GENETIC ENGINEERINGThe process of manipulating genes for practical purposes

Recombinant DNA

DNA created from 2 or more different organisms.

Steps in a Genetic Engineering Experiment Cutting DNA-

Restriction enzymes from bacteria are used to cut out portions of DNA

Plasmids- circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently

Recombinant DNA is made using ligase to piece the segments together

Genes are cloned by the host Cells with the new DNA are seperated

from those without the new DNA

Confirmation of a Cloned Gene DNA from each clone is cut with

restriction enzymes and sorted using gel electrophoresis.

The Human Genome Project

A research project designed to identify the encoding of human DNA

Completed in 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. During the early years of the HGP, the Wellcome Trust (U.K.) became a major partner; additional contributions came from Japan, France, Germany, China, and others.

Uses of Genetically Modified DNA Drugs- sometimes disorders and illness

prevent the body from making critical proteins. Drug companies use this method of genetic

engineering to make the proteins

Other Uses

Vaccines- solutions containing all or part of a harmless version of a pathogen. The immune system recognizes the surface

proteins and responds by defensive proteins and antibodies.

DNA Fingerprinting

A pattern of dark bands on photographic film that shows the pattern of fragments separated by gel electrophoresis.

Agricultural /Farm Uses

More Nutritious Crops Larger meat producing animals Hardier plants that can survive climate

changes -transgenic organisms

Dolly the sheep

Risks of GMO’s

You Decide- Each table will read an article on genetic

engineering. Collect information from the article, them make a poster about what you learned. You will share these in front of the class

TODAY.