Genetics

Emma

The Basics of DNA• D.N.A.~ deoxyribonucleic

acid that tells how to make the organism, DNA is different for everyone

• Double Stranded Helix~ what DNA looks like, a twisted ladder, how chromosomes form together

• Base~ “rungs" of the helix, contain nitrogen

Genetic Diseases • Genetic disease~ diseases

caused be an abnormality in the genetic information.

• Abnormalities in DNA sequence, multiple parts of DNA, chromosomes, and mitochondria can cause these diseases.

• The diseases are passed from parents to children.

Cloning

• Cloning~ the process of making genetically identical organisms unnaturally.

• Growing a plant from a cutting is technically a type of cloning.

• In 1997 scientists created the first animal clone, a sheep named Dolly.

Heredity • Heredity~ genes for

certain traits are passed down in families from parents to offspring

• Heredity was known in Biblical times.

• Although, Gregor Mendel did the first extensive research on it while in a German monastery.

Mitosis

• Mitosis~ process of nucleus replication in eukaryotes where two identical daughter cells are formed

• There are four phases in mitosis.

• Interphase and Cytokinesis are stages directly before and after mitosis but not in the process.

Meiosis• Meiosis~ cell division

where egg and sperm cells are produced and genetic material is reduced per each new cell

• There is two cell divisions, yet copies only one set of DNA.

• There are eight phases and makes four cells.

Quiz • What element do bases

contain?• Is cloning natural or

unnatural?• Who did the first extensive

research on heredity?• How many daughter cells

does mitosis produce?• True or False: Does the

amount of DNA increase with each new cell in meiosis?

Answers

• 1: Nitrogen

• 2: Unnatural

• 3: Gregor Mendel

• 4: 2

• 5: False

Bibliography• www.Thinkquest.org

• www.Medicinenet.com

• www.Howstuffworks.com

• www.Accessexcellence.org

• www.Daviddarling.info

• www.wordpress.com