Bend-Insensitive single-mode fibreNZDSF: Non-zero dispersion shifted SMFN-NZDSF: New NZDSFDCF: Dispersion compensating SMF
BIF: G.657
G.651.1
SMF: G.652.A
CSF: G.654
1st Phase
2nd Phase
DCF: -----
NZDSF: G.655
4th Phase
N-NZDSF: G.656
5th Phase
Credit to Dr. Ohashi, Osaka Prefecture University
Internet bubble
Single channel systems
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
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Evolution Optical Fibre Technology
Optical communication resulted in ‘silent’ revolution: the global information age (internet, social media), turning the world into a ‘village’
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
8 What’s the next step? Space Division Multiplexing?
Source: OFC’12, S. Bigo, Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs
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Current Single-Mode Fibre Categories
ITU-T Recs. G.65x / IEC Bx
ITU-T Description (cabled fibre) CreatedLast
editionTables IEC Fibre category (60793-2-50)
G.652.AG.652.BG.652.C
G.652.D
G.653.A B2_a
G.653.B B2_b
G.654.A -G.654.B B1.2_bG.654.C B1.2_cG.654.D -G.655.A -
G.655.B -
G.655.C B4_c
G.655.D B4_d
G.655.E B4_e
G.657.A1 B6_a1
G.657.A2 B6_a2
G.657.B2 B6_b2
G.657.B3 B6_b3
Bending loss insensitive fibre
G.652Characteristics of a single-mode
optical fibre and cable1984
G.656G.656
Characteristics of a bending loss
insensitive single mode optical
fibre and cable for the access
network
G.657 2006 Nov. 2012
G.655
G.654
Nov. 2009
Characteristics of a fibre and cable
with non-zero dispersion for
wideband optical transport
2004 July 2010
G.653
1988
July 2010Characteristics of a dispersion-
shifted single-mode optical fibre
and cable
1988
Characteristics of a cut-off shifted
single-mode optical fibre and cable
Characteristics of a non-zero
dispersion-shifted single-mode
optical fibre and cable
1996 Nov. 2009
Oct. 2012
B5
Dispersion unshifted fibre
Dispersion unshifted fibre, extended
band
Dispersion shifted fibre
Dispersion unshifted, Loss-minimize,
Cut-off shifted fibre
Non-zero dispersion shifted fibre
Wideband non-zero-dispersion shifted
fibre
B1.1
B1.3
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IEC SC86A Fibre Cables Standards (60794)
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60794-1-1
Generic General
SpecificationsTest methods
60794-1-2 60794-1-21 60794-1-22 60794-1-23
Cross ref table General Mechanical Environmental Cable elements Electrical
Sectional
Specifications
Family
Specifications60794-3-10 60794-3-20 60794-3-30 60794-3-40 60794-3-50 60794-3-60 60794-4-10 60794-4-20 60794-5-10 60794-5-20
Gas pipe Outdoor Outdoor
Cables OPGW ADSS microducts fibre units &
cables and cables microducts
Product and Detail
Specifications
Technical Reports
TR 62470 TR 62362 TR 62691 TR62690
Measurement Guide for
of COF between installation
cables and ducts
(NWP)Breakout
cable w ith
connectors
(NWP)
Guide for
Drop Cable
(NWP)
60794-2-22
60794-2
Indoor cables
60794-3
Outdoor cables
60794-4
Cables along overhead lines
60794-3-21
Premises
cabling
coastal appl.
Sewer
Cables
Aerial
cables
Cables: lakes
river crossings
60794-2-10
Simplex &
Duplex
cables
60794-2-20
Multi-fibre
cables
Cables w ith
plastic
60794-3-12
Premises
cabling
60794-3-11
Duct or
buried
cables
Duct, buried
or lashed
cables
60794-2-30
Ribbon
cables
60794-2-11
Premises
cabling
60794-2-21
Premises
cabling
60794-2-31
Premises
cabling
60794-2-41
Buffered
A4 fibres
cables with
A4 fibres
60794-1-2
60794-1-20
60794-2-51
Sim/Duplex
cables for
patchcords
60794-2-42
Sim/Duplex
fibres
60794-2-50
Sim/Duplex
cables for
patchcords
60794-2-40
60794-1-24
MICE
belongs to
ISO/IEC JTC1
SC25
Guide for
hydrogen
Drinking
water pipe
Microduct cabling (blowing)
60794-5
TR62690 TR62763
Guide for
MDU Cable
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8FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
Standardization is NOT a goal in itself…
Standardization is supporting Trade & Commerce���� Essential, also for FTTH appl.
So, let’s look at the facts & figures behind all these fibre & cable types ……
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Facts & Figures: Fibre Type Split Source CRU International August 2012
Current Single-Mode Fibre Types
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
G.652
A/B
11%
G.652
C/D
88%
G.655
&
G.656
1%
2012
G.652
A/B
7%
G.652
C/D
92%
G.655 &
G.656
1%
2017
Market (in km) split per fibre type; ultra-dominant G.652 family
Inside G.652, almost all the volume at G.652 C/D grade
G.657 volumes, heavily growing, not yet tracked separately
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In 2012 demand: 240 Mfkm installed (+14% growth)
Key drivers for fibre consumption: FTTx and mobile backhaul
2 billions kilometers deployed since 90’s, 50’000 times the Earth perimeter!
Current Single-Mode Fibre Types
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
Cabled fibre per application [million-km]
World Fibre Consumption
0
50
100
150
200
250
Others
Cable Operators
Local & Metro
Long distance
FTTx
Submarine
0
50
100
150
200
250
Other Metro
Mobile backhaul
Source CRU International
Source CRU International
Internet bubble
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Significant volume increase for G.657 bend-insensitive SM-fibre consumption worldwide
Driven by the boost of indoor deployments and lately outdoor roll-outs
Current Single-Mode Fibre Types
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Growth G657 BI-SMFFibre demand(in ’000s of km)
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
16.000
10 mm
7.5 mm
5 mm
Source CRU International
~5% Total global SMF volume
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���� Bends, indoor installation, higher density, smaller footprint… ���� Fibre must offer improved tolerance to handling constraints
More compact connectivity
Corners, staples,…
Retractable modules
Constraints in FTTH Access & MDU
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Riser Cable Basement Box
Termination Device
Distr. Cable
Floor Box
Riser Shaft
Access: High fibre count / compact cables (e.g. 720 fibres)
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Future proof installation:Need for bend-insensitive SMF
PON Evolutions & Band Usage
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Dec. 2006: G.657 edition #1Access: G.657.A: compliant with G.652.D
Building: G.657.B: not full compliance G.652.D
Low bending losses at low bend radii
Short distances
Nov. 2009: publication of edition #2Two extra sub-categories:
Access: G.657.A1 + G.657.A2
Building: G.657.B2 + G.657.B3
Oct. 2012: publication of edition #3Strong improvement G.657.B:
New Chrom.Disp + PMD specs
Deletion 6.3um MFD (spec as G.652.D)
All bands 1260 – 1625nm
G.657.B nearly same as G.652.D
System compatible with G.652.D���� More acceptable for operators
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
ITU-T Rec. G.657”Characteristics of a bending loss insensitive single mode optical fibre and cable for the access network”
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A1, A2, B2, B3 sub-categories: maintaining A and B structure
Most bend resistant fibres:
G.657.A2 � Rmin = 7.5mm � G.652.D compliant
G.657.B3 � Rmin = 5mm � G.652.D compatible
Structure edition #3 (10/2012)
ITU-T Rec. G.657 / 2012
G.652G.657 A1
G.657 A2 / B2
G.657 B3
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Large weight for civil works and installation in deployment costsversus passive material cost and active equipment cost
Any improvement in deployment and installation techniques is a dominating factor to reduce the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of an FTTH network
Examples FTTH Roll-out Cost Saving
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
CO active eq'ts
26%
Subs active
eq'ts
16%
Passive
Material
12%Deployment
46%
Source FTTH Business Guide (FTTH Council Europe)
Example
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For P2P networks high fibre count cables are required with minimal outer cable diameter:
Minimum impact of crowded ducts (large cities) � E.g. 720 fibre count cables
� Recent standardization update: 200 µm coated fibres (G.657.A2 also microbend insensitve)
���� IEC SC86A: 60793-2-50 Ed4 (2012-12)
� Micro-module technique (Flextube) / Reduced thickness
OSP: Compact Access Cables (G.657.A2)
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Fibre Core
‘Regular’ 250µm coating
Coating Secondary LayerCoating Primary Layer
Cladding
‘Compact’ 200µm coating
Same standardized glass dimensions (fibre core & cladding)
Reduced size protective coating (primary & secondary)
Smaller fibre size. Higher density.
Cross section
reduced by 70%
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For P2P networks high fibre count cables are required with minimal outer diameter:
Minimum impact of crowded ducts (large cities) � E.g. 720 fibre count cables
� Recent standardization update: 200 µm coated fibres
� 720 fibre cable O.D.: from 21mm to ~15mm
Lower duct renting fees
Greener applications � Less raw material and civil works
G.657.A2 (IEC: B6_a2) support such compact cables
IEC 60794-3 (Outdoor cable) in revision to include micro-modules
OSP: Compact Access Cables (G.657.A2)
Inner duct
diameter
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Outdoor cables with low friction coefficient fibre modules
Window-cuts made at multiple points along cable length � individual modules cut and retracted back to previous window-cut
Fibre modules pushed or blown into microducts to reach a termination or distribution point (typically in customer premises)
Direct buried cables- reference -
100
Rela
tive c
ost
co
mp
ari
so
n (
%)
80
60
40
20
0Direct buried micro-ducts
Retractable cables
Labor cost
Materials cost
Modeling of retractable solutionshows TCO reduction up to 10-20%
Retractable cables part of IEC TR 62762 Drop cable (u.d.)
OSP: Retractable Solutions
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
1 OPEN
4 PUSH/BLOW
2 CUT
3 PULL
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Indoor cable equipped with bend-loss reduced G.657.B (IEC B6_b) fibres support low-loss building installations at the end of the Access Network� Necessary due to limited
optical link budgets
Indoor: Bend-Insensitive fibres (G.657.B)3mm stapledindoor cable w. G.657.B2 fibre:
• 89 staples
• 15 angles 90°
• 1550 nm
• Attenuation:max. 0,05 dB
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Retractable riser cablesfrom distribution point to top floor, containing individual modules with fibre units or fibre bundles���� Example in France
Window and module-cutson a higher floor:� at lower targeted floor
modules can be retracted and rerouted (up to 20m away)
IEC TR 62763 “Guide to Multi-Dwelling Unit Fibre Optic Cable Networks “ being drafted
Drop cablesSubscriber #1
Subscriber #2
Subscriber #3
ISP #1 ISP #2 ISP #3 ISP #4
Multi-operator
branching area
Indoor: Retractable Solutions
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
MDU cables
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Pre-connectorizedRiser Cables
Each micro-module(riser cable) dedicated to one subscriber
Each group of connectors dedicated to one operator
Fanout #1
Fanout #2LSZH tube
Indoor: Pre-Connectorised Solutions
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
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“Drop Cable” vs “MDU Cable”���� Definition of a “Drop Cable”
Closes the gap between distribution cables (starting at the Network Access Point (NAP)) and the single user´s home, Multi Dwelling Units (MDUs), or other premises.
Aerial, duct or direct buried cables, as well as indoor / outdoor cables and cables to be installed on facades.
Ends either outside or insidethe building. So, indoor / outdoor cables maybe needed providing appropriate fire protection.
IEC TR 62762 draft in preparation
23FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
���� Definition of an “MDU Cable”
Provides connection from where the drop cable enters the building to the single user´s apartment.
Indoor cable
Does not include residential property cabling that may be present in the customer’s home.
IEC TR 62763 draft in preparation
Definitions may change as the IEC documents develop!
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IEC TR 62762 draft Drop Cable
IEC TR 62763 draft MDU Cable
Splice loss G.652 / G.657 fibres
Uni-directional OTDR
MFD specs
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
Current Discussions in Standardization
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…. Uni-directional OTDR testing
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
Discussions: splicing FTTH Fibres
G652 ���� G657 G657 ���� G652
MFD G652 > MFD G657
FTTH: often uni-directional OTDR cable plant commissioning
OTDR is not directly measuring loss, but instead back-scattered optical power, inversely proportional to MFD of fibre
Uni-directional OTDR traces may show “gainers” or “losers” when MFDs of connected fibres differ (e.g. G652 vs G657)
True splice loss is computed by averaging the power transition height acquired in both directions (cancelling “gainers / losers”)
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…. Uni-directional OTDR testing
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
Which splice spec to use for uni-directional OTDR?
It should be wider than that for official bi-directional OTDR
Let’s assume 0.45 dB
Let’s study the following 4 cases with different median MFD
Nominal MFD1310
& Tolerance
G.652 G.657 Delta nom.
MFD
CASE A 9.0
0.4 µm
8.8
0.4 µm
0.2 µm
CASE B 9.2
0.4 µm
8.8
0.4 µm
0.4 µm
CASE C 9.0
0.4 µm
8.6
0.4 µm
0.4 µm
CASE D 9.2
0.4 µm
8.6
0.4 µm
0.6 µm
Discussions: splicing FTTH Fibres
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…. Uni-directional OTDR testing
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
WhichPulse width : 20 ns; 1550 nmLaunching from the G.652 to the G.657 fibers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
-0.80 -0.70 -0.60 -0.50 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20
Contribution to Raleygh Scattering mismatch (dB) to the unidirectional OTDR reading
Cumumated Distribution
CASE A CASE B CASE C CASE D
45%
~5%
0.2%
Assuming perfect splice:% spices of apparent
gain higher than -0.45dB when launching
for G652 to G.657
Lowest risk for rework in
Case A with smallest MFD
difference
Discussions: splicing FTTH Fibres
G652: 9.2 ± 0.4 umG657: 8.6 ± 0.4 um
G652: 9.0 ± 0.4 umG657: 8.8 ± 0.4 um
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…. Uni-directional OTDR testing
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19
WhichPulse width : 20 ns; 1550 nmLaunching from the G.657 to the G.652 fibers
Lowest risk for rework in
Case A with smallest MFD
difference
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
-0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80
Rayleigh Backward Scattering Mismatch (dB)
Cumumated Distribution
CASE A CASE B CASE C CASE D
45%
~5%
0.2%
Assuming perfect splice:% spices of apparent
loss higher than 0.45dB when launching
for G657 to G.652
Discussions: splicing FTTH Fibres
G652: 9.2 ± 0.4 umG657: 8.6 ± 0.4 um
G652: 9.0 ± 0.4 umG657: 8.8 ± 0.4 um
InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission
…. Uni-directional OTDR testing
Smallest chance on large uni-directional OTDR mismatch when MFD differences between fibres are minimized
Proposals for reducing current wide MFD range:
Current MFD G652/G657: median range: 8.6 – 9.5 µm / Tol. ±0.6 µm
New proposal: median range: 8.8 – 9.2 µm / Tol. ±0.4 µm
Discussions: splicing FTTH Fibres
8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 µm
Current MFD spec
Suggested MFD spec
InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission
For supporting FTTH applications Optical Fibre & Cable standards have been developed and are subject of constant revision following the latest trends:
ITU-T Recommendation G.657
IEC Standard 60793-2-50, category B6
IEC Standard series 60794-2 (Indoor) / 60794-3 (Outdoor)
���� In close harmonization between ITU-T and IEC
New documents are in development:
IEC TR 62762 draft Drop Cable
IEC TR 62763 draft MDU Cable
New issues need further discussion:
Uni-directional OTDR commissioning
MFD specifications G652 and G657 fibres
Conclusions
InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission
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Thank you for your attention
Questions?
FTTH Conference 2013, London, 2013-02-19